Herpesviral Infection in Periapical Periodontitis

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review describes the most recent findings on herpesviral infections and offers current concepts of herpesviral role in the pathogenesis of periapical periodontitis.

Recent Findings

Thirty articles reported data on herpesviral infection in periapical periodontitis. Epstein-Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus are the most frequently detected herpesviruses in periapical samples. The main hypothesis postulates a bidirectional herpesviral-bacterial relationship in the etiopathogenesis of periapical periodontitis. A high heterogeneity of herpesviruses incidence was registered within the studies, in part, due to various methodological approaches used in laboratory testing, different inclusion criteria, study design, seroprevalence of herpesviruses, and sociodemographic characteristics of investigated populations.

Summary

Herpesviruses have been shown to potentially impair local host defense in periapical tissue. Although it has been demonstrated that endodontic pathogenic bacteria are able to reactivate herpesviruses, further, in vitro studies should provide more data on herpesviruses as a factor in the pathogenesis of the periapical pathoses. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate potential benefits of antiviral therapy in well-designed controlled longitudinal studies.

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Work-Related Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Injury in Microsurgeons

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675177

Background Long surgical procedures with loupe magnification and microscopes may put microsurgeons at an increased risk of musculoskeletal discomfort. Identifying the prevalence and impact of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort may guide preventive strategies to prolong well-being, job satisfaction, and career duration. Methods An online 29-question survey was designed to evaluate work-related musculoskeletal discomfort. The survey was created and distributed electronically through a private survey research center and was sent to the members of the American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery. Results There were 117 respondents (16.7% response rate): 80% were men; 69% were aged 31 to 50 years; and 68% were in academic practice. On a scale of 0 to 10 (0, no pain and 10, worst pain), the median for work-related musculoskeletal discomfort for surgery without loupes or microscope was 2; with loupes, 4; and with a microscope, 5. Pain was most common in the neck. Half of the surgeons reported pain within 4 hours of surgery, and 57% feared that pain would influence future surgical performance. Surgeon discomfort affected posture (72%), stamina (36%), sleep (29%), relationships (25%), concentration (22%), and surgical speed (19%). Tremor caused by the discomfort occurred in 8%. Medical treatment for discomfort was sought by 29%. Time off work for treatment occurred for 8%. Conclusion Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort can affect many aspects of a microsurgeon's life and has the potential to limit a surgeon's ability to operate. Therefore, more emphasis is needed in the surgical community on the important issues of occupational health and surgical ergonomics for microsurgeons.
[...]

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Long-Term Outcome after Successful Lower Extremity Free Flap Salvage

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675146

Background Vascular occlusion after free flap surgery has become a rare complication but still poses a major challenge. It necessitates urgent re-exploration, but the logistic challenge to provide sufficient resources for the emergency intervention remains. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term outcome after successful lower extremity free flap salvage. Methods A single-center retrospective study including long-term follow-up was approved by the local ethics committee. From January 1999 to December 2010, a total of 581 free flaps were performed for lower extremity reconstruction. Eighty-six flaps required emergency re-exploration, of which 65 could be salvaged. Fifteen salvaged flaps were excluded from the study because of secondary amputation. Of 50 patients, 29 (6 females and 23 males) were eligible for follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 54.5 ± 32.9 months. Health-related quality of life (Short Form 36 [SF-36]) and scar quality (Vancouver Scar Scale [VSS]) were analyzed. Results The overall flap survival rate was 94.7% and the total loss rate was 5.3%. The re-exploration rate was 14.8% (86 of 581 flaps). The salvage rate was 75.6% (65 of 86 flaps). Twenty-one free flaps were totally lost (24.4%). Partial flap loss occurred in 12 cases (14.0%); 67.5% of the vascular complications occurred during the first 24 hours, 20.9% between 24 and 72 hours, and 11.6% after more than 72 hours. The mean time from the first signs of impaired flap perfusion to re-exploration was 1.3 ± 0.4 hours, and from free tissue transfer to re-exploration was 16.2 ± 1.9 hours. The overall scar appearance was good with an average VSS score of 4.0 points. The average SF-36 physical component score was 54.4 ± 5.4 and the mental component score was 63.1 ± 10.7. Conclusion Careful monitoring and the opportunity for urgent re-exploration are the key to success for free flaps salvage. Following these principles, an acceptable long-term outcome can be achieved.
[...]

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Lower Extremity Free Tissue Transfer in the Setting of Thrombophilia: Analysis of Perioperative Anticoagulation Protocols and Predictors of Flap Failure

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675145

Aim No consensus exists regarding the optimal strategy for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in high-risk microsurgical populations. We present our experience with lower extremity free tissue transfer (FTT) in thrombophilic patients and compare outcomes between non-stratified and risk-stratified anticoagulation protocols. Methods Between January 2013 and December 2017, 57 patients with documented thrombophilia underwent FTT for non-traumatic, lower extremity reconstruction by a single surgeon. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on the introduction of a novel, risk-stratified algorithm for perioperative anticoagulation in July 2015. Demographic data, chemoprophylaxis profiles, flap outcomes, and complications were retrospectively compared across time periods. Results Fifty-seven free flaps were performed in hypercoagulable patients treated with non-stratified (n = 27) or risk-stratified (n = 30) thromboprophylaxis. Patients in the risk-stratified cohort received intravenous heparin more often than non-stratified controls (73 vs. 15%, p < 0.001). Lower rates of total (3 vs. 19%, p = 0.06) and partial (10 vs. 37%, p = 0.025) flap loss were observed among risk-stratified patients, paralleling a significant reduction in the prevalence of postoperative thrombotic events (1.2 vs. 12.3%, p = 0.004). While therapeutic versus low-dose heparin infusion was associated with improved flap survival following intraoperative microvascular compromise (86 vs. 25%, p = 0.04), salvage rates in the setting of postoperative thrombosis remained 0%, regardless of protocol. On multivariate analysis, recipient-vessel calcification (odds ratio [OR]: 16.7, p = 0.02) and anastomotic revision (OR, 3.3; p = 0.04) were independently associated with total flap failure. Conclusions Selective therapeutic anticoagulation may improve microsurgical outcomes in high-risk patients with thrombophilia. Our findings highlight the importance of meticulous technique and recipient-vessel selection as critical determinants of flap success in this population.
[...]

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Evaluation of the Extent of Vessel Avulsion Injury: An Experimental Study Using a Rabbit Model

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675178

Background Determining the extent of damage in vascular avulsion type injuries still represents a challenge for the microsurgeon. Excision of the damaged section is critical for the success of anastomosis. The purpose of this study was to determine which among vascular endothelial and adventitia damage findings is most effective in determining the extent of avulsion injury. Methods Varying degrees of avulsion were applied to the aorta of 12 (n = 12) adult female New Zealand rabbits. Avulsion was first determined using adventitial findings and then with endothelial findings. The definitive extent of damage was determined histopathologically. Results The mean area of the histopathological sections was 16.7 ± 6.9 mm. The extent of damage measured from the adventitia was 15.8 ± 7.9 mm (the difference in histopathological examinations was not significant, p = 0.590, paired t-test), while the extent of damage from the lumen was 13.3 ± 8.2 mm (the difference in histopathological examinations was significant p = 0.004, paired t-test). Conclusion Excision based on adventitia findings is more effective in case of avulsion injury.
[...]

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Correction to: Cytokine release kinetics of concentrated growth factors in different scaffolds

Legend of fig. 1a and b was reversed in the original version of this article.

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In vivo and in vitro assessment of the bleaching effectiveness of a brush-off patch containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of a brush-off patch containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide, which is a new over-the-counter (OTC) product for tooth whitening, and determine the optimal protocol for use.

Materials and methods

We performed an in vitro study using hydroxyapatite specimens and a clinical trial involving 140 volunteers. The brush-off patch was applied to the specimens (in vitro) or the maxillary anterior teeth (in vivo; 14 days) for 10 min twice daily (case 10 group) or 30 min once daily (case 30 group). We also included control groups in both experiments. Lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values were measured using a colorimeter. In the in vivo study, color changes were measured at baseline and 7 and 14 days after the start of patch application. The overall color change (ΔE) was statistically analyzed.

Results

In the in vitro study, the color change (ΔE*) after the experiment was significantly different between the two case groups and the control group (p < 0.001). In the in vivo study, the case groups showed color changes at both 7 and 14 days after patch application. In particular, the change in the case 30 group was significantly more prominent on day 14 than on day 7 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that brush-off patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide are effective OTC products for tooth whitening.

Clinical relevance

For best results, brush-off patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide can be applied once daily for 30 min.

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A Prospective Randomized Blinded Trial Comparing Digital Simulation to Textbook for Cleft Surgery Education

Background: Simulation is progressively being integrated into surgical training, yet its utility in plastic surgery has not been well described. We present a prospective, randomized, blinded trial comparing digital simulation to a surgical textbook for conceptualization of cleft-lip repair. Methods: Thirty-five medical students were randomized to learning cleft repair using a simulator or textbook. Participants outlined markings for a standard cleft-lip repair before (pre-intervention) and after (post-intervention) 20 minutes of studying their respective resource. Two expert reviewers blindly graded markings according to a 10-point scale, on two separate occasions. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients. Paired and independent t-tests were performed to compare scoring between study groups. A validated student satisfaction survey was administered to assess the two resources separately. Results: Intra-rater grading reliability was excellent among both raters for pre-intervention and post-intervention grading (rater 1 ICC=0.94 and 0.95, respectively; rater 2 ICC=0.60 and 0.92, respectively; p

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“Flap Preconditioning with the Cyclic Mode (Triangular Waveform) of Pressure-Controlled Cupping in a Rat Model: An Alternative Mode to the Continuous System”

Background: Improving flap survival is essential for successful soft-tissue reconstruction. Although many methods have been attempted to increase the survival of the distal flap portion, there has been no widely adopted procedure. We evaluated the effect of flap preconditioning with two different modes (continuous and cyclic) of external volume expansion (pressure-controlled cupping) in a rat dorsal flap model. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly assigned to the control group and two experimental groups (n=10/group). The continuous group underwent 30 min of preconditioning with -25 mmHg pressure once daily for 5 days. The cyclic group received 0 to -25 mmHg pressure for 30 min with the cyclic mode once daily for 5 days. On the day after the final preconditioning, caudally based 2x8-cm dorsal random-pattern flaps were raised and replaced in the native position. On postoperative day 9, the surviving flap area was evaluated. Results: The cyclic group showed the highest flap survival rate (76.02%), followed by the continuous and control groups (64.96% and 51.53%, respectively). All inter-group differences were statistically significant. Tissue perfusion of the entire flap showed similar results (cyclic, 87.13%; continuous, 66.64%; control, 49.32%). Histologic analysis with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and CD31 staining showed the most increased and organized collagen production with hypertrophy of the attached muscle and vascular density in the cyclic group, followed by the continuous and control groups. Conclusions: Flap preconditioning with the cyclic mode of external volume expansion is more effective than the continuous mode in an experimental rat model. Further studies will be necessary for clinical application. Financial Disclosure Statement: None of the authors has a financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this manuscript Authors' Contributions: K.S.K. came up with the main idea and its concept of hypothesis in this experiment. He led the process of this study. Y.G.H. mainly conducted the animal experiment and further organized and analyzed histologic results. He wrote the article. S.C.K. supervised and advised the experimental process and participated in the laboratory meeting with the team and gave several opinions during discussion. Ethics Statement: All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Asan Life Science Research Center animal review board (document no. 2017-13-113). Corresponding author: Kyung S. Koh, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Sonpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea. Tel.: +82-2-3010-3600, Fax: +2-476-7471, E-mail: kskoh@amc.seoul.kr, kyungskoh@gmail.com ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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Outcomes of Elbow Flexion Reconstruction in Patients Over 50 with Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury

Background: There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of brachial plexus (BP) reconstruction for elbow function in older patients as reported outcomes are generally poor. The purpose of this study is to evaluate elbow function outcomes in patients over 50. Methods: Fifty-eight patients over the age of 50 underwent nerve grafting, transfers or free functioning muscle transfer (FFMT) to improve elbow function after traumatic BP injury. Patients were evaluated pre- and post-operatively for elbow flexion strength and range of motion (ROM), Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, pain, delay from injury to operation, concomitant trauma, severity of trauma, and type of reconstruction. Results: The average age was 57.8 years (range 50-72) with an average follow-up of 24.0 months. The average modified BMRC (British Medical Research Council) elbow flexion grade improved significantly from 0.26 to 2.63. Thirty-three patients (60%) achieved functional flexion ≥M3 post-operatively, compared to zero patients pre-operatively. There was no correlation between age and modified BMRC grade. Active elbow ROM improved significantly post-operatively, with no effect of age on flexion motion. More patients achieved ≥M3 flexion with nerve transfers (69%) compared to FFMT (43%). Patients had worse outcomes with high energy injuries. The mean DASH score decreased from 51.5 to 49.6 post-operatively and the average pain score decreased from 5.0 to 4.3. Conclusion: BP reconstruction for elbow function in patients over the age of 50 can yield useful flexion. Conflicts of Interest: We have no conflicts of interest or financial interest to disclose. Corresponding author: Alexander Shin, MD, shin.alexander@mayo.edu, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, 55905 Rochester, MN ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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Wide-awake flexor pollicis longus tendon reconstruction with evaluation of the active voluntary contraction of the ruptured muscle-tendon

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome of the wide-awake tendon reconstruction for chronic rupture of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon with evaluation of the voluntary active contraction distance (ACD) of the ruptured musculotendinous unit. Methods: Eleven consecutive patients underwent tendon reconstruction under wide-awake surgery for chronic tendon rupture of the FPL. If the total of the passive distraction distance (PDD) and the ACD of the ruptured FPL musculotendinous unit was greater than 30 mm, tendon grafting was performed. If not, tendon transfer was performed using the 4th flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS). Patients were evaluated with total active motion (TAM) before surgery, during surgery, and in final follow-up and subjectively surveyed with quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (q-DASH) scores. The final outcomes of tendon grafting and of tendon transfer were compared. Results: Tendon grafting was performed in 4 patients, and tendon transfer was performed in 7 patients while maintaining finger active motion during surgery. The final follow-up %TAM was 84.3%±12.7% in the tendon transfer group and 80.7%±10.2% in the tendon grafting group. There were no significant differences between tendon transfer and tendon grafting in the final follow-up %TAM and q-DASH scores. Conclusions: The functional outcomes of both tendon grafting and tendon transfer were acceptable based on evaluating the ACD and PDD of the ruptured musculotendinous unit during wide-awake surgery. Evaluating the ACD and PDD may be a useful index to assess the ruptured musculotendinous unit. The greatest advantage of the wide-awake tendon reconstruction is that surgeons can evaluate the ruptured musculotendinous unit and measure TAM during surgery while adjusting suture tension. Financial Disclosure: none Acknowledgements: none This report was approved by the Ethics Comitee, University of Toyama (Toyama, Japan) and clinical reaserch number "21-22" was granted. Corresponding auther: Mineyuki Zukawa. MD ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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“Delayed Post-conditioning with External Volume Expansion (EVE) Improves Survival of Adipose Tissue Grafts in a Murine Model”

Background: External volume expansion (EVE) improves the survival of adipose tissue grafts by pre-operatively conditioning ('pre-conditioning') tissues that will receive the graft. EVE's mechanisms of action (induction of angiogenesis and of adipogenesis) could improve graft survival also when applied post-operatively (post-conditioning). We tested this hypothesis and optimized the parameters of post-operative application of EVE in a murine model. Methods: Fifty-six 8-week-old athymic (nu/nu) mice received dorsal subcutaneous grafts of human lipoaspirate (0.3 ml each) bilaterally before undergoing EVE (left dorsum) or no treatment (right dorsum, controls). EVE was started either on the same day of (Immediate group), two days after (Early group), or one week after surgery (Delayed group). At follow-up, grafts were analyzed for tissue survival, remodeling, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis using histology. Volume retention was assessed by MRI. We subsequently assessed the effects of the Delayed application of EVE adopting a foam-shaped interface (F-EVE) to deliver the treatment. Results: At 28 days follow-up delayed post-conditioning with EVE significantly improved the survival of grafts (+18%) compared to controls (viable graft thickness ratio: 58 ±15% vs 49 ±13%) and increased the density of blood vessels within the graft (+63%: blood vessels/ 10x magnification field: 44 ±12 vs 27 ±11). Other groups did not lead to significant changes. Adoption of F-EVE similarly improved outcomes while further reducing fibrosis within the grafts. Conclusions: Post-operative delayed application of EVE modestly improves the survival of adipose tissue grafts by inducing adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Use of a foam-shaped interface decreases the fibrosis induced in the grafts. # co-first authors Acknowledgments, conflict of interest and role of funding sources disclosure statement: Dr. Orgill receives research funding through grants from Acelity L.P. to Brigham and Women's Hospital and is a consultant for Acelity L.P. All other authors declare no actual or potential conflict of interests: in addition, they disclose no commercial or financial associations, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence the reported manuscript or create a conflict of interest with the information presented. This study was funded by a research grant from Acelity L.P. Inc. to Brigham and Women's Hospital and a research grant by the Gillian Reny Stepping Strong Foundation to Brigham and Women's Hospital. Authorship: All authors had full access to the data and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors have seen and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript and bear responsibility for it. Ethics: The study was carried out under high ethical standards. All the studies have been approved, when required, by the appropriate ethics committee and have been performed in accordance and in conformity to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (June 1964) and subsequent amendments. Meetings at which the paper has been presented: None. Corresponding authors: Dennis P. Orgill (* corresponding author), Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston MA 02115 (USA). T: 617-732-5456F: 617-730-2855E:dorgill@partners.org ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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“Craniometric Analysis of Endoscopic Suturectomy for Bilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis.”

Background: Endoscopic suturectomy and helmeting represents a successful first-line surgical treatment for bilateral coronal craniosynostosis. Its effect on cranial morphology has not been previously described. Methods: Patients were identified who had bilateral coronal craniosynostosis treated with endoscopic suturectomy and postoperative helmeting at Boston Children's Hospital between 2005 and 2013 and who received pre- and post-operative CT scans. Two normative patient populations were identified from our trauma registry with CT scans completed at the same age as our pre- and post-treatment scans. Craniometric indices were utilized to quantify the effect of treatment. Results: Twenty-seven patients were identified who underwent bilateral coronal suturectomy. Twelve patients had preoperative and postoperative CT studies. Eight patients (66.7%) were syndromic. The average ages for preoperative and postoperative CT scan was 1.1 months (0.03–2.6) and 19.6 months (10.8–37.5). Thirteen patients with an average age of 1.1 months (0.5–1.6) were identified as a preoperative control group. Fourteen patients with an average age of 18.5 months (15.5–22.9) were identified as a postoperative control group. The anterior cranial height (ACH) stabilized with treatment and the anterior cranial base length increased (ACBL). The ACH:ACBL ratio significantly decreased with treatment (p=0.128). Frontal bossing normalized with endoscopic suturectomy (CS vs control; pre-op: p=0.001, post-op (p=0.8). Cephalic indices also normalized with treatment (CS vs control; pre-op: p=0.02, post-op, p=0.13). No cases of hydrocephalus were observed. Conclusion: Endoscopic suturectomy and helmeting improves anterior turricephaly and corrects frontal bossing and brachycephaly in patients with bilateral coronal craniosynostosis. FD - None of the authors has a financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this manuscript. Corresponding author: S. Alex Rottgers MD, Assistant Professor of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, John Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 601 Fifth Street South, Suite 306, St. Petersburg, FL. srottge1@jhmi.edu ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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Evaluation of Donor Morbidity Following Single-Stage Latissimus Dorsi Neuromuscular Transfer for Facial Reanimation

Background: Single-stage latissimus dorsi (LD) neuromuscular transfer has been a valuable option for dynamic smile reanimation. However, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the potential donor morbidity in such cases. The present study aimed to comprehensively analyze the donor morbidity following functional LD muscle transfer. Methods: Patients who underwent single-stage functional LD muscle transfer for smile reanimation between 2002 and 2016 were reviewed. Postoperative complications and functional impairments at the donor sites were evaluated. The Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was used for assessing postoperative donor-site function. Results: Sixty patients including 12 pediatric (≤ 18 years) were analyzed. Mean length of a harvested thoracodorsal nerve was 14.9 cm. Fourteen patients were treated with dual innervation technique, in which both a descending and transverse branch of the thoracodorsal nerve were harvested. Donor complications were observed in seven cases; all of them were seroma and resolved by simple aspiration. No other complications including scoliosis and sensory and/or motor disturbances in the upper extremities were encountered. Fifty patients responded to the Quick-DASH questionnaire at a median follow-up period of 51 months. The average score was 2.64 and all but three patients scored less than 10. No variables, including patient age (pediatric versus adult) and the use of dual innervation technique, affected the donor morbidities including the functional deficits. Conclusions: Single-stage LD neuromuscular transfer for facial reanimation might be associated with a low rate of complications and minimal functional morbidity at the donor site. Financial Disclosure:None of the authors has a financial interest in any of the products, devices, or drugs mentioned in this manuscript. Presented at:13thInternational Facial Nerve Symposium, August 3-6, 2017, Los Angeles, CA (Podium) Corresponding Author Contact Information: Dr. Goo-Hyun Mun, MD, Ph D., Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-dong 50, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, S. Korea. 135-710.,Tel.: 82-2-3410-2233, Fax: 82-2-3410-0036, E-mail: supramicro@gmail.com ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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Effect of adjuvant use of metformin on periodontal treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective

The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review of the literature regarding the adjuvant effects of metformin on the results of mechanical periodontal treatment.

Methods

First, a search on the PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases was performed up to March 2018. Randomized clinical trials with at least 3 months of follow-up and using metformin associated with mechanical periodontal treatment were included in the review. As comparison group, mechanical or periodontal therapy alone or in combination with placebo. The studies should involve adults with at least 30 years of age diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. For the evaluation of the risk of bias of the articles, the Cochrane Collaboration tool was used.

Results

Studies (1912) were retrieved and 4 were included in the review. The articles are all from the same research center and used metformin in gel at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, or 1.5%. The majority of included studies presented low risk of bias. A linear meta-analysis was conducted for probing depth and clinical attachment loss outcomes. The results showed a weighted mean difference of 2.12 mm (95% CI 1.83–2.42) and 2.29 mm (95% CI 1.72–2.86) for probing depth and clinical attachment level, respectively, favoring the group exposed to 1% adjunct metformin.

Conclusion

The adjuvant use of metformin may promote an additional benefit to the results of mechanical periodontal therapy.

Clinical significance

The metformin as an adjuvant on periodontal treatment shows potential to reduce needs of additional interventions and also reduces the inflammatory burden in patients.

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Commentary: Risk Factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma in Men Younger Than 40 Years of Age A Case–Control Study

No abstract available

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Green Light photoselective vaporization of the prostate: a safe and effective treatment for elderly high-risk benign prostate hyperplasia patients with gland over 80 ml

Abstract

To analyze the efficacy of Green Light photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in elderly high-risk benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with glands over 80 ml. From December 2013 to February 2016, we allocated 84 elderly (age 71–97) high-risk patients who underwent preoperative transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) examination with glands over 80 ml and divided them into two groups to receive 120 W (n = 40) and 180 W (n = 44) PVP. All the patients have been observed at least one intraoperative comorbidity: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, NYHA II, or combined. They were followed up for 12 months. All the conventional parameters were compared in this study. All the patients received successful operations without severe complications, and no patient needed blood transfusion. The operation time and catheterization time of the 180 W patients were significantly shorter than that of the 120 W patients (p < 0.05). The International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) scores, maximum flow rate (Qmax), and residual urine volume (RUV) in both groups have been significantly improved. PVP is safe and effective for high-risk aging patients with gland over 80 ml. In addition, 180 W XPS system has a short operation time and catheterization time and less inflammatory response.

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Effects of low-level laser therapy on soft and hard tissue healing after endodontic surgery

Abstract

The aim of this prospective study was to examine possible benefits of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on soft and hard tissue healing after endodontic surgery. Seventy-six endo-surgery cases on maxillary incisors were included. The patients were assigned randomly into control and laser groups. In the laser group, gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser irradiation (810 nm, 129 mW, 3.87 J/cm²) was performed immediately after surgery and daily for postoperative 7 days from buccal and palatal surfaces (5 min for each side). In the control group, patients were not subjected laser therapy. The patients were compared in terms of pain, clinical and radiological findings, and life quality indexes [Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI)]. Seventy-one patients completed the study (n = 37 for control group, n = 34 for laser group). The laser group showed better results in edema, wound healing, and the number of analgesic tablets used on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days. Significant reduction in ecchymoses was observed in the laser group on the postop 3rd and 7th days. The patients had significantly lower pain on the 1st and 3rd postop days in laser group. The laser group showed significantly better results in OHIP-14 and GOHA indexes on postop days 1 and 3. The laser group showed significantly favorable results in terms of bone density, defect volume and area, and periapical index in the postop 3rd month. This study concluded that LLLT improved soft and hard tissue healing after endodontic surgery and also showed favorable effects on pain and life quality of patients especially in the early phase of healing period.

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Correction to: Comparative study using fractional carbon dioxide laser versus glycolic acid peel in treatment of pseudo-acanthosis nigricans

The author found small mistakes in scientific content of article. Editor-in-Chief confirmed that mistakes do not change or invalidate conclusions of article.

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Appropriate laser wavelengths for photodynamic therapy with methylene blue

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Resistance to vertical root fracture of apicoected teeth using different devices during two root canal irrigation procedures

Abstract

The aim of the present work was to measure the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth that were apicoected with different procedures. Seventy-two extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were included in this study. The specimens were randomly assigned to three main groups according to the apical surgery procedures and then two subgroups according to the irrigation protocols during root canal treatment and total of six groups were obtained (n = 12). Group 1: served as a control and apical surgery process was not performed in this group. Group 2: apical surgery process was performed with tungsten carbide fissure bur Group 3: apical surgery process was performed with Er:YAG laser. Subgroup a: In this group, the specimens were irrigated with %5 NaOCl. Subgroup b: 15% EDTA solution was filled into the root canal and then agitated using a 1.5 W/100 Hz diode laser. The specimens were filled and mounted in acrylic resin blocks and compression strength test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA. The statistical analysis revealed that there were no statistical significant differences between apical surgery procedures (groups 1, 2, and 3) (p < 0.05). Apical resection procedures did not affect the fracture resistance Significant differences were determined between the subgroups (p < 0.05). Agitation of the EDTA with the diode laser reduced the fracture resistance of the specimens. The different canal irrigation techniques altered resistance to fracture; however, apical surgery procedures did not altered the resistance to fracture when compared with the control group.

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Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 61: Endocrine Disruption by Mixtures in Topical Consumer Products

Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 61: Endocrine Disruption by Mixtures in Topical Consumer Products

Cosmetics doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5040061

Authors: Emiliano Ripamonti Elena Allifranchini Stefano Todeschi Elena Bocchietto

Endocrine disruption has been gathering increasing attention in the past 25 years as a possible new threat for health and safety. Exposure to endocrine disruptor has been progressively linked with a growing number of increasing disease in the human population. The mechanics through which endocrine disruptors act are not yet completely clear, however a number of pathways have been identified. A key concern is the cumulative and synergic effects that endocrine disruptors could have when mixed in consumer products. We reviewed the available literature to identify known or potential endocrine disruptors, as well as endocrine active substances that could contribute to cumulative effects, in topical consumer products. The number of endocrine actives used daily in consumer products is staggering and even though most if not all are used in concentrations that are considered to be safe, we believe that the possibility of combined effects in mixtures and non-monotonic dose/response is enough to require further precautions. A combined in vitro approach based on existing, validated OECD test methods is suggested to screen consumer products and mixtures for potential interaction with estrogen and androgen hormone receptors, in order to identify products that could have cumulative effects or support their safety concerning direct endocrine disruption capabilities.

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Scholar : These new articles for Critical Inquiry in Language Studies are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Critical Inquiry in Language Studies and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Articles Uniformity or diversity: Chinese netizens' reactions to language policy through the lenses of critical discourse analysis and systemic functional linguistics Feng Liang & Dong-shin Shin Pages: 1-20 | DOI: 10.1080/15427587.2018.1527696 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 124, Issue 5, December 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 124, Issue 5, December 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Review Article Management of diabetes using herbal extracts: review Walid Hamdy El-Tantawy & Abeer Temraz Pages: 383-389 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1419493 Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and therapeutic effects of Myrtus communis L. berries seeds on gastrointestinal tract diseases: a review Mohamed-Amine Jabri, Lamjed Marzouki & Hichem Sebai Pages: 390-396 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1423504 Original Article Demographic and lifestyle factors that affect HbA1c awareness amongst type II diabetic patients in Trinidad B. Shivananda Nayak, Karina Khan, Christian Kidney, Vanessa Knowles, Adrian Koo, Andrew Lakhan, Daniel Lalla, Christopher Lalloo, Staci-Ann Lallo & Shamjeet Singh Pages: 397-400 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1412466 Pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced lipolysis after an episode of acute pancreatitis Sayali A. Pendharkar, Ruma G. Singh & Maxim S. Petrov Pages: 401-409 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1415359 Dietary phenolic acids reverse insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats Oluwayemisi B. Ibitoye & Taofeek O. Ajiboye Pages: 410-417 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1415938 Phenelzine reduces the oxidative damage induced by peroxynitrite in plasma lipids and proteins Ayman G. Mustafa, Othman Al-Shboul, Mahmoud A. Alfaqih, Mohammad A. Al-Qudah & Ahmed N. Al-Dwairi Pages: 418-423 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1415939 Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on renal functions and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats Osama Mahmoud Mehanna, Ahmad El Askary, Saad Al-Shehri & Basem El-Esawy Pages: 424-429 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1419267 The downregulation of sweet taste receptor signaling in enteroendocrine L-cells mediates 3-deoxyglucosone-induced attenuation of high glucose-stimulated GLP-1 secretion | Fei Wang, Xiudao Song, Liang Zhou, Guoqiang Liang, Fei Huang, Guorong Jiang & Lurong Zhang Pages: 430-435 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1419366 Arecoline ameliorates hyperthyroid condition in mice under cold stress Romi Dasgupta, Indraneel Saha, Aniruddha Maity, Prajna Paramita Ray & B. R. Maiti Pages: 436-441 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1420665 Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) heterozygous mice are more susceptible to synaptic protein loss in cerebral cortex during high fat diet İsmail Abidin, Selcen Aydin-Abidin, Akin Bodur, İmran İnce & Ahmet Alver Pages: 442-447 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1420666 Chemoprotective effects of curcumin on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats: by modulating inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage Fulya Benzer, Fatih Mehmet Kandemir, Sefa Kucukler, Selim Comaklı & Cuneyt Caglayan Pages: 448-457 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1422766 Physiological variations among blood parameters of domestic cats at high- and low-altitude regions of China Hui Zhang, Hailong Dong, Khalid Mehmood, Kun Li, Fazul Nabi, Zhenyu Chang, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ijaz, Qingxia Wu & Jiakui Li Pages: 458-460 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1423623 Vitamin D protection from rat diabetic nephropathy is partly mediated through Klotho expression and renin–angiotensin inhibition Nashwa Eltablawy, Hend Ashour, Laila Ahmed Rashed & Wael Mostafa Hamza Pages: 461-467 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1423624 High glucose induces inflammatory responses in HepG2 cells via the oxidative stress-mediated activation of NF-κB, and MAPK pathways in HepG2 cells Ghodratollah Panahi, Parvin Pasalar, Mina Zare, Rosario Rizzuto & Reza Meshkani Pages: 468-474 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1427764 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Communication Research and Practice, Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Communication Research and Practice, Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Editorial Editorial Colleen E. Mills Pages: 325-327 | DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2018.1507333 Articles Truth value, Trump, and benign lies at the closing of the Gutenberg Parenthesis Frank Sligo Pages: 328-341 | DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2018.1434790 Communication life line? ABC emergency broadcasting in rural/regional Australia Julie Freeman, Kristy Hess & Lisa Waller Pages: 342-360 | DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2017.1370354 Leaving the camps behind: the role of Development Communication in refugee-host integration Valentina Baú Pages: 361-374 | DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2018.1431865 Telling the impact investment story through digital media: an Indonesian case study Paul Ryder & Joanna Vogeley Pages: 375-395 | DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2017.1387956 Ear to the ground or useless entities? Citizen journalism and mainstream media in India Paromita Pain Pages: 396-411 | DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2018.1433932 Book Review Māori television – the first ten years, by Jo Smith, Auckland, Auckland University Press, 2016, 210 pp., NZ$45 (paperback), ISBN 978 1 86940 857 2 Steve Elers Pages: 412-413 | DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2018.1421360 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Voice and Speech Review, Volume 12, Issue 3, November 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Voice and Speech Review, Volume 12, Issue 3, November 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Editor's Note Fearless Scholarship: Looking Out and Looking In Rockford Sansom Pages: 231-233 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1518856 Articles The Story of the Australian Voice Melissa Agnew Pages: 234-240 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1468305 The Role of the Production Voice Coach in Contemporary Australian Theatre Simon Masterton Pages: 241-255 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1468306 The Authentic Actor: An Examination of Vocal Training within the Australian Conservatory Model Andrea Moor Pages: 256-266 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1466763 Field Notes for an Australian Production of The Beautiful Game: A Case Study in Coaching Challenges Luzita Fereday Pages: 267-275 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1464621 Article Finding a Way: More Tales of Dyslexia and Dyspraxia in Psychophysical Actor Training Daron Oram Pages: 276-294 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1518375 The Current Use of Standard Dialects in Speech Practice and Pedagogy: A Mixed Method Study Examining the VASTA Community in the United States Melissa Tonning-Kollwitz & Joe Hetterly Pages: 295-315 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1500195 Yat, Uptown, and Cajun French Accents in English Artemis Preeshl & Kirby Wahl Pages: 316-331 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1517436 Articles The Relationship between Solo Performance and Applied Singing Lessons: Mambo as a Qualitative Study Monica Harte Pages: 332-350 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1483603 Discussion Notes on the 2018 VASTA/PAVA Conference Soma and Science: Bridging the Gap in Interdisciplinary Voice Training Kate Glasheen & Jeremy Sortore Pages: 351-355 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1518378 Forum Performing Arts Training in the Age of #MeToo Jennifer Spencer Pages: 356-366 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1488461 Editorial A Shout Out in Praise of Shouting Out Ursula Meyer Pages: 367-368 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1518373 Book Review Acting the Song Performance: Skills for the Musical Theater Shannon Holmes Pages: 369-378 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1468299 Book Reviews Cracking Shakespeare: A Hands-on Guide for Actors and Directors + Video Michael Elliott Pages: 371-374 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1480173 The Actor Uncovered: A Life in Acting Frances Mulinix Pages: 374-376 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1486964 Voice Training Programs for Professional Speakers: Global Outcomes Ursula Meyer Pages: 376-378 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2018.1480467 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Radiation Oncology Mobile Application

Conditions:   Head and Neck Cancer;   Radiation Toxicity
Intervention:  
Sponsor:   King Hussein Cancer Center
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2RUVnro

Phase III Study of Camrelizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Condition:   Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Interventions:   Drug: Camrelizumab;   Drug: Placebos;   Drug: Gemcitabine;   Drug: Cisplatin
Sponsor:   Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd.
Not yet recruiting

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The Effect of Functional Exercises on Balance With Postural Thoracic Kyphosis

Conditions:   Postural Kyphosis;   Balance
Interventions:   Behavioral: The Group I Postural Exercise;   Behavioral: The Group II Three-dimensional Exercise Therapy Program
Sponsor:   Istanbul Medipol University Hospital
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2RMKS9r

Genetic Analysis of Blood and Tissue Samples From Participants With Advanced Cancer

Conditions:   Advanced Melanoma;   Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma;   Anatomic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Anatomic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Anatomic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Anatomic Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Clinical Stage III Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Clinical Stage IV Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Clinical Stage IVA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Clinical Stage IVB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Pathologic Stage III Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Pathologic Stage IIIA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Pathologic Stage IIIB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Pathologic Stage IV Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Pathologic Stage IVA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Pathologic Stage IVB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8;   Prognostic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Prognostic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Prognostic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Prognostic Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Prognostic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage III Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIA Lung Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIA1 Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIA2 Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIC Lung Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IIIC Prostate Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IV Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVA Lung Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVA Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVB Lung Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVB Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8;   Stage IVC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8
Intervention:   Procedure: Biospecimen Collection
Sponsor:   National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Not yet recruiting

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Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy Profile of Rivoceranib With Paclitaxel in Advanced GC or GEJ Cancer.

Conditions:   Gastric Cancer;   Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Interventions:   Drug: Rivoceranib;   Drug: Paclitaxel
Sponsor:   LSK BioPartners Inc.
Not yet recruiting

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Back Pain in Medical Students at The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica

Condition:   Back Pain
Intervention:   Other: Spine Exercise Program
Sponsor:   The University of The West Indies
Not yet recruiting

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CAR T and PD-1 Knockout Engineered T Cells for Esophageal Cancer

Condition:   Advanced Esophageal Cancer
Interventions:   Biological: Anti-MUC1 CAR-T cells;   Biological: PD-1 knockout Engineered T cells;   Combination Product: CAR-T combined with PD-1 Knockout T cells
Sponsors:   The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University;   Guangzhou Anjie Biomedical Technology Co;LTD
Recruiting

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A Study to Compare Efficacy and Safety of DRT VS CRT Plus Surgery in Patients Who Achieved CCR for Esophageal Cancer

Conditions:   Stage II Esophageal Cancer;   Stage III Esophageal Cancer
Interventions:   Combination Product: Definitive Radiochemotherapy;   Combination Product: Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy
Sponsors:   Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital;   Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences;   Sun Yat-sen University;   Beijing Cancer Hospital
Not yet recruiting

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Scholar : Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, Volume 36, Issue 4, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, Volume 36, Issue 4, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. International Experiences of Life in Recovery This new issue contains the following articles: Editorials Editorial: International Experiences of Life in Recovery David Best & Michael Edwards Pages: 429-436 | DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1488551 Articles Life in Recovery: A Families' Perspective Michael Edwards, David Best, James Irving & Catrin Andersson Pages: 437-458 | DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1488553 Participation with online recovery specific groups - findings from the UK Life in Recovery survey 2015 Simon Graham, Jamie Irving, Ivan Cano & Michael Edwards Pages: 459-481 | DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1500873 Multiple Pathways to Recovery, Multiple Roads to Well-Being: An Analysis of Recovery Pathways in the Australian Life in Recovery Survey Elizabeth Elms, Michael Savic, Ramez Bathish, David Best, Victoria Manning & Dan I. Lubman Pages: 482-498 | DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1490158 Life in Recovery from Addiction in Canada: Examining Gender Pathways with a Focus on the Female Experience Robyn J. McQuaid PhD & Colleen Dell PhD Pages: 499-516 | DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1502642 REC-PATH (Recovery Pathways): Overview of a Four-Country Study of Pathways to Recovery from Problematic Drug Use David Best, Wouter Vanderplasschen, Dike Van de Mheen, Jessica De Maeyer, Charlotte Colman, Freya Vander Laenen, Jamie Irving, Catrin Andersson, Michael Edwards, Lore Bellaert, Thomas Martinelli, Simon Graham, Rebecca Hamer & Gera E. Nagelhout Pages: 517-529 | DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1488550 Life in Recovery in Australia and the United Kingdom: Do Stages of Recovery Differ Across National Boundaries? David Best PhD, Michael Savic PhD, Ramez Bathish, Michael Edwards, Jamie Irving, Ivan Cano & Kathy Albertson Pages: 530-541 | DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1492336 Miscellaneous Editorial Board EOV Pages: 542-542 | DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1526894 JOIN US at the 2019 JCCAP Future Directions Forum June 28-29, 2019 - Professional development training in child and adolescent mental health. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Thyroid ultrasonography reporting: consensus of Italian Thyroid Association (AIT), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Ultrasonography in Medicine and Biology (SIUMB) and Ultrasound Chapter of Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM)

Abstract

Thyroid ultrasonography (US) is the gold standard for thyroid imaging and its widespread use is due to an optimal spatial resolution for superficial anatomic structures, a low cost and the lack of health risks. Thyroid US is a pivotal tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of autoimmune thyroid diseases, for assessing nodule size and echostructure and defining the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules. The main limitation of US is the poor reproducibility, due to the variable experience of the operators and the different performance and settings of the equipments. Aim of this consensus statement is to standardize the report of thyroid US through the definition of common minimum requirements and a correct terminology. US patterns of autoimmune thyroid diseases are defined. US signs of malignancy in thyroid nodules are classified and scored in each nodule. We also propose a simplified nodule risk stratification, based on the predictive value of each US sign, classified and scored according to the strength of association with malignancy, but also to the estimated reproducibility among different operators.

https://ift.tt/2yp6mRz

Effect of air-blowing time and long-term storage on bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of air-blowing time and storage time on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of universal adhesives to dentin.

Materials and methods

Ninety flat dentin surfaces from extracted human third molars were bonded with three universal adhesives (Clearfil Universal Bond-CU; G-Premio Bond-GP; Scotchbond Universal Adhesives-SB). Bonded dentin surfaces were air-dried for 5 s, 15 s, or 30 s followed by resin composite built-up. Resin-dentin beams were tested with μTBS test after different storage time in distilled water (24 h and 1 year). Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Duncan test at (α = 0.05). Failure mode and resin-dentin interfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specific features of fractured beams after μTBS were further observed using SEM at high magnification.

Results

Extension of air-blowing time from 5 s to 30 s increased the 24 h μTBS of CU only. Bond strength of all adhesives significantly decreased after 1-year storage except for CU at 5 s and 30 s of air-blowing time. One-year μTBS were significantly higher when air-blowing times were extended to 15 s for SB and 30 s for CU. Air-blowing time had no influence on GP.

Conclusion

The effect of air-blowing time and storage time on resin-dentin bond was material-dependent.

Clinical relevance

Extended air-blowing time increased the bond strength and bond durability of CU. Extension of air-blowing time to 15 s and 30 s improve the long-term bond strength of SB and CU, respectively.

https://ift.tt/2NHIw8s

Scholar : Asian Journal of Political Science, Volume 26, Issue 3, December 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Asian Journal of Political Science, Volume 26, Issue 3, December 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. Postcolonial Perspectives on Weapons Control This new issue contains the following articles: Editorial Postcolonial perspectives on weapons control Ritu Mathur Pages: 293-296 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1526694 Articles Techno-Racial dynamics of denial & difference in weapons control Ritu Mathur Pages: 297-313 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1515640 Decolonizing arms control: the Asian African Legal Consultative Committee and the legality of nuclear testing, 1960–64 Itty Abraham Pages: 314-330 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1485588 Iran v 'the international community': a postcolonial analysis of the negotiations on the Iranian nuclear program Shampa Biswas Pages: 331-351 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1481441 Resignifying 'responsibility': India, exceptionalism and nuclear non-proliferation Priya Chacko & Alexander E Davis Pages: 352-370 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1486218 The '-Pacific' part of 'Asia-Pacific': Oceanic diplomacy in the 2017 treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons Matthew Bolton Pages: 371-389 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1515641 Regular Articles Legal governance of NGOs in China under Xi Jinping: Reinforcing divide and rule Heejin Han Pages: 390-409 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1506994 Nepal, federalism and participatory constitution-making: deliberative democracy and divided societies Michael G. Breen Pages: 410-430 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1515639 Administrative reform in India: retaining the British steel frame Noor Mohammad Masum Pages: 431-446 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2018.1525570 Discover Asian Affairs' latest Special Issue: Ghosts from the Past? Assessing Recent Developments in Religious Freedom in South Asia To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.