Τετάρτη 21 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016
Plain language summaries in Simplified Chinese
Linked Article: Chappuis et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:744–750.
Linked Article: Reinhold et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:696–705.
Linked Article: Ahnlide et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:751–761.
Linked Article: Noordam et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:728–734.
Linked Article: Aldoori et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:762–767.
Linked Article: Chittock et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:713–720.
Linked Article: Bonefeld et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:706–712.
http://ift.tt/2clU26P
Plain language summaries
Linked Article: Chappuis et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:744–750.
Linked Article: Reinhold et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:696–705.
Linked Article: Ahnlide et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:751–761.
Linked Article: Noordam et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:728–734.
Linked Article: Aldoori et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:762–767.
Linked Article: Chittock et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:713–720.
Linked Article: Bonefeld et al. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:706–712.
http://ift.tt/2daC0KI
Sclérodermie linéaire de la face associée à des anomalies neurologiques par microangiopathie
Publication date: Available online 20 September 2016
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): L. Legendre, L. Cuinat, J. Curot, F. Tanchoux, F. Bonneville, J. Mazereeuw-Hautier
IntroductionLa sclérodermie linéaire, ou morphée, est une maladie fibrosante affectant la peau et parfois les tissus plus profonds. Les sclérodermies linéaires de la face s'accompagnent parfois de troubles neurologiques. Nous en décrivons un cas associé à des anomalies neurologiques particulières, non rapportées jusqu'ici dans la littérature.ObservationUn patient de 16ans consultait en 2009 pour une sclérodermie linéaire hémifaciale gauche. Un traitement de 14 mois par méthotrexate entraînait une stabilisation de la maladie. En 2013, devant une aggravation des lésions cutanées et l'apparition d'un ptosis homolatéral, une IRM cérébrale était réalisée qui montrait des anomalies de signal unilatérales hémisphériques sous la forme d'une plage d'hypersignal T2 des noyaux gris centraux et des hyposignaux T2* homolatéraux correspondant à des microsaignements. En 2014 et 2015, le patient présentait trois épisodes brefs de paresthésies de l'hémicorps droit (avec pour le premier épisode, une aphasie transitoire puis des céphalées). L'IRM cérébrale montrait une aggravation des lésions en faveur d'une microangiopathie cérébrale évolutive.DiscussionLes anomalies neurologiques associées aux sclérodermies localisées de la face ne sont pas toujours connues des cliniciens mais ne sont pas exceptionnelles. Leurs manifestations cliniques sont variées. Sur le plan radiologique, il s'agit le plus souvent de calcifications et de lésions de la substance blanche hyperintenses en T2. À notre connaissance, les microsaignements observés chez notre patient n'avaient jamais été rapportés. L'évolution de ces anomalies neurologiques, dont la nature est inconnue, ne serait pas corrélée à celle de l'atteinte dermatologique. Il est important que les dermatologues connaissent ces complications neurologiques de la sclérodermie linéaire de la face.BackgroundLinear scleroderma is a fibrotic disease affecting the skin and sometimes the deeper tissues. We describe a case of scleroderma associated with neurological anomalies not previously reported in the literature.Patients and methodsA 16-year-old male patient presented in 2009 for hemifacial linear scleroderma. Treatment with methotrexate for 14 months resulted in stabilization of the disease. In 2013, we noted worsening of the patient's skin lesions as well as homolateral ptosis. Head MRI revealed unilateral hemispherical signal abnormalities with T2 hypersignal in the basal gangliaand punctate foci of T2* hyposignal corresponding to microbleeds. In 2014 and 2015, the patient presented three brief episodes of right hemicorpus paresthesia (with temporary aphasia followed by headache during the first episode). The head MRI showed worsening of the anomalies, suggesting progressing cerebral microangiopathy.DiscussionClinicians may not always be familiar with the neurological abnormalities associated with localized facial scleroderma even if such abnormalities are not uncommon (their exact prevalence is unknown). Clinical signs vary but, in most cases, the radiological features are calcifications and hyperintense foci of white matter lesions in T2. As far as we are aware, there have been no reports to date of microbleeding as observed in our patient. The worsening with time of these neurological anomalies of unknown origin does not appear to be correlated with the dermatological lesions. It is important for dermatologists be aware of these complications of facial linear scleroderma.
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Scholar : These new articles for Australian Journal of Earth Sciences are available online
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Scholar : Advanced Robotics, Volume 30, Issue 22, November 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations across Beijing during 2013–2015
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 145
Author(s): Stuart Batterman, Lizhong Xu, Feng Chen, Fang Chen, Xuefen Zhong
High concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and frequent air pollution episodes in Beijing have attracted widespread attention. This paper utilizes data from the new air pollution network in China to examine the current spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 at 12 monitoring sites in Beijing over a recent 2-year period (April 2013 to March 2015). The long term (2-year) average concentration was 83 μg m−3, well above Chinese and international standards. Across the region, annual average concentrations varied by 20 μg m−3 (25% of the average level), with lower levels in suburban areas compared to periurban and urban areas, which had similar concentrations. The spatial variation in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with several land use and economic variables, including the fraction of vegetated land and building construction activity, which together explained 71% of the spatial variation. Daily air quality was characterized as "polluted" (above 75 μg m−3) on 36–47% of days, depending on site. There were 77 pollution episodes during the study period (defined as two or more consecutive days with Beijing-wide 24-hour average concentrations over 75 μg m−3), and 2 to 5 episodes occurred each month, including summer months. The longest episode lasted 9 days and daily concentrations exceeded 450 μg m−3. Daily PM2.5 levels were autocorrelated (rlag1 = 0.516) and associated with many meteorological variables, including barometric pressure, relative humidity, hours of sunshine, surface and ambient temperature, precipitation and scavenging coefficient, and wind direction. Parsimonious models with meteorological and autoregressive terms explained over 60% of the variation in daily PM2.5 levels. The first autoregressive term and hours of sunshine were the most important variables in these models, however, the latter variable is PM2.5-dependent and thus not an explanatory variable. The present study can serve as a baseline to compare the improved air quality in Beijing expected in future years.
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Size distribution of particle-phase sugar and nitrophenol tracers during severe urban haze episodes in Shanghai
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 145
Author(s): Xiang Li, Li Jiang, Le Phuoc Hoa, Yan Lyu, Tingting Xu, Xin Yang, Yoshiteru Iinuma, Jianmin Chen, Hartmut Herrmann
In this study, measurements of size-resolved sugar and nitrophenol concentrations and their distributions during Shanghai haze episodes were performed. The primary goal was to track their possible source categories and investigate the contribution of biological and biomass burning aerosols to urban haze events through regional transport. The results showed that levoglucosan had the highest concentration (40–852 ng m−3) followed by 4-nitrophenol (151–768 ng m−3), sucrose (38–380 ng m−3), 4-nitrocatechol (22–154 ng m−3), and mannitol (5–160 ng m−3). Size distributions exhibited over 90% of levoglucosan and 4-nitrocatechol to the total accumulated in the fine-particle size fraction (<2.1 μm), particularly in heavier haze periods. The back trajectories further supported the fact that levoglucosan was linked to biomass-burning particles, with higher values of associated with air masses passing from biomass burning areas (fire spots) before reaching Shanghai. Other primary saccharide and nitrophenol species showed an unusually large peak in the coarse-mode size fraction (>2.1 μm), which can be correlated with emissions from local sources (biological emission). Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed four probable sources (biomass burning: 28%, airborne pollen: 25%, fungal spores: 24%, and combustion emission: 23%) responsible for urban haze events. Taken together, these findings provide useful insight into size-resolved source apportionment analysis via molecular markers for urban haze pollution events in Shanghai.
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Source apportionment advances using polar plots of bivariate correlation and regression statistics
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 145
Author(s): Stuart K. Grange, Alastair C. Lewis, David C. Carslaw
This paper outlines the development of enhanced bivariate polar plots that allow the concentrations of two pollutants to be compared using pair-wise statistics for exploring the sources of atmospheric pollutants. The new method combines bivariate polar plots, which provide source characteristic information, with pair-wise statistics that provide information on how two pollutants are related to one another. The pair-wise statistics implemented include weighted Pearson correlation and slope from two linear regression methods. The development uses a Gaussian kernel to locally weight the statistical calculations on a wind speed-direction surface together with variable-scaling. Example applications of the enhanced polar plots are presented by using routine air quality data for two monitoring sites in London, United Kingdom for a single year (2013). The London examples demonstrate that the combination of bivariate polar plots, correlation, and regression techniques can offer considerable insight into air pollution source characteristics, which would be missed if only scatter plots and mean polar plots were used for analysis. Specifically, using correlation and slopes as pair-wise statistics, long-range transport processes were isolated and black carbon (BC) contributions to PM2.5 for a kerbside monitoring location were quantified. Wider applications and future advancements are also discussed.
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Scholar : These new articles for Asian Journal of Political Science are available online
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Managing Scalp Psoriasis: An Evidence-Based Review
Abstract
Background
Scalp psoriasis is commonly the initial presentation of psoriasis, and almost 80 % of patients with psoriasis will eventually experience it.
Objective
Although several systematic reviews and guidelines exist, an up-to-date evidence-based review including more recent progress on the use of biologics and new oral small molecules was timely.
Methods
Of the 475 studies initially retrieved from PubMed and the 845 from Embase (up to May 2016), this review includes 27 clinical trials, four papers reporting pooled analyses of other clinical trials, ten open-label trials, one case series, and two case reports after excluding non-English literature.
Results
To our knowledge, few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conducted specifically in scalp psoriasis. Topical corticosteroids provide good effects and are usually recommended as first-line treatment. Calcipotriol–betamethasone dipropionate is well tolerated and more effective than either of its individual components. Localized phototherapy is better than generalized phototherapy on hair-bearing areas. Methotrexate, cyclosporine, fumaric acid esters, and acitretin are well-recognized agents in the treatment of psoriasis, but we found no published RCTs evaluating these agents specifically in scalp psoriasis. Biologics and new small-molecule agents show excellent effects on scalp psoriasis, but the high cost of these treatments mean they may be limited to use in extensive scalp psoriasis.
Conclusions
More controlled studies are needed for an evidence-based approach to scalp psoriasis.
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Total thyroidectomy: a clue to understanding the metabolic changes induced by subclinical hyperthyroidism?
Abstract
Objective
The effects of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism (eSCH) on heart and bone have been well documented. There are only limited data available regarding the impact of eSCH on weight regulation and lipid metabolism. Our aim was to evaluate the changes in body weight and metabolic parameters after total thyroidectomy in patients with preoperative eSCH compared with preoperative euthyroid patients (EUT).
Design
A retrospective study of 505 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for benign multinodular goiter in an academic hospital in Brussels (Belgium) was performed.
Patients measurements
Two hundred and twenty-five patients were included (eSCH group: n=74; EUT group: n=151). The mean follow-up time was 26.1 ± 0.8 months and was similar in both groups.
Results
Absolute BMI gain was significantly greater in the eSCH group than in the EUT group (1.11 ± 0.17 vs. 0.33 ± 0.13 kg/m2; p=0.003). A significant increase in LDL cholesterol was observed in the eSCH group (16.1 ± 3.8 mg/dl; p<0.001) but not in the EUT group (0.0 ± 3.0 mg/dl; p=0.88). In a multivariate model, preoperative TSH levels were the main factor significantly associated with increases in BMI or LDL cholesterol. Postoperative median TSH levels and L-thyroxine substitution were similar in both groups.
Conclusion
After total thyroidectomy, increases in weight and serum cholesterol were observed in the eSCH group. Given that postoperative TSH levels were similar in the two groups, these observations are probably due to the correction of eSCH, suggesting a direct effect of eSCH on body weight regulation and lipid metabolism.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Endocannabinoid receptor blockade increases vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammatory markers in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Abstract
Context
Animal studies suggest that cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) blockade reduces inflammation and neovascularization by decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels associated with a reduction in inflammatory markers, thereby potentially reducing cardiovascular risk.
Objective
To determine the impact of CB1 antagonism by rimonabant on VEGF and inflammatory markers in obese PCOS women.
Design
Randomised, open-labelled parallel study.
Setting
Endocrinology outpatient clinic in a referral centre.
Subjects
Twenty patients with PCOS and biochemical hyperandrogenaemia with a body mass index of ≥ 30kg/m2 were recruited. Patients were randomised to 1.5g daily of metformin or 20mg daily of rimonabant.
Main Outcome Measures
Post hoc review to detect VEGF and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 before and after 12 weeks treatment.
Results
After 12 weeks of rimonabant there was a significant increase in VEGF (99.2±17.6 vs 116.2±15.8pg/ml, p<0.01) and IL-8 (7.4±11.0 vs 18.1±13.2pg/ml, p<0.05) but not after metformin (VEGF p=0.7; IL-8 p=0.9). There was no significant difference in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 following either treatment.
Conclusion
This study suggests that rimonabant CB-I blockade paradoxically raised VEGF and the cytokine IL-8 in obese women with PCOS that may have offset the potential benefit associated with weight loss.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Long-term results of cabergoline therapy for macroprolactinomas and analyses of factors associated with remission after withdrawal
Abstract
Objective
Withdrawal of cabergoline is generally challenging, especially in patients with large or invasive macroprolactinomas. Therefore, we aimed to assess long-term results of cabergoline therapy for macroprolactinomas and remission achievement results after withdrawal in patients with macroprolactinomas. We also investigated clinical characteristics and factors related to remission after withdrawal.
Methods
This was an institutional review board approved retrospective analysis. We studied 46 macroprolactinoma patients who had taken cabergoline during the period from 2003 through 2013. Administration of cabergoline was maintained for 5 years before withdrawal in all cases.
Results
Median follow-up after the initiation of cabergoline therapy was 54.3 (range 5.3 to 137.2) months. Recurrences of hyperprolactinemia were observed in 3 of 11 (27%) post-withdrawal patients at a median time of 3.0 (range; 2.9-11.2) months, indicating that a high percentage (73%) maintained remission for at least 12 months after cabergoline cessation. Factors significantly associated with remission were analyzed in 21 patients receiving long-term cabergoline administration. On multivariate analysis, absence of cavernous sinus invasion on pretreatment MRI (≥3/4 tumor encasement of the intracavernous internal carotid artery) (HR; 21.94, 95% CI; 2.06-1071.0, p=0.006), initial PRL <132.7 ng/ml (HR; 8.28, 95% CI; 1.24-199.6, p=0.03), and nadir PRL <1.9 ng/ml during cabergoline therapy (HR; 5.14, 95% CI; 1.10-39.02, p=0.04) showed statistically significant correlations with remission after withdrawal.
Conclusions
Cabergoline therapy can achieve a high percentage (73% in this series) of remission maintenance for at least 12 months after cessation of a 5-year course of therapy, even in patients with macroprolactinomas. Absence of cavernous sinus invasion, serum PRL level lower than 132.7 ng/ml before cabergoline therapy, or nadir serum PRL below 1.9 ng/ml were related to more frequent remission after withdrawal of cabergoline in patients receiving this medication for 5 years.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Increased glucose-stimulated FGF21 response to oral glucose in obese non-diabetic subjects after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Abstract
Objective
The positive metabolic outcome of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery may involve Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), both in the fasting state and postprandially. We measured the fasting levels of FGF21 before and after bariatric surgery as well as the postprandial FGF21 responses after a glucose load and after a mixed meal.
Design
Observational intervention trial.
Patients and measurements
Eight obese, non-diabetics patients underwent RYGB. Plasma FGF21 was measured both before and after surgery on three different days during oral glucose loads (25 g or 50 g glucose) or a mixed meal. Blood samples were taken right before the meal and at 15 min intervals until 90 min and at 150 min and 210 min relative to the start of the meal.
Results
Overall, fasting plasma FGF21 did not change significantly before and after surgery (262±71 vs 411±119 pg/ml), but for three subjects fasting plasma FGF21 increased significantly after surgery. Furthermore, FGF21 levels increased significantly at t=90 and t=150 min in response to 50 g glucose, but not after a mixed meal.
Conclusions
In conclusion, the observed increase in postprandial plasma FGF21 in response to glucose and the lack of FGF21 response to a mixed meal may have important implications for the physiologic role of FGF21. The increase in postprandial FGF21 in response to glucose in the early post-operative period may contribute to the metabolic improvements observed after gastric bypass.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Scholar : These new articles for Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance are available online
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Variability in Response to Quadripulse Stimulation of the Motor Cortex
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Brain Stimulation
Author(s): Koichiro Nakamura, Stefan Jun Groiss, Masashi Hamada, Hiroyuki Enomoto, Suguru Kadowaki, Mitsunari Abe, Takenobu Murakami, Winnugroho Wiratman, Fangyu Chang, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Ritsuko Hanajima, Yasuo Terao, Yoshikazu Ugawa
BackgroundResponses to plasticity-inducing brain stimulation protocols are highly variable. However, no data are available concerning the variability of responses to quadripulse stimulation (QPS).ObjectiveWe assessed the QPS parameters of motor cortical plasticity induction in a systematic manner, and later investigated the variability of QPS using optimal parameters.MethodsFirst, two different interburst intervals (IBI) with the same total number of pulses were compared. Next we investigated three different IBIs with a different total number of pulses but with same duration of intervention. We also compared the after-effects of monophasic and biphasic QPS. Finally, variability of QPS was tested in 35 healthy subjects. Twenty motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured every 5 to 10 min for up to one hour after intervention.ResultsQPS at an IBI of 5 s produced MEPs changes that are dependent on the interstimulus interval of the four magnetic pulses, consistent with previous reports. Unexpectedly, QPS at an IBI of 2.5 s did not induce any plasticity, even with the same total number of pulses, that is, 1,440. QPS at an IBI of 7.5 s produced a variable response but was likely to be comparable to conventional QPS. Biphasic QPS had shorter lasting after-effects compared with monophasic QPS. Finally, the after-effects of QPS were relatively consistent across subjects: more than 80% of subjects responded as expected in the excitatory QPS at an IBI of 5 s.ConclusionsThe IBI, total duration of the procedure and pulse waveform strongly affected the magnitude or duration of the plasticity induced by QPS. In this cohort, 80% of subjects responded to excitatory QPS as expected.
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Scholar : Communication Law and Policy, Volume 21, Issue 4, Autumn 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Monocyte subsets in blood correlate with obesity related response of macrophages to biomaterials in vitro
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 109
Author(s): G.S.A. Boersema, L. Utomo, Y. Bayon, N. Kops, E. van der Harst, J.F. Lange, Y.M. Bastiaansen-Jenniskens
Macrophages play a key role in the foreign body response. In this study it was investigated whether obesity affects the acute response of macrophages to biomaterials in vitro and whether this response is associated with biomarkers in blood. CD14 + monocytes were isolated from blood from obese and age and gender matched lean persons. Monocyte subsets were determined based on CD14 and CD16 on their surface. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in peripheral blood. The response of monocyte-derived macrophages to polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monofilament, and PET-multifilament (mPET) in culture was based on cytokine production. More IL-6 (for PET), less CCL18 (all materials) and IL-1ra (for PLA) was produced by macrophages from obese patients than lean subjects. Body mass index, serum CRP and to a lesser extend percentages of monocyte subtypes correlated with IL-6, TNFα, CCL18, and IL-1ra production. Taken together, monocyte-derived macrophages of obese patients respond more pro-inflammatory and less anti-inflammatory to biomaterials than macrophages from lean subjects, depending on the material. These results are a step towards personalized medicine for the development of a model or even a blood test to decide which biomaterial might be suitable for each patient.
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Probabilistic tractography using Lasso bootstrap
Publication date: January 2017
Source:Medical Image Analysis, Volume 35
Author(s): Chuyang Ye, Jerry L. Prince
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can be used for noninvasive imaging of white matter tracts. Using fiber tracking, which propagates fiber streamlines according to fiber orientations (FOs) computed from dMRI, white matter tracts can be reconstructed for investigation of brain diseases and the brain connectome. Because of image noise, probabilistic tractography has been proposed to characterize uncertainties in FO estimation. Bootstrap provides a nonparametric approach to the estimation of FO uncertainties and residual bootstrap has been used for developing probabilistic tractography. However, recently developed models have incorporated sparsity regularization to reduce the required number of gradient directions to resolve crossing FOs, and the residual bootstrap used in previous methods is not applicable to these models. In this work, we propose a probabilistic tractography algorithm named Lasso bootstrap tractography (LBT) for the models that incorporate sparsity. Using a fixed tensor basis and a sparsity assumption, diffusion signals are modeled using a Lasso formulation. With the residuals from the Lasso model, a distribution of diffusion signals is obtained according to a modified Lasso bootstrap strategy. FOs are then estimated from the synthesized diffusion signals by an algorithm that improves FO estimation by enforcing spatial consistency of FOs. Finally, streamlining fiber tracking is performed with the computed FOs. The LBT algorithm was evaluated on simulated and real dMRI data both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results demonstrate that LBT outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms.
Graphical abstract
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Bioactive forms of vitamin D selectively stimulate the skin analog of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in human epidermal keratinocytes
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 437
Author(s): Justyna M. Wierzbicka, Michał A. Żmijewski, Anna Piotrowska, Boguslaw Nedoszytko, Magdalena Lange, Robert C. Tuckey, Andrzej T. Slominski
Ultraviolet radiation B stimulates both the production of vitamin D3 in the skin and the activation of the skin analog of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) as well as the central HPA. Since the role of vitamin D3 in the regulation of the HPA is largely unknown, we investigated the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its noncalcemic analogs, 20(OH)D3 and 21(OH)pD, on the expression of the local HPA in human epidermal keratinocytes. The noncalcemic analogs showed similar efficacy to 1,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating the expression of neuropeptides, CRF, urocortins and POMC, and their receptors, CRFR1, CRFR2, MC1R, MC2R, MC3R and MC4R. Interestingly, unlike other secosteroids, the activity of 21(OH)pD did not correlate with induction of differentiation, suggesting a separate but overlapping mechanism of action. Thus, biologically active forms of vitamin D can regulate different elements of the local equivalent of the HPA with implications for the systemic HPA.
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Prognostic factors of overall survival in children and adolescents enrolled in dose-finding trials in Europe: An Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer study
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 67
Author(s): Fernando Carceller, Francisco J. Bautista, Irene Jiménez, Raquel Hladun-Álvaro, Cécile Giraud, Luca Bergamaschi, Madhumita Dandapani, Isabelle Aerts, François Doz, Didier Frappaz, Michela Casanova, Bruce Morland, Darren R. Hargrave, Lynley V. Marshall, Gilles Vassal, Andrew D.J. Pearson, Birgit Geoerger, Lucas Moreno
ObjectivesDose-finding trials are fundamental to develop novel drugs for children and adolescents with advanced cancer. It is crucial to maximise individual benefit, whilst ensuring adequate assessment of key study end-points. We assessed prognostic factors of survival in paediatric phase I trials, including two predictive scores validated in adult oncology: the Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) and the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) scores.MethodsData of patients with solid tumours aged <18 years at enrolment in their first dose-finding trial between 2000 and 2014 at eight centres of the Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer European consortium were collected. Survival distributions were compared using log-rank test and Cox regression analyses.ResultsOverall, 248 patients were evaluated: median age, 11.2 years (range 1.0–17.9); 46% had central nervous system (CNS) tumours and 54% extra-CNS tumours. Complete responses were observed in 2.1%, partial responses in 7.2% and stable disease in 25.9%. Median overall survival (OS) was 6.3 months (95% confidence interval, 5.2–7.4). Lansky/Karnofsky ≤80%, no school/work attendance, elevated creatinine and RMH score ≥1 correlated with worse OS in the multivariate analysis. The RMH and MDACC scores correlated with OS in adolescents (12–17 years), p = 0.002, but not in children (2–11 years).ConclusionsPerformance status of 90–100% and school/work attendance at enrolment are strong indicators of longer OS in paediatric phase I trials. Adult predictive scores correlate with survival in adolescents. These findings provide a useful orientation about potential prognosis and could lead in the future to more paediatric-adapted eligibility criteria in early-phase trials.
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The risk of pre-eclampsia according to high thyroid function in pregnancy differs by hCG concentration
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
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Relationships Between Urinary Phthalate Metabolite and Bisphenol A Concentrations and Vitamin D Levels in U.S. Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2010
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
http://ift.tt/2dga83X
Role of Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Modulating Energy Harvest and Fat Partitioning in Youth
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
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Treatment with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I improves growth in patients with PAPP-A2 deficiency
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
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Aldosterone producing adenoma with a somatic KCNJ5 mutation revealing APC dependent Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
http://ift.tt/2cPHfxk
Intraoperative Real-Time Localization of Normal Parathyroid Glands with Autofluorescence Imaging
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
http://ift.tt/2dgaqYy
Body fat mass is associated with ratio of steroid metabolites reflecting 17,20-lyase activity in prepubertal girls
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
http://ift.tt/2cPHsRf
Thyroid Function and Cancer Risk: The Rotterdam Study
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
http://ift.tt/2dg9pQo
Cord blood adipokines and lipids and adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
http://ift.tt/2cPGMeB
Liver and muscle contribute differently to the plasma acylcarnitine pool during fasting and exercise in humans
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Early Release.
http://ift.tt/2dg9K5w
The association between parental attributions of misbehavior and parenting practices in caregivers raising children with prenatal alcohol exposure: A mixed-methods study
Publication date: December 2016
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 59
Author(s): Christie L.M. Petrenko, Mary E. Pandolfino, Rachael Roddenbery
Background and aimsLimited research has focused on parenting practices used by caregivers raising children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The current study hypothesized that parental attributions of children's misbehavior would relate to the parenting strategies caregivers utilize with children with FASD. This study also aimed to develop a coding scheme to allow quantification of these treatment-relevant constructs in future intervention trials.MethodsThirty-one caregivers of children with FASD (age 4–8) were interviewed with the Parenting Practices Interview (PPI), a study-developed qualitative interview. Quantitative measures of FASD knowledge, parenting sense of competence and stress, and child behavior problems were included. Mixed-method analyses assessed the relationship between parental attributions of misbehavior and parenting practices.ResultsCaregivers who attributed their child's misbehavior to underlying neurodevelopmental disabilities were more likely to use antecedent strategies and feel more confident in managing their child's behavior. Parents who attributed their child's misbehavior to willful disobedience were more likely to rely on consequence strategies and feel more ineffective.ConclusionsResults are consistent with theoretical models for FASD parent training interventions. Assessment of theorized mechanisms of change in intervention trials is needed; the development of the PPI and quantitative coding system will facilitate this type of research.
Graphical abstract
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