Visualize and quantify the structural alteration of the rat spinal cord injury based on multiphoton microscopy

Abstract

The development of imaging technique to visualize and quantify the structural alteration of the spinal cord injury (SCI) may lead to better understanding and treatments of the injuries. In this work, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) was tentatively applied to quantitatively visualize the cellular microstructures of SCI to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of MPM in SCI imaging. High-contrast MPM images of normal and injured spinal cord tissue were obtained for comparison. Moreover, the changes of injured spinal cord were characterized by the quantitative analysis of the MPM images. These results showed that MPM combined with quantitative method has the ability to identify the characteristics of spinal cord injury including the changes in the contents of nerve fibers and extracellular matrix. With the advancement of MPM, we believe that this technique has great potential to provide the histological diagnosis for the monitoring and evaluation of SCI.

https://ift.tt/2NqFjOA

The Balance of Sleep: Role of the Vestibular Sensory System

The vestibular system encodes linear and angular head motion supporting numerous functions from gaze stabilization and postural control, to high-level cortical functions involving spatial cognition, including self-body perception, verticality perception, orientation, navigation and spatial memory. At the brainstem and mesencephalic levels, the vestibular organs also influence postural blood pressure regulation, bone density and muscle composition via specific vestibulo-sympathetic efferences and have been shown to act as a powerful synchronizer of circadian rhythms.

https://ift.tt/2oS0Lyb

An autologous protein gel for soft tissue augmentation: in vitro characterization and clinical evaluation

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2CBs0Xe

Effects of coal blending in electrostatic precipitation efficiency—Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract

Based on this study, the Al₂O₃ content of Jungar coal ash is over 45%, and the resistivity of high-Al₂O₃ ash in Jungar reaches up to 10¹² Ω​·cm. These results seriously influenced the electric characteristics of fly ash, and the collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) evidently decreased. To facilitate the effective collection of fine particle in the flue gas generated before and after coal blending via ESP, the fly ash obtained from a power plant electrostatic precipitation was analyzed in terms of resistivity, size distribution, and cohesive force through a portable dust electrical resistivity test instrument, Bahco centrifuge, and a cohesive force test apparatus invented by the researchers. The mixed ratio of else coal is higher than 50%, the resistivity of the fly ash in the flue gas was lowered to approximately two orders of magnitude, and the size distribution showed an evident decrease in the PM2.5 and PM10 content in fly ash. In addition, the adhesive force and efficiency increase from 95.9 to 99.5% in the electrostatic precipitation. Therefore, the combustion of blending coal is an effective approach to improve the efficiency of ESP used to collect high-Al₂O₃ fly ash.

https://ift.tt/2CuUzFT

Improved waste-sourced biocomposite for simultaneous removal of crude oil and heavy metals from synthetic and real oilfield-produced water

Abstract

Oil- and gas-produced water (PW) which contains various pollutants is an enormous threat to the environment. In this study, a novel low-cost bio-adsorbent was prepared from shrimp shell and acid-activated montmorillonite. The results of FT-IR spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and SEM-EDX technique indicated that the chitosan-activated montmorillonite (CTS-A-MMT) was prepared successfully. The synthesized CTS-A-MMT was applied to remove simultaneously five cationic and anionic metal species and crude oil from synthetic and real oilfield PW. The adsorption data indicated that crude oil and all studied metals (except As) were adsorbed to CTS-A-MMT in a monolayer model (best fitted by Langmuir model), while As adsorption fits well with Freundlich model. Kinetic models' evaluation demonstrated that the adsorption kinetics of metals on CTS-A-MMT are initially controlled by the chemical reaction (film diffusion) followed by intra-particle diffusion. Application of the prepared CTS-A-MMT in real oilfield PW indicated removal efficiency of 65 to 93% for metals and 87% for crude oil in simultaneous removal experiments. Presence of additional ions in PW decreased the removal of studied metals and crude oil considerably; however, the concentration of the investigated pollutants in treated PW is less than the ocean discharge criteria. It is concluded that the prepared CTS-A-MMT composite is a low-cost and effective adsorbent for treating wastewater contaminated with crude oil and heavy metals (i.e., PW).

https://ift.tt/2QepkSc

Physicochemical properties of acid- and pepsin-soluble collagens from the cartilage of Siberian sturgeon

Abstract

To look for the collagen alternatives of mammalian cartilages from aquatics and their by-products, acid-soluble collagen (ASC-SC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC-SC) were extracted from cartilages of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) with yields of 27.13 ± 1.15 and 14.69 ± 0.85% on dry weight basis. ASC-SC and PSC-SC had glycine as the major amino acid with the contents of 326.8 and 327.5 residues 1000 residues⁻¹, and their contents of proline and hydroxyproline were 205.9 and 208.0 residues 1000 residues⁻¹. ASC-SC and PSC-SC comprised type I collagen ([α1(I)]₂α2(I)) and type II collagen ([α1(II)]₃) on the literatures and results of amino acid composition, SDS-PAGE pattern, UV, and FTIR spectra. Meanwhile, FTIR spectra data indicated that there were more hydrogen bonds in ASC-SC and more intermolecular crosslinks in PSC-SC. The maximum transition temperature (T_max) of the ASC (28.3 °C) and PSC (30.5 °C) was lower than those of collagens from mammalian cartilages (> 37 °C). ASC-SC and PSC-SC showed high solubility in the acidic pH ranges and the solubility decreased in the presence of NaCl at concentrations above 3%. Zeta potential studies indicated that both ASC-SC and PSC-SC exhibited a net zero charge at pH 6.30 and 6.32. SEM results indicated that ASC-SC and PSC-SC presented irregular dense sheet-like film linked by random-coiled filaments. Therefore, collagens from Siberian sturgeon cartilages might be the suitable alternatives of the collagens of mammal cartilages as functional ingredient to treat some diseases.

https://ift.tt/2Cz2KB1

The measurement of episodic foresight: A systematic review of assessment instruments

Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Beyon Miloyan, Kimberley A. McFarlane

Abstract

Prospection, or thinking about the future, is currently a topic of significant interdisciplinary research interest. Episodic foresight is considered a complex form of prospection that enables people to generate mental models of future scenarios with which to guide actions. In this article, we systematically review the available episodic foresight measurement instruments. PubMed and PsycInfo were searched through July, 2017 and manual searches of published reviews and snowball searches of included studies were also performed. The initial search yielded 970 records after the removal of duplicates, of which 363 underwent full-text screening. Studies that did not measure the imagination of future scenarios in adult humans, or that were not reported in English, were excluded. The review consists of 303 articles classified into two broad categories, content measures and generation measures, that were further subdivided into one or more of six subcategories: (i) phenomenology (60%); (ii) examination (49%); (iii) fluency (12%); (iii) reaction time (12%); sentence completion (5%); and thought sampling (2%). We catalogue the available instruments in these sections, and provide a summary overview of each category. Following phenomenological measures, the adapted Autobiographical Interview and measures of specificity were the most frequently used instruments. We conclude that none of the available instruments have been appropriately validated for use, and therefore suggest caution with the use of any of the included measures. The development of behavioural measures designed to capture degrees of episodic foresight ability in functionally relevant contexts among humans would provide a major advance over the currently available instruments.

https://ift.tt/2CxHxr3

The misattribution of emotions and the error-related negativity: a Registered Report

Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Nathaniel Elkins-Brown, Blair Saunders, Michael Inzlicht

Abstract

A growing body of work in social and affective neuroscience suggests that emotion plays an instrumental role in error monitoring processes, rather than only a moderating one. High-powered replications of studies that support this idea, however, are lacking. Here, we attempted a preregistered replication of our own study that had provided evidence for the functional role of emotions in error monitoring: that a neural signal of error monitoring—the error-related negativity—is reduced when participants undergo a misattribution of arousal procedure (Inzlicht & Al-Khindi, 2012). Like a previous replication attempt (Rodilla, Beauducel, & Leue, 2016), our misattribution procedure failed to reduce the amplitude of the ERN. However, it also failed its manipulation check to reduce state anxiety, limiting the conclusions we can draw. Nonetheless, these findings are consistent with the view that our original study may have been a false positive. We discuss these findings in the context of the replication crisis in psychology and of work on the emotional properties of the ERN.

https://ift.tt/2oQEcJW

Influence of phosphate amendment and zinc foliar application on heavy metal accumulation in wheat and on soil extractability impacted by a lead smelter near Jiyuan, China

Abstract

Higher concentrations of Pb and Cd in wheat grains harvested in several lead-smelting-polluted areas in northern China have been reported. This field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphate amendment and Zn foliar application on the accumulation of Pb and Cd in wheat grains grown in a lead-smelting impacted area in Jiyuan in northern China. The soil (total Pb and Cd are 261 and 2.65 mg kg⁻¹, respectively) was amended with superphosphate at P:Pb ratios (mol:mol) of 1.90 or 2.57 either during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting or a split of 60% of the phosphate applied at planting, with remaining 40% applied at the jointing stage. Zn was sprayed on the canopy of the wheat plants at the jointing stage. The phosphate amendment resulted in lower DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Pb (1.39–10.7% lower than the control) and Cd (0.040–7.12%) in the soil. No significant effect of split application of phosphate was found on Pb and Cd availability in soil; however, higher rates of P resulted in lower Pb and Cd availabilities in the soil. Grain Pb (5.41–21.5% lower than the control), Cd (3.62–6.76%), and Zn (4.29–9.02%) concentrations were negatively affected by the phosphate application, with higher rates of phosphate resulting in lower grain heavy metal concentrations. Foliar application had no statistically significant influence on Pb and Cd concentrations in the grain (p > 0.05). Although Pb and Cd concentrations in wheat grains were reduced by the phosphate application, their concentrations were still much higher than the maximum permissible concentrations for wheat in the national standards of China. The results suggest that it is feasible to reduce wheat grain concentrations of Pb and Cd in Pb-smelting-polluted areas in northern China by soil application of superphosphate; however, the split application of the phosphate and the foliar application of Zn compounds do not have substantial impact on reducing accumulation of Pb and Cd in the wheat grains.

https://ift.tt/2CAgz2e

Scholar : ΜΑΣΤΟΕΙΔΙΤΙΣ - νέα αποτελέσμ

Clinical features, management and visual outcomes of children with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, raised intra-cranial pressure and papilledema

R Davies, S Hassan, P Watts - Journal of American Association for Pediatric …, 2018

… Of the 36 patients, 16 (44.4%) had idiopathic intracranial hyper- tension
(IIH), 6 (16.7%) had intracranial tumors, 6 (16.7%) had cranio- synostosis,
2 (5.5%) had primary hydrocephalus, 1 (2.8%) had transverse sinus …

A population-based study of neurofibromatosis type I

BG Mohney, DO Hodge, BM Bata - Journal of American Association for Pediatric …, 2018

… Four were male. Mean age was 6.4 years (range, 4-10). All children had a preceding
diagnosis of otitis media and mastoiditis with severe headaches … High risk children, such
as those with mastoiditis and head- aches should be screened regularly …

Venous sinus thrombosis and alterations in csf dynamics, a basis for onsf for vision preservation: theory and case examples

JD Jensen, LC Ditta - Journal of American Association for Pediatric …, 2018

… Four were male. Mean age was 6.4 years (range, 4-10). All children had a preceding
diagnosis of otitis media and mastoiditis with severe headaches … High risk children, such
as those with mastoiditis and head- aches should be screened regularly …

Tubulin mutations and ophthalmic manifestations: a pediatric case series

V Panteli, A Liasis, R Bowman - Journal of American Association for Pediatric …, 2018

… Four were male. Mean age was 6.4 years (range, 4-10). All children had a preceding
diagnosis of otitis media and mastoiditis with severe headaches … High risk children, such
as those with mastoiditis and head- aches should be screened regularly …

Therapeutic strategies for durable response in plasma cell granulomas in the central nervous system

A Patel, MH Kocoglu, A Kaul - Annals of Hematology, 2018

… A 62-year-old male presented with a 6-week history of progressive
right-sided headaches. His medical history was significant for pulmonary
nodules biopsied with inconclusive results. Imaging was suggestive for …

Identification of underlying causes of papilledema in children

MC Mocan, U Sheth, R Hyde, L Kaufman - Journal of American Association for …, 2018

… Of the 36 patients, 16 (44.4%) had idiopathic intracranial hyper- tension
(IIH), 6 (16.7%) had intracranial tumors, 6 (16.7%) had cranio- synostosis,
2 (5.5%) had primary hydrocephalus, 1 (2.8%) had transverse sinus …

Visual field defects in pediatric intracranial hypertension

DL Rogers, HE Inger, CO Jordan, RE Reem… - Journal of American …, 2018

… Of the 36 patients, 16 (44.4%) had idiopathic intracranial hyper- tension
(IIH), 6 (16.7%) had intracranial tumors, 6 (16.7%) had cranio- synostosis,
2 (5.5%) had primary hydrocephalus, 1 (2.8%) had transverse sinus …

Iatrogenic papilledema in pediatric patients

DJ Lattin, S Freedman, M El-Dairi - Journal of American Association for Pediatric …, 2018

… Of the 36 patients, 16 (44.4%) had idiopathic intracranial hyper- tension
(IIH), 6 (16.7%) had intracranial tumors, 6 (16.7%) had cranio- synostosis,
2 (5.5%) had primary hydrocephalus, 1 (2.8%) had transverse sinus …

Incidence of surgical intervention in pediatric intracranial hypertension

HE Inger, ML McGregor, CO Jordan, RE Reem… - Journal of American …, 2018

… Of the 36 patients, 16 (44.4%) had idiopathic intracranial hyper- tension
(IIH), 6 (16.7%) had intracranial tumors, 6 (16.7%) had cranio- synostosis,
2 (5.5%) had primary hydrocephalus, 1 (2.8%) had transverse sinus …

[PDF] EFECTIVIDAD DE LA VACUNA ANTINEUMOCOCICA EN LA REDUCCIÓN DE LA OTITIS MEDIA EN NIÑOS MENORES DE 5 AÑOS

V Ascencio, A Katherine - 2018

… Dinamarca. Lo cual se evidencio por la reducción de la incidencia, entre 10 y 20%
respectivamente, de los niños hospitalizados por otitis media y/o sus complicaciones
(mastoiditis). Page 25. 25 DATOS DE LA PUBLICACIÓN …

 

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Scholar : Obstructive sleep apnea - νέα αποτελέσματα

Home Sleep Apnea Testing is a Feasible and Accurate Method to Diagnose Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Stroke Patients During In-Hospital Rehabilitation.

MT Saletu, ST Kotzian, A Schwarzinger, S Haider… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2018

To study the feasibility and accuracy of home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) in the
diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a stroke rehabilitation unit. Stroke
patients referred to a neurorehabilitation center underwent OSA screening by means …

CPAP Therapy Delays Cardiovagal Reactivation and Decreases Arterial Renin-Angiotensin System Activity in Humans With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

DDM Nicholl, PJ Hanly, AA Zalucky, MC Mann… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The
effect of OSA treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the
cardiovascular response to a stressor is unknown. We sought to determine the effect …

Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity Among Middle-Aged Women: Implications for Exercise Capacity.

RQ Coutinho, IML Barros, L Costa, AKL Medeiros… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2018

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between obstructive
sleep apnea (OSA) and exercise capacity in middle-aged women. Consecutive
middle-aged female subjects without cardiovascular disease, aged 45 to 65 years …

Analysis of Aortic Remodeling and Stiffness in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Preliminary Results

S Cicco, G Castellana, L Marra, S Dragonieri, P Carratù… - Oxygen Transport to Tissue …, 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular
diseases. Several studies have shown that OSA is associated with vessel
remodeling, but few studies have examined aorta. Aim: to analyse aortic remodelling …

[HTML] Comparison of upper airway patency in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea during dexmedetomidine or propofol sedation: a prospective, randomized …

HJ Shin, EY Kim, JW Hwang, SH Do, HS Na - BMC Anesthesiology, 2018

Background In addition to propofol, dexmedetomidine is a suitable alternative for
intraoperative sedation in procedures requiring regional anesthesia. To date,
however, little is known about the influences of each drug on upper airway patency …

Vascular Response During Mental Stress in Sedentary and Physically Active Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

R Ferreira-Silva, TT Goya, ERF Barbosa, BG Durante… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2018

To compare vascular function of sedentary (SED) versus physically active (ACTIVE)
patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during rest and mental stress. Patients
with untreated OSA without other comorbidities were classified into SED and ACTIVE …

Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea is Associated With Changes in the Oral Microbiome and Urinary Metabolomics Profile: A Pilot Study.

H Xu, X Li, X Zheng, Y Xia, Y Fu, Y Qian, J Zou, A Zhao… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2018

Several cross-sectional studies have reported associations between oral diseases
and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there have been no reports regarding
the structure and composition of the oral microbiota with simultaneous evaluation of …

Evaluation of body position in upper airway stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea—is continuous voltage sufficient enough?

A Steffen, JT Hartmann, IR König, MJL Ravesloot… - Sleep and Breathing, 2018

Purpose The definition of positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is widely
accepted as a difference of 50% or more in AHI between supine and non-supine
position. Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is an effective treatment for OSA but the …

Postoperative Monitoring Following Adenotonsillectomy for Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea

CB Rhodes, A Eid, G Muller, A Kull, T Head… - Annals of Otology …, 2018

Introduction: Patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy (T&A) for severe obstructive
sleep apnea (OSA) are usually admitted for observation, and many surgeons use the
intensive care unit (ICU) for observation due to the risk of postsurgical airway …

Race, Sex, Age, and Regional Differences in the Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Atrial Fibrillation: Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in …

L Ghazi, A Bennett, ME Petrov, VJ Howard, MM Safford… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2018

To examine the cross-sectional association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
risk and atrial fibrillation (AF) in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences
in Stroke (REGARDS), a cohort of black and white adults. Using REGARDS data …

 

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