No abstract available
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Τρίτη 24 Ιουλίου 2018
Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 regulates LFA-1 dependent Th1 responses
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2018
Source: Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Cristina Sanchez-Blanco, Fiona Clarke, Georgina H. Cornish, David Depoil, Stephen J. Thompson, Xuezhi Dai, David J. Rawlings, Michael L. Dustin, Rose Zamoyska, Andrew P. Cope, Harriet A. Purvis
Abstract
A missense C1858T single nucleotide polymorphism within PTPN22 is a strong genetic risk factor for the development of multiple autoimmune diseases. PTPN22 encodes a protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates immuno-receptor proximal Src and Syk family kinases. Notably, PTPN22 negatively regulates kinases downstream of T-cell receptor (TCR) and LFA-1, thereby setting thresholds for T-cell activation. Alterations to the quality of TCR and LFA-1 engagement at the immune synapse and the regulation of downstream signals can have profound effects on the type of effector T-cell response induced. Here we describe how IFNγ+ Th1 responses are potentiated in Ptpn22−/− T-cells and in T-cells from mice expressing Ptpn22R619W (the mouse orthologue of the human genetic variant) as they age, or following repeated immune challenge, and explore the mechanisms contributing to the expansion of Th1 cells. Specifically, we uncover two LFA-1-ICAM dependent mechanisms; one T-cell intrinsic, and one T-cell extrinsic. Firstly, we found that in vitro anti-CD3/LFA-1 induced Th1 responses were enhanced in Ptpn22−/− T-cells compared to WT, whereas anti-CD3/anti-CD28 induced IFNy responses were similar. These data were associated with an enhanced ability of Ptpn22−/− T-cells to engage ICAM-1 at the immune synapse when incubated on planar lipid bilayers, and to form conjugates with dendritic cells. Secondly, we observed a T-cell extrinsic mechanism whereby repeated stimulation of WT OT-II T-cells with LPS and OVA323-339 pulsed Ptpn22−/− bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) was sufficient to enhance Th1 cell development compared to WT BMDCs. Furthermore, this response could be reversed by LFA-1 blockade. Our data point to two related but distinct mechanisms by which PTPN22 regulates LFA-1 dependent signals to enhance Th1 development, highlighting how perturbations to PTPN22 function over time to regulate the balance of the immune response.
https://ift.tt/2LjV61f
Optimal strategies for bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater and microalgae biomass production
Abstract
Optimizing the mono-cultivation and mixed cultivation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, and an Ettlia sp. was evaluated for treating nitrate-contaminated groundwater and biomass production. Ettlia sp. showed the highest nutrient assimilation and growth rate among the three microalgae during bioremediation. Light-dark cycle was the effective condition for nutrient removal and COD mitigation by microalgae. Mixed microalgae with a larger presence of the Ettlia sp. exhibited the highest biomass productivity, nitrate-nitrogen, and phosphate-phosphorus removal rates of 0.21 g/L/d, 16.6, and 3.06 mg/L/d, respectively. An N:P mass ratio of 5 was necessary to increase the mixed-microalgal performance. The settling efficiency of the mixed microalgae increased up to 0.55 when using pH modulation during 30 min. Therefore, applying an Ettlia sp.-dominant consortium was the optimum strategy for the bioremediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater in 3 days.
https://ift.tt/2LCFqWj
Scholar : These new articles for Archives and Manuscripts are available online
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Antagonistic effects of Spirulina platensis on diazinon-induced hemato-biochemical alterations and oxidative stress in rats
Abstract
Spirulina platensis (SP) is a traditionally used microalga for a wide range of pharmacological activities, including amelioration of heavy metals and pesticides toxicity. This study evaluated the antioxidant and organoprotective effects of SP against diazinon (DZN)-induced subacute toxicity on the blood, heart, liver, and kidneys of male Wistar albino rats. Diazinon (20 mg/kg, subcutaneous) was administered to animals either alone or along with an oral pure SP powder at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Alterations in hematological and serum biochemical parameters, as well as oxidative stress markers in the hepatic, renal, and cardiac tissues were evaluated, using colorimetric spectrophotometric techniques. The obtained results revealed that in comparison to the control group, DZN-treated rats exhibited significantly lower (p < 0.05) red blood cells and platelets counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, and activities of serum acetylcholinesterase and tissue antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). Meanwhile, biochemical analysis showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) white blood cells count, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and cardiac [creatine kinase (CK) and CK-muscle/brain fraction], hepatic [transaminases and alkaline phosphatase], and renal [uric acid, urea and creatinine] injury markers, and tissue levels of malondialdehyde (a marker of lipid peroxidation) in the DZN-intoxicated group, compared to normal controls. Interestingly, the administration of SP significantly ameliorated the previous hemato-biochemical alterations and mitigated DZN-induced organ injuries and oxidative stress. In conclusion, the natural antioxidant microalga (SP) effectively alleviated the DZN-induced hematologic alterations and organ injuries, probably through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
https://ift.tt/2LCxIeP
President Introductory Letter WSRM 2017
J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667116
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Full text
https://ift.tt/2LGE4Kp
The Boomerang Thigh Flap: Optimizing the Donor Site for an Extended Skin Island Flap
J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667130
Background The anterolateral region of the thigh is one of the most used donor areas for flaps. However, there are cases in which large defects require more than the conventional skin island provided by the anterolateral thigh flap (ALT). For an extended skin island flap, we developed a new boomerang thigh flap (BTF), in which a boomerang design includes perforators from multiple branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), providing a single-pedicle, large, reproducible, and reliable flap. We report the anatomical study and the use of the new BTF in a clinical series. Methods We dissected 20 flaps in fresh cadavers to determine the anatomical landmarks, vascular pedicle pattern, perforator distribution, and BTF flap dissection technique. After achieving a reproducible and reliable technique, with primary closure of the donor site based on the pinch test, the BTF was applied for microsurgical reconstructions in the head and neck, lower limb, and upper limb regions. Results The BTF corresponds to a 45° confluence of the ALT and the tensor fascia lata (TFL) elliptical skin islands. It includes the perforators from the transverse/ascending and the descending branches of the LCFA , which conjoined into a single arterial LCFA pedicle in 85% (17) of the cadaver dissections. All the venous branches drained into a single lateral circumflex femoral vein. ALT perforator distribution followed literature descriptions, while TFL perforators were mainly septocutaneous and projected into a virtual rectangle of 6 × 4 cm at the lateral margin of the TFL. Average BTF dimensions were 40 × 8.6 cm. For the clinical cases, flap dimensions and pedicle characteristics were equivalent to the anatomical findings. The BTF was separated into two skin islands in four cases and no major complications were reported. Conclusion The BTF is a reliable, reproducible, and divisible flap that provides extended skin island for reconstruction of large defects.
[...]
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
https://ift.tt/2JS31x7
Light-sheet microscopy reveals site-specific 3-dimensional patterns of the cutaneous vasculature and pronounced rarefication in aged skin
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2018
Source: Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): Kentaro Kajiya, Ryoma Bise, Catharina Commerford, Imari Sato, Toyonobu Yamashita, Michael Detmar
https://ift.tt/2A4cty1
Scholar : These new articles for Aphasiology are available online
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Scholar : Xenobiotica, Volume 48, Issue 10, October 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Changes in microbial communities during the removal of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in three types of river-based aquifer media
Abstract
Glucocorticoids in sewage treatment plant effluent discharged into rivers could influence microbial community structure in river-based aquifer media and affect groundwater quality. The effect of representative natural and synthetic glucocorticoids, namely, hydrocortisone (CRL) and dexamethasone (DEX), on the microbial communities in three types of river-based aquifer media was evaluated. The aquifer media was taken from the Beijing Chaobai River (BJ), Hebei Hutuo River (HB), and Tianjin Duliujian River (TJ) and they exhibited different physicochemical and biological properties. The attenuation rates of CRL were 0.175, 0.119, and 0.096 day−1 and for DEX were 0.222, 0.151, and 0.113 day−1 in the media from BJ, HB, and TJ, respectively. All the attenuation rates followed first-order kinetics. The biodiversity decreased significantly with CRL and DEX amendment. The microbial community composition differed in relation to the type of aquifer media and glucocorticoids, especially for BJ at the phylum level. In BJ, the major bacterial genus was Bacillus and in HB it was Rhodobacter. However, in TJ, three bacterial genera (Methylophilus, Methylobacillus, and Methylotenera) and Candidatus_Nitrososphaera were predominant in the microflora. All these genera were able to degrade both CRL and DEX. Distance-based redundancy analysis revealed that total organic carbon (TOC), the type of glucocorticoid, and the pH were the main factors explaining the variations in microbial community composition.
https://ift.tt/2LJjG7T
Evaluating the Efficacy and Tolerability of Application of Metaderm Product for the Treatment of Psoriasis
Condition: Psoriasis
Intervention: Drug: Metaderm
Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham
Not yet recruiting
https://ift.tt/2uXDUna
Intervention: Drug: Metaderm
Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham
Not yet recruiting
https://ift.tt/2uXDUna
Efficacy of Osteopathic Manual Therapy Combined With Myofunctional Exercise for Temporomandibular Chronic Disorders
Condition: Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
Interventions: Procedure: Osteopathic Treatment; Procedure: Myofunctional Motor control exercises
Sponsor: Maxilofacial Institute Bara Gaseni
Not yet recruiting
https://ift.tt/2LnjUpi
Interventions: Procedure: Osteopathic Treatment; Procedure: Myofunctional Motor control exercises
Sponsor: Maxilofacial Institute Bara Gaseni
Not yet recruiting
https://ift.tt/2LnjUpi
Study Investigating a Single Oral Dose of Fenebrutinib in Healthy Volunteers
Condition: Healthy Participants
Intervention: Drug: Fenebrutinib
Sponsor: Hoffmann-La Roche
Recruiting
https://ift.tt/2uXDNYM
Intervention: Drug: Fenebrutinib
Sponsor: Hoffmann-La Roche
Recruiting
https://ift.tt/2uXDNYM
Scholar : Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, Volume 76, Issue 6, August 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : Advances in Mental Health, Volume 16, Issue 2, September 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Can China fulfill its commitment to reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the Paris Agreement? Analysis based on a back-propagation neural network
Abstract
Due to the increasingly severe situation regarding adaptation to climate change, global attention has focused on whether China can fulfill its commitment to the Paris Agreement as the largest producer of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this study, the CO2 emissions and CO2 intensities in China during 2030 were forecast using three scenarios, seven indicators, and a back-propagation neural network. Under the business as usual (BAU), strategic planning (SP), and low carbon (LC) scenarios, the predicted CO2 emissions in China during 2030 are 13,908.00, 11,837.60, and 9102.50 million tonnes, respectively, and the predicted CO2 intensities are 1.8652, 1.7405, and 1.5382 when considering carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Furthermore, China cannot fulfill its commitment under the BAU scenario, whereas China will fulfill its commitment on schedule under the SP scenario. Under the LC scenario, China will fulfill its commitment ahead of schedule to reduce the CO2 intensity by 60% in 2025, and it will even reduce the CO2 intensity by 65% in 2030. In addition, if the amounts of CCUS are not considered for measuring the CO2 intensity, China can still fulfill its commitment under the LC scenario, whereas it cannot fulfill its commitment by 2030 under the SP scenario. This study evaluated the fulfillment of China's commitment in the Paris Agreement, demonstrated that CCUS plays an important role in reducing the CO2 intensity, and provided policy suggestions for the Chinese government regarding the reductions of the CO2 intensity.
https://ift.tt/2v0SoD2
Scholar : Criminal Justice Studies, Volume 31, Issue 3, September 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Exposure to insulin degludec during pregnancy: report of a small series and review of the literature
Abstract
Background
Good glycaemic control during pregnancy is key to reduce maternal and foetal complications. Insulin degludec, an ultralong acting analogue with a "peakless" and stable pharmacokinetic profile, has the potential advantage of reducing hypoglycaemia and glucose variability compared to other basal insulins. Therefore, degludec could be a reasonable therapeutic option for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, degludec is not licensed for use during pregnancy owing to the lack of safety data.
Methods and results
We herein report details on pregnancy and foetal outcomes in three women with uncontrolled T1D treated with insulin degludec during the first trimester or the whole pregnancy. In addition, we report an updated review of similar cases reported in literature. Overall, no congenital neonatal malformation was observed in the six cases described. Three babies required neonatal intensive care unit admission for respiratory distress, apnoeas, bilirubin increase or hypoglycaemia. However, the observed neonatal complications were deemed unlikely to be related to degludec treatment.
Conclusions
In summary, while awaiting for the results of an ongoing randomized controlled trial, data on six cases of degludec exposure during pregnancy reassuringly suggest no embryo–foetal toxicity. More information is needed before degludec can be safely recommended during pregnancy.
https://ift.tt/2OepDvt
In situ detection of PR3-ANCA+ B cells and alterations in the variable region of immunoglobulin genes support a role of inflamed tissue in the emergence of auto-reactivity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2018
Source: Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Gesche Weppner, Olena Ohlei, Christoph M. Hammers, Konstanze Holl-Ulrich, Jan Voswinkel, Julia Bischof, Katrin Hasselbacher, Gabriela Riemekasten, Peter Lamprecht, Saleh Ibrahim, Christof Iking-Konert, Andreas Recke, Antje Müller
Abstract
Circulating anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies targeting proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) are a diagnostic and pathogenic hallmark of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). It is, however, incompletely understood if inflamed tissue supports presence or emergence of PR3-ANCA+ B cells. In search of such cells in inflamed tissue of GPA, immunofluorescence staining for IgG and a common PR3-ANCA idiotype (5/7 Id) was undertaken. Few 5/7 Id+/IgG+ B cells were detected in respiratory and kidney tissue of GPA. To gain more insight into surrogate markers possibly indicative of an anti-PR3-response, a meta-analysis comprising IGVH and IGVL genes derived from respiratory tract tissue of GPA (231 clones) was performed. Next generation sequencing-based IGHV genes derived from peripheral blood of healthy donors (244.353 clones) and previously published IGLV genes (148 clones) served as controls. Additionally, Ig genes of three murine and five known human monoclonal anti-PR3 antibodies were analyzed. Primary and probably secondary rearrangements led to altered VDJ usage and an extended complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of IGHV clones from GPA tissue. Selection against amino acid exchanges was prominent in the framework region of IGHV clones from GPA tissue. The comparison of V(D)J rearrangements and deduced amino acid sequences of the CDR3 yielded no identities and few similarities between clones derived from respiratory tissue of GPA and anti-PR3 antibodies, arguing against a presence of B cells that carry PR3-ANCA-prone Ig genes among the clones. In line with the scarcity of 5/7 Id+ B lymphocytes in GPA tissue, the results suggest that with respect to a local anti-PR3 response, methods detecting rare clones are required.
https://ift.tt/2mHKpXK
Combined Brain Mapping and Compact Intraoperative MRI for Brain Tumor Resection
Background: Surgery on patients with lesions in the dominant hemisphere for language is best done with awake language mapping. Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) has also been proposed as an ideal method for tumor resection control in patients with primary brain tumors. Objectives: This study examines the feasibility of low-field iMRI during awake craniotomy and tumor resection. Methods: 36 patients underwent awake resection with a compact iMRI for guidance. Outcomes were grouped using an A–D classification. Outcome A was defined as gross total resection (GTR) without iMRI, B as GTR achieved secondary to iMRI findings, C as resection stopped due to mapping but prior to iMRI, and, finally, D as resection stopped after iMRI had showed residual tumor but subsequent mapping limited further resection. Results: Diagnoses included primary brain tumors in all but 2 patients: 1 had mesial temporal sclerosis and 1 cysticercosis. Overall, outcomes A and D were the most common with 12 patients each, outcome C was the least common occurring in only 3 patients, and outcome B occurred in 9 patients. Hence, in 12 patients, iMRI led to increased tumor resection while in another 12 brain mapping limited the extent of resection. Conclusions: Combined awake language and motor mapping and iMRI guidance is feasible for resection of brain lesions. A compact iMRI has unique advantages for this approach.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
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Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
https://ift.tt/2v2i6XN
Impact of prematurity for pancreatic islet and beta-cell development
As increasing numbers of babies born preterm survive into adulthood, it is becoming clear that, in addition to the well-described risks of neurodevelopmental sequelae, there also are increased risks for non-communicable diseases, including diabetes. Epidemiological studies indicate that risks are increased even for birth at late preterm and early term gestations and for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Thus, factors related to preterm birth likely affect development of the fetal and neonatal beta-cell in addition to effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity. These factors could operate prior to preterm birth and be related to the underlying cause of preterm birth, to the event of being born preterm itself, to the postnatal care of the preterm neonate or to a combination of these exposures. Experimental evidence indicates that factors may be operating during all these critical periods to contribute to altered development of beta-cell mass in those born preterm. Greater understanding of how these factors impact upon development of the pancreas may lead to interventions or management approaches that mitigate the increased risk of later diabetes.
https://ift.tt/2LH13le
cGMP-dependent protein kinase-2 regulates bone mass and prevents diabetic bone loss
NO/cGMP signaling is important for bone remodeling in response to mechanical and hormonal stimuli, but the downstream mediator(s) regulating skeletal homeostasis are incompletely defined. We generated transgenic mice expressing a partly-activated, mutant cGMP-dependent protein kinase type 2 (PKG2R242Q) under control of the osteoblast-specific Col1a1 promoter to characterize the role of PKG2 in post-natal bone formation. Primary osteoblasts from these mice showed a two- to three-fold increase in basal and total PKG2 activity; they proliferated faster and were resistant to apoptosis compared to cells from WT mice. Male Col1a1-Prkg2 R242Q transgenic mice had increased osteoblast numbers, bone formation rates and Wnt/β-catenin-related gene expression in bone and a higher trabecular bone mass compared to their WT littermates. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes suppressed bone formation and caused rapid bone loss in WT mice, but male transgenic mice were protected from these effects. Surprisingly, we found no significant difference in bone micro-architecture or Wnt/β-catenin-related gene expression between female WT and transgenic mice; female mice of both genotypes showed higher systemic and osteoblastic NO/cGMP generation compared to their male counterparts, and a higher level of endogenous PKG2 activity may be responsible for masking effects of the PKG2R242Q transgene in females. Our data support sexual dimorphism in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PKG2 regulation of this crucial pathway in bone homeostasis. This work establishes PKG2 as a key regulator of osteoblast proliferation and post-natal bone formation.
https://ift.tt/2uL8P7a
The role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction and metabolism
Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide with a critical role in the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Kisspeptin is produced by two major populations of neurons located in the hypothalamus, the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V) and arcuate nucleus (ARC). These neurons project to and activate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons (acting via the kisspeptin receptor, Kiss1r) in the hypothalamus and stimulate the secretion of GnRH. Gonadal sex steroids stimulate kisspeptin neurons in the RP3V, but inhibit kisspeptin neurons in the ARC, which is the underlying mechanism for positive- and negative feedback respectively, and it is now commonly accepted that the ARC kisspeptin neurons act as the GnRH pulse generator. Due to kisspeptin's profound effect on the HPG axis, a focus of recent research has been on afferent inputs to kisspeptin neurons and one specific area of interest has been energy balance, which is thought to facilitate effects such as suppressing fertility in those with under- or severe over-nutrition. Alternatively, evidence is building for a direct role for kisspeptin in regulating energy balance and metabolism. Kiss1r-knockout (KO) mice exhibit increased adiposity and reduced energy expenditure. Although the mechanisms underlying these observations are currently unknown, Kiss1r is expressed in adipose tissue and potentially brown adipose tissue (BAT) and Kiss1rKO mice exhibit reduced energy expenditure. Recent studies are now looking at the effects of kisspeptin signalling on behaviour, with clinical evidence emerging of kisspeptin affecting sexual behaviour, further investigation of potential neuronal pathways are warranted.
https://ift.tt/2NFn2cE
STK25 regulates oxidative capacity and metabolic efficiency in adipose tissue
Whole-body energy homeostasis at over-nutrition critically depends on how well adipose tissue remodels in response to excess calories. We recently identified serine/threonine protein kinase (STK)25 as a critical regulator of ectopic lipid storage in non-adipose tissue and systemic insulin resistance in the context of nutritional stress. Here, we investigated the role of STK25 in regulation of adipose tissue dysfunction in mice challenged with a high-fat diet. We found that overexpression of STK25 in high-fat-fed mice resulted in impaired mitochondrial function and aggravated hypertrophy, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in adipose depots. Reciprocally, Stk25-knockout mice displayed improved mitochondrial function and were protected against diet-induced excessive fat storage, meta-inflammation and fibrosis in brown and white adipose tissues. Furthermore, in rodent HIB-1B cell line, STK25 depletion resulted in enhanced mitochondrial activity and consequently, reduced lipid droplet size, demonstrating an autonomous action for STK25 within adipocytes. In summary, we provide the first evidence for a key function of STK25 in controlling the metabolic balance of lipid utilization vs lipid storage in brown and white adipose depots, suggesting that repression of STK25 activity offers a potential strategy for establishing healthier adipose tissue in the context of chronic exposure to dietary lipids.
https://ift.tt/2uL8JMQ
Diet-induced thermogenesis: fake friend or foe?
Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is energy dissipated as heat after a meal, contributing 5–15% to total daily energy expenditure (EE). There has been a long interest in the intriguing possibility that a defect in DIT predisposes to obesity. However, the evidence is conflicting; DIT is usually quantified by indirect calorimetry, which does not measure heat. Using gas exchange, indirect calorimetry measures total post-prandial EE, which comprises heat energy produced from brown adipose tissue (BAT) and energy required for processing and storing nutrients. We questioned whether DIT is reliably quantified by indirect calorimetry by employing infrared thermography to independently assess thermogenesis. Thermogenic activity of BAT was stimulated by cold and by a meal that induced a parallel increase in energy production. These stimulatory effects on BAT thermogenesis were inhibited by glucocorticoids. However, glucocorticoids enhanced postprandial EE in the face of reduced BAT thermogenesis and stimulated lipid synthesis. The increase in EE correlated significantly with the increase in lipogenesis. As energy cannot be destroyed (first law of thermodynamics), the energy that would have been dissipated as heat after a meal is channeled into storage. Post-prandial EE is the sum of heat energy that is lost (true DIT) and chemical energy that is stored. Indirect calorimetry does not reliably quantify DIT. When estimated by indirect calorimetry, assumed DIT can be a friend or foe of energy balance. That gas exchange-derived DIT reflects solely energy dissipation as heat is a false assumption likely to explain the conflicting results on the role of DIT in obesity.
https://ift.tt/2LJkfP0
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Swab Results Did Not Change Treatment or Outcome in Pediatric Spinal Fusion Patients.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Swab Results Did Not Change Treatment or Outcome in Pediatric Spinal Fusion Patients.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018 Jul 20;:
Authors: Nielsen E, Andras LM, Harris LR, Skaggs DL
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) swab results were predictive of surgical site infections (SSIs) in pediatric patients who have undergone spinal fusion.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion between 2004 and 2014 to determine preoperative MRSA colonization status and SSI rates and organisms. Before October 1, 2012, we administered vancomycin to the patients for infection prophylaxis; beginning October 1, 2012, patients received ceftazidime and Ancef (cefazolin for injection; GlaxoSmithKline). We added powdered vancomycin to all bone grafts.
RESULTS: A total of 1,200 patients met inclusion criteria. Of the patients, 2.3% (n = 28 of 1,200) were positive for MRSA, and an SSI developed in 3.1% (n = 37 of 1,200). No significant difference in infection rates was found between patients whose MRSA swab was positive and negative (positive swab = 1 SSI, negative swab = 36 SSIs; P = 0.88). Three SSIs were caused by MRSA.
CONCLUSION: The results of a preoperative MRSA nasal swab had no correlation with SSI rates.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
PMID: 30036217 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The nasopharyngeal microbiota in patients with viral respiratory tract infections is enriched in bacterial pathogens.
| Related Articles |
The nasopharyngeal microbiota in patients with viral respiratory tract infections is enriched in bacterial pathogens.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 22;:
Authors: Edouard S, Million M, Bachar D, Dubourg G, Michelle C, Ninove L, Charrel R, Raoult D
Abstract
The nasopharynx is the primary site of colonization by respiratory pathogen that constitutes the port of entrance in the respiratory tract. The role of mucosal respiratory microbiota in infection has been recently emphasized; therefore, we aimed to assess if a specific respiratory microbiota profile was associated with symptomatic infection and/or with presence of respiratory viruses. We performed a case-control study to characterize the healthy respiratory microbiota and its alteration during acute viral infections. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was applied to 225 nasopharyngeal samples from 177 patients with viral respiratory infection and 48 matched healthy controls. We evidenced an important decrease of bacterial alpha-diversity in patients with symptomatic respiratory infection and a loss of the healthy core microbiota, specifically anaerobes and Prevotella spp. Moreover, eight respiratory pathogens were enriched in these patients, including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Dol osigranulum pigrum and Corynebacterium propinquum/pseudodiphtheriticum, whose role in respiratory infection is unclear. The asymptomatic carrier of influenza harbors a microbiota similar to healthy subjects, suggesting a critical role of microbiota in the clinical expression of viruses. These data suggest that the commensal microbiota plays a significant role in susceptibility to viral infection. The frequent co-detection of virus and bacteria raises the question of a strategy to prevent bacterial disease, focusing on the prevention of nasopharyngeal colonization through effective antibiotic treatment. In addition to antibiotics, further studies should test preventive or therapeutic interventions for maintaining or restoring a healthy nasopharyngeal microbiota.
PMID: 30033505 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
https://ift.tt/2A55hSd
Platelet deficiency in Tpo −/− mice can both promote and suppress the metastasis of experimental breast tumors in an organ-specific manner
Abstract
Platelets are thought to play an important role in metastasis formation, although the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here we studied the influence of platelet numbers on organ-specific metastasis to the lungs and lymph nodes using Tpo deficient mice that have low platelet counts. After tail vein injection of 4T1 breast cancer cells, the number of lung metastases was significantly lower in Tpo−/− mice compared to Tpo+/+ mice. The same was true for the bone-tropic 4T1.2 derivative. In spontaneous orthotopic metastasis assays, 4T1 and 4T1.2 primary tumor growth was not affected by the genotype of the mice. However, the number of 4T1.2 lung metastases was significantly lower in Tpo−/− mice compared to Tpo+/+ mice, whereas the number of 4T1 lung metastases was unaffected. Moreover, in mice bearing 4T1 tumors, lymph node metastases were larger in the Tpo−/− background, and lymph node metastasis frequency was higher in Tpo−/− mice bearing 4T1.2 tumors compared to that in wild-type mice. Enhanced lymph node metastasis in Tpo−/− mice was not associated with changes in peritumoral lymphatic vessel density in the primary tumors. Together, our data indicate that platelets do not affect primary tumor growth in this breast cancer model, but can differentially influence site-specific metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs.
https://ift.tt/2LFQoqL
The Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography to Assess Periodontal Biotype
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Periodontal biotype is a concept with great relevance to clinical practice. Although numerous factors contribute to determining biotype, including soft/hard tissue thickness, soft/hard tissue contours, amount of keratinized tissue, and tooth shape, gingival thickness has been mostly utilized. The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been recently proposed as a state-of-the-art approach for assessing periodontal biotypes because it provides information relative to both soft and hard tissue dimensions.
Recent Findings
When used in conjunction with lip retraction or a dual-scan technique, reliable and reproducible measurements of gingival and alveolar thickness can be made on CBCT scans, with the potential to aid in periodontal biotype assessment.
Summary
While current data support the potential use of CBCT for periodontal biotype assessment, the technology in its current state should be used primarily for investigational purposes. The cost and radiation dose need to be considered and additional research is required before implementation into clinical practice.
https://ift.tt/2OdWMaH
The Energy Density and Treatment Times Are the Main Factors That Affect the Efficacy of Long-Pulsed 1,064-nm Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Onychomycosis Caused by Trichophyton rubrum
Background: No optimal regimen exists for the LPNYL (long-pulsed 1,064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser) for treating onychomycosis. Objective: To establish an optimal LPNYL treatment regimen for onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum (OCTr). Patients and Methods: First, 511 infected nails of 177 patients were treated using LPNYL with orthogonally designed regimens according to various energy densities, spot sizes, pulse widths, and treatment times. The optimal treatment regimen was established by multivariate analysis. Next, 69 patients with 221 infected nails were randomized to receive oral itraconazole (drug group) and the optimal regimen of LPNYL treatment (laser group). The clinical efficacy (CE) and mycological efficacy (ME) were evaluated at 6 and 12 months following the start of treatment, and adverse reactions were recorded in both groups. Results: Both CE and ME were significantly correlated with the energy density (p #x3c; 0.05) and treatment times (p #x3c; 0.05), but not with the spot size (0.071 #x3c; p #x3c; 0.083) or pulse width (0.051 #x3c; p #x3c; 0.060), at 6 or 12 months. There were no significant differences at 6 or 12 months (p #x3e; 0.05), and no significant difference was observed in CE at 12 months between the two groups (p #x3e; 0.05). At 6 months, the CE in the laser group was significantly higher than that in the drug group (p #x3c; 0.001). Conclusions: LPNYL is effective and safe for treating OCTr. The energy density and treatment times are the main factors that affect the efficacy. The optimal regimen for LPNYL is an energy density of 45 J/cm2, pulse width of 35 ms, spot size of 4 mm, frequency of 1 Hz, and 6 treatments with 1-week intervals. Laser treatment has rapid clinical recovery.
Dermatology
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Dermatology
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Radiofrequency Thalamotomy for Drug-Refractory Essential Tremor
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
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Scholar : New articles have been published for Journal of Natural History, Volume 52, Issue 27-28
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Scholar : Myringotomy and tubes - νέα αποτελέσματα
[HTML] Consultation diagnoses and procedures billed among recent graduates practicing general otolaryngology–head & neck surgery in Ontario, Canada
A Eskander, P Campisi, IJ Witterick, DD Pothier - Journal of Otolaryngology-Head & …, 2018
… high volume of fiberoptic examination (35%), ear debridement for cerumen
and debridement of mastoid cavities under the microscope (11 and 8%
respectively), and myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tubes (3%) …
and debridement of mastoid cavities under the microscope (11 and 8%
respectively), and myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tubes (3%) …
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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines turning the tide on inequity–a retrospective cohort study of New Zealand children born 2006-2015
H Petousis-Harris, AS Howe, P Janine, N Turner… - Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2018
… Health Interventions codes 41632-00 Myringotomy with insertion of tube, unilateral and
41632-01 Myringotomy with insertion of tube, bilateral. Age of hospitalisation was
determined from the NHI date of birth and NMDS date of admission …
41632-01 Myringotomy with insertion of tube, bilateral. Age of hospitalisation was
determined from the NHI date of birth and NMDS date of admission …
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HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
N Ritchie, A Robertson - Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck …, 2018
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[PDF] Syncope and Influenza B, a case of an arresting association?
A Lucerna, J Lee, J Espinosa, A Lucerna
… The patient's past medical history was notable for obstructive sleep apnea.
He had myringotomy tubes as a child but no other surgeries. He
occasionally smoked cigars, drank alcohol socially and had no history …
He had myringotomy tubes as a child but no other surgeries. He
occasionally smoked cigars, drank alcohol socially and had no history …
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