Ιατρικά Άρθρα: 07/26/18

Author(s): Sara Stampacchia, Hannah E. Thompson, Emily Ball, Upasana Nathaniel, Glyn Hallam, Jonathan Smallwood, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph, Elizabeth Jefferies

Abstract

Semantic cognition is supported by two interactive components: semantic representations and mechanisms that regulate retrieval (cf. 'semantic control'). Neuropsychological studies have revealed a clear dissociation between semantic and episodic memory. This study explores if the same dissociation holds for control processes that act on episodic and semantic memory, or whether both types of long-term memory are supported by the same executive mechanisms. We addressed this question in a case-series of semantic aphasic patients who had difficulty retrieving both verbal and non-verbal conceptual information in an appropriate fashion following infarcts to left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG). We observed parallel deficits in semantic and episodic memory: (i) the patients' difficulties extended beyond verbal materials to include picture tasks in both domains; (ii) both types of retrieval benefitted from cues designed to reduce the need for internal constraint; (iii) there was little impairment of both semantic and episodic tasks when control demands were minimised; (iv) there were similar effects of distractors across tasks. Episodic retrieval was highly susceptible to false memories elicited by semantically-related distractors, and confidence was inappropriately high in these circumstances. Semantic judgements were also prone to contamination from recent events. These findings demonstrate that patients with deregulated semantic cognition have comparable deficits in episodic retrieval. The results are consistent with a role for LIFG in resolving competition within both episodic and semantic memory, and also in biasing cognition towards task-relevant memory stores when episodic and semantic representations do not promote the same response.

https://ift.tt/2v83OVC

Methylphenidate Attenuates the Cognitive and Mood Alterations Observed in Mbnl2 Knockout Mice and Reduces Microglia Overexpression

Abstract

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem disorder affecting muscle and central nervous system (CNS) function. The cellular mechanisms underlying CNS alterations are poorly understood and no useful treatments exist for the neuropsychological deficits observed in DM1 patients. We investigated the progression of behavioral deficits present in male and female muscleblind-like 2 (Mbnl2) knockout (KO) mice, a rodent model of CNS alterations in DM1, and determined the biochemical and electrophysiological correlates in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), striatum and hippocampus (HPC). Male KO exhibited more cognitive impairment and depressive-like behavior than female KO mice. In the mPFC, KO mice showed an overexpression of proinflammatory microglia, increased transcriptional levels of Dat, Drd1, and Drd2, exacerbated dopamine levels, and abnormal neural spiking and oscillatory activities in the mPFC and HPC. Chronic treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) (1 and 3 mg/kg) reversed the behavioral deficits, reduced proinflammatory microglia in the mPFC, normalized prefrontal Dat and Drd2 gene expression, and increased Bdnf and Nrf2 mRNA levels. These findings unravel the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of MPH on cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviors observed in Mbnl2 KO mice, and suggest that MPH could be a potential candidate to treat the CNS deficiencies in DM1 patients.

https://ift.tt/2vcy5T0

PTPN11 Gain-of-Function Mutations Affect the Developing Human Brain, Memory, and Attention

Abstract

The Ras-MAPK pathway has an established role in neural development and synaptic signaling. Mutations in this pathway are associated with a collection of neurodevelopmental syndromes, Rasopathies; among these, Noonan syndrome (NS) is the most common (1:2000). Prior research has focused on identifying genetic mutations and cellular mechanisms of the disorder, however, effects of NS on the human brain remain unknown. Here, imaging and cognitive data were collected from 12 children with PTPN11-related NS, ages 4.0–11.0 years (8.98 ± 2.33) and 12 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls (8.79 ± 2.17). We observe reduced gray matter volume in bilateral corpus striatum (Cohen's d = −1.0:−1.3), reduced surface area in temporal regions (d = −1.8:−2.2), increased cortical thickness in frontal regions (d = 1.2–1.3), and reduced cortical thickness in limbic regions (d = −1.6), including limbic structures integral to the circuitry of the hippocampus. Further, we find high levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and memory deficits in children with NS. Taken together, these results identify effects of NS on specific brain regions associated with ADHD and learning in children. While our research lays the groundwork for elucidating the neural and behavioral mechanisms of NS, it also adds an essential tier to understanding the Ras-MAPK pathway's role in human brain development.

https://ift.tt/2Okuawc

Mental Imagery Follows Similar Cortical Reorganization as Perception: Intra-Modal and Cross-Modal Plasticity in Congenitally Blind

Abstract

Cortical plasticity in congenitally blind individuals leads to cross-modal activation of the visual cortex and may lead to superior perceptual processing in the intact sensory domains. Although mental imagery is often defined as a quasi-perceptual experience, it is unknown whether it follows similar cortical reorganization as perception in blind individuals. In this study, we show that auditory versus tactile perception evokes similar intra-modal discriminative patterns in congenitally blind compared with sighted participants. These results indicate that cortical plasticity following visual deprivation does not influence broad intra-modal organization of auditory and tactile perception as measured by our task. Furthermore, not only the blind, but also the sighted participants showed cross-modal discriminative patterns for perception modality in the visual cortex. During mental imagery, both groups showed similar decoding accuracies for imagery modality in the intra-modal primary sensory cortices. However, no cross-modal discriminative information for imagery modality was found in early visual cortex of blind participants, in contrast to the sighted participants. We did find evidence of cross-modal activation of higher visual areas in blind participants, including the representation of specific-imagined auditory features in visual area V4.

https://ift.tt/2v8XrRY

Evidence for a Posterior Parietal Cortex Contribution to Spatial but not Temporal Numerosity Perception

Abstract

Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is thought to encode and represent the number of objects in a visual scene (i.e., numerosity). Whether this representation is shared for simultaneous and sequential stimuli (i.e., mode independency) is debated. We tested the existence of a common neural substrate for the encoding of these modes using fMRI. While both modes elicited overlapping BOLD response in occipital areas, only simultaneous numerosities significantly activated PPC. Unique activation for sequential numerosities was found in bilateral temporal areas. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed numerosity selectivity in PPC only for simultaneous numerosities and revealed differential encoding of presentation modes. Voxel-wise numerosity tuning functions for simultaneous numerosities in occipital and parietal ROIs revealed increasing numerosity selectivity along an occipito-to-parietal gradient. Our results suggest that the parietal cortex is involved in the extraction of spatial but not temporal numerosity and question the idea of commonly used cortical circuits for a mode-independent numerosity representation.

https://ift.tt/2LuVXfW

A Quantitative Study on the Distribution of Mitochondria in the Neuropil of the Juvenile Rat Somatosensory Cortex

Abstract

Mitochondria play a key role in energy production and calcium buffering, among many other functions. They provide most of the energy required by neurons, and they are transported along axons and dendrites to the regions of higher energy demands. We have used focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to obtain stacks of serial sections from the somatosensory cortex of the juvenile rat. We have estimated the volume fraction occupied by mitochondria and their distribution between dendritic, axonal, and nonsynaptic processes. The volume fraction of mitochondria increased from layer I (4.59%) to reach its maximum in layer IV (7.74%) and decreased to its minimum in layer VI (4.03%). On average, 44% of mitochondrial volume was located in dendrites, 15% in axons and 41% in nonsynaptic elements. Given that dendrites, axons, and nonsynaptic elements occupied 38%, 23%, and 39% of the neuropil, respectively, it can be concluded that dendrites are proportionally richer in mitochondria with respect to axons, supporting the notion that most energy consumption takes place at the postsynaptic side. We also found a positive correlation between the volume fraction of mitochondria located in neuronal processes and the density of synapses.

https://ift.tt/2v8X21U

Target Interneuron Preference in Thalamocortical Pathways Determines the Temporal Structure of Cortical Responses

Abstract

Sensory processing relies on fast detection of changes in environment, as well as integration of contextual cues over time. The mechanisms by which local circuits of the cerebral cortex simultaneously perform these opposite processes remain obscure. Thalamic "specific" nuclei relay sensory information, whereas "nonspecific" nuclei convey information on the environmental and behavioral contexts. We expressed channelrhodopsin in the ventrobasal specific (sensory) or the rhomboid nonspecific (contextual) thalamic nuclei. By selectively activating each thalamic pathway, we found that nonspecific inputs powerfully activate adapting (slow-responding) interneurons but weakly connect fast-spiking interneurons, whereas specific inputs exhibit opposite interneuron preference. Specific inputs thereby induce rapid feedforward inhibition that limits response duration, whereas, in the same cortical area, nonspecific inputs elicit delayed feedforward inhibition that enables lasting recurrent excitation. Using a mean field model, we confirm that cortical response dynamics depends on the type of interneuron targeted by thalamocortical inputs and show that efficient recruitment of adapting interneurons prolongs the cortical response and allows the summation of sensory and contextual inputs. Hence, target choice between slow- and fast-responding inhibitory neurons endows cortical networks with a simple computational solution to perform both sensory detection and integration.

https://ift.tt/2Ltd01y

Stress Impairs Episodic Retrieval by Disrupting Hippocampal and Cortical Mechanisms of Remembering

Abstract

Despite decades of science investigating the neural underpinnings of episodic memory retrieval, a critical question remains: how does stress influence remembering and the neural mechanisms of recollection in humans? Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate pattern analyses to examine the effects of acute stress during retrieval. We report that stress reduced the probability of recollecting the details of past experience, and that this impairment was driven, in part, by a disruption of the relationship between hippocampal activation, cortical reinstatement, and memory performance. Moreover, even memories expressed with high confidence were less accurate under stress, and this stress-induced decline in accuracy was explained by reduced posterior hippocampal engagement despite similar levels of category-level cortical reinstatement. Finally, stress degraded the relationship between the engagement of frontoparietal control networks and retrieval decision uncertainty. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the widespread consequences of acute stress on the neural systems of remembering.

https://ift.tt/2v4HYC8

Risk and Relevance of Insulin Pump Therapy in the Aetiology of Ketoacidosis in People with Type 1 Diabetes

02-2018-0066-dia_10-1055-a-0654-5134-1.j

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/a-0654-5134

Objective The aim of this systematic data analysis was to determine the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as well as hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic disorders during insulin pump therapy (CSII) in patients with type 1 diabetes. The main focus was to investigate whether CSII patients have more DKA than the general type 1 diabetes population. Subjects and Methods This retrospective study with patients who were treated in our treatment center from 2003 to 2016 includes data from 229 patients (52.4% male, 47.6% female, 37.2±16.3 years; DKA: 93, hypoglycemia: 66, hyperglycemia: 70). Results Intensified insulin therapy was the most common treatment regimen in the study cohort (73.4%), followed by CSII (24%). However, 32.3% of the patients with DKA were on CSII. This number of DKA cases among the insulin pump users in our study cohort was higher than the prevalence reported in a previously published study by Reichel et al. (2013; p<0.05) and in a customer database (p<0.005). Most common causes of DKA in our study cohort were patient errors (43.3%) or insulin resistance induced by an underlying infection (29.8%). Device malfunction caused 13.5% of all DKA cases with an overwhelming majority on insulin pump treatment (93%). Overall, patient errors caused more DKA cases than device malfunctions. Conclusions Our findings suggest that despite development of more sophisticated insulin pump devices, DKA is still more frequent with CSII than with other kinds of insulin treatment.
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Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Fangchinoline Protects Against Renal Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating the MAPK Signaling Pathway

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/a-0636-3883

In this study, we evaluated the nephroprotective effects of fangchinoline in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN was induced by feeding a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and administering a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The rats were split into groups; one group received oral fangchinoline (3 mg/kg) per day for 8 weeks. After completion of the 8-week study period, biomedical and inflammatory markers were evaluated in serum and urine, and oxidative stress was estimated in kidney tissues. In addition, Western blot assays, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in the kidney tissues of DN rats. The results suggest that treatment with fangchinoline attenuated the biochemical marker changes induced by DN in blood and urine. Moreover, a significant (p<0.01) reduction in inflammatory markers in serum was found in the fangchinoline group compared to the controls. Immunohistochemical analyses also revealed that treatment with fangchinoline significantly reduced the expression of collagen IV and CD31 in the kidneys compared to the control group. The expression of p38 MAPK, TNF-α, COX-2, and MMP-9 was also attenuated by fangchinoline treatment in the kidney tissues of DN rats. Together, the results of this study suggest that fangchinoline protects against nephron damage by attenuating alterations in the p38 MAPK pathway, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in DN rats.
[...]

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

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Estimating tomato tolerance to heavy metal toxicity: cadmium as study case

Abstract

This work aimed to develop a reliable and fast approach to estimate the plant tolerance degree to heavy metal (HM) phytotoxicity. Two independent experiments were carried out using tomato accessions, with contrasting morphological features, that were grown in a hydroponic solution containing different CdCl₂ concentrations for 7 days. Plant dry weight and chlorophyll content (SPAD units) were evaluated, and tolerance degree to Cd toxicity was estimated according to the tolerance index (TI), which is a new mathematical formula based on plant biomass proposed in this study. Although with different magnitudes, tomato exhibited reductions in their dry weight concurrently with the increasing CdCl₂ concentration. By contrast, chlorophyll content presented no standard response, decreasing and even increasing according to CdCl₂ concentrations, indicating that only under certain conditions (particularly, at CdCl₂ 50 μM), this parameter can be used to estimate plant tolerance to Cd toxicity. TI was efficiently able to segregate tomato cultivars with similar performance (based on the total dry weight of plants), and such segregation was optimized when the hydroponic solution contained from 25 to 50 μM CdCl₂. Within this range, data pointed at 35 μM CdCl₂ as the best concentration to be employed in studies related to the tomato tolerance/sensitivity to Cd toxicity. In conclusion, TI proved to be a reliable estimator of tolerance degree to Cd exposure in genetically distinct tomato accessions. Moreover, TI can be used for this same purpose in plants under other HM-induced stresses.

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Tribute to Glyn W. Humphreys, 1954 – 2016

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Martin Edwards, Monika Harvey, Julie Snowden

https://ift.tt/2OkS9LH

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Which metabolic procedure? Comparing outcomes in sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en Y gastric bypass

Obesity and its associated comorbidities have become one of the largest challenges for health care in the near future. Conservative therapy for obesity and related comorbidities has a very high failure rate and poor long-term results. Similarly, the conservative and medical management of the majority of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus are only able to slow down disease progression but have no causal effect on the disease process. Obesity surgery has evolved as a highly effective therapy for severe obesity achieving long-lasting weight loss. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of obesity surgery on reduction of overall mortality, reduction of cardiovascular events and superior control of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and also the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared to medical therapy. Based on these findings, the term 'metabolic surgery' with the focus on treating metabolic diseases independent of body weight has been coined. Of great interest are recent studies that show that even existing complications of metabolic diseases such as diabetic nephropathy or the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can be reversed by metabolic surgery. Although metabolic surgery has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for obesity, resolution of comorbidities and enhancing quality of life, it is still uncertain and unclear, which surgical procedure is the most effective to achieve these metabolic effects. The aim of this review is to compare the effects of the two currently most widely used metabolic operations, the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the sleeve gastrectomy in the treatment of obesity and its related comorbidities.

https://ift.tt/2AaYbvF

A randomised, open-label, parallel group phase 2 study of antisense oligonucleotide therapy in acromegaly

Objective

ATL1103 is a second-generation antisense oligomer targeting the human growth hormone (GH) receptor. This phase 2 randomised, open-label, parallel-group study assessed the potential of ATL1103 as a treatment for acromegaly.

Design

Twenty-six patients with active acromegaly (IGF-I >130% upper limit of normal) were randomised to subcutaneous ATL1103 200 mg either once or twice weekly for 13 weeks and monitored for a further 8-week washout period.

Methods

The primary efficacy measures were change in IGF-I at week 14, compared to baseline and between cohorts. For secondary endpoints (IGFBP3, acid labile subunit (ALS), GH, growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP)), comparison was between baseline and week 14. Safety was assessed by reported adverse events.

Results and conclusions

Baseline median IGF-I was 447 and 649 ng/mL in the once- and twice-weekly groups respectively. Compared to baseline, at week 14, twice-weekly ATL1103 resulted in a median fall in IGF-I of 27.8% (P = 0.0002). Between cohort comparison at week 14 demonstrated the median fall in IGF-I to be 25.8% (P = 0.0012) greater with twice-weekly dosing. In the twice-weekly cohort, IGF-I was still declining at week 14, and remained lower at week 21 than at baseline by a median of 18.7% (P = 0.0005). Compared to baseline, by week 14, IGFBP3 and ALS had declined by a median of 8.9% (P = 0.027) and 16.7% (P = 0.017) with twice-weekly ATL1103; GH had increased by a median of 46% at week 14 (P = 0.001). IGFBP3, ALS and GH did not change with weekly ATL1103. GHBP fell by a median of 23.6% and 48.8% in the once- and twice-weekly cohorts (P = 0.027 and P = 0.005) respectively. ATL1103 was well tolerated, although 84.6% of patients experienced mild-to-moderate injection-site reactions. This study provides proof of concept that ATL1103 is able to significantly lower IGF-I in patients with acromegaly.

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Reduction of arrhythmias in primary hyperparathyroidism, by parathyroidectomy, evaluated with 24-h ECG monitoring

Objective

Hypercalcemia may induce arrhythmias. There are no data on the prevalence of arrhythmias in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in daily life. Aim of the study was to investigate both the prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with PHPT compared to controls and the impact of parathyroidectomy, evaluated by 24-h electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring.

Design

This is a randomized study.

Methods

Twenty-six postmenopausal women with PHPT and 26 controls were enrolled. PHPT patients were randomized to two groups: 13 underwent parathyroidectomy (Group A) and 13 were followed up conservatively (Group B). After 6 months, patients were studied again. Each patient underwent mineral metabolism biochemical evaluation, bone mineral density measurement, standard ECG and 24-h ECG monitoring.

Results

PHPT patients showed higher calcium and parathyroid hormone compared to controls and a higher prevalence of both supraventricular (SVBPs) and ventricular premature beats (VPBs) during 24-h ECG monitoring. Groups A and B showed no differences in mean baseline biochemical values and ECG parameters. Mean value of QTc in PHPT groups was in the normal range at baseline, but significantly shorter than controls. A negative correlation was found between QTc and ionized calcium levels (r = –0.48, P < 0.05). After parathyroidectomy, Group A had a significant reduction in SVPBs and VPBs compared to baseline and restored normal QTc. Group B showed no significant changes after a 6-month period.

Conclusions

The increased prevalence of SVPBs and VPBs is significantly reduced by parathyroidectomy, and it is mainly related to the short QTc caused by hypercalcemia.

https://ift.tt/2AaY7fp

Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen requirements for maize through empirical modeling in semi-arid environment

Abstract

Uncertainty in future availability of irrigation water and regulation of nutrient amount, management strategies for irrigation and nitrogen (N) are essential to maximize the crop productivity. To study the response of irrigation and N on water productivity and economic return of maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, an experiment was conducted at Water Management Research Center, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2015 and 2016. Treatments included of full and three reduced levels of irrigation, with four rates of N fertilization. An empirical model was developed using observed grain yield for irrigation and N levels. Results from model and economic analysis showed that the N rates of 235, 229, 233, and 210 kg ha⁻¹ were the most economical optimum N rates to achieve the economic yield of 9321, 8937, 5748, and 3493 kg ha⁻¹ at 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% irrigation levels, respectively. Economic optimum N rates were further explored to find out the optimum level of irrigation as a function of the total water applied using a quadratic equation. The results showed that 520 mm is the optimum level of irrigation for the entire growing season in 2015 and 2016. Results also revealed that yield is not significantly affected by reducing the irrigation from full irrigation to 80% of full irrigation. It is concluded from the study that the relationship between irrigation and N can be used for efficient management of irrigation and N and to reduce the losses of N to avoid the economic loss and environmental hazards. The empirical equation can help farmers to optimize irrigation and N to obtain maximum economic return in semi-arid regions with sandy loam soils.

https://ift.tt/2uPr3Ei

Scholar : Journal of Museum Education, Volume 43, Issue 3, September 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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Journal of Museum Education, Volume 43, Issue 3, September 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online.

Woman/Trans/Femme in the Museum

This new issue contains the following articles:

Editorial

From the Editor-in-Chief
Cynthia Robinson
Pages: 171-173 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1489451

From the Guest Editors

Woman/Trans/Femme in the Museum
Margaret Middleton & Sage Morgan-Hubbard
Pages: 174-178 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1488926

Presence and Power: Beyond Feminism in Museums
Elisabeth Callihan & Kaywin Feldman
Pages: 179-192 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1486138

How liberal white women can support equity
Seema Rao
Pages: 193-193 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1487664

Beyond the Male/female Binary: Gender Equity and Inclusion in Evaluation Surveys
Alexander Lussenhop
Pages: 194-207 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1484201

Actions that promote inclusivity
Seema Rao
Pages: 208-208 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1487665

Facing Sexual Harassment and Abuse in the Feminizing Museum
nikhil trivedi & Aletheia Wittman
Pages: 209-218 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1488126

How men can improve equity for women, femme, and gender nonconforming people
Seema Rao
Pages: 219-219 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1487666

Trans Narratives in Children's Museums
Margaret Middleton & Alicia Greene
Pages: 220-227 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1495984

Tools, Frameworks and Case Studies

Pedagogies of the Object: Artifact, Context and Purpose
Amanda Maree Burritt
Pages: 228-235 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1469909

What the Research Says

A STEAM-Focused Program to Facilitate Teacher Engagement Before, During, and After a Fieldtrip Visit to a Children's Museum
Chris A. Lawson, Mike Cook, Joe Dorn & Bill Pariso
Pages: 236-244 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1474421

"They Ate Your Laundry!" Historical Thinking in Young History Museum Visitors
Megan Martinko & Jessica Luke
Pages: 245-259 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1469907

Mornings at the Museums: A Family Friendly Early Childhood Program
Naomi Lifschitz-Grant
Pages: 260-273 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1483159

Teaching Teachers Onsite: Using Evaluation to Develop Effective Professional Development Programs | Open Access
Lora Cooper, Christine Baron, Linnea Grim & Gary Sandling
Pages: 274-282 | DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2018.1489196

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Scholar : The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Volume 44, Issue 5, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Volume 44, Issue 5, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. Use of Mobile Technology for Real-Time Assessment and Treatment of Substance-Use Disorders This new issue contains the following articles:

Commentaries

Introduction to the special issue on use of mobile technology for real-time assessment and treatment of substance-use disorders
Michael S. Businelle PhD, Emily T. Hébert Dr, PH & Darla E. Kendzor PhD
Pages: 499-501 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1484923

Original Articles

Using ecological momentary assessment to examine the relationship between craving and affect with opioid use in a clinical trial of clonidine as an adjunct medication to buprenorphine treatment
William J. Kowalczyk, Landhing M. Moran, Jeremiah W. Bertz, Karran A. Phillips, Udi E. Ghitza, Massoud Vahabzadeh, Jia-Ling Lin, David H. Epstein & Kenzie L. Preston
Pages: 502-511 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1454933

Sex differences in daily life stress and craving in opioid-dependent patients
Landhing M. Moran, William J. Kowalczyk, Karran A. Phillips, Massoud Vahabzadeh, Jia-Ling Lin, Mustapha Mezghanni, David H. Epstein & Kenzie L. Preston
Pages: 512-523 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1454934

Impulsivity interacts with momentary PTSD symptom worsening to predict alcohol use in male veterans
Anne C. Black, Ned L. Cooney, Carolyn E. Sartor, Albert J. Arias & Marc I. Rosen
Pages: 524-531 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1454935

The impact of PTSD clusters on cannabis use in a racially diverse trauma-exposed sample: An analysis from ecological momentary assessment
Julia D. Buckner PhD, Emily R. Jeffries MA, Ross D. Crosby PhD, Michael J. Zvolensky PhD, Courtenay E. Cavanaugh PhD & Stephen A. Wonderlich PhD
Pages: 532-542 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1430149

Pain severity as a predictor of negative affect following a self-guided quit attempt: An ecological momentary assessment study
Daniel J. Paulus, Lorra Garey, Matthew W. Gallagher, Jaye L. Derrick, Charles Jardin, Kirsten Langdon, Joseph W. Ditre & Michael J. Zvolensky
Pages: 543-550 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1467432

Drug use patterns and predictors among homeless youth: Results of an ecological momentary assessment | Open Access
Diane Santa Maria, Nikhil Padhye, Yijiong Yang, Kathryn Gallardo, Glenn-Milo Santos, Julie Jung & Michael Businelle
Pages: 551-560 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1407328

Acceptability and compliance with a remote monitoring system to track smoking and abstinence among young smokers
Erin A. McClure, Rachel L. Tomko, Matthew J. Carpenter, Frank A. Treiber & Kevin M. Gray
Pages: 561-570 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1467431

Commentaries

Epilogue to the special issue on the use of mobile technology for real-time assessment and treatment of substance use disorders
Darla E. Kendzor, Emily T. Hébert & Michael S. Businelle
Pages: 571-574 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1495220

Corrigendum

Corrigendum
Pages: 575-575 | DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1495015

FREE ACCESS: Health Care for Women International: Research on Women's Health in Africa: Issues, Challenges & Opportunities

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The first 30 years of the American Academy of Dermatology skin cancer screening program: 1985-2014

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Jean-Phillip Okhovat, Derek Beaulieu, Hensin Tsao, Allan C. Halpern, Dominique S. Michaud, Shimon Shaykevich, Alan C. Geller

Background

The incidence of melanoma is rising faster than that of any other preventable cancer in the United States. The American Academy of Dermatology has sponsored free skin cancer education and screenings conducted by volunteer dermatologists in the United States since 1985.

Objective

We aimed to assess the American Academy of Dermatology's national skin cancer screening program from 1986 to 2014 by analyzing the risk factor profile, access to dermatologic services, and examination results.

Methods

We conducted several detailed statistical analyses of the screening population.

Results

From 1986 to 2014, records were available for 2,046,531 screenings, 1,963,141 (96%) of which were subjected to detailed analysis. Men comprised 38% of all participants. The number of annual screenings reached approximately 100,000 in 1990 and remained relatively stable thereafter. From 1991 to 2014 (data for 1995, 1996 and 2000 were unavailable), clinical diagnoses were rendered for 20,628 melanomas, 156,087 dysplastic nevi, 32,893 squamous cell carcinomas, and 129,848 basal cell carcinomas. Only 21% of screenees had a regular dermatologist. Those with a clinical diagnosis of skin cancer were more likely than the general screening population to be uninsured.

Limitations

Inability to verify clinical diagnoses histopathologically.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the SPOTme program has detected thousands of skin cancers that may have gone undetected or experienced a delay in detection.

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Late Mortality Risk After Allogeneic Blood or Marrow Transplantation Performed in Childhood

This cohort study examines cause-specific late mortality among individuals who have lived 2 years or more after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation performed in childhood and whether rates of late mortality have changed over time.

https://ift.tt/2uQrONA

Understanding the Limitations of Cancer Registry Insurance Data

To the Editor Ellis et al report widening survival disparities for California patients with cancer who have public, primarily Medicaid, insurance relative to the privately insured. However, without an understanding of cancer registry data nuances and policy context, the study's implications for policy are easily misunderstood. The timing of insurance is not recorded in cancer registry data, and we cannot know whether insurance status changes during the course of treatment or whether patients were insured prior to their diagnosis (the insurance status reflected in the registry). The California Cancer Registry data presented by Ellis et al reflect the last known insurance status of multiple reports for a given tumor diagnosis, which may not accurately reflect insurance status immediately prior to diagnosis or even at first treatment. Many Medicaid beneficiaries gain coverage subsequent to diagnosis. Research from Michigan, a state that linked registry data with Medicaid enrollment records, found that more than 40% of patients with cancer who have Medicaid coverage enrolled after diagnosis. Ellis et al state that California Cancer Registry insurance data have been independently verified relative to other data sources, but it is unclear whether those sources contain information on the timing of insurance either (no reference is provided).

https://ift.tt/2NJ76Gv

Risk of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma—Reply

In Reply We appreciate the comments on our article. Although relative cancer risk estimates are important for the understanding of oncogenetic processes, it is the excess absolute risk that should be the basis for health care decisions for patients and clinicians alike. Robust epidemiological studies to reliably determine the risk for breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) are required to place the high relative risk in perspective. These studies fully depend on unbiased identification of BIA-ALCL and reference disease cases as can be retrieved from population-based, preferably national, comprehensive disease registries and on valid assessment of exposure. In the Netherlands, all these preconditions are available, permitting reliable epidemiological studies on the long-term effects of certain medical exposures on rare diseases, including breast-ALCL in women with breast implants. Various other published studies on risk assessment in BIA-ALCL are limited by bias from case registrations in nonmandatory (national) registries and international collaborative efforts based on poorly defined populations, dual entries in registries, and lack of central pathology review. Because implant registries have only been operational in the past few years and in few countries, reliable estimates of implant carrier prevalence, as well as the use of specific implant types over the past years, is largely lacking. These limitations lead to unpredictable overestimation and underestimation of absolute risks. Also, observed associations of BIA-ALCL with certain implant types should be approached with caution because not only is the use of textured vs smooth implants variable around the world and over time, also implant history in individual patients is often unknown. Considering that the interval between BIA-ALCL diagnosis and time of first implant is more than 10 years (mean, 13 years; range, 1-39 years) these aspects preclude strong statements and the issue should be considered unsettled for now.

https://ift.tt/2uTY7uY

Risk of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

To the Editor De Boer et al calculate a 1:6920 lifetime risk of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) in Dutch patients. The authors report that 82% of affected patients had macrotextured implants and 45% of all implants sold in the Netherlands from 2010 through 2015 were macrotextured (P < .001). Despite this significant comparison, de Boer et al do not find an association between implant type and BIA-ALCL risk. The authors recognize that their study is limited by the fact that almost no smooth implants are inserted in the Netherlands.

https://ift.tt/2NN2jDR

Follow-up Recommendations for Completely Resected Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

This Special Communication discusses consensus recommendations regarding follow-up of fully resected, well-differentiated, or moderately differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

https://ift.tt/2LAeAyd

Risk of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

To the Editor I applaud de Boer and colleagues for their excellent work in further unraveling the mystery of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL).

https://ift.tt/2mN49t2

Lay Health Worker Intervention and Documentation of Cancer Patients’ Goals of Care

This randomized clinical trial tests the effect of consultation with a lay health worker on documentation of goals of care and health care use, costs, and satisfaction among patients with advanced-stage or recurrent cancer at a Veterans Affairs medical center.

https://ift.tt/2AdctvC

Understanding the Limitations of Cancer Registry Insurance Data—Reply

In Reply We thank Sabik and Bradley for raising these important points about our study. The lack of information on timing of and change in health insurance coverage is a limitation inherent to cancer registry data and, as discussed, has the potential to result in misclassification of patient insurance status. However, we reaffirm that the impact of any such misclassification on our results is likely to be minimal and would not alter the study's conclusions.

https://ift.tt/2OkaGIc

Circulating Tumor Cells and Late Recurrence of Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial investigates the association of circulating tumor cells with recurrence of breast cancer 5 or more years after diagnosis among patients with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer.

https://ift.tt/2A8PEJs

Use of Intravenous Bisphosphonates in Early Breast Cancer

This Viewpoint assesses the use of low-dose bisphosphonates to reduce the risks of bone metastases and mortality in postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer.

https://ift.tt/2mJeOoz

Definitive Pelvic Radiation Therapy and Survival Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Cervical Cancer

This cohort study investigates overall survival among patients with newly diagnosed metastatic cervical cancer who received chemotherapy alone compared with those who received chemotherapy and pelvic radiation therapy.

https://ift.tt/2AdUuFi

The effects of motor adaptation on ankle isokinetic assessments in older drivers

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to analyze the extent of motor adaptation in ankle plantar flexors and dorsiflexors among older drivers during clinical isokinetic testing. METHODS: One hundred older adults (70.4±5.7 years) participated in two bilateral ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor isokinetic assessments at 30°/sec. Peak torque (PTQ), PTQ adjusted for body weight (PTQ/BW), and total work (TW) were analyzed. RESULTS: On the dominant side, PTQ/BW and TW were significantly greater for the second plantar flexion test than were those for the first such test (p<0.001), whereas PTQ, PTQ/BW, and TW (p<0.001) were significantly greater for the second dorsiflexion test than were those for the first such test. On the non-dominant side, plantar flexion PTQ and TW were significantly lower for the second test than were those for the first test (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Older drivers demonstrated better performance with the dominant limb on the second test. The low variability in test execution showed the existence of a motor adaptation effect for the tested movements, despite the short recovery period between the assessments.

https://ift.tt/2Admr03

The ROPScore as a Screening Algorithm for Predicting Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Brazilian Population

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of the ROPScore algorithm as a predictor of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A prospective cohort of 220 preterm infants with a birth weight ≤1500 g and/or gestational age ≤32 weeks was included. The ROPScore was determined in the sixth week of life in 181 infants who then survived until a corrected gestational age of 45 weeks. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of the algorithm were analyzed. RESULTS: ROP was found in 17.6% of the preterm infants. The sensitivity of this test for any stage of ROP was 87.5%, while that for severe ROP was 95.4% (21/22 cases). The PPV and NPV were 59.6% and 97%, respectively, for any stage of ROP and 44.7% and 99.25%, respectively, for severe ROP. The ROPScore could therefore hypothetically reduce the number of ophthalmologic examinations required to detect ROP by 71.8%. CONCLUSION: The ROPScore is a useful screening tool for ROP and may optimize examinations and especially the identification of severe ROP.

https://ift.tt/2mLyQin

Applicability of a novel mathematical model for the prediction of adult height and age at menarche in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

OBJECTIVES: Unfavorable predicted adult height and psychosocial inadequacy represent parameters used to guide therapeutic intervention in girls with central precocious puberty. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog is the first-line treatment. The aim of this study was to compare two methods used to predict adult height and assess a validated tool for predicting the age at menarche in girls with central precocious puberty. METHODS: The predicted adult height of 48 girls with central precocious puberty was calculated at diagnosis using the Bayley-Pinneau method based on average and advanced bone age tables and compared with the predicted adult height calculated using a mathematical model. In addition, the age at spontaneous menarche was predicted using the new formulae. After Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment, the predicted adult height was calculated using only the Bayley-Pinneau tables. RESULTS: The achieved adult height was within the target height range in all treated girls with central precocious puberty. At diagnosis, the predicted adult height using the Bayley-Pinneau tables was lower than that using the mathematical model. After the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment, the predicted adult height using the Bayley-Pinneau method with the average bone age tables was the closest to the achieved adult height. Using the formulae, the predicted age at spontaneous menarche was 10.1±0.5 yr. The Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment significantly postponed this event until 11.9±0.7 yr in these "idiopathic" central precocious puberty girls, highlighting the beneficial effect of this treatment. CONCLUSION: Both initial adult height prediction methods are limited and must be used with caution. The prediction of the age at spontaneous menarche represents an innovative tool that can help in clinical decisions regarding pubertal suppression.

https://ift.tt/2Ad66s3

Scholar : These new articles for Text and Performance Quarterly are available online

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New for Text and Performance Quarterly and online now on Taylor & Francis Online:

Original Articles

Big Tex is burning: performing iconicity by means of collaborative directing
Justin Thomas Trudeau & Holley Vaughn
Pages: 1-15 | DOI: 10.1080/10462937.2018.1501087

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Removing Unwanted Background Phase with a Reference Phantom for Applications in Susceptibility Quantification

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): He Xie, Yu-Chung Norman Cheng, Saifeng Liu, Paul Kokeny

Abstract

Purpose

A method of removing the background phase with a reference phantom but without overcorrecting the induced phase from objects of interest is proposed. Several factors during the imaging procedure and post processing are investigated for their accuracies.

Methods

A method using a reference phantom to remove eddy currents as well as using the least squares fit to quantify susceptibility and to remove the background phase is proposed. Phase induced from simulated spheroids was fitted and compared to their true magnetic moments, an important concept for the proposed method. A cylindrical phantom and its simulation, a phantom with straws filled with Gd-DTPA, and a simulated head model were used to study systematic errors due to some confounding factors. The feasibility for in vivo applications was demonstrated from an actual human head. Susceptibility and remaining phase after removing the background phase were measured in all cases.

Results

Simulations show that magnetic moments of various spheroids and phantoms can be accurately quantified from images, regardless of the partial volume effect. All measured susceptibility values are within ± 0.16 ppm of −9.4 ppm for agarose and 0.05 ppm of 1 ppm for Gd-DTPA. Most residual phase is within ± 0.1 rad from the phantom center. Susceptibilities close to −9.4 ppm are also obtained for the simulated and actual head. Correspondently, the remaining phase has a mean value less than two standard deviations.

Conclusion

The proposed method from phantom studies can reliably remove the background phase without overcorrections. The in vivo example demonstrates the feasibility of the method.

https://ift.tt/2NNhDAi

Barriers to Oncology Biosimilars Uptake in the United States

https://ift.tt/2mJqho4

Randomized Phase II Trial of CapOX plus Bevacizumab and CapIRI plus Bevacizumab as First‐Line Treatment for Japanese Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CCOG‐1201 Study)

AbstractPurpose.The aim of this randomized, multicenter, noncomparative, phase II trial was to investigate the efficacy and safety of two potential first‐line treatments, capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapOX) plus bevacizumab (BEV) and capecitabine and irinotecan (CapIRI) plus bevacizumab, in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Patients and Methods.Patients with untreated mCRC were randomly assigned to receive either CapOX plus bevacizumab (CapOX/BEV arm: bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 and oral capecitabine 2,000 mg/m2 on days 1–14, every 3 weeks) or CapIRI plus bevacizumab (CapIRI/BEV arm: bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg and irinotecan 200 mg/m2 on day 1 and capecitabine 1,600 mg/m2 on days 1–14, every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), and the secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.Results.A total of 107 patients were enrolled. The intent‐to‐treat population comprised 54 patients in the CapOX/BEV arm and 53 patients in the CapIRI/BEV arm. The median follow‐up period was 35.5 months. ORR was 56% in the CapOX/BEV arm and 55% in the CapIRI/BEV arm. Median PFS and OS were 12.4 and 26.7 months in the CapOX/BEV arm and 11.5 and 28.7 months in the CapIRI/BEV arm, respectively. The frequencies of hematological and nonhematological adverse events above grade 3 were 13% and 30% in the CapOX/BEV arm and 25% and 23% in the CapIRI/BEV arm, respectively.Conclusion.CapOX plus bevacizumab and CapIRI plus bevacizumab are equally effective and feasible as the first‐line treatments in Japanese patients with mCRC.Implications for Practice.The CCOG‐1201 study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine and oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab and capecitabine and irinotecan plus bevacizumab as a first‐line treatment in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This article reports on the trial and efforts to define the role of these regimens, including the effect of KRAS status and UGT1A1 polymorphisms in metastatic colorectal cancer.

https://ift.tt/2AdAwun

Important Role of Health Surveillance Systems in Community‐Based Colorectal Cancer Screening

https://ift.tt/2mLKauS

The Association Between Common Clinical Characteristics and Postoperative Morbidity and Overall Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma

AbstractBackground.The impact of noncancerous factors on the morbidity and mortality of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has not been well studied. Using a large surgical cohort, we examined the association between multiple clinical characteristics and postoperative morbidities and survival in patients with GBM.Materials and Methods.The study included 404 consecutive GBM patients who underwent initial tumor resection at MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Data about clinical characteristics, treatments, and postoperative complications were collected. The associations between clinical parameters and postoperative complications and survival were analyzed.Results.Charlson Comorbidity Index was positively related to a higher incidence of postoperative total (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20; p = .002) and neurological (OR = 1.18; p = .011) complications. Preoperative systolic blood pressure (SBp) over 140 mmHg was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 4.42; p = .039) and longer hospital stay (OR = 2.48; p = .015). Greater postoperative fluctuation of SBp (OR = 1.14; p = .025) and blood glucose (mmol/L; OR = 1.48; p = .023) were related to a higher incidence of neurological complications, whereas higher postoperative blood glucose (OR = 0.64; p < .001) was related to a lower incidence. Long‐term lower SBp (<124 mmHg; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47; p = .010) and higher blood glucose (HR = 1.12; p < .001) were associated with shorter survival. Long‐term serum albumin level (g/dL; HR = 0.32; p < .001) was positively associated with survival.Conclusion.Short‐term SBp and blood glucose levels and fluctuations are associated with postoperative complications in GBM patients. Their long‐term optimization may impact survival of these patients. Future clinical trials are needed to confirm the benefit of optimizing medical comorbidities on GBM patients' outcomes.Implications for Practice.Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most feared cancer diagnoses because of its limited survival and treatment. This study revealed significant associations of noncancerous factors on the morbidity and mortality of GBM. The complexity of medical comorbidities, as well as short‐term postoperative levels and fluctuations of blood pressure and blood glucose, was associated with postoperative complications, but not overall survival. However, long‐term levels of these common clinical parameters were significantly associated with survival. Optimization of medical conditions may be critical for reducing the morbidity and mortality of GBM patients. Future clinical trials are needed to validate the observed associations in an independent cohort.

https://ift.tt/2A8kaTG

Gemcitabine and Cisplatin With/Without Anlotinib in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Condition: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Intervention: Drug: Gemcitabine/Cisplatin
Sponsor: Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2AchOU2

Pilot Ph.II Study Evaluating The Role of ClO2 on Mucositis for Pt. Undergoing Head/Neck Radiotherapy

Condition: Head and Neck Carcinoma
Interventions: Drug: Chlorine Dioxide Sterilization; Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Other: Placebo
Sponsors: University of Arizona; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2mID3TH

Effects of Aqualief® in Patients With Xerostomia as Consequence of Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer

Conditions: Xerostomia; Asialia; Hyposalivation; Mouth Dryness
Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Aqualief; Other: Placebo
Sponsors: Helsinn Healthcare SA; Latis S.r.l.
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2A9YR4d

Alpelisib in Treating Participants With Transorally Resectable HPV-Associated Stage I-IVA Oropharyngeal Cancer

Conditions: CDKN2A-p16 Positive; Human Papillomavirus Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Stage I Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage II Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage III Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVA Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7
Interventions: Drug: Alpelisib; Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Other: Pharmacodynamic Study; Procedure: Therapeutic Conventional Surgery
Sponsors: University of Arizona; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2mJ1HUf

Combining PET/CT and EBV DNA to Evaluate the Hazard of Progression in the Follow-up of Locally Advanced NPC

Condition: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Intervention: Device: PET/CT and EBV DNA
Sponsor: Sun Yat-sen University
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2A9gkdi

Postoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone for Patients With Locoregionally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Condition: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Interventions: Drug: Docetaxel plus cisplatin; Radiation: radiotherapy
Sponsors: Huai'an First People's Hospital; Huai'an Second People's Hospital; lian shui county People's Hospital; xuyi People's Hospital; Chinese People's Liberation Army No. 82 Hospital
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2Om4vDg

Phase 3 Trial of Donafenib in 131I-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Condition: Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Interventions: Drug: Donafenib; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2AmzX1F

Study of A166 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Cancers Expressing HER2 Antigen or Having Amplified HER2 Gene

Conditions: HER2-positive Breast Cancer; HER2 Gene Mutation; HER-2 Gene Amplification; HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer; Salivary Gland Cancer; Salivary Gland Tumor; Salivary Gland Carcinoma; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Lung Cancer; Colo-rectal Cancer; Rare Diseases; Solid Tumor; Recurrent Gastric Cancer; Recurrent Colon Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Head and Neck Cancer; Head and Neck Carcinoma; Bladder Cancer; Cervical Cancer; Liver Cancer; Bile Duct Cancer; Urologic Cancer; Pancreatic Cancer; Prostate Cancer; Recurrent Prostate Cancer; Rectal Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer; Rectal Cancer Stage II; Rectal Cancer Stage I; Rectal Cancer Stage III; Skin Cancer; Mouth Cancer; Lip Cancer Stage I; Tongue Cancer; Breast Neoplasm Malignant Primary; Larynx Cancer; Tonsil Cancer; Palate Cancer; Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma; Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma; Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Gastric; Mucinous Breast Cancer Recurrent
Intervention: Drug: A166
Sponsor: Klus Pharma Inc.
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2OiLuBK

Hypofractionated Versus Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy for Initial Distant Metastases Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Condition: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Interventions: Radiation: Hypofraction radiation; Radiation: Standard dose IMRT
Sponsors: Wei Jiang; Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital; Guangxi Naxishan Hospital; Nanning Monority Hospital; Linshan pepole Hospital
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2Ae4XRc

Randomized Controlled Trial for Vestibular Treatment in Concussion

Conditions: Vestibular Disorder; Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Intervention: Behavioral: T-REV
Sponsors: University of Pittsburgh; United States Department of Defense
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2mJ1G2D

Scholar : Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, Volume 64, Issue 11, September 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, Volume 64, Issue 11, September 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online.

This new issue contains the following articles:

Review Article

Consequences of high temperature under changing climate optima for rice pollen characteristics-concepts and perspectives
Shah Fahad, Muhammad Zahid Ihsan, Abdul Khaliq, Ihsanullah Daur, Shah Saud, Saleh Alzamanan, Wajid Nasim, Muhammad Abdullah, Imtiaz Ali Khan, Chao Wu, Depeng Wang & Jianliang Huang
Pages: 1473-1488 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1443213

Original Articles

Evaluation of chitosan and alginate immobilized Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 on tomato plant growth
Mak Chanratana, Gwang Hyun Han, Manoharan Melvin Joe, Aritra Roy Choudhury, Seshadri Sundaram, Md. Abdul Halim & Tongmin Sa
Pages: 1489-1502 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1440390

Genotype × environment interaction effects on pod yield and pod number in West African Okra
Christopher Olusanya Alake
Pages: 1503-1517 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1441529

Article

How to enhance crop production and nitrogen fluxes? A result-oriented scheme to evaluate best agri-environmental measures in Veneto Region, Italy
Nicola Dal Ferro, Elisa Cocco, Antonio Berti, Barbara Lazzaro & Francesco Morari
Pages: 1518-1533 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1442573

Original Articles

Tolerance of potentially diazotrophic bacteria to adverse environmental conditions and plant growth-promotion in sugarcane
Danubia Ramos Moreira de Lima, Isaneli Batista dos Santos, João Tiago Correia Oliveira, Jesimiel Gomes Barbosa, Williane Patrícia da Silva Diniz, Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias, Fernando José Freire & Júlia Kuklisnky Sobral
Pages: 1534-1548 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1443212

Article

A critical assessment on arsenic partitioning in mine-affected soils by using two sequential extraction protocols
Georgios Kalyvas, Dionisios Gasparatos & Ioannis Massas
Pages: 1549-1563 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1443443

Citric acid loaded nano clay polymer composite for solubilization of Indian rock phosphates: a step towards sustainable and phosphorus secure future
Trisha Roy, Dipak Ranjan Biswas, Samar Chandra Datta, Abhijit Sarkar & Siddhartha Sankar Biswas
Pages: 1564-1581 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1444275

Original Articles

Inorganic and organic ligands induced changes in Pb sorption of arid ‎clay and calcareous loamy sand soils
Salman Abdallah Hassan Selmy
Pages: 1582-1594 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1445225

Carbon and nutrient dynamics under long-term nutrient management in tropical rice-wheat-jute system
S.P. Mazumdar, D.K. Kundu, A.R. Saha, B. Majumdar, R. Saha, A.K. Singh, D. Barman, D. Ghosh, R. Dey, M.S. Behera, S. Mitra & P. Bhattacharyya
Pages: 1595-1607 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1446521

Article

Nitrogen removal and metabolic profiling of a cold-adaptive and biofilm producing paddy soil bacterium Cupriavidus sp. PDN31
Meenakshi Srivastava & Arun Kumar Mishra
Pages: 1608-1621 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2018.1446522

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Buccal bifurcation cyst (paradental cyst) defined by ultrasonography and cone-beam computed tomography

Abstract

Buccal bifurcation cyst (BBC) is an uncommon inflammatory odontogenic cyst that generally occurs at the buccal region of the permanent mandibular first molars in children aged 6–8 years. The diagnosis of BBC cannot be made from the histopathologic features; therefore, diagnosis is primarily based on specific clinical and radiographic findings. In this case report, we present the clinical and radiological findings, including ultrasonography (USG) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, of a 10-year-old boy who was referred with a complaint of swelling on the lower right jaw. According to the radiographic and clinical findings, the differential diagnosis of this lesion included lateral radicular cyst, lateral periodontal cyst, dentigerous cyst, eruption cyst, and others. Recently, in addition to classical radiographies and CBCT, USG has been considered important for diagnosis. In particular, if a cyst produces a perforation in the cortical bone, it is helpful to make a pre-diagnosis with USG.

https://ift.tt/2mHcU7Y

The Case of IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease with Perivascular Lesions of Superior Ophthalmic Vein Associated with Optic Nerve Disturbance.

The Case of IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease with Perivascular Lesions of Superior Ophthalmic Vein Associated with Optic Nerve Disturbance.

Neuroophthalmology. 2018 Aug;42(4):251-255

Authors: Yamagishi A, Oshitari T, Tawada A, Baba T, Yamamoto S

Abstract
A 61-year-old man with hyperthyroidism had exophthalmos with dilated conjunctival vessels in both eyes. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the superior ophthalmic veins had a funicular-like appearance. Cerebral angiography showed no blood flow from both internal carotid arteries to the cavernous sinus, thus excluding a carotid-cavernous fistula. Blood tests showed an elevation of IgG4 (281 mg/dl), and a IgG4-related ophthalmic disease was considered. Steroid pulse therapy was performed, and all of the abnormal findings were improved. We concluded that this was a rare case of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease with perivascular lesions of the superior ophthalmic vein associated with optic nerve disturbance.

PMID: 30042798 [PubMed]

https://ift.tt/2v8gZWi

The Case of IgG4-related Ophthalmic Disease Accompanied by Compressive Optic Neuropathy.

The Case of IgG4-related Ophthalmic Disease Accompanied by Compressive Optic Neuropathy.

Neuroophthalmology. 2018 Aug;42(4):246-250

Authors: Takeishi M, Oshitari T, Ota S, Baba T, Yamamoto S

Abstract
A 76-year-old woman was diagnosed with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) associated with hypothyroidism at another clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging showed enlargements of the extraocular muscles. Because her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.01OD, she was referred to the Chiba University Hospital. She had an elevation of serum IgG4. She was diagnosed with possible IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) accompanied by optic nerve compression with the mass. She underwent methylprednisolone pulse therapy, and, two months later, her BCVA and visual field defect were greatly improved. Our findings indicate that ophthalmologists should be aware that IgG4-ROD can be masked by lesions associated with TAO.

PMID: 30042797 [PubMed]

https://ift.tt/2Ln8zFD

A Sporadic Four-Year Hospital Outbreak of a ST97-IVa MRSA With Half of the Patients First Identified in the Community.

A Sporadic Four-Year Hospital Outbreak of a ST97-IVa MRSA With Half of the Patients First Identified in the Community.

Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1494

Authors: Rubin IM, Hansen TA, Klingenberg AM, Petersen AM, Worning P, Westh H, Bartels MD

Abstract
This study describes a sporadically occurring 4-year outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) originating from a surgical ward. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified the outbreak clone as spa type t267, sequence type ST97, and SCCmec IVa. Prompted by the finding of four patients within 6 months in the same ward with this unusual MRSA type, an outbreak was suspected. Subsequent MRSA screening in the ward in February 2017 identified three-additional patients and two health care workers (HCWs) with t267/ST97-IVa. WGS linked these 9 isolates to 16 previous isolates in our WGS database and the outbreak thus included 23 patients and two HCWs. Twenty-one patients had a connection to the surgery ward during the period 2013-2017, but half of them had MRSA diagnosed in the community long after discharge. The community debut of several patients MRSA infections weeks to months after hospital discharge made the identification of a hospital source difficult and it was the SNP relatedness of the isolates that led us to identify the common denominator of hospitalization. An index patient was not identified, but our hypothesis is that HCWs with unrecognized long-term MRSA colonization could have caused sporadic nosocomial transmission due to intermittent breaches in infection prevention and control practice.

PMID: 30042745 [PubMed]

https://ift.tt/2uSJfNn

Ετικέτες

Πέμπτη 26 Ιουλίου 2018

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