Case Reports in Otolaryngology

Arteriovenous Malformation in the Auricle in a 59-Year-Old Woman, Junhui Jeong Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 7438571, 3 pages

A Case of Nasopharyngeal Mycobacteriosis with Bony Erosion of the External Skull Base, Kohei Matsuo, Satoshi Tanaka, Masayuki Sakata, Hiroki Takeda, Akihiro Nagata, Masashi Mori, Rie Ito, Yoshifumi Yamamoto, Kiyonobu Ueno, and Atsuhiko Uno Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 7500273, 4 pages

Deep Neck Infection: Atypical Presentation of Papillary Thyroid Cancer, Apichana Mahattanapreut, Rangsima Aroonroch, Chalermchai Chintrakarn, and Chutintorn Sriphrapradang Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 1479201, 4 pages

Alobar Holoprosencephaly with Cebocephaly in a Neonate Born to an HIV-Positive Mother in Eastern Uganda, Franck Katembo Sikakulya, Sonye Magugu Kiyaka, Robert Masereka, and Robinson Ssebuufu Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 7282283, 4 pages

ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma for the Otolaryngologist in a Resource Poor Setting, Nicholas Figaro, Rickhi Ramoutar, Rodolfo Arozarena, Dawn Meyers, and Solaiman Juman Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 3756742, 6 pages

INI1-Intact Sinonasal Carcinoma with Rhabdoid Features, Erin Mulry, Danielle M. Blake, Poornima Hegde, and Todd E. Falcone Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 6075130, 3 pages

Bilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy following Total Thyroidectomy in Triple A Syndrome, an Unexpected but Critical Complication, Mathieu Chamberland, Marc-Antoine Poulin, and Danielle Beaudoin Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 1315117, 3 pages

Importance of Imaging in Congenital Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Case of Neck Neuroblastoma Presenting with Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis, W. X. Yeo, C. Y. Chan, and K. K. H. Tan Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 7368567, 4 pages

A Rare Complication of Fine-Needle Aspiration of Neck Structures, Yazeed M. Qadadha, Nainika Nanda, Chad Ennis, and Timothy McCulloch Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 8944119, 5 pages

Delayed-Onset Neuropathic Pain after Septoplasty, Foteini-Stefania Koumpa, Mark Ferguson, and Hesham Saleh Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 9966318, 4 pages

Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation alleviates behavioral memory impairment caused via repeated administration of sevoflurane in aged rats

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation alleviates behavioral memory impairment caused via repeated administration of sevoflurane in aged rats Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Jan;23(1):46. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10968. Epub 2021 Nov 15. ABSTRACT Elderly patients often need repeated surgical intervention, so it is important to determine the impact of repeated exposure to anesthetics on learning and memory. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is considered to be an essential nutrient for maintaining brain health. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential effects of DHA on memory impairment induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats. A total of 54 Sprague Dawley aged rats (18 months) were randomly divided into the following six groups: i) Control group; ii) sevoflurane group (Sev, 2.5% for 5 min); iii) DHA group (3 g/kg); iv) Sev + DHA (0.3 g/kg) group; v) Sev + DHA (1 g/kg) group; and vi) Sev + DHA (3 g/kg) group. Morris water maze experiment was performed to evaluate the learning and memory ability of the rats following treatment. H&E staining was used to observe any histological changes. Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase levels were detected using ELISA. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to determine nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein expression levels. Following repeated sevoflurane anesthesia, rats exhibited a prolonged escape latency. The number of times rats crossed the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant were also significantly reduced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia. However, rats treated with Sev + DHA exhibited a reduced escape latency, whilst the number of times they crossed the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant increased compared with Sev treatment alone. Histopathological examination revealed that DHA treatment ameliorated the disordered neuron arrangement, deep staining of the neuronal nucleus pyknosis and cell edema observed in the brain tissue induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia. Furthermo re, the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were demonstrated to be significantly increased in rats treated with DHA and exposed to repeated sevoflurane anesthesia compared with those in untreated rats that underwent repeated sevoflurane anesthesia. In conclusion, the present study revealed that DHA exerted protective effects against impairments in learning and memory induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats, which may be associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. PMID:34934425 | PMC:PMC8652387 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10968 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

In vitro and in vivo effects of AVA4746, a novel competitive antagonist of the ligand binding of VLA-4, in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> effects of AVA4746, a novel competitive antagonist of the ligand binding of VLA-4, in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Jan;23(1):47. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10969. Epub 2021 Nov 15. ABSTRACT Treatment of resistant or recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains a challenge. It was previously demonstrated that the adhesion molecule integrin α4, referred to hereafter as α4, mediates the cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) of B-cell ALL by binding to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on bone marrow stroma. In addition, it was previously observed that the blockade of α4 with natalizumab or inhibition using the small molecule antagonist TBC3486 sensitized relapsed ALL cells to chemotherapy. However, α4-targeted therapy is not clinically available for the treatment of leukemia to date. In the present study, the use of a novel non-peptidic small molecule integrin α4 antagonist, AVA4746, as a potential new approach to combat drug-resistant B-ALL was explored. An in vitro co-culture = model of primary B- ALL cells and an in vivo xenograft model of patient-derived B-ALL cells were utilized for evaluation of AVA4746. VLA-4 conformation activation, cell adhesion/de-adhesion, endothelial tube formation, in vivo leukemia cell mobilization and survival assays were performed. AVA4746 exhibited high affinity for binding to B-ALL cells, where it also efficiently blocked ligand-binding to VCAM-1. In addition, AVA4746 caused the functional de-adhesion of primary B-ALL cells from VCAM-1. Inhibition of α4 using AVA4746 also prevented angiogenesis in vitro and when applied in combination with chemotherapy consisting of Vincristine, Dexamethasone and L-asparaginase, it prolonged the survival of ~33% of the mice in an in vivo xenograft model of B-ALL. These data implicate the potential of targeting the α4-VCAM-1 interaction using AVA4746 for the treatment of drug-resistant B-lineage ALL. PMID:34934426 | PMC:PMC8652384 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10969 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Voluntary Cough Effectiveness and Airway Clearance in Neurodegenerative Disease

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Voluntary Cough Effectiveness and Airway Clearance in Neurodegenerative Disease Via swallowing exercises J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Dec 22:1-19. doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00308. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Voluntary cough dysfunction is highly prevalent across multiple patient populations. Voluntary cough has been utilized as a screening tool for swallowing safety deficits and as a target for compensatory and exercise-based dysphagia management. However, it remains unclear whether voluntary cough dysfunction is associated with the ability to effectively clear the airwa y. METHOD: Individuals with neurodegenerative disorders performed same-day voluntary cough testing and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing (FEES). Participants who were cued to cough after exhibiting penetration to the vocal folds and/or aspiration with thin liquids during FEES met inclusion criteria. One-hundred and twenty-three trials were blinded, and the amount of residue before and after a cued cough on FEES was measured with a visual analog scale. Linear and binomial mixed-effects models examined the relationship between cough airflow during voluntary cough testing and the proportion of residue expelled. RESULTS: Peak expiratory flow rate (p = .004) and cough expired volume from the entire epoch (p = .029) were significantly associated with the proportion of aspiration expelled from the subglottis. Peak expiratory flow rate values of 3.00 L/s, 3.50 L/s, and 5.30 L/s provided high predicted probabilities that ≥ 25%, ≥ 50%, and ≥ 80% asp irate was expelled. Accounting for depth of aspiration significantly improved model fit (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that voluntary cough airflow is associated with cough effectiveness to clear aspiration from the subglottis, although aspiration amount and depth may play an important role in this relationship. These findings provide further support for the clinical utility of voluntary cough in the management of dysphagia. PMID:34936376 | DOI:10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00308 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve Without Abnormal Subclavian Artery: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve Without Abnormal Subclavian Artery: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Dec 22:1455613211056547. doi: 10.1177/01455613211056547. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT As a variant of recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (RILN), the nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) is closely related to the occurrence of abnormal subclavian artery (ASA). The nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve has been found in patients without arterial abnormalities, which is seen in the coexistence of NRILN and RILN, but it is easily confused with sympathetic-inferior laryngeal anastomosis branch (SILAB). We encountered 2 right NRILN patients without ASA during thyroid surgery. This article summarizes the characteristics of these cases and proposes methods to distinguish the coexistence of NRILN and RILN from SILAB. So far, 11 articles have reported 16 cases of NRILN without arterial abnormalities. In patients without artery abnormality, the vagus nerve could send out a descending branch NRILN at the bifurcation of the carotid artery and enter the larynx after anastomosis with RILN. Adequate dissection of the carotid sheath may avoid confusion with SILAB, and neural monitoring is also expected to provide a reference for the identification. PMID:34935547 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211056547 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.