The effect of anaerobic digestion and storage on indicator microorganisms in swine and dairy manure

Abstract

The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the influence of anaerobic digestion and storage on indicator microorganisms in swine and dairy excreta. Samples were collected every 90 days for 15 months at eight farms, four pig, and four dairy farms, four of them having a biogas plant. Moreover, to evaluate storage effects on samples, 20 l of manure and slurry taken at each farm (digested manure only in farms with a biogas plant) were stored in a controlled climatic chamber at 18 °C, for 6 months. The bacterial load and the chemical-physical characteristics of excreta were evaluated at each sampling time, stored slurry, and manure were sampled and analyzed every 2 months. A high variability of the concentration of bacteria in the different excreta types was observed during the experiment, mainly depending on the type and time of treatment. No sample revealed either the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or of Salmonella, usually linked to the temporary rearing of infected animals in facilities. Anaerobic digestion and storage affected in a significant way the reduction of indicator bacteria like lactobacilli, coliforms, and streptococci. Anaerobic digestion lowered coliforms in pig slurry (− 2.80 log, P < 0.05), streptococci in dairy manure (− 2.44 log, P < 0.001) and in pig slurry (− 1.43 log, P < 0.05), and lactobacilli in pig slurry (− 3.03 log, P < 0.05). Storage lowered coliforms and the other indicators counts, in particular in fresh wastes, while clostridia did not show a reduction in concentration.

http://ift.tt/2xct2FO

The effect of different organic materials amendment on soil bacteria communities in barren sandy loam soil

Abstract

To effectively improve soil productivity and optimize organic fertilizer management while reducing environmental pollution and resource wasting in farmland system, the present study was conducted in Wuqiao Experiment Station of China Agricultural University, Hebei Province. Taking crop straw treatment as control, four kinds of organic materials including pig manure (PM), biogas residue (BR), biochar (BC) and crop straw (ST) were applied to soil at the same nitrogen (N) level. The soil bacteria community characteristics were explored using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technologies. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with ST, PM, BR and BC had no significant effect on Chao 1 and Shannon index. The dominant bacterial groups include Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi in sandy loam soil after the application of different organic materials. The abundance of Proteobacteria in BC treatment was significantly lower than that of ST (control) treatment (p < 0.05). On the contrary, compared to ST, the abundances of Acidobacteria increased by 65.0, 40.7, and 58.7% in the BC, BR, and PM treatments, respectively. (2) Compared to ST, the BC treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased in soil organic carbon (SOC) and pH in the arable layer (0–20 cm) in the farmland (p < 0.05), and significantly increased the soil pH with a value of 0.26 level (p < 0.05). (3) Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the PCoA1 scores and soil pH were closely correlated (R ² = 0.3738, p < 0.05). In addition, pairwise regression between PCoA1 scores and SOC (R ² = 0.5008, p < 0.05), PCoA2 scores and SOC (R ² = 0.4053, p < 0.05) were both closely correlated. In general, our results indicated that organic materials amendment shaped the bacterial community in sandy loam soil through changing the soil pH and SOC.

http://ift.tt/2wKdMNl

Environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria, new funeral technologies, and preferences of the Northeastern and Southern Brazilian population as for the funeral process

Abstract

Cemeteries and crematoria are the main funeral ways used in the world nowadays. It is a little-studied segment in the present days, mainly as for the possible environmental impacts in the environment, such as those derived from dental amalgam, prostheses, and dioxins, among other. This article aimed to identify the environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria and to point out new trends in funeral processes such as freeze-drying and alkaline hydrolysis. The study is justified due to the large part of the Brazilian population that do not know the environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria, as well as to bring information about the new processes. For that, a research was carried out with 400 people. The main results show that among all the funeral processes, the new freeze-drying process was opted by 33% of the sample. We also identified that the main reasons for choosing the funeral process were less environmental impact (28%), no after-death expenses (grave payment) (16.1%), and the possibility of putting away or throwing away the remains wherever you want (14.9%). Finally, new funeral processes were well accepted by the Brazilian population—those who were interviewed—due to their benefits.

http://ift.tt/2xczmx8

Mild electrokinetic treatment of cadmium-polluted manure for improved applicability in greenhouse soil

Abstract

Applications of cadmium (Cd) and salinity-containing manures contribute to Cd pollution and salinization in greenhouse soils. In this study, chicken manure polluted with Cd (5.6 mg/kg) was mildly electrokinetically treated (0.25 V/cm) for 48 h with intermittent replacement of catholyte with 20 mM acetic acid solution to remove Cd and salinity for application without need of post-treatment in greenhouse soil. The electrokinetic treatment created pH conditions mainly ranging from 5.0 to 8.0 within the manure for minimizing re-precipitation of desorbed Cd and evaporative loss of ammonium. However, without manure pre-acidification, electrokinetic treatment resulted in negligible removal of total Cd but 61.7% of increase in the small fraction of exchangeable Cd, due to poor desorption but enhanced formation of exchangeable Cd. In contrast, manure pre-acidification with 20 mM acetic acid favored Cd desorption, leading to electrokinetic removal of exchangeable, carbonate-bound, and total Cd by 32.2%, 34.5%, and 14.5%, respectively. Mild electrokinetic treatment of manure with and without pre-acidification resulted in similar removal of salinity (72.3% and 68.0%), similar pH condition (7.2 and 7.4), and basically same evaporative loss of ammonium (14.6% and 14.2%). Overall, the mild electrokinetic treatment considerably lowered the risk of Cd and the salinity from the pre-acidified manure for improved applicability in greenhouse soil, and more studies are needed to enhance the performance of electrokinetic Cd removal from manure.

http://ift.tt/2xct0xG

Expression of transcription factors in MEN1-associated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Summary

MEN1-associated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) may potentially express distinct hormones, but the mechanism has not been elucidated. Transcription factors such as MafA and Pdx1 have been identified to lead to beta cell differentiation, while Arx and Brn4 to alpha cell differentiation in developing pancreas. We hypothesized those transcription factors are important to produce specific hormones in pNETs, similarly to developing pancreas, and examined the expression of transcription factors in a case of MEN1 who showed immunohistological coexistence of several hormone-producing pNETs including insulinoma. A 70-year-old woman was found to manifest hypoglycemia with non-suppressed insulinemia and hypercalcemia with elevated PTH level. She was diagnosed as MEN1 based on the manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism, pituitary adenoma and insulinoma, with genetic variation of MEN1 gene. She had pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy because CT scan and SACI test indicated that insulinoma was localized in the head of the pancreas. Histopathological finding was MEN1-associated NET, G1. Interestingly, immunohistological examination of the resected pancreas revealed that two insulinomas, a glucagon-positive NET and a multiple hormone-positive NET coexisted. Hence, we examined the expression of transcription factors immunohistochemically to elucidate the role of the transcription factors in MEN1-associated hormone-producing pNETs. We observed homogeneous expressions of MafA and Pdx1 in insulinomas and Arx in glucagon-positive NET, respectively. Moreover, multiple hormone-positive NETs expressed several transcription factors heterogeneously. Collectively, our results suggested that transcription factors could play important roles in the production of specific hormones in MEN1-associated pNETs, similar to islet differentiation.

Learning points:

To date, it has been shown that different hormone-producing tumors coexist in MEN1-associated pNETs; however, the underlying mechanism of the hormone production in MEN1-associated pNETs has not been well elucidated.

Although this case presented symptomatic hypoglycemia, several hormone-producing pNETs other than insulinoma also coexisted in the pancreas.

Immunohistochemical analysis showed MafA and Pdx1 expressions distinctly in insulinoma, and Arx expression particularly in a glucagon-positive NET, while a multiple hormone-positive NET expressed MafA, Pdx1 and Arx.

Collectively, clinicians should consider that several hormone-producing pNETs may coexist in a MEN1 case and examine both endocrinological and histopathological analysis of pNETs, regardless of whether symptoms related to the excess of hormones are observed or not.

http://ift.tt/2wKcHVA

Indeterminate dendritic cell neoplasm of the skin: A 2-case report and review of the literature

Indeterminate dendritic cell neoplasm (IDCN) is an exceedingly rare and mostly cutaneous histiocytosis, frequently associated with other hematopoietic malignancies. We report 2 cases of multilesional cutaneous IDCN. A 55-year-old male with no associated malignancy and complete response to ultraviolet light therapy; and a 72-year-old male with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Both cases showed histiocytoid cytology, positivity for CD1a and no expression of Langerin or BRAF^V600E. With our patients, the literature describes 79 cases of IDCNs, including 65 (82%) with only skin involvement, 7 cases (9%) with involvement of skin and a second site, 5 cases (6%) involving lymph nodes only, 1 splenic lesion and 1 systemic disease. Seventeen cases (22%) were associated with other hematopoietic malignancies, most commonly CMML (6 cases), follicular lymphoma (4 cases) and acute myeloid leukemia (3 cases). All IDCNs associated with myeloid malignancies were limited to the skin, while most cases associated with lymphoma were limited to lymph nodes. Reported responses of cutaneous lesions to ultraviolet light therapy are encouraging, while systemic chemotherapy is appropriate for clinically aggressive cases and treatment of associated malignancies. Recognition of the clinico-morphologic spectrum of IDCNs should prevent misdiagnoses and prompt investigation of possible associated neoplasms.

http://ift.tt/2f662h6

TIMP-3 mRNA expression levels positively correlates with levels of miR-21 in in situ BC and negatively in PR positive invasive BC

Publication date: Available online 6 September 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Nina Petrovic, Ahmad Sami, Jelena Martinovic, Marina Zaric, Irina Nakashidze, Silvana Lukic, Snezana Jovanovic-Cupic
BackgroundBreast carcinomas (BC) belong to a heterogeneous group of malignant diseases. Correct categorization of BC based on molecular biomarkers has a very important role in deciding the proper course of therapy for each patient. It has been already shown that the decrease of TIMP metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 (TIMP-3) together with overexpression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) might be involved in the process of BC invasion. This is the first study that examined relationship among miR-21, TIMP-3 mRNA and TIPM-3 protein levels in BC groups formed according to invasiveness.MethodsIn this study, we used 46 breast cancer samples. Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) protein levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. TIMP-3 mRNA expression was examined by two-step real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blot analysis was performed for 16 samples.ResultsStatistically significant differences in TIMP-3 expression levels between invasive groups were discovered in ER positive (ER+) (p=0.015), Her-2 negative (p=0.026) subgroups, and patients without lymph-node metastasis (p=0.039). Interestingly, significant positive correlation was detected between miR-21 and TIMP-3 mRNA levels (P<0.001, ρ=0.949) in the group of in situ tumors. TIMP-3 mRNA expression levels highly negatively correlated with levels of miR-21 in PR+ invasive BCs (p=0.007, ρ=−0.641). TIMP-3 protein levels negatively correlated with miR-21 levels in pure invasive BCs.ConclusionThese data suggest that signaling pathways involved in formation and progression of BCs in groups formed according to invasiveness might be different. Our findings propose that TIMP-3 mRNA expression levels could be significant prognostic parameter, but within specific BC subtypes.



http://ift.tt/2wKixX3

The Ire1 Twist that Links Proteostatic with Lipostatic Control of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Publication date: Available online 5 September 2017
Source:Trends in Cell Biology
Author(s): Tomás Aragón, Eelco van Anken
The unfolded protein response (UPR) governs homeostasis of both luminal content and membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In Molecular Cell, Halbleib et al. identified how a twist in the juxta-membrane amphipathic helix of the UPR transducer Ire1 in yeast is essential for responding to both proteostatic and lipostatic ER stress.



http://ift.tt/2gIzN7n

Tissue Microstructure Estimation Using a Deep Network Inspired by a Dictionary-based Framework

Publication date: Available online 6 September 2017
Source:Medical Image Analysis
Author(s): Chuyang Ye
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) captures the anisotropic pattern of water displacement in the neuronal tissue and allows noninvasive investigation of the complex tissue microstructure. A number of biophysical models have been proposed to relate the tissue organization with the observed diffusion signals, so that the tissue microstructure can be inferred. The Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) model has been a popular choice and has been widely used for many neuroscientific studies. It models the diffusion signal with three compartments that are characterized by distinct diffusion properties, and the parameters in the model describe tissue microstructure. In NODDI, these parameters are estimated in a maximum likelihood framework, where the nonlinear model fitting is computationally intensive. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop efficient and accurate algorithms for NODDI microstructure estimation, which is still an open problem. In this work, we propose a deep network based approach that performs end-to-end estimation of NODDI microstructure, which is named Microstructure Estimation using a Deep Network (MEDN). MEDN comprises two cascaded stages and is motivated by the AMICO algorithm, where the NODDI microstructure estimation is formulated in a dictionary-based framework. The first stage computes the coefficients of the dictionary. It resembles the solution to a sparse reconstruction problem, where the iterative process in conventional estimation approaches is unfolded and truncated, and the weights are learned instead of predetermined by the dictionary. In the second stage, microstructure properties are computed from the output of the first stage, which resembles the weighted sum of normalized dictionary coefficients in AMICO, and the weights are also learned. Because spatial consistency of diffusion signals can be used to reduce the effect of noise, we also propose MEDN+, which is an extended version of MEDN. MEDN+ allows incorporation of neighborhood information by inserting a stage with learned weights before the MEDN structure, where the diffusion signals in the neighborhood of a voxel are processed. The weights in MEDN or MEDN+ are jointly learned from training samples that are acquired with diffusion gradients densely sampling the q-space. We performed MEDN and MEDN+ on brain dMRI scans, where two shells each with 30 gradient directions were used, and measured their accuracy with respect to the gold standard. Results demonstrate that the proposed networks outperform the competing methods.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2w9r2cg

Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ CPAP ]

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ CPAP ]

Improving PTSD Symptoms and Preventing Progression of Subclinical PTSD to an Overt Disorder by Treating Comorbid OSA With CPAP.

MI Ullah, DG Campbell, R Bhagat, JA Lyons… - Journal of clinical sleep …, 2017

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) are common in United States veterans. These conditions often coexist and
symptoms overlap. Previous studies reported improvement in PTSD symptoms with

CPAP Treats Enuresis in Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

RP McInnis, EB Dodds, J Johnsen, S Auerbach… - Journal of clinical sleep …, 2017

ABSTRACT: Enuresis, or" bedwetting," in children is associated with obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA), and often resolves with treatment of OSA. However, it is poorly understood
whether a similar relationship exists in adults. We describe a case series of 5 adult patients

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis.

LD Chen, L Lin, XJ Lin, YW Ou, Z Wu, YM Ye, QZ Xu… - PloS one, 2017

... marker of atherosclerosis. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the
first-line treatment for OSA. A meta-analysis was performed to determine whether
CPAP therapy could decrease carotid IMT. METHODS: The PubMed ...

Comparison of therapeutic effect of bubble CPAP vs ventilator CPAP on respiratory distress syndrome in premature neonates

AH Mehrparvar, M Noorishadkam, M Movahedinia… - Iranian Journal of …, 2017

Objective: In this study we compared the efficacy of ventilatory CPAP with bubble CPAP in
the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature neonates. Methods: This was a
non-blinded randomized clinical trial on 119 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome

北京市部分三级医院急诊科无创机械通气应用现况调查

袁靖， 徐玢， 郭伟 - 中国临床医生杂志, 2017

... 了解北京地区三级医院急诊科无创机械通气应用的现况。结果无创通气应用最多的疾病为慢性阻
塞性肺疾病、睡眠呼吸暂停、神经系统疾病、撤机前的序贯治疗、急性心源性肺水肿。
应用中最常选择使用BiPAP(S/T)模式,其次为CPAP模式。无创通气治疗中各急诊科均不常规使 ...

动脉二氧化碳分压的极值波动对早产儿严重脑室内出血的影响

沈仙， 杨洋， 马学慧， 封云， 郭艳， 陆亚东， 程锐 - 南京医科大学学报 (自然科学版), 2017

... PaCO_2峰值更大(65.00 mm Hg vs.52.00 mm Hg)、差值更大(35.60 mm Hg vs.16.35 mm
Hg),而PaCO_2谷值更小(30.30 mm Hg vs.36.00 mm Hg),P均0.05。(3)与没有使用通气支持的
患儿相比,应用机械通气(MV)或持续正压气道通气(CPAP)模式的患儿PaCO_2的波动范围更大。( ...

Obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom und Schwangerschaft

M Orth, T Schäfer, S Schiermeier, K Rasche - Pneumologie, 2017

Thieme E-Books & E-Journals.

Comorbidity with Sleep Disorders

O Bruni, R Ferri, M Angriman, M Zarowski - Headache and Comorbidities in …, 2017

... Another important point in favor of this strict relationship comes from the fact that treating headache
improves sleep (5-HT, serotoninergic drugs), and, conversely, that treating sleep improves
headache (CPAP treatment, sleep hygiene, dopaminergic agents for restless legs ...

Characterization of physiological networks in sleep apnea patients using artificial neural networks for Granger causality computation

JSC Arroyave, AD Orjuela-Cañón, A Cerquera… - 13th International Conference on …

... the authors present a way to measure the causality that connect the Central Nervous System
(CNS) and the Cardiac System (CS) in people diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
(OSA) before and during treatment with continuous positive air pressure (CPAP). ...

Treating Sleep Problems: A Transdiagnostic Approach

AG Harvey, DJ Buysse - 2017

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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ Obstructiv

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ Obstructive sleep apnea ]

Omega-3 Index and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cross-Sectional Study.

J Tittus, MT Huber, K Storck, A Köhler, JM Köhler… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2017

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Erythrocyte levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)(Omega-3 Index) were previously found to be associated with
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at very low levels (< 5.0%) in only one epidemiologic study.

Sleep-Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Five Adult Patients.

G Chiaro, M Maestri, S Riccardi, J Haba-Rubio… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2017

ABSTRACT: Sleep-related rhythmic movements (SRRMs) are typical in infancy and
childhood, where they usually occur at the wake-to-sleep transition. However, they have
rarely been observed in adults, where they can be idiopathic or associated with other sleep

Increased microcirculatory heterogeneity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

L Ruzek, K Svobodova, LJ Olson, O Ludka, I Cundrle Jr - PloS one, 2017

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep
disordered breathing and has been associated with major cardiovascular comorbidities. We
hypothesized that the microcirculation is impaired in patients with OSA and that the

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis.

LD Chen, L Lin, XJ Lin, YW Ou, Z Wu, YM Ye, QZ Xu… - PloS one, 2017

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased carotid intima-
media thickness (IMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis. Continuous positive airway
pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for OSA. A meta-analysis was performed to

CPAP Treats Enuresis in Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

RP McInnis, EB Dodds, J Johnsen, S Auerbach… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2017

ABSTRACT: Enuresis, or" bedwetting," in children is associated with obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA), and often resolves with treatment of OSA. However, it is poorly understood
whether a similar relationship exists in adults. We describe a case series of 5 adult patients

[HTML] Inflammatory mechanism on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in impacting ischemic stroke

C Lin, Y Yang - Biomedical Research, 2017

Objective: To explore the inflammatory mechanism that Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
(OSAS) impacts ischemic stroke. Methods: 100 patients admitted in department of neurology
of our hospital were enrolled in the study and assigned into the cerebral ischemic stroke

Validation of a New System Using Tracheal Body Sound and Movement Data for Automated Apnea-Hypopnea Index Estimation.

C Kalkbrenner, M Eichenlaub, S Rüdiger… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2017

... Estimation. Kalkbrenner C, Eichenlaub M, Rüdiger S, Kropf-Sanchen C, Brucher R,
Rottbauer W. STUDY OBJECTIVES: The current gold standard for assessment of
obstructive sleep apnea is the in-laboratory polysomnography. ...

Does treating obstructive sleep apnea improve control of Tx-resistant hypertension?

S Solum, T Satre - The Journal of family practice, 2017

Maybe. Treating obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure is
associated with decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 3 to 5 mm Hg in
patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. The clinical significance of this small

Improving PTSD Symptoms and Preventing Progression of Subclinical PTSD to an Overt Disorder by Treating Comorbid OSA With CPAP.

MI Ullah, DG Campbell, R Bhagat, JA Lyons… - … American Academy of Sleep …, 2017

... Ullah MI, Campbell DG, Bhagat R, Lyons JA, Tamanna S. STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive
sleep apnea (OSA) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in United States
veterans. These conditions often coexist and symptoms overlap. ...

The role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathophysiology of obesity

D Guarino, M Nannipieri, S Taddei, G Iervasi… - Frontiers in Physiology, 2017

... Selective leptin resistance, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, hyperinsulinemia and low ghrelin
levels are possible mechanisms underlying sympathetic activation in obesity. Weight loss is able
to reverse metabolic and SNS alterations associated with obesity. ...

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