Effects of single- and double-layered resorbable membranes and platelet-rich fibrin on bone healing

Abstract

Objectives

Research has been ongoing on achieving optimum bone healing in the reconstruction of bone loss. Clinically, soft tissue migration into the already existing bone defects is the leading cause of unfavourable bone healing. Platelet-rich fibrin, a recent material that is used to promote bone healing, was compared with single- and double-layered resorbable collagen membranes to determine whether a healing protocol which increases patient comfort is possible.

Materials and methods

Sixty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into five main groups as a sacrification group, a control group, and three experimental groups. The bone defects experimental group 1 were covered with a single-layer collagen membrane, and experimental group 2 were covered with the double-layered collagen membrane. Defects on the experimental group 3 were covered with platelet-rich fibrin membranes which were derived from the sacrification group. The animals in the main groups were also divided into eight subgroups arranged by sacrification periods on day 7 and day 28.

Results

Statistical analysis of our study revealed that new bone formation in experimental group 3 was significantly higher than in other groups. Fibrosis was found to be lower in experimental group 3 than in any other group. No significant differences were found between experimental group 1 and the control group.

Conclusion

Platelet-rich fibrin, which can be used as an autologous membrane which promotes bone healing, yields better clinical result compared to collagen membranes.

Clinical relevance

Histopathologic evaluation has been carried out regarding the effect of platelet-rich fibrin and collagen membranes applied on bone recovery. Our objective is to contribute to barrier membrane studies that continue to guide and accelerate bone recovery.

https://ift.tt/2ETl7wh

Effect of bleaching agent extracts on murine macrophages

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the influence of bleaching agents on immunologically cell surface antigens of murine macrophages in vitro.

Materials and methods

RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to bleaching gel extracts (40% hydrogen peroxide or 20% carbamide peroxide) and different H₂O₂ concentrations after 1 and 24-h exposure periods and 1-h exposure and 23-h recovery. Tests were performed with and without N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The expression of surface markers CD14, CD40, and CD54 with and without LPS stimulation was detected by flow cytometry, while the production of TNF-α was measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05).

Results

Extracts of bleaching agents were cytotoxic for cells after a 1-h exposure; cells could not recover after 24 h. This effect can be mitigated by the antioxidant NAC and increased by BSO, an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. LPS stimulated expression of all surface markers and TNF-α production. Exposure to bleaching agent extracts and H₂O₂ leads to a reduction of TNF-α, CD14, and CD40 expression, while the expression of CD54 was upregulated at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Whereas NAC reduced this effect, it was increased in the presence of BSO.

Conclusions

Extracts of bleaching agents were irreversibly cytotoxic to macrophages after a 1-h exposure. Only the expression of CD54 was upregulated. The reactions are mediated by the non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH.

Clinical relevance

The addition of an antioxidant can downregulate unfavorable effects of dental bleaching.

https://ift.tt/2JTVy1Z

Lack of association between ENAM gene polymorphism and dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in Czech children

Abstract

Objectives

The enamelin gene (ENAM) polymorphism (rs12640848) was recently associated with dental caries in primary teeth in Polish children. The aims of the present study were to prove this association in primary dentition and to find a possible effect of this variant on caries development in permanent dentition in Czech children.

Materials and methods

This study comprised 905 Czech children. Totally, 187 children aged 2–6 years with primary dentition [78 healthy subjects (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, dmft = 0) and 109 patients with early childhood caries (ECC; dmft ≥ 1)] were included in this case-control study. In addition, 177 subjects aged 13–15 years without caries (DMFT = 0) and 541 children with dental caries (DMFT ≥ 1) in permanent dentition were selected from the ELSPAC study. Genotype determination of the ENAM polymorphism (rs12640848) was based on the TaqMan method.

Results

No significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies between the caries-free children and those affected by dental caries were observed in both primary and permanent dentitions.

Conclusions

Lack of association between the ENAM polymorphism (rs12640848) and dental caries in Czech children was detected.

Clinical relevance

Although ENAM is considered as a candidate gene for dental caries, the presence of the ENAM variant (rs12640848) cannot be used as a risk factor of this multifactorial disease in the Czech population.

https://ift.tt/2EVN32w

Evaluation of the interface between gutta-percha and two types of sealers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation of a calcium silicate bioceramic (BC) sealer with either BC or conventional gutta-percha compared with that of AH Plus sealer in different root canal sections.

Materials and methods

Seventy-two extracted mandibular premolars were divided randomly into six groups. After standardised chemomechanical preparation, four groups were obturated with the BC sealer and BC gutta-percha or conventional gutta-percha, and the other two groups were obturated with AH Plus sealer and conventional gutta-percha either in lateral compaction or in a single cone technique. Each root was sectioned into three sections. An impression was made from each section, and replicas were then made for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Areas and interfacial gaps were identified using image analysis software. In addition to descriptive and explorative data analyses, linear regression analysis was performed.

Results

All specimens had measurable interfacial gaps. Significantly fewer gaps were found between conventional gutta-percha and sealer compared to those observed when using the BC gutta-percha (p < 0.001). However, minor interfacial gaps between sealer and dentin were observed with the BC sealer (p = 0.04). The technique of obturation in different root canal sections did not significantly affect the sealer adaptability.

Conclusion

The type of gutta-percha as well as the sealer had a noticeable impact on the adaptability.

Clinical relevance

Different obturation techniques will result in similar outcomes. However, within the limitations of the study, there seems to be no advantage in using the BC gutta-percha.

https://ift.tt/2JSGTEa

Prevention of coronal discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic treatment in an ex vivo model

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sealing the pulp chamber walls with a dentin-bonding agent (DBA) on prevention of discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) in an ex vivo model.

Materials and methods

Ninety-six bovine incisors were prepared and randomly divided into two groups. In one group, the pulp chamber walls were sealed with DBA before placement of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) containing minocycline inside the root canals, but in the other group, DBA was not applied. After 4 weeks, the root canals were filled with human blood and each group was then randomly divided into four subgroups (n = 12) according to the endodontic cements placed over the blood clot (ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA, RetroMTA, or Biodentine). The color changes (∆E) were measured at different steps. The data were analyzed using t test and two-way ANOVA.

Results

The specimens in which dentinal walls of pulp chamber were sealed with DBA showed significantly less coronal discoloration at each step of regenerative treatment (p < 0.001). However, application of DBA did not completely prevent the clinically perceptible coronal color change. Sealing the blood clot with different endodontic cements did not result in significant difference in coronal discoloration (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Sealing the pulp chamber walls before insertion of TAP decreased coronal discoloration following REP using different endodontic cements but did not prevent it.

Clinical relevance

Discoloration of teeth undergoing REPs is an unfavorable outcome. Considering the significant contribution of TAP containing minocycline to the coronal tooth discoloration even after sealing the pulp chamber walls, the revision of current guidelines in relation to the use of TAP with minocycline might need to be revised.

https://ift.tt/2EWkvWL

Oral cancer radiotherapy affects enamel microhardness and associated indentation pattern morphology

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of in vitro and in vivo high-dose radiotherapy on microhardness and associated indentation pattern morphology of enamel.

Materials and methods

The inner, middle, and outer microhardness of enamel was evaluated using three experimental groups: control (non-radiated); in vitro irradiated; in vivo irradiated. In vitro specimens were exposed to simulated radiotherapy, and in vivo specimens were extracted teeth from oral cancer patients previously treated with radiotherapy. Indentations were measured via SEM images to calculate microhardness values and to assess the mechanomorphological properties of enamel before and after radiotherapy.

Results

Middle and outer regions of enamel demonstrated a significant decrease in microhardness after in vitro and in vivo irradiation compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Two indentation patterns were observed: pattern A—presence of microcracks around indent periphery, which represents local dissipation of deformation energy; pattern B—clean, sharp indents. The percentage of clean microindentation patterns, compared to controls, was significantly higher following in vitro and in vivo irradiation in all enamel regions. The highest percentage of clean microindentations (65%) was observed in the in vivo irradiated group in the inner region of enamel near the dentin-enamel junction.

Conclusions

For the first time, this study shows that in vitro and in vivo irradiation alters enamel microhardness. Likewise, the indentation pattern differences suggest that enamel may become more brittle following in vitro and in vivo irradiation.

Clinical relevance

The mechanomorphological property changes of enamel following radiation may be a contributory component of pathologic enamel delamination following oral cancer radiotherapy.

https://ift.tt/2JSfh22

Development of a novel bioactive glass for air-abrasion to selectively remove orthodontic adhesives

Abstract

Objectives

To develop a novel, bioactive glass for removing residual orthodontic adhesive via air-abrasion, following bracket debonding, and to evaluate its effectiveness against a proprietary bioactive glass 45S5(Sylc™)-air-abrasion, and a slow-speed tungsten carbide (TC) bur.

Materials and methods

Three glasses were prepared and their bioactivity was proved. One novel glass (QMAT3) was selected due to its appropriate hardness, lower than that of enamel/45S5(Sylc™). Sixty extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to adhesive removal using: (a) QMAT3-air-abrasion, (b) 45S5(Sylc™)-air-abrasion, and (c) TC bur, which were further subdivided (n = 10) based on the adhesive used (Transbond XT™ or Fuji Ortho LC™). Enamel roughness was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and non-contact profilometry before bracket bonding, after removing residual adhesive following bracket debonding and after polishing.

Results

QMAT3 formed apatite faster (6 h) than 45S5(Sylc™) (24 h) in Tris solution. QMAT3-air-abrasion gave the lowest enamel roughness (Ra) after removing the adhesives. SEM images showed a pitted, roughened enamel surface in the TC bur group and to a lesser extent with 45S5(Sylc™), while a virtually smooth surface without any damage was observed in the QMAT3-air-abrasion group. The time taken for adhesive removal with QMAT3 was comparable to 45S5(Sylc™) but was twice as long with the TC bur.

Conclusions

QMAT3-air-abrasion is a promising technique for selective removal of adhesives without inducing tangible enamel damage.

Clinical relevance

A novel bioactive glass has been developed as an alternative to the use of TC burs for orthodontic adhesive removal.

https://ift.tt/2EVx9pc

LncRNA LINC00152 promoted glioblastoma progression through targeting the miR-107 expression

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) LINC00152 plays important roles in the progression of some tumors. However, the role of LINC00152 in human l glioblastoma is still unknown. In this study, we indicated that LINC00152 expression level was upregulated in glioblastoma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of LINC00152 promoted the U87 and LN229 cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, overexpression of LINC00152 suppressed the E-cadherin expression, where ectopic expression of LINC00152 promoted the N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail expression. These results suggested that LINC00152 enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in the glioblastoma cell. Overexpression of LINC00152 suppressed the miR-107 expression in the U87 cell and enhanced the HMGA2 expression, which is a direct target gene of miR-107. In addition, we showed that the miR-107 expression was downregulated in the glioblastoma tissues and cell lines. Interesting, the expression of LINC00152 was negatively related with miR-107 expression in the glioblastoma tissues. Furthermore, LINC00152 promoted the glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion through inhibiting miR-107 expression. These data suggested that LINC00152 acted as oncogene roles in the glioblastoma cell partly through targeting the miR-107 expression.

https://ift.tt/2J5JF7U

Issue Information

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, Volume 45, Issue 5, May 2018.


https://ift.tt/2HxWniy

Singlet oxygen evolution from layered transition metal oxide cathode materials and its implications for lithium-ion batteries

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Johannes Wandt, Anna T.S. Freiberg, Alexander Ogrodnik, Hubert A. Gasteiger
For achieving higher energy density lithium-ion batteries, the improvement of cathode active materials is crucial. The most promising cathode materials are nickel-rich layered oxides LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) and over lithiated NCM (often called HE-NCM). Unfortunately, the full capacity of NCM cannot be utilized due to its limited cycle-life at high state-of-charge (SOC), while HE-NCM requires high voltages. By operando emission spectroscopy, we show for the first time that highly reactive singlet oxygen is released when charging NCM and HE-NCM to an SOC beyond ≈80%. In addition, on-line mass-spectrometry reveals the evolution of CO and CO2 once singlet oxygen is detected, providing significant evidence for the reaction between singlet oxygen and electrolyte to be a chemical reaction. It is controlled by the SOC rather than by potential, as would be the case for a purely electrochemical electrolyte oxidation. Singlet oxygen formation therefore imposes a severe challenge to the development of high-energy batteries based on layered oxide cathodes, shifting the focus of research from electrochemically stable 5 V-electrolytes to chemical stability toward singlet oxygen.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2HvaCEL

Microfluidic generation of transient cell volume exchange for convectively driven intracellular delivery of large macromolecules

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Anna Liu, Muhymin Islam, Nicholas Stone, Vikram Varadarajan, Jenny Jeong, Samuel Bowie, Peng Qiu, Edmund K. Waller, Alexander Alexeev, Todd Sulchek
Efficient intracellular delivery of target macromolecules remains a major obstacle in cell engineering and other biomedical applications. We discovered a unique cell biophysical phenomenon of transient cell volume exchange using microfluidics to rapidly and repeatedly compress cells. This behavior consists of brief, mechanically induced cell volume loss followed by rapid volume recovery. We harness this behavior for high-throughput, convective intracellular delivery of large polysaccharides (2000 kDa), particles (100 nm), and plasmids while maintaining high cell viability. Successful proof of concept experiments in transfection and intracellular labeling demonstrated potential to overcome the most prohibitive challenges in intracellular delivery for cell engineering.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2vnJ67x

Correction to: Formation of brominated and chlorinated dioxins and its prevention during a pilot test of mechanochemical treatment of PCB and PBDE contaminated soil

Abstract

The destruction of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) is a large challenge in particular in developing and emerging economies.

https://ift.tt/2qGSGNc

Comparison of different advanced degradation processes for the removal of the pharmaceutical compounds diclofenac and carbamazepine from liquid solutions

Abstract

Carbamazepine and diclofenac are two examples of drugs with widespread geographical and environmental media proliferation that are poorly removed by traditional wastewater treatment processes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been proposed as alternative methods to remove these compounds in solution. AOPs are based on a wide class of powerful technologies, including UV radiation, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, Fenton process, catalytic wet peroxide oxidation, heterogeneous photocatalysis, electrochemical oxidation and their combinations, sonolysis, and microwaves applicable to both water and wastewater. Moreover, processes rely on the production of oxidizing radicals (•OH and others) in a solution to decompose present pollutants. Water radiolysis-based processes, which are an alternative to the former, involve the use of concentrated energy (beams of accelerated electrons or γ-rays) to split water molecules, generating strong oxidants and reductants (radicals) at the same time. In this paper, the degradation of carbamazepine and diclofenac by means of all these processes is discussed and compared. Energy and byproduct generation issues are also addressed.

https://ift.tt/2H9ULwl

Allocating on coal consumption and CO 2 emission from fair and efficient perspective: empirical analysis on provincial panel data of China

Abstract

This paper considers a problem of how to allocate resource effectively and equitably among provinces. To address the problem, a total factor resource input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is used to evaluate the energy and environmental efficiency for 30 provinces in China during 2009–2013 in this paper. Based on the evaluation results, from efficient and fair perspective, a revised DEA-based resource allocation model is established. It is worth pointing out that the model takes the input orientation and output orientation into account at the same time and can be used to allocate coal consumption and carbon emission by 2020 for 30 provinces in China. Results indicate that if the Chinese government wants to fulfill the CO₂ emission reduction targets of 40–45% by 2020, and coal consumption intensity reduction target during 13th Five-Year Plan, inefficient provinces will undertake more coal consumption and carbon emission intensity reduction obligation share. And provinces with historical high coal consumption and high CO₂ emission intensity will have greater potential of coal consumption and carbon emission intensity reduction. In addition, this paper set several scenarios of gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, under the scenarios analysis, finds the growth rate of GDP has negative effect on reduction of coal consumption and carbon dioxide emissions intensity. This research provides more realistic practical significance for achieving sustainable economic development.

https://ift.tt/2qHJx6T

Towards tailored management of malignant brain tumors with nanotheranostics

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Juan Aparicio-Blanco, Ana-Isabel Torres-Suárez
Malignant brain tumors still represent an unmet medical need given their rapid progression and often fatal outcome within months of diagnosis. Given their extremely heterogeneous nature, the assumption that a single therapy could be beneficial for all patients is no longer plausible. Hence, early feedback on drug accumulation at the tumor site and on tumor response to treatment would help tailor therapies to each patient's individual needs for personalized medicine. In this context, at the intersection between imaging and therapy, theranostic nanomedicine is a promising new technique for individualized management of malignant brain tumors. Although brain nanotheranostics has yet to be translated into clinical practice, this field is now a research hotspot due to the growing demand for personalized therapies. In this review, the barriers to the clinical implementation of theranostic nanomedicine for tracking tumor responses to treatment and for guiding stimulus-activated therapies and surgical resection of malignant brain tumors are discussed. Likewise, the criteria that nanotheranostic systems need to fulfil to become clinically relevant formulations are analyzed in depth, focusing on theranostic agents already tested in vivo. Currently, magnetic nanoparticles exploiting brain targeting strategies represent the first generation of preclinical theranostic nanomedicines for the management of malignant brain tumors.Statement of significanceThe development of nanocarriers that can be used both in imaging studies and the treatment of brain tumors could help identify which patients are most and least likely to respond to a given treatment. This will enable clinicians to adapt the therapy to the needs of the patient and avoid overdosing non-responders. Given the many different approaches to non-invasive techniques for imaging and treating brain tumors, it is important to focus on the strategies most likely to be implemented and to design the most feasible theranostic biomaterials that will bring nanotheranostics one step closer to clinical practice.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2ET50Pj

An asymmetric chitosan scaffold for tendon tissue engineering: in vitro and in vivo evaluation with rat tendon stem/progenitor cells

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Erman Chen, Ling Yang, Chenyi Ye, Wei Zhang, Jisheng Ran, Deting Xue, Zhengke Wang, Zhijun Pan, Qiaoling Hu
The poor healing capacity and typically incomplete regeneration of injured tendons has made tendon repair as a primary clinical concern. Several methods for repairing injured tendons have been developed in the last decade. Tendon regeneration using current tissue engineering techniques requires advanced biomaterials to satisfy both microstructural and mechanical criteria. In this study, a novel chitosan (CS)-based scaffold with asymmetric structure was fabricated using a self-deposition technique. The fabricated scaffolds were assessed with regard to the microstructural and mechanical demands of cell ingrowth and the prevention of peritendinous adhesion. In vitro studies showed that rat tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) seeded onto the CS scaffold displayed higher levels of tenogenic specific genes expression and protein production. Four and six weeks after the implantation of CS scaffolds on full-site Achilles tendon defects, in vivo tendon repair was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and mechanical measurements. The production of collagen I (COL1) and collagen III (COL3) demonstrated that the CS scaffolds were capable of inducing conspicuous tenogenic differentiation, higher tenomodulin (TNMD) production, and superior phenotypic maturity, compared with the empty defect group. The introduction of TSPCs into the CS scaffold resulted in a synergistic effect on tendon regeneration and yielded better-aligned collagen fibers with elongated, spindle-shaped cells. These findings indicated that the application of TSPC-seeded CS scaffolds would be a feasible approach for tendon repair.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2JTEFED

The role of the micro-pattern and nano-topography of hydroxyapatite bioceramics on stimulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Publication date: Available online 18 April 2018
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Cancan Zhao, Xiaoya Wang, Long Gao, Linguo Jing, Quan Zhou, Jiang Chang
The micro/nano hybrid structure is considered to be a biomaterial characteristic to stimulate osteogenesis by mimicking the three-dimensional structure of the bone matrix. However, the mechanism of the hybrid structure induced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells is still unknown. For elucidating the mechanisms, one of the challenge is to directly fabricate micro/nano hybrid structure on bioceramics because of its brittleness. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with the micro/nano hybrid structure were firstly fabricated via a hydrothermal treatment and template method, and the effect of the different surface structures on the expression of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathways and cell-cell communication was investigated. Interestingly, the results suggested that the osteogenic differentiation induced by micro/nano structures was modulated first through activating integrins and then further activating BMP2 signaling pathway and cell-cell communication, while activated BMP2 could in turn activate integrins and Cx43-related cell-cell communication. Furthermore, differences in activation of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathway, and gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication were observed, in which nanorod and micropattern structures activated different integrin subunits, BMP downstream receptors and Cx43. This finding may explain the synergistic effect of the micro/nano hybrid structure on the activation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Based on our study, we concluded that the different activation mechanisms of micro- and nano-structures led to the synergistic stimulatory effect on integrin activation and osteogenesis, in which not only the direct contact of cells on micro/nano structure played an important role, but also other surface characteristics such as protein adsorption might contribute to the bioactive effect.Statement of SignificanceThe micro/nano hybrid structure has been found to have synergistic bioactivity on osteogenesis. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate the hybrid structure directly on the bioceramics, and the role of micro- and nano-structure, in particular the mechanism of the micro/nano-hybrid structure induced stem cell differentiation is still unknown. In this study, we firstly fabricated hydroxyapatite bioceramics with the micro/nano hybrid structure, and then investigated the effect of different surface structure on expression of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathways and cell-cell communication. Interestingly, we found that the osteogenic differentiation induced by structure was modulated first through activating integrins and then further activating BMP2 signaling pathway and cell-cell communication, and activated BMP2 could in turn activate some integrin subunits and Cx43-related cell-cell communication. Furthermore, differences in activation of integrins, BMP2 signaling pathway, and gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication were observed, in which nanorod and micropattern structures activated different integrin subunits, BMP downstream receptors and Cx43. This finding may explain the synergistic effect of the micro/nano hybrid structure on the activation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Based on our study, we concluded that the different activation mechanisms of micro- and nano-structures led to the synergistic stimulatory effect on integrin activation and osteogenesis, in which not only the direct contact of cells on micro/nano structure played an important role, but also other surface characteristics such as protein adsorption might contribute to the bioactive effect.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2EVwunv

Identification of specific sources of airborne particles emitted from within a complex industrial (steelworks) site

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 183
Author(s): D.C.S. Beddows, Roy M. Harrison
A case study is provided of the development and application of methods to identify and quantify specific sources of emissions from within a large complex industrial site. Methods include directional analysis of concentrations, chemical source tracers and correlations with gaseous emissions. Extensive measurements of PM10, PM2.5, trace gases, particulate elements and single particle mass spectra were made at sites around the Port Talbot steelworks in 2012. By using wind direction data in conjunction with real-time or hourly-average pollutant concentration measurements, it has been possible to locate areas within the steelworks associated with enhanced pollutant emissions. Directional analysis highlights the Slag Handling area of the works as the most substantial source of elevated PM10 concentrations during the measurement period. Chemical analyses of air sampled from relevant wind directions is consistent with the anticipated composition of slags, as are single particle mass spectra. Elevated concentrations of PM10 are related to inverse distance from the Slag Handling area, and concentrations increase with increased wind speed, consistent with a wind-driven resuspension source. There also appears to be a lesser source associated with Sinter Plant emissions affecting PM10 concentrations at the Fire Station monitoring site. The results are compared with a ME2 study using some of the same data, and shown to give a clearer view of the location and characteristics of emission sources, including fugitive dusts.



https://ift.tt/2EVsMKw

Dietary patterns and serum of DDT concentrations among reproductive-aged group of women in Bangladesh

Abstract

This research was conducted in order to propose ways to reduce human exposure to DDT, especially for women of reproductive age in Bangladesh, and to find a relation between DDT exposure levels in serum and questionnaire information including sociodemographic and food frequency (FFQ). In this study, a significant relationship was found between the education level and BMI, and the serum p,p′-DDE concentration. This result suggests that people with higher education (relating to higher income) and BMI in Bangladesh actively buy expensive foodstuff, like meat and/or fatty fish, which relates to a higher fat intake. Additionally, a weak positive relationship between p,p′-DDE concentration in serum and the frequency of beef consumption was observed among the nullipara women subgroup. In a previous study, beef and fish showed large contributions on DDT intake of Bangladesh population. Those results suggest that the control of fatty food consumption such as meat (beef) and marine fish might help to regulate the levels of DDT.

https://ift.tt/2qEQHtz

Sub-lethal ultraviolet B irradiation and Poly I:C treatment synergistically induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells through NF-κB pathway

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 99
Author(s): Wuxiyar Otkur, Weiwei Liu, Jinda Wang, Xingfan Jia, Dianchao Huang, Fang Wang, Toshihiko Hayashi, Shin-ichi Tashiro, Satoshi Onodera, Takashi Ikejima
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation exerts multiple effects on skin cells, inducing apoptosis, senescence and carcinogenesis. Toll-like receptor 3, a member of pattern recognition receptors, is reported to initiate inflammation by recognizing double-strand RNA (dsRNA) released from UVB-irradiated cells. It has not been studied, however, whether apoptosis induction in UVB irradiation is attributed to TLR3 activation. Here, we report on the pro-apoptotic role of TLR3 in UVB-irradiated epidermal cells. Poly I:C, an analogue of dsRNA that activates TLR3, was used in combination with sub-lethal UVB (4.8 mJ/cm²) irradiation for investigating the effects of TLR3 activation on human immortalized keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Although sub-lethal dose of either Poly I:C or UVB alone did not induce cell death, UVB-Poly I:C co-treatment synergistically induced cell death by activation of caspase-3 and cleavages of ICAD and PARP, with apoptotic features when stained with Annexin V/PI or Hoechst 33342. Treatment with pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD, attenuated UVB-Poly I:C-induced cell death. Silencing TLR3 by siRNA rescued HaCaT cells from UVB-Poly I:C-induced apoptosis. NF-κB, a major downstream component of TLR3 pathway, that usually negatively regulates the classical TLR3 apoptotic pathway, was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The results indicate to our surprise that NF-κB is translocated to nucleus in the cells co-treated with UVB-Poly I:C. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB is attenuated by TLR3 silencing. Treatment with BAY, an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway, blocked UVB-Poly I:C-induced apoptosis. Therefore, we conclude that NF-κB pathway plays a cytotoxic role in UVB-Poly I:C-treated HaCaT cells, mediating TLR3-related apoptosis.



https://ift.tt/2HHgnNx

Molecular pathways for antigenic peptide generation by ER aminopeptidase 1

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Molecular Immunology
Author(s): Anastasia Mpakali, Zachary Maben, Lawrence J. Stern, Efstratios Stratikos
Endoplasmic Reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an intracellular enzyme that can generate or destroy potential peptide ligands for MHC class I molecules. ERAP1 activity influences the cell-surface immunopeptidome and epitope immunodominance patterns but in complex and poorly understood manners. Two main distinct pathways have been proposed to account for ERAP1's effects on the nature and quantity of MHCI-bound peptides: i) ERAP1 trims peptides in solution, generating the correct length for binding to MHCI or overtrimming peptides so that they are too short to bind, and ii) ERAP1 trims peptides while they are partially bound onto MHCI in manner that leaves the peptide amino terminus accessible. For both pathways, once an appropriate length peptide is generated it could bind conventionally to MHCI, competing with further trimming by ERAP1. The two pathways, although not necessarily mutually exclusive, provide distinct vantage points for understanding of the rules behind the generation of the immunopeptidome. Resolution of the mechanistic details of ERAP1-mediated antigenic peptide generation can have important consequences for pharmacological efforts to regulate the immunopeptidome for therapeutic applications, and for understanding association of ERAP1 alleles with susceptibility to autoimmune disease and cancer. We review current evidence in support of these two pathways and discuss their relative importance and potential complementarity.



https://ift.tt/2H8ySJn

Spreading of Sn-Ag-Ti and Sn-Ag-Ti(-Al) solder droplets on the surface of porous graphite through ultrasonic vibration

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 150
Author(s): Weiyuan Yu, Yun Liu, Xinya Liu
The spreading process of an active solder droplet on porous graphite surface was captured by using high-speed camera. The spreading characteristics of the Sn5Ag8Ti and Sn5Ag2Ti1Al active solder under ultrasonic vibrations were analysed. The results showed that applying ultrasonic waves during the soldering process enable the active solder to spread on the graphite surface at a relatively low temperature under atmospheric condition. Initially, the solder spread slowly on the graphite surface in the direction opposite to that of the ultrasonic wave transmission because of the rapid attenuation of ultrasonic amplitude on the surface of the graphite. Then graphite pores were rapidly filled with solder under the action of ultrasonic vibration, which prevented the ultrasonic attenuation. Subsequently, the solder spread out rapidly along the direction of transmission. In addition, the spreading distance and rate of Sn5Ag8Ti were significantly less than that of Sn5Ag2Ti1Al solder, which was determined by the composition and thickness of the oxide film on the surface of the active solder.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2qFxbMM

Corrigendum to “High hardness and retained austenite stability in Si-bearing hypereutectoid steel through new heat treatment design principles” [Mater. Des. 142 (2018) 279–287]

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 150
Author(s): T. Sourmail, F.G. Caballero, F. Moudian, D. De Castro, M. Benito




https://ift.tt/2H6tSJj

Radiation-induced extreme elastic and inelastic interactions in concentrated solid solutions

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 150
Author(s): Ritesh Sachan, Mohammad W. Ullah, Matthew F. Chisholm, Jie Liu, Pengfei Zhai, Daniel Schauries, Patrick Kluth, Christina Trautman, Hongbin Bei, William J. Weber, Yanwen Zhang
One of the biggest challenges in the radiation induced defect science is to understand the complex nature of ion-atom interactions under highly extreme conditions. Here, we report the irradiation induced non-equilibrium defect formation in NiCoCr single phase concentrated solid solution alloy due to (i) the extreme inelastic and (ii) the coupled inelastic and elastic ion-atom interactions. These two conditions are achieved at 5 and 30μm penetration depths along the paths of swift heavy ions (1.542GeV Bi). In general, the irradiation induced damage consists of interstitial-type dislocation loops and vacancy-type stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT). Near the surface (~5μm) where electronic energy loss is dominating (~62.5keVnm⁻¹), the atomic motion primarily results in the formation of SFT. A noticeable increase of dislocation loop formation is observed at 30μm near the maximum energy deposition from elastic interactions (~4.9keVnm⁻¹), as compared to the near surface region (~0.06keVnm⁻¹). Insights on the complex electronic and atomic correlations of extreme energy deposition and dissipation on defect dynamics and structural stability may pave the way for new design principles of radiation–tolerant structural alloys.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2qFrZbH

The effect of laser focus shift on microstructural variation of Inconel 718 produced by selective laser melting

Publication date: 5 July 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 149
Author(s): Tait D. McLouth, Glenn E. Bean, David B. Witkin, Scott D. Sitzman, Paul M. Adams, Dhruv N. Patel, Woonsup Park, Jenn-Ming Yang, Rafael J. Zaldivar
Selective laser melting is gaining interest in the aerospace industry as a candidate for manufacturing flight hardware. With increasing popularity comes the need for rigorous qualification standards and a thorough understanding of how processing parameters can affect part quality. One such parameter is the laser focal shift, which moves the building plane relative to the focal plane of the laser. Changing the focal shift alters the power density while keeping the laser parameters constant, a novel method for tailoring the microstructures of parts made by SLM. In this study, samples were manufactured at different focal positions and their microstructures were characterized. Samples built at the focal plane had a finer microstructure than samples built away from it, a result of higher power density and a smaller spot size. Furthermore, samples in the heat-treated condition produced at the shifted locations exhibited coarser grains aligned parallel to the build direction, while those at the focal plane had a finer and more equiaxed microstructure. Differences originating from the as-built condition that remain through post processing may influence the final mechanical performance of SLM parts. Utilizing the focus shift to produce these changes presents a unique opportunity for microstructural tailoring and improved mechanical performance.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2H9N3Cp

Nanocrystallization and enhanced surface mechanical properties of commercial pure titanium by electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling

Publication date: 5 July 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 149
Author(s): Yongda Ye, Song-Zhu Kure-Chu, Zhiyan Sun, Xiaopei Li, Haibo Wang, Guoyi Tang
In this study, gradient nanocrystallization and enhanced surface mechanical properties in commercial pure titanium, which were induced by an electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process (EP-USRP), were systematically investigated. The results indicated that EP-USRP at an optimum frequency of 500Hz is advantageous over a conventional ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) in achieving excellent surface mechanical properties, including a lower friction coefficient and less wear loss (maximum depth of wear scar decreased to two-thirds of that of USRP). Such enhancements may be attributed to a higher surface maximum hardness (308 HV, increased by 46.7% compared to the turning sample), deeper severe plastic deformation layer (480μm, ~0.5 times greater than that of USRP), smaller surface roughness (Ra 0.026μm), and higher compressive residual stresses. There is a balance between electropulsing-induced ductility and ultrasonic impact-induced work hardening. At the optimum conditions, the mobility of immobile dislocations is remarkably improved owing to the thermal and athermal effects of electropulsing as well as the ultrasonic vibration energy from USRP, leading to higher strains and dislocation densities; these induce further dynamic recrystallization in the sub-grains until a new balance is reached.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2qFrOgx

Canakinumab and Lung Cancer: Intriguing, but Is It Real?

https://ift.tt/2HJdgVp

Delayed Autoimmune Toxicity Occurring Several Months After Cessation of Anti‐PD‐1 Therapy

AbstractTreatment with anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) antibodies has demonstrated clinical efficacy in a whole range of malignancies including advanced melanoma, renal cell cancer, bladder cancer, and non‐small cell lung cancer. Immune‐related adverse events are a unique side effect of checkpoint regulator therapy including anti‐PD‐1 antibodies. Treatment‐related autoimmunity can occur in any organ system, with the median onset usually within 5–15 weeks from the commencement of therapy, depending on the organ system involved. This study describes for the first time a case of delayed autoimmunity occurring 8 months after discontinuing treatment with the anti‐PD‐1 antibody nivolumab in a patient with metastatic melanoma. The case highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors even after cessation of therapy, especially as patients increasingly stop treatment after achieving durable responses.

https://ift.tt/2H9TiBM

Phase II Study of Everolimus in Metastatic Malignant Melanoma (NCCTG‐N0377, Alliance)

AbstractLessons Learned. Everolimus does not have sufficient activity to justify its use as single agent in metastatic melanoma.Patients treated with 10 mg per day dose were most likely to require dose reductions.Everolimus appeared to reduce the numbers of regulatory T cells in approximately half of the treated patients; unfortunately, these effects were not correlated with clinical outcomes.Background.Everolimus (RAD‐001) is an orally active rapamycin analogue shown in preclinical data to produce cytostatic cell inhibition, which may be potentially beneficial in treating melanoma. We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus in patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma (MM).Methods.This study included two cohorts; cohort 1 received 30 mg of everolimus by mouth (PO) weekly, and cohort 2 was dosed with 10 mg of everolimus PO daily. The endpoints of the study were safety, 16‐week progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and measures of immunomodulatory/antiangiogenic properties with therapy. Tumor samples before therapy and at week 8 of treatment were analyzed. Peripheral blood plasma or mononuclear cell isolates collected prior to therapy and at weeks 8 and 16 and at time of tumor progression were analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor and regulatory T‐cell (Treg) measurements.Results.A total of 53 patients were enrolled in cohort 1 (n = 24) and cohort 2 (n = 29). Only 2 patients of the first 20 patients enrolled in cohort 2 had treatment responses (25%; 95% confidence interval, 8.6%–49.1%); this result did not allow full accrual to cohort 2, as the study was terminated for futility. Median OS was 12.2 months for cohort 1 versus 8.1 months in cohort 2; no PFS advantage was seen in either group (2.1 months vs. 1.8 months). Dose‐limiting toxicities included grade 4 myocardial ischemia (3.4%); grade 3 fatigue, mucositis, and hyperglycemia (10.3%); and anorexia and anemia (6.9%). Everolimus significantly reduced the number of Tregs in approximately half of the treated patients; however, these effects were not correlated with clinical outcomes.Conclusion.Everolimus does not have sufficient single‐agent activity in MM; however, we have identified evidence of biological activity to provide a potential rationale for future combination studies.

https://ift.tt/2HHbGmS

Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Rilotumumab and Bevacizumab in Subjects with Recurrent Malignant Glioma

AbstractLessons Learned. Due to evolving imaging criteria in brain tumors and variation in magnetic resonance imaging evaluation, it is not ideal to use response rate as a primary objective. Future studies involving antiangiogenic agents should use overall survival.Disease‐expected toxicities should be considered when defining the clinical significance of an adverse event. For example, vascular thromboembolic events are common in brain tumor patients and should not be attributed to the study drug in the safety analysis.Background.Recurrent malignant glioma (rMG) prognosis is poor, with a median patient survival of 3–11 months with bevacizumab (BEV)‐containing regimens. BEV in rMG has 6‐month progression free survival (PFS‐6) of ∼40% and an objective response rate of 21.2%. BEV‐containing regimens improve PFS‐6 to 42.6%–50.3%, indicating that BEV combination therapies may be superior to single agent. Rilotumumab, a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) antibody, inhibits angiogenesis and expression of angiogenic autocrine factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) by c‐Met inhibition. Combination of rilotumumab with BEV to block vascular invasion and tumor proliferation may synergistically inhibit tumor growth.Methods.Thirty‐six BEV‐naïve rMG subjects received rilotumumab (20 mg/kg and BEV (10 mg/kg) every 2 weeks. Endpoints included objective response rate (using Response Assessment in Neuro‐Oncology [RANO] criteria), PFS‐6, overall survival (OS), and toxicity.Results.Median patient follow‐up was 65.0 months. Objective response rate was 27.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.7%–44.1%). Median OS was 11.2 months (95% CI: 7–17.5). PFS‐6 was 41.7% (95% CI: 25.6%–57.0%). Most frequent treatment‐related grade ≤2 events included weight gain, fatigue, allergic rhinitis, and voice alteration; grade ≥3 events included venous thromboembolism (four patients), including one death from pulmonary embolism.Conclusion.Rilotumumab with BEV did not significantly improve objective response compared with BEV alone, and toxicity may preclude the use of rilotumumab in combination BEV regimens.

https://ift.tt/2H9T1Pg

Editorial Board

Publication date: 1 July 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 110





https://ift.tt/2JSzq88

Fate of Lu(III) sorbed on 2-line ferrihydrite at pH 5.7 and aged for 12 years at room temperature. II: insights from STEM-EDXS and DFT calculations

Abstract

Transformation products of two-line ferrihydrite associated with Lu(III) were studied after 12 years of aging using aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), high-efficiency energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and density functional theory (DFT). The transformation products consisted of hematite nanoparticles with overgrown goethite needles. High-efficiency STEM-EDXS revealed that Lu is only associated with goethite needles, and atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM reveals structural incorporation of Lu within goethite, partially replacing structural Fe sites. This finding corroborates those recently obtained by AsFlFFF and EXAFS spectroscopy on the same sample (Finck et al. 2018). DFT calculations indicate that Lu incorporation within goethite or hematite are almost equally likely, suggesting that experimental parameters such as temperature and reaction time which affect reaction kinetics, play important roles in determining the Lu uptake. It seems likely that these results may be transferable to predict the behavior of chemically homologous trivalent actinides.

https://ift.tt/2JRJPBb

Estimation of Percentage of US Patients Who Benefit From Genome-Driven Oncology

This cross-sectional study uses demographic data, FDA drug-approval information, drug labels, and other published sources to estimate the percentage of US patients with cancer who were eligible for and benefited from genome-driven oncology from January 2006 through January 2018.

https://ift.tt/2Hxi56u

Issue Information ‐ Instructions for Authors

Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 88, Issue 5, Page 757-758, May 2018.


https://ift.tt/2H6u1IY

Cover Image, Volume 88, Issue 5

Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 88, Issue 5, Page i-i, May 2018.


https://ift.tt/2qEuJXD

Issue Information ‐ TOC and Editorial Board

Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 88, Issue 5, Page 613-614, May 2018.


https://ift.tt/2J53Gvk

Functional visceral fat activity evaluated by preoperative F‐18 FDG PET/CT predicts regional lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer

Clinical Endocrinology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2qEgt0T

Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels and smoking status: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI

Clinical Endocrinology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2J6ttDx

Worse Health‐Related Quality of Life at long‐term follow‐up in patients with Cushing's disease than patients with cortisol producing adenoma. Data from the ERCUSYN

Clinical Endocrinology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2Hvn9YY

The role of Syk in peripheral T cells

Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Jeoung-Eun Park, Sirshendu Majumdar, David D. Brand, Edward F. Rosloniec, Ae-Kyung Yi, John M. Stuart, Andrew H. Kang, Linda K. Myers
The aim of this study was to understand how Syk affects peripheral T cell function. T cells from Syk^−/− chimeric mice and DR1 Syk^fl/fl CD4^cre conditional mice gave strong CD3-induced Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine responses. However, an altered peptide ligand (APL) of human CII (256–276) with two substitutions (F263N, E266D), also called A12, elicited only Th2 cytokine responses from Syk^fl/fl T cells but not Syk^fl/fl-CD4^cre T cells. Western blots revealed a marked increase in the phosphorylation of Syk, JNK and p38 upon A12/DR1 activation in WT or Syk^fl/fl T cells but not in Syk^fl/flCD4^-cre cells. We demonstrate that Syk is required for the APL- induction of suppressive cytokines. Chemical Syk inhibitors blocked activation of GATA-3 by peptide A12/DR1. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the role that Syk plays in directing T cell activity, and may shape therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases.



https://ift.tt/2ESIvKw

La/SSB chimeric autoantibody receptor modified NK92MI cells for targeted therapy of autoimmune disease

Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Huimin Meng, Xue Sun, Yanhui Song, Jianxuan Zou, Gangli An, Zeming Jin, Lin Yang
It has been long sought to specifically eliminate B-cell clones that generate autoreactive antibodies, while sparing the immune system when combating autoimmune disease. Although it was impossible to achieve this goal before, newly developed techniques have made it feasible today. Autoantibodies against La/SSB were involved in several autoimmune diseases. Here, we aimed to introduce La/SSB epitope-based chimeric autoantibody receptors (CAAR) into NK92MI cells enabled it to destroy the corresponding La/SSB-specific B cell receptor (BCR) -bearing lymphoma cells (LaA-BCR-Romas, LaA-BCR-Maver-1, and LaA-BCR-Jurkat cells). Such cell lines could eliminate a part of the B-cells in the blood of patients positive for anti-La/SSB antibodies. The CAAR we used in this study was constructed by fusing fragments from the nucleus protein, La/SSB, with the TCR signaling molecules, CD28, CD137, and CD3ζ. Thus, this method could specifically destroy the La/SSB autoreactive B-cell clones. Our results might provide a new strategy to combat antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.



https://ift.tt/2JSKT7L

Energy and environmental impact analysis of rice cultivation and straw management in northern Thailand

Abstract

Rice cultivation and energy use for rice production can produce the environmental impacts, especially related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Also, rice straw open burning by farmers generally practiced after harvesting stage in Thailand for removing the residues in the rice field is associated with emissions of air pollutants, especially particulate matter formation that affects human health and global climate. This study assessed the environmental burdens, consisting of GHG emissions, energy use, and particulate matter formation (PM10), from rice cultivation in Thailand by life cycle assessment (LCA) and compared the environmental burdens of rice straw management scenarios: open burning, incorporation into soil, and direct combustion for electricity generation. The data were collected from the rice production cooperative in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand, via onsite records and face-to-face questionnaires in 2016. The environmental impacts were evaluated from cradle-to-farm gate. The results showed that the total GHG emissions were 0.64 kg CO₂-eq per kilogram of paddy rice, the total energy use was 1.80 MJ per kilogram of paddy rice and the PM10 emissions were 0.42 g PM10-eq per kilogram of paddy rice. The results of rice straw management scenarios showed that rice straw open burning had the highest GHG and PM10 emissions. However, rice straw utilization by incorporation into soil and direct combustion for electricity generation could reduce these impacts substantially.

https://ift.tt/2H4FZGS

Biodegradation tests of mercaptocarboxylic acids, their esters, related divalent sulfur compounds and mercaptans

Abstract

Mercaptocarboxylic acids and their esters, a class of difunctional compounds bearing both a mercapto and a carboxylic acid or ester functional group, are industrial chemicals of potential environmental concern. Biodegradation of such compounds was systematically investigated here, both by literature search and by experiments (Closed Bottle Test OECD 301D and Manometric Respirometry Test OECD 301F). These compounds were found either readily biodegradable or at least biodegradable to a significant extent. Some related compounds of divalent sulfur were tested for comparison (mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides). For the two relevant monofunctional compound classes, carboxylic acids/esters and mercaptans, literature data were compiled, and by comparison with structurally similar compounds without these functional groups, the influence of COOH/COOR' and SH groups on biodegradability was evaluated. Thereby, an existing rule of thumb for biodegradation of carboxylic acids/esters was supported by experimental data, and a rule of thumb could be formulated for mercaptans. Concurrent to biodegradation, abiotic processes were observed in the experiments, rapid oxidative formation of disulfides (dimerisation of monomercaptans and cyclisation of dimercaptans) and hydrolysis of esters. Some problems that compromise the reproducibility of biodegradation test results were discussed.

https://ift.tt/2qGOLQj

Scholar : These new articles for Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Characterization of general and singular features of major aquifer systems in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region Julien Walter, Alain Rouleau, Romain Chesnaux, Mélanie Lambert & Réal Daigneault Pages: 1-17 | DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2018.1433069 Hoping to have your article read by anyone, anywhere and at any time? Find out more about publishing open access with Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Issue Information

Skin Research and Technology, Volume 24, Issue 2, Page i-iv, May 2018.


https://ift.tt/2qGxXd2

In vitro water resistance testing using SPF simulation based on spectroscopic analysis of rinsed sunscreens

International Journal of Cosmetic Science, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2EUrPm1

Characterization of a di- n -butyl phthalate-degrading bacterial consortium and its application in contaminated soil

Abstract

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), as a plasticizer, is widely used in China, and it is easily released into diverse environments. In this study, we have obtained a stable bacterial consortium (B1) enriched from municipal sewage treatment plant activated sludge. The obtained bacterial consortium B1 was capable of degrading DBP and was mainly composed of Pandoraea sp. and Microbacterium sp. From the initial concentrations of 35–500 mg L⁻¹, DBP was efficiently degraded by the consortium, with the degradation rates above 92% within 3 days. The optimal temperature for DBP degradation was 30 °C and consortium B1 could adapt to a wide range of pH (5.5–8.5). The analysis of Illumina sequencing further showed that the relative abundance of Pandoraea was increased at the beginning of the degradation, while Microbacterium was decreased. In the later stage of the degradation, the change of the relative abundance of Pandoraea and Microbacterium was opposite. Apart from DBP, consortium B1 could also utilize dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and phthalic acid (PA) as the sole carbon. Moreover, adding B1 to DBP-contaminated soil could greatly improve the removal rate of DBP, suggesting that B1 has a great potential for the bioremediation of DBP-contaminated environments.

https://ift.tt/2JSjl2j

Primary high-grade calcitonin-negative neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thyroid: a very rare cancer

Summary

Most medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) are low grade and produce calcitonin. There are some calcitonin-negative MTCs that produce only calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Rarely, MTCs are negative for calcitonin and CGRP peptides, but contain their corresponding mRNAs. Primary thyroid neuroendocrine neoplasms other than MTCs are extremely rare. We describe a primary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma that was negative for CGRP and calcitonin at both the protein and mRNA levels. A 42-year-old woman presented with a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass replacing most of the left lobe and isthmus. A computed tomography-guided core-needle biopsy was performed. The tumor was composed of sheets of small-to-medium sized epithelial cells. The cells were immunoreactive for pancytokeratin, synaptophysin, CD56 and thyroid transcription factor-1, but negative for CK7, CK20, CD45, CD99, ERG, chromogranin A, thyroglobulin, calcitonin, CGRP and carcinoembryonic antigen. The Ki-67 proliferation index was ~90%. In situ hybridization was negative for calcitonin mRNA. The patient was initially diagnosed as having a small cell carcinoma. She was treated with cisplatin and etoposide (VP16), followed by radiation therapy. Given the excellent clinical course, the tumor was reviewed and reclassified as a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (non-small-cell type). Heretofore, only a few other similar high-grade neuroendocrine tumors with negative markers of C-cell derivation have been reported. In our case, the patient is cancer free five years after diagnosis, but in the other cases, the outcome was poor.

Learning points:

There are neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thyroid that do not produce calcitonin or calcitonin gene-related peptide.

This category of calcitonin-negative neuroendocrine carcinomas is heterogeneous, consisting of low- and high-grade tumors.

The high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thyroid are rare and generally have a poor prognosis. They are divided into small cell and non-small cell or large cell types.

https://ift.tt/2H5HLUd

Scholar : Undersea "Hyperbaric Medicine" - νέα αποτελέσματα

[HTML] Methemoglobinemia treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: A case report

I Altintop, E Sanri, M Tatli, ME Akcin, A Denizbasi - Turkish Journal of Emergency …, 2018

… b Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency
Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; c University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Education and
Research Hospital, Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey …

[PDF] Hyperbaric Oxygen Brain Injury Treatment (HOBIT) Trial: A Multicenter, Randomized, Prospective Phase II Adaptive Clinical Trial Evaluating the Most Effective …

B Gajewski, GL Rockswold

… Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine is a recognized subspecialty by the American
Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) and there are increasing numbers of physicians
completing fellowships and becoming certified in this area …

[PDF] Scientific integrity review

PD Cooper, DR Smart - Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine

… are recognized as potentially amenable to HBOT by international professional
scientific societies active in this field (South Pacific Underwater Medicine
Society, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (USA) and European …

by 光達小編-2018-03-26

AC Kendall, JL Whatmore, LW Harries, PG Winyard…

… Diabetes Care, 2010; 33(5):998-1003. 3. Sheffield PJ. How the Davis 2.36 ATA wound
healing enhancement treatment table was established. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine,
2004; 31(2):193-194. 4. Trengove NJ, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Stacey MC …

 

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Scholar : ΜΑΣΤΟΕΙΔΙΤΙΣ - νέα αποτελέσμ

[HTML] Concurrent Mastoid Cellulitis and Langerhans Cells Histiocytosis: A Challenging Diagnosis

HY Ong, LC Goh, K Santhi, MM Sha'ariyah - Oman Medical Journal, 2018

… Swelling over the left postauricular region suggestive of acute mastoiditis or mastoid
abscess. CT imaging … 40 ×. Differential diagnosis. A differential diagnosis of mastoiditis
and cholesteatoma with mastoid abscess was made. The …

Scholar : Obstructive sleep apnea - νέα αποτελέσματα

Polyphenols Have No Impact on Endothelial Function in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial

W Trzepizur, V Bironneau, S Recoquillon, P Priou… - The Journal of Nutrition, 2018

Background Endothelial dysfunction, a pathophysiologic determinant of
atherogenesis, has been found to occur in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA)
and is improved by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, the …

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnant Women: A Review of Pregnancy Outcomes and an Approach to Management

JE Dominguez, AD Krystal, AS Habib - Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2018

Among obese pregnant women, 15%–20% have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and
this prevalence increases along with body mass index and in the presence of other
comorbidities. Prepregnancy obesity and pregnancy-related weight gain are …

Utility of Concurrent Direct Laryngoscopy and Bronchoscopy with Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy in Pediatric Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

M Bliss, S Yanamadala, P Koltai - International Journal of Pediatric …, 2018

Objectives The goal of this report was to find the frequency of synchronous airway
lesions (SAL) identified during microdirect laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MDLB)
that influenced treatment decisions beyond the information provided by drug induced …

Impaired neurobehavioural performance in untreated obstructive sleep apnea patients using a novel standardised test battery

AL D'Rozario, CJ Field, CM Hoyos, SL Naismith… - Frontiers in Surgery, 2018

Objective/Background Although polysomnography (PSG) is the gold-standard
measure for assessing disease severity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), it has
limited value in identifying individuals experiencing significant neurobehavioural …

The association between asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): A systematic review

SE Davies, A Bishopp, S Wharton, AM Turner… - Journal of Asthma, 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: Bronchial asthma and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are
common respiratory disorders that can co-exist. The strength of this association, and
also the impact of OSA on asthma-related clinical outcomes remain unclear. Data …

Trends in management of obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric patients with Down syndrome

J Best, S Mutchnick, J Ida, KR Billings - International Journal of Pediatric …, 2018

Methods Retrospective case series of children with DS seen at a tertiary care
medical center between 1/2008-6/2016 who underwent polysomnography (PSG)
after having a T&A performed for sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Results Sixty …

Reader response: Onabotulinum toxin-A injections for sleep bruxism: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study

JR Zuzuarregui - 2018

… [1] Patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were excluded from this study …
2. Manfredini D, Guarda-Nardini L, Marchese-Ragona R, Lobbezoo F. Theories on possible
temporal relationships between sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea events …

The why, when and how to test for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with atrial fibrillation

L Desteghe, JML Hendriks, RD McEvoy… - Clinical Research in …, 2018

Abstract Sleep apnea is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and may be
important in atrial fibrillation (AF) management. It is present in up to 62% of the AF
population and is highly under-recognized and underdiagnosed. Obstructive sleep  …

[HTML] Effect of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity and Cognition of Parkinson's Disease Patients

JY Huang, JR Zhang, Y Shen, HJ Zhang, YL Cao… - Chinese Medical Journal, 2018

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the most common sleep disorders in Parkinson's
disease (PD). The aim of this study was to identify whether RBD could alleviate OSA …

Comorbidities of heart failure: sleep apnea

H Woehrle, O Oldenburg, S Stadler, M Arzt - Der Internist, 2018

… apnea are associated with increased mortality. In HFrEF as well as in HFpEF patients
with obstructive sleep apnea, treatment with continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP) achieves symptomatic and functional improvements …

 

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