Synergic effect of Zn and Cu oxides dispersed on activated carbon during reactive adsorption of H2S at room temperature

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Volume 257
Author(s): Giacomo de Falco, Fabio Montagnaro, Marco Balsamo, Alessandro Erto, Fabio Alessandro Deorsola, Luciana Lisi, Stefano Cimino
The origin of the synergic effect of zinc and copper oxides (ZnO-CuO) supported onto activated carbon on the removal of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from gaseous streams at low temperature is investigated in this work. Sorbents with a fixed total metal content and variable Zn:Cu ratios were prepared by impregnation of a commercial activated carbon. H2S (100–3000 ppmv in N2) removal tests were run under dynamic conditions at 30 °C and compared through analysis of their breakthrough curves, adsorption rates and values of adsorption capacity. Fresh and spent sorbents were characterized by BET and pore size distribution via N2-adsorption, SEM-EDX and XPS. TPD/TPO experiments from partially and completely saturated sorbents allowed the speciation of adsorbed sulphur species, testifying the complexity of the surface reactions which strongly depended on the Zn:Cu ratio, on the interactions of metal oxides with activated carbon and on the textural properties of the sorbent.

Graphical abstract

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Efficiently enriching zinc(II) from and into ammonium chloride media with species regulation and Aliquat336

Publication date: 8 January 2018
Source:Separation and Purification Technology, Volume 190
Author(s): Kuixing Ding, Yunqing Liu, Jia Tang, Youchen Zhou, Xiaohui Lin, Jiugang Hu
Solvent extraction of zinc(II) from and into ammoniacal chloride media with trialkylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat336) has been investigated in the presence and absence of trioctylphospine oxide (TOPO). The results indicate that zinc extraction with Aliquat336 is sensitive to pH and ammonia concentration of ammoniacal chloride solutions. The extraction efficiency of zinc increases with increasing chloride concentration due to the formation of ZnCl3⁻ species. Meanwhile, zinc can be effectively stripped with ammoniacal solutions from the loaded organic phases because of the formation of Zn(NH3)4²⁺ species. The Aliquat336 mixed with TOPO can induce a synergistic effect on zinc extraction but antagonistic effect on ammonia stripping of zinc. Therefore, through adjusting the coordination equilibrium of zinc species in extraction and stripping processes, the efficient enrichment of zinc ions from and into the ammoniacal chloride media can be achieved by solvent extraction, which is beneficial for zinc recovery from the complex ore resources.



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SALSA—A dance on a slippery floor with changing partners

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 89
Author(s): M.P. Reichhardt, U. Holmskov, S. Meri
It is becoming increasingly clear that the connections between our immune system and the microbiota colonizing us have a tremendous impact on human health. A number of innate molecular defence mechanisms cooperate to selectively target unwanted microorganisms at the mucosal surfaces. Amongst others these include the complement system, IgA and the SALSA molecule. The salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA), also known as deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1), salivary agglutinin (SAG) or gp340 is a multifunctional molecule with important functions in innate immunity, inflammation and epithelial homeostasis. The SALSA protein is expressed at most mucosal surfaces, where it is one of the most abundant proteins. In the fetal meconium and infant intestine it may constitute even up to 10% of the total protein amount. SALSA is found either directly associated with the epithelial surface or secreted into the lining fluids. In the fluid-phase SALSA interacts with a number of bacterial and viral organisms, as well as with endogenous ligands, including IgA, lactoferrin, surfactant proteins and complement components. While complement has been shown to impact the mucosal environment, this remains an area of limited research. The multiple interactions of the SALSA molecule provide a scaffold, where this potent defence system may engage in cooperative microbial clearance together with corresponding mucosal host ligands.With its high abundance, and multiple effects on both host and microbes, the SALSA molecule is a key player in maintaining the immunological balance at the mucosal surfaces. This is further supported by observations linking the expression of different SALSA isoforms to the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This review describes the latest advances in understanding functions of SALSA and its different isoforms. Recently recognized functions are related to complement activation and regulation, endothelial development and epithelial homeostasis. In addition, we suggest mechanisms how SALSA regulates inflammation at the mucosal surfaces.



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Selective expression of the transcription elongation factor ELL3 in B cells prior to ELL2 drives proliferation and survival

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 91
Author(s): Lou-Ella M.M. Alexander, January Watters, Jessica A. Reusch, Michelle Maurin, Brook S. Nepon-Sixt, Katerina Vrzalikova, Mark G. Alexandrow, Paul G. Murray, Kenneth L. Wright
B cell activation is dependent on a large increase in transcriptional output followed by focused expression on secreted immunoglobulin as the cell transitions to an antibody producing plasma cell. The rapid transcriptional induction is facilitated by the release of poised RNA pol II into productive elongation through assembly of the super elongation complex (SEC). We report that a SEC component, the Eleven -nineteen Lysine-rich leukemia (ELL) family member 3 (ELL3) is dynamically up-regulated in mature and activated human B cells followed by suppression as B cells transition to plasma cells in part mediated by the transcription repressor PRDM1. Burkitt's lymphoma and a sub-set of Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma cell lines abundantly express ELL3. Depletion of ELL3 in the germinal center derived lymphomas results in severe disruption of DNA replication and cell division along with increased DNA damage and cell death. This restricted utilization and survival dependence reveal a key step in B cell activation and indicate a potential therapeutic target against B cell lymphoma's with a germinal center origin.



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Both Notch1 and its ligands in B cells promote antibody production

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 91
Author(s): Gaizhi Zhu, Xiaoqian Wang, He Xiao, Xiaoling Liu, Ying Fang, Bing Zhai, Ruonan Xu, Gencheng Han, Guojiang Chen, Chunmei Hou, Beifen Shen, Yan Li, Ning Ma, Haitao Wu, Guangchao Liu, Renxi Wang
Notch1 signaling regulates B and T lymphocyte development and also in vitro promotes antibody secretion upon B cell activation. However, it is still unclear about the role of Notch1 in antibody production upon in vitro and in vivo mixture lymphocytes activation. We first showed that Notch1 expressed in LPS-activated CD19^hi B cells and CD19^cre mediated Notch1 knock-down in LPS-activated B cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Notch1 knock-down in B cells reduced antibody production in LPS-stimulated B cells but did not affect antibody production in LPS-stimulated splenocytes and in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. Importantly, Notch1 ligands Dll1 and Jag1 expressed in B cells and pre-coated Notch1 protein promotes Notch1-knocked down B cells to produce antibody in LPS-stimulated B cells suggesting that Notch1 in other cells may promote antibody production by binding its ligands Dll1 and Jag1 in B cells. Together, our results suggest that both Notch1 and its ligands in B cells play an important role in antibody production.



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NLRC5 promotes cell proliferation via regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway in Rheumatoid arthritis

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 91
Author(s): Ya-ru Liu, Xing Yan, Hai-xia Yu, Yao Yao, Jie-quan Wang, Xiao-feng Li, Ruo-nan Chen, Qing-qing Xu, Tao-tao Ma, Cheng Huang, Jun Li
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Previous studies suggested that fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play an important role in RA pathogenesis, including the injury of cartilage, the hyperplasia of the synovium and the release of inflammatory cytokines. We used complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced rats as animal models for studying the RA pathogenesis. NLRC5 as the largest member of the NLR family has been reported to play a critical role in regulating immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that NLRC5 is an pivotal negative modulator of inflammatory pathways. We investigated the mechanisms and signaling pathways of NLRC5 in RA progression. Significantly increased expression of NLRC5 was found in AA rats synovial tissues and cells. And high expression of inflammatory cytokine and cell proliferation of FLSs accompanied with NLRC5 overexpression, but inhibited in cells with NLRC5 silencing treatment. Interestingly, we found that overexpression of NLRC5 also coordinated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggested that NLRC5 promotes RA progression via the NF-κB signaling pathway potentially.



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A novel recombinant vaccine candidate comprising PBP2a and autolysin against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus confers protection in the experimental mice

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 91
Author(s): Setareh Haghighat, Seyed Davar Siadat, Seyed Mehdi Rezayat Sorkhabadi, Abbas Akhavan Sepahi, Mehdi Mahdavi
The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is a hot topic area in microbiology research. Here a novel vaccine candidate consisting of recombinant PBP2a and autolysin proteins were used. The proteins over expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3) cells, and purified by the Ni-NTA affinity column and conjugated using EDAC and ADH as a linker and spacer, respectively. To investigate the immunogenicity and protective effects of recombinant proteins, 5 and 20μg of proteins in various formulations were subcutaneously injected in different groups. Two booster vaccinations were carried out in three-week intervals and blood samples were collected three weeks after each injection.To evaluate the immune response, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b were analyzed. Immunization of mice with r-autolysin and r-autolysin-PBP2a mixture raised total IgGantibody. Additionally, both IgG1 and IgG2a responses induced. Opsonophagocytosis assay showed that anti r-PBP2a and r-autolysin IgG not only promoted phagocytosis of S.aureus, but also decreased the number of viable bacterial cells. Furthermore, survival rate of experimental mice increased in the bacteremia infection. Our results demonstrated that active vaccination with a mixture of r-PBP2a/r-autolysin and conjugate form vaccine reduced the mortality rate and protected mice against lethal MRSA challenge as well as single proteins.



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Preface 16th European Meeting of Complement in Human Disease, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 8th-12th 2017

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 89





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APL-2, a complement C3 inhibitor, may potentially reduce both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 89
Author(s): Delphine El Mehdi, Federico V. Grossi, Pascal Deschatelets, Humphrey Pullon, Lisa Tan, Carolina A. Vega, Cedric G. Francois




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Editorial Board/ Publication Information

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 89





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Plasma C4d as marker for lupus nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 89
Author(s): Myriam Martin, Karolina I. Smolag-Kłosowska, Albin Björk, Birgitta Gullstrand, Marcin Okroj, Jonatan Leffler, Andreas Jönsen, Anders A. Bengtsson, Anna M. Blom




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Comparison of adverse events following injection of original or generic docetaxel for the treatment of breast cancer

Abstract

Purpose

The approval of injectable generic drugs does not require bioequivalence testing. However, although generic products contain the same level of the active compound, the levels and types of additives present can differ from those used in the original product. Since docetaxel is highly lipophilic, polysorbate 80 (PS80), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and ethyl alcohol are employed to solubilize this anticancer agent. This retrospective study compared the safety of five docetaxel products (Taxotere^®, Docetaxel Hospira, Docetaxel Sandoz, Docetaxel Sawai, and Docetaxel EE).

Methods

The incidence and severity of adverse events were analyzed using the medical records of operable breast cancer patients (n = 363) treated with docetaxel (75 mg/m²) in Showa University Hospital, Japan, from Jan 2013 to Mar 2016. Toxicities were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0.

Results

Significant product-related differences were observed in the following non-hematological adverse events: injection site reaction (P = 0.0012), hand-foot syndrome (≥grade 3) (P = 0.0003), and oral mucositis (≥grade 3) (P = 0.0080). Multivariate logistic regression analyses of the associations between these adverse events and the total additive administered (g/m²) identified significant negative effects of PS80 and ethyl alcohol.

Conclusions

Injectable docetaxel products had different adverse event profiles, which showed negative associations with the amounts of PS80 and ethyl alcohol present. This finding indicated that there might be additive-related pharmacokinetic and physiochemical differences among these products, suggesting a need for further pre- or post-approval testing of injectable generic products containing noticeable different levels of additives.

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Intraoral stents in preventing adverse radiotherapeutic effects in lip cancer patients

Publication date: November–December 2017
Source:Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, Volume 22, Issue 6
Author(s): Breno A. Rocha, Lucianne M.C. Lima, Lívia M.R. Paranaíba, Angel da S. Martinez, Maria Betânia de O. Pires, Edimilson M. de Freitas, Camilla V. Vilas Boas, Mário R. de Melo Filho
AimTo fabricate and evaluate the efficacy of individualized intraoral stents to minimize the potential side effects of radiation on oral tissues in patients with early stages of lip cancer.BackgroundLower lip cancer is a common tumor found almost exclusively in middle-aged and elderly males. Surgery is the most common treatment of choice, although for less extensive lesions, exclusive radiotherapy may be preferred. Some studies have found that the use of intraoral stents in patients with intraoral cancer (e.g., of the tongue or floor of the mouth) obtained favorable results in preventing unnecessary radiation doses to adjacent normal tissue and reducing oral complications. However, studies investigating the efficacy of individualized intraoral stents in patients with lip cancer have not been reported in the literature.Materials and methodsSix patients with early stage lip cancer were eligible for curative radiotherapy and personalized intraoral stents. The stents were fabricated and all participants were evaluated for the occurrence of oral complications.ResultsThe regions of the oral mucosa protected from radiation by intraoral stents showed no mucositis. One patient complained of mild oral dryness but without interference in habits. At follow-up, none of the patients had late xerostomia or signs of dental caries by radiation.ConclusionsThe use of individualized intraoral stents was shown to be promising in reducing the adverse effects of radiation therapy in lip cancer patients. These findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team during oncological therapy.



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Inflammation fires up cancer metastasis

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Seminars in Cancer Biology
Author(s): Bin-Zhi Qian
Metastatic disease is the major challenge of cancer that accounts for over 90% of total cancer lethality. Mounting clinical and preclinical data now indicate that inflammation, a potent immune and repair response, is indispensable for metastasis. In this review we describe our current understanding of how major inflammatory cells contribute to metastatic cascade with a focus on the primary tumour. We also discuss exciting new directions for future research and novel therapeutic approaches to tackle metastatic disease through targeting inflammation.



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Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type: Clinical and Imaging Review

Publication date: Available online 1 September 2017
Source:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Brinda Rao Korivi, Sanaz Javadi, Silvana Faria, Tara Sagebiel, Naveen Garg, Madhavi Patnana, Srinivasa R. Prasad




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September 2017:152(3)

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Allen H. Moffitt




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Editorial Board

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3





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Information for readers

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3





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Miniscrew biomechanics: Guidelines for the use of rigid indirect anchorage mechanics

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Sebastian Baumgaertel, Clark L. Jones, Mustafa Unal
Indirect anchorage is an established form of anchorage provided by orthodontic miniscrews. Although there are different ways to set up the mechanics, rigid indirect anchorage offers the greatest biomechanical versatility but is more difficult to install than conventional, nonrigid indirect anchorage or direct anchorage. The purpose of this article was to introduce readers to the concept of rigid indirect anchorage and provide guidelines as to its use.



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An orthodontic registry: Producing evidence from existing resources

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): James L. Vaden, Christopher S. Riolo, Michael L. Riolo




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Mandibular molar mesialization

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Siddharth Mehta, Surendra Lodha




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Authors' response

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Jonas Winkler, Nicolas Göllner, Peter Göllner, Pawel Pazera, Nikolaos Gkantidis




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Table of Contents

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3





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Will similar force magnitude cause differential tooth movement?

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Gargi Sivadasan, Arun. S. Urala, Kalyana Pentapati




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Immunity from what?

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Laurance Jerrold




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Authors' response

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Kristin S. Evans, Cory M. Wood, Allen H. Moffitt, John A. Colgan, J. Kevin Holman, Steven D. Marshall, D. Spencer Pope, Lew B. Sample, Stephen L. Sherman, Peter M. Sinclair, Tim S. Trulove




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Directory: AAO Officers and Organizations

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3





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Midpalatal suture density ratio as a predictor of skeletal response to rapid maxillary expansion

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Robert Willer Farinazzo Vitral, Letícia Chaves Fernandes, Marcelo Reis Fraga, Marcio José da Silva Campos




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Authors' response

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Thorsten Grünheid, Brent E. Larson, Chad E. Larson




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Atomic force microscopy analysis of enamel nanotopography after interproximal reduction

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Shadi Mohebi, Nazila Ameli




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Authors' response

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Li Mei, Richard D. Cannon, Lydia Meredith, Sam Lowrey, Mauro Farella




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Residents' journal review

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Dan Grauer




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Fixed-functional appliance treatment combined with growth hormone therapy

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Min-Ho Jung
The purpose of this study was to illustrate the effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy and fixed functional appliance treatment in a 13-year-old Class II malocclusion patient without GH deficiency. GH has been shown to effectively increase endochondral growth and induce a more prognathic skeletal pattern. Although a major concern in Class II retrognathic patients is chin deficiency, long-term studies have shown that the mandibular growth enhancement effects of functional appliances are clinically insignificant. This case report demonstrates that the mandible grew significantly during fixed functional appliance treatment combined with GH therapy, with stable results during 2 years 11 months of retention. More studies are needed to evaluate GH therapy as a supplement in Class II treatment.



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The proof is in the pudding

Publication date: September 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 3
Author(s): Peter M. Greco




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Scholar : These new articles for Norwegian Archaeological Review are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Norwegian Archaeological Review and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Discussion Reaction to a Reactionary Text Marc Vander Linden Pages: 1-3 | DOI: 10.1080/00293652.2017.1372800 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Clinical epidemiology of tracheal invasion from thyroid cancer in Japanese population: Functional outcomes and effect of aging

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 50, Part A
Author(s): Yuji Kanazawa, Masato Takeuchi, Ichiro Tateya, Koichi Omori, Koji Kawakami
BackgroundAlthough tracheal invasion from thyroid cancer is life-threatening, the epidemiology of its development remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology (prevalence, incidence, and risk factors) and functional outcomes of tracheal invasion from thyroid cancer among Japanese patients who were eligible for full-layer tracheal resection.MethodsPatients with thyroid cancer and with or without tracheal invasion were identified based on procedure codes using a large inpatient database that is maintained by a data vendor. The prevalence and incidence were estimated for each age and sex using Japanese volume of thyroidectomies and Japanese population data. We also explored whether a tumor-related tracheal defect was successfully reconstructed after full-layer tracheal resection.ResultsAmong the 8482 patients with thyroid cancer, the overall prevalence of tracheal invasion was 0.4–0.7%. The overall incidence of thyroid cancer was 12.0/100,000 persons, and the incidence of tracheal invasion was estimated to be 0.05–0.09/100,000 persons. The age distributions were noticeably different between thyroid cancer cases with and without tracheal invasion. The highest incidence was observed at ages of 70–79 years for thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion and 60–69 years for thyroid cancer without invasion. Approximately one-half of patients experienced long-term use of a tracheal tube and/or multiple operations for tracheal reconstruction.ConclusionThe peak incidence of tracheal invasion from thyroid cancer was observed at ages of >70years. In addition, conventional surgical management appears to be limited in its ability to reconstruct tracheal defects.



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Association between the neighborhood obesogenic environment and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 50, Part A
Author(s): Alison J. Canchola, Salma Shariff-Marco, Juan Yang, Cheryl Albright, Andrew Hertz, Song-Yi Park, Yurii B. Shvetsov, Kristine R. Monroe, Loïc Le Marchand, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Lynne R. Wilkens, Iona Cheng
BackgroundInformation on the role of the neighborhood environment and colorectal cancer risk is limited. We investigated the association between a comprehensive suite of possible obesogenic neighborhood attributes (socioeconomic status, population density, restaurant and retail food environments, numbers of recreational facilities and businesses, commute patterns, traffic density, and street connectivity) and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.MethodsAmong 81,197 eligible participants living in California (35,397 males and 45,800 females), 1973 incident cases (981 males and 992 females) of invasive colorectal cancer were identified between 1993 and 2010. Separately for males and females, multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer risk overall and by racial/ethnic group (African American, Japanese American, Latino, white).ResultsIn males, higher traffic density was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61, p=0.03, for quintile 5 vs. quintile 1; p-trend=0.06). While this association may be due to chance, this pattern was seen (albeit non-statistically significant) in all racial/ethnic groups except whites. There were no other significant associations between other neighborhood obesogenic attributes and colorectal cancer risk.ConclusionFindings from our large racial/ethnically diverse cohort suggest neighborhood obesogenic characteristics are not strongly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer.



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Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Tedizolid Phosphate After Single-Dose Administration in Healthy Korean Male Subjects

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Clinical Therapeutics
Author(s): Yun Kim, Anhye Kim, SeungHwan Lee, Sung-Hak Choi, Dae Young Lee, Ji-Su Song, Howard Lee, In-Jin Jang, Kyung-Sang Yu
PurposeTedizolid phosphate is a next-generation oxazolidinone prodrug that is transformed into the active moiety tedizolid. Its indication is acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive species, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Although tedizolid phosphate has been marketed in Korea, no data on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties or tolerability of tedizolid phosphate in Korean subjects are available. This study was designed to evaluate the PK properties, oral bioavailability, and tolerability with a single-dose oral and intravenous administration of tedizolid phosphate in healthy Korean male subjects.MethodsA block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose study was conducted in 3 groups (200, 400, and 600 mg; 10 subjects in each group). In the second part of the study, subjects from the 200-mg group received administration orally and intravenously (1-hour infusion) via 2-way crossover for the evaluation of absolute bioavailability. There was a 7-day washout period between treatments in the absolute bioavailability part of the study. Serial blood samples for PK analysis were collected for up to 72 hours. Tolerability was assessed by analysis of adverse events.FindingsThirty healthy Korean subjects completed the study and were included in the PK and tolerability analyses. Tedizolid phosphate was rapidly converted into tedizolid. After a single oral dose, the Tmax of tedizolid was observed to be 1.5 to 2.5 hours, and the plasma concentration–time curve of tedizolid showed a 2-phase elimination pattern, with a half-life of ~11 hours. Dose-dependent increases were observed in the AUClast value (29,441–78,062 μg · h/L) and in the Cmax value (2679–6980 μg/L) with the administration of tedizolid phosphate 200 to 600 mg PO. The absolute bioavailability of tedizolid was 95.2% (90% CI, 92.7%–97.8%) in the 200-mg administration group. There were no serious adverse events or clinically significant changes in the tolerability assessment.ImplicationsTedizolid phosphate at doses of up to 600 mg was well-tolerated in these healthy Korean male subjects. Tedizolid shows dose linearity with oral administration, and no dose adjustment of tedizolid phosphate 200 mg would be needed when switching administration routes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02097043.



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Vitamin C in Clinical Therapeutics

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Clinical Therapeutics
Author(s): Harri Hemilä




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Scholar : These new articles for Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: BOOK REVIEW Right-wing terrorism in the 21st century: the 'national socialist underground' and the history of terror from the far-right in Germany Scott N. Romaniuk Pages: 1-3 | DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2017.1372505 Interested in the political-economic topics surrounding China? You wouldn't want to miss this exclusive collection. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

JCD Editorial – September, 2017

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Issue Information - TOC

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BJD Snippet

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Erratum to: An IGRT margin concept for pelvic lymph nodes in high-risk prostate cancer

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Genetics of human autoimmunity: From genetic information to functional insights

Publication date: Available online 1 September 2017
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Kazuyoshi Ishigaki, Yuta Kochi, Kazuhiko Yamamoto
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of risk variants associated with human autoimmune diseases. Recent evidence suggests that a substantial portion of them affect gene expression in specific cell types. To obtain the functional insights of GWAS findings, comprehensive characterization of genetic variants in human genome is a key task. In parallel with GWAS, many researches in functional genomics have been conducted in the past decade, and our understandings of cell type-specific gene regulatory system have been substantially improved. In this review, we will introduce the main research topics in functional genomics, and explain their utility to understand biological mechanisms of autoimmune diseases.



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Soluble Interleukin-7 receptor levels and risk of acute graft-versus-disease after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Katrine Kielsen, Zaiba Shamim, Stephanie Thiant, Sylvie Faucher, Wendy Decker, Ib Jarle Christensen, Lars Peter Ryder, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Klaus Müller
Interleukin-7 is a cytokine essential for T cell homeostasis. IL-7 binds to cellular IL-7 receptors in competition with a soluble form of the receptor (sIL-7Rα). We hypothesized that altered sIL-7Rα levels may cause adverse outcomes in patients undergoing HSCT. In parallel, we investigated the impact of the IL-7Rα SNP rs6897932, which has been associated with release of IL-7R.The sIL-7Rα levels decreased during HSCT (from 114ng/ml before to 48ng/ml at day +14 (P<0.0001)). This pattern was inversely mirrored by IL-7. The IL-7/sIL-7Rα ratio at day +14 was significantly higher in patients developing grade II-IV aGVHD (OR=4.3, P=0.026). Furthermore, donor carriage of the rs6897932 T allele was associated with reduced sIL-7Rα levels, increased risk of grade II-IV aGVHD (OR=2.4, P=0.055) and increased transplant-related mortality (CC=4.5%, CT=21.4% and TT=27.3%, P=0.0037). In conclusion, this study suggests an impact of sIL-7Rα levels and rs6897932 donor genotype on alloreactivity and outcome after HSCT.

Graphical abstract

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Scholar : a/b: Auto/Biography Studies, Volume 32, Issue 3, Autumn 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content a/b: Auto/Biography Studies, Volume 32, Issue 3, Autumn 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. Special Issue: Excavating Lives This new issue contains the following articles: Introduction Unearthing Objects, Discovering Stories, and Retelling Lives Amy-Katerini Prodromou & Nicoletta Demetriou Pages: 459-471 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1337992 The Process Biography: The Echo of Those Who Have Lost Their Voices? By Fethiye Çetin Pages: 473-478 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1339997 Essays Radical Connections: Genealogy, Small Lives, Big Data By Julie Rak Pages: 479-497 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1340000 Modern Memory-Making: Marie Kondo, Online Journaling, and the Excavation, Curation, and Control of Personal Digital Data Kylie Cardell Pages: 499-517 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1337993 Excavating the Gendered Self: Digital Affordance and Photo-Auto|Biography By Xin Huang Pages: 519-539 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1337995 Excavating Childhood: Fairy Tales, Monsters, and Abuse Survival in Lynda Barry's What It Is By Olga Michael Pages: 541-566 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338002 Learning from Lilo Linke: Unearthing Her Authentic Autobiographies for an Emancipatory Pedagogy By Anita Oğurlu Pages: 567-585 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1341798 Unearthing the Past: Bringing Ideological Indoctrination to Light in North Korean Girls' Memoirs By Ana Belén Martínez García Pages: 587-602 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338004 Out of Life: Routes, Refuge, Rescue Alfred Hornung Pages: 603-623 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1339999 Forum: Refugee Narratives The Placing of Displaced Lives: Refugee Narratives By Clare Brant, Tobias Heinrich & Monica Soeting Pages: 625-628 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1339996 Among Drowned Lives: Digital Archives and Migrant Memories in the Age of Transmediality By Alice Cati & Maria Francesca Piredda Pages: 628-637 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338037 Narratives In|With and Beyond Borders: Constraints and Potentialities of Biographical Research with Refugees By Elsa Lechner Pages: 637-643 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338023 Fanciful Flights: Reimagining Refugee Narratives of Escape in Kao Kalia Yang's The Latehomecomer: A Hmong Family Memoir By Aline Lo Pages: 643-648 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1339452 Refugee Comics and Migrant Topographies By Candida Rifkind Pages: 648-654 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1339468 Mapping Lives Across Borders By Helga Lenart-Cheng Pages: 654-659 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338019 Autobiographical Docudrama as Testimony: Jonas Carpignano's Mediterranea By Eleanor Paynter Pages: 659-666 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1339467 The Ungrateful Child Refugee: The Anti-Sensationalism of Lore Segal's Other People's Houses By David Hadar Pages: 667-672 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338025 RefugeeǀCitizen: Mediating Testimony through Image and Word in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina By Leigh Gilmore Pages: 673-681 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1339447 How Would You Teach It? Sites of Identity: Teaching Memoir and Place By Kathleen Boardman Pages: 683-692 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338026 What's Next? History, Historians, and Autobiography Revisited By Jeremy D. Popkin Pages: 693-698 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338028 Book Reviews Rev. of Navigating Loss in Women's Contemporary Memoir, by AMY-KATERINI PRODROMOU Palgrave Macmillan, 2015 166 pp., $90.00 (Hardback), ISBN 978-1-137-48291-4 Janet Mason Ellerby Pages: 699-702 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338029 Rev. of Telling the Flesh: Life Writing, Citizenship, and the Body in the Letters to Samuel Auguste Tissot, by SONJA BOON McGill-Queen's University Press, 2015 324 pp., $37.95 (Paperback), ISBN 978-0-7735-4639-4 Franziska Gygax Pages: 702-705 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338031 Rev. of Fashioning the Elusive Self: Autobiography in China and the West by YING WANG & DAVID MONEY Bringfield's Head Press, 2015 286 pp., ₤28.00 (Paperback), ISBN 978-1-910-73001-0 Alfred Hornung Pages: 706-708 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1338033 Notes on Contributors Notes On Contributors Pages: 709-715 | DOI: 10.1080/08989575.2017.1350348 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, Volume 39, Issue 3, September 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, Volume 39, Issue 3, September 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Research Article Relationship between politics and administration: a comparative analysis of legislation and governance in Pacific Island governmental systems Lhawang Ugyel Pages: 153-162 | DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2017.1361626 Corporatist governance in Hong Kong: The case of the sports and arts functional constituency Rikkie L. K. Yeung, Francesca T. C. Chiu & James Y. C. Kwok Pages: 163-176 | DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2017.1361632 Decentralisation without decentralisation: Bangladesh's failed attempt to transfer power from the central government to local governments Pranab Panday Pages: 177-188 | DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2017.1363940 Bargaining between local governments and multinational corporations in a decentralised system of governance: the cases of Ogan Komering Ilir and Banyuwangi districts in Indonesia | K. Kuswanto, Herman W. Hoen & Ronald L. Holzhacker Pages: 189-201 | DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2017.1368246 Commissioned Review Article What might it take to achieve sustainable development? Three contrasting sets of perspectives Priya A. Kurian Pages: 202-210 | DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2017.1367164 Research Note Public sector appointments, political influence and performance: perceptions of the situation in Pakistan Junaid Ashraf Pages: 211-216 | DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2017.1365467 Transparency and accountability in local government: levels of commitment of municipal councillors in Bongabon in the Philippines Arneil G. Gabriel Pages: 217-223 | DOI: 10.1080/23276665.2017.1368902 Interested in the political-economic topics surrounding China? You wouldn't want to miss this exclusive collection. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Use of high b value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in acute encephalopathy/encephalitis during childhood

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Brain and Development
Author(s): Yoshiko Tsubouchi, Shinji Itamura, Yoshiaki Saito, Eijiro Yamashita, Yuki Shinohara, Tetsuya Okazaki, Koyo Ohno, Yoko Nishimura, Masayoshi Oguri, Yoshihiro Maegaki
AimTo determine the use of high b value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis and assessment of acute febrile encephalopathy/encephalitis in childhood.Subjects and methodsWe enrolled 22 children, for whom we examined DWI with b=1000s/mm², DWI with b=3000s/mm², and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map with b=1000 during the acute phase of febrile encephalopathy/encephalitis. Clinical diagnoses included acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD; n=6), clinically mild encephalopathy/encephalitis with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS; n=6), and herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE; n=3), unclassified acute encephalopathy/acute encephalitis (n=2); acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS; n=1); other encephalopathy (n=1); infarction (n=1); head injury (n=1); or mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (n=1). The diagnostic quality of brain lesions was compared between b=1000 and b=3000 DWI images by visual inspection. In addition, we attempted a quantitative assessment using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and an index of signal intensity (SI) ratio, defined as the mean SI at the affected lesion divided by the mean SI at the pons.ResultsHigh intensity lesions were either visible only on b=3000 DWI (n=5; 2 AESD, 1 MERS, 1 HSE, and 1 unclassifiable encephalopathy) or more effectively identified on b=3000 DWI than on b=1000 DWI (n=17). The outcome of the former five subjects was favorable, without motor or intellectual sequelae. The mean SI ratio of b=3000 was significantly greater than that of b=1000 in AESD and MERS subgroups as well as in all 22 subjects. Mean ADC values were lower in the AESD and MERS than that in the HSE subgroups.ConclusionWe concluded that b=3000 DWI was superior to b=1000 DWI in detecting abnormal lesions in acute encephalopathy/encephalitis during childhood.



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The TLR2 Antagonist Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like Protein 3 Acts as a Virulence Factor to Promote Bacterial Pathogenicity in vivo.

The TLR2 Antagonist Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like Protein 3 Acts as a Virulence Factor to Promote Bacterial Pathogenicity in vivo.

J Innate Immun. 2017 Sep 01;:

Authors: Koymans KJ, Goldmann O, Karlsson CAQ, Sital W, Thänert R, Bisschop A, Vrieling M, Malmström J, van Kessel KPM, de Haas CJC, van Strijp JAG, Medina E

Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is important in the initiation of immune responses and subsequent instigation of adaptive immunity. TLR2 recognizes bacterial lipoproteins and plays a central role in the host defense against bacterial infections, including those caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of TLR2 in murine S. aureus infection. S. aureus evades TLR2 activation by secreting two proteins, staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 3 (SSL3) and 4 (SSL4). In this study, we demonstrate that antibodies against SSL3 and SSL4 are found in healthy individuals, indicating that humans are exposed to these proteins during S. aureus colonization or infection. To investigate the TLR2-antagonistic properties of SSL3 and SSL4, we compared the infection with wild-type and SSL3/4 knockout S. aureus strains in an intravenous murine infection model. Direct evaluation of the contribution of SSL3/4 to infection pathogenesis was hindered by the fact that the SSLs were not expressed in the murine system. To circumvent this limitation, an SSL3-overproducing strain (pLukM-SSL3) was generated, resulting in constitutive expression of SSL3. pLukM-SSL3 exhibited increased virulence compared to the parental strain in a murine model that was found to be TLR2 dependent. Altogether, these data indicate that SSL3 contributes to S. aureus virulence in vivo.

PMID: 28858870 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Scholar : These new articles for Aquatic Insects are available online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Aquatic Insects and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Karyotype, sex determination and male meiosis in three benthic water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae) Desislava Stoianova , S. Grozeva, N. Simov & V. Kuznetsova Pages: 1-10 | DOI: 10.1080/01650424.2017.1346260 Insights into species diversity of the genus Hydropsyche Pictet, 1834 (Hydropsychidae, Trichoptera) from the Lake Kinneret catchment (Israel) Arne J. Beermann, Laura Uekötter, Florian Leese, Armin W. Lorenz & Yaron Hershkovitz Pages: 1-16 | DOI: 10.1080/01650424.2017.1351567 Get your Mycology research published open access! Submit your paper today: http://bit.ly/mycology-cfp To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Clarification of a suspicious thyroid nodule by use of camSPECT/US fusion imaging

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Professor Peter H. Venables 3 April 1923–26th April 2017

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biological Psychology, Volume 129
Author(s): Adrian Raine




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Clarification of a suspicious thyroid nodule by use of camSPECT/US fusion imaging

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Community composition specificity and potential role of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria attached on the different bloom-forming cyanobacteria

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Microbiological Research
Author(s): Liu Yang, Yuqian Liu, Xiuyun Cao, Zijun Zhou, Siyang Wang, Jian Xiao, Chunlei Song, Yiyong Zhou
The abundance, phosphorus solubilizing ability and community composition of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) attached on two bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis and Anabeana, were investigated in Guanqiao ponds in 2014 and Lake Chaohu in 2015 and 2016. Thirty organic phosphate-mineralizing bacteria (OPB) and eighteen inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (IPB) isolated from Guanqiao ponds and Lake Chaohu were identified. The community compositions of PSB attached on Microcystis and Anabeana were found to be entirely different. Some PSB were found to be shared by OPB and IPB, especially the species attached on Microcystis, such as Rhizobium sp. Compared to the PSB attached on Anabeana, the PSB attached on Microcystis showed the lower numbers, higher phosphorus solubilizing ability and extensive substrate adaptability. This indicated that the PSB were important for the growth of Microcystis through meeting soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) demand, which was further supported by the data from Guanqiao ponds where succession process from Anabeana to Microcystis was recorded. All these facts can explain why the succession from Anabeana to Microcystis frequently occurred in shallow eutrophic lakes. Therefore, the attached PSB should be considered as a crucial contributor on algal growth, succession and collapse, depending on algal species.



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Postural stability in subjects with temporomandibular disorders and healthy controls: A comparative assessment

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, Volume 37
Author(s): Alessandro Nota, Simona Tecco, Shideh Ehsani, Johnny Padulo, Alberto Baldini
Purpose of the studyThe influence of the stomatognathic apparatus on body posture is a continuously discussed topic with contrasting results. The aim of this study is to analyze differences in postural stability between subjects with and without myogenous TMD.Methods25 subjects affected by myogenous TMD according with DC/TMD (6 males, 19 females; mean age 31.75±6.68years) and a healthy control group of 19 subjects (4 Males, 15 Females; mean age 27.26±3.85years) were enrolled in the study.Both groups underwent a posturo-stabilometric force platform exam under different mandibular and visual conditions. Sway area and sway velocity of the COP (Center Of foot Pressure) posturo-stabilometric parameters were evaluated and compared applying Mann-U-Whitney statistical test.ResultsThe sway area and sway velocity parameters resulted statistically significantly higher in the TMD group (sway area p<0.01; sway velocity p<0.05) in mandibular maximum intercuspation and rest positions with eyes open.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a significant difference in body postural stability between subjects with myogenous TMD and healthy controls. In particular, sway area and sway velocity postural parameters are increased in these subjects.



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Is intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) always intrachromosomal?

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Cancer Genetics
Author(s): Karen D. Tsuchiya, Billy Davis, Rebecca A. Gardner
Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) provide prognostic information that is useful in determining treatment stratification. iAMP21 is a more recently recognized cytogenetic entity of B-ALL that was originally described as multiple copies of the RUNX1 gene on a structurally abnormal chromosome 21. Subsequent studies elucidated a common region of highest-level amplification that includes RUNX1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the most common method used to identify iAMP21, which is defined as the presence of five or more total copies of RUNX1, with three or more extra RUNX1 signals on a single abnormal chromosome 21. More recently, chromosomal microarray (CMA) and next generation sequencing have uncovered a characteristic chromosome 21 copy number profile in cases of iAMP21.We present a case of iAMP21 that does not fit the formal FISH definition. However, CMA uncovered the characteristic chromosome 21 copy number profile that is seen in iAMP21, demonstrating that CMA is helpful for the detection of this entity when FISH results are ambiguous. Furthermore, CMA showed that the highest level of amplification in this case did not include the RUNX1 gene, consistent with current evidence that RUNX1 is not the primary target of amplification.



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New Insights into the Nuclear Imaging Phenotypes of Cluster 1 Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Author(s): David Taïeb, Karel Pacak
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) belong to the family of neural crest cell-derived neoplasms. In up to 70% of cases they are associated with germline and somatic mutations in 15 well-characterized PPGL driver or fusion genes. PPGLs can be grouped into three main clusters, where cluster 1 includes PPGLs characterized by a pseudohypoxic signature. Although cluster 1 tumors share several common features, they exhibit unique behaviors. We present here unique insights into the imaging phenotypes of cluster 1 PPGLs based on glucose uptake, catecholamine metabolism, and somatostatin receptor expression. Recent data suggest that succinate is a major player in the imaging phenotype of succinate dehydrogenase-deficient PPGLs. This review emphasizes the emerging stromal cell–succinate interaction and highlights new perspectives in PPGL theranostics.



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Quality analysis of population-based information on cancer stage at diagnosis across Europe, with presentation of stage-specific cancer survival estimates: A EUROCARE-5 study

Publication date: October 2017
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 84
Author(s): Pamela Minicozzi, Kaire Innos, Maria-José Sánchez, Annalisa Trama, Paul M. Walsh, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Nadya Dimitrova, Laura Botta, Otto Visser, Silvia Rossi, Andrea Tavilla, Milena Sant
BackgroundCancer registries (CRs) are fundamental for estimating cancer burden, evaluating screening and monitoring health service performance. Stage at diagnosis—an essential information item collected by CRs—has been made available, for the first time, by CRs participating in EUROCARE-5. We analysed the quality of this information and estimated stage-specific survival across Europe for CRs with good data quality.Data and methodsSixty-two CRs sent stage (as TNM, condensed TNM or extent of disease) for 15 cancers diagnosed in 2000–2007. We assessed the quality, partly by comparing stage according to the three systems. We also developed procedures to reconstruct stage (categories: local, regional, metastatic and unknown) using information from all three systems, thus minimising the amount of missing information.ResultsModerate-to-excellent stage concordance was found for practically all 24 CRs, for which it was possible to compare at least two staging systems. However, since stage was often incorrectly assigned, and information on the presence/absence of metastases was often lacking, data on only 7/15 cancers from 34/62 CRs (15 countries) were of sufficient quality for further analysis. Cases diagnosed ≥70 years had more advanced (or lacking) stage– and worse stage-specific survival than those <70 years.ConclusionsMany European CRs collect and record reasonably accurate stage information. Others have difficulties. Both the completeness of primary data and the accuracy of stage coding need to be improved in order for CRs to fulfil their expanding roles in cancer control. We propose our stage reconstruction/checking procedures as a means of fully exploiting the stage information provided by EUROCARE CRs. More advanced (or lacking) stage at diagnosis plus poorer stage-specific survival in the elderly are worrying.



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Acylglycerol Kinase: Mitochondrial Protein Transport Meets Lipid Biosynthesis

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Trends in Cell Biology
Author(s): Christoph U. Mårtensson, Thomas Becker
The carrier translocase (TIM22 complex) inserts hydrophobic proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Recently, the acylglycerol kinase (AGK) mutated in Sengers syndrome was identified as a novel subunit of the human TIM22 complex. This finding reveals an exciting link between mitochondrial protein and lipid biogenesis.



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Targeting BRAF in metastatic colorectal cancer: maximizing molecular approaches

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews
Author(s): John H Strickler, Christina Wu, Tanios Bekaii-Saab
Oncogenic mutations in B-type Raf kinase (BRAF) occur in 7% to 10% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC). Despite recent improvements in survival for the general population of patients with mCRC, patients with BRAF-mutant mCRC continue to have poor response to most systemic therapies, and prognosis remains poor. There is a substantial unmet need for novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients with BRAF-mutant mCRC. This review outlines the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, prognosis, and mechanisms of treatment resistance of BRAF mutated CRC. Additionally, this review highlights novel therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing response and improving outcomes.



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Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews
Author(s): Carlos Alfaro, Miguel F. Sanmamed, María E. Rodríguez-Ruiz, Álvaro Teijeira, Carmen Oñate, Álvaro González, Mariano Ponz, Kurt A. Schalper, José L. Pérez-Gracia, Ignacio Melero
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) was originally described as a chemokine whose main function is the attraction of a polymorphonuclear inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate acting on CXCR1/2. Recently, it has been found that tumors very frequently coopt the production of this chemokine, which in this malignant context exerts different pro-tumoral functions. Reportedly, these include angiogenesis, survival signaling for cancer stem cells and attraction of myeloid cells endowed with the ability to immunosuppress and locally provide growth factors. Given the fact that in cancer patients IL-8 is mainly produced by tumor cells themselves, its serum concentration has been shown to correlate with tumor burden. Thus, IL-8 serum concentrations have been shown to be useful as a pharmacodynamic biomarker to early detect response to immunotherapy. Finally, because of the roles that IL-8 plays in favoring tumor progression, several therapeutic strategies are being developed to interfere with its functions. Such interventions hold promise, especially for therapeutic combinations in the field of cancer immunotherapy.



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Surgical approaches, anaesthetic management and outcome in pediatric superior mediastinal tumors

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute
Author(s): Gehad Ahmed, Mohammed M. Hegazy, Tarek Raafat, Hanafy Hafez, Sayed Fadel, Maged Elshafiey
BackgroundPediatric superior mediastinal tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors with marked variation in pathology and extension. We reviewed our experience with different surgical approaches to tumors originating from or extending to superior mediastinum in pediatrics.Patients and methodsThe medical records of all patients who had undergone resection for superior mediastinal tumors in Children's Cancer Hospital – Egypt, between January 2008 to December 2015, were reviewed for demographic data, clinico-pathological features, radiologic findings, operative techniques and outcome.ResultsThe study included 20 patients. Diagnosis included: germ cell tumors (n=8), neuroblastoma (n=4), soft tissue sarcoma (n=3), thymolipoma (n=2), infantile fibromatosis (n=1), calcifying fibrous tumor (n=1), and thymic carcinoma (n=1). Tumor extension was divided into tumors extending unilaterally to one hemithorax (n=9), tumors extending bilaterally to both hemithoraces (n=4), and cervico thoracic junction tumors (n=7). Extended lateral thoracotomy was used in 8 patients. Other approaches included trapdoor (n=5), clamshell (n=4), cervical approach (n=2) and double level lateral thoracotomy (n=1). There was no perioperative mortality, and postoperative morbidity was 20%. At the end of December 2016, 15 patients were alive free of disease, 5 patients developed local and/ or distant relapse.ConclusionPediatric superior mediastinal tumors could be divided into 3 groups according to tumor extension. Each group has an optimum surgical approach that achieves the best exposure for adequate resection. However, further research is needed to confirm the conclusion as this was a descriptive study and the sample size was too small for valid statistical analysis.



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Editorial Board

Publication date: September–October 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology, Volume 7, Issue 5





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Table of Contents

Publication date: September–October 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology, Volume 7, Issue 5





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Oncologist, Cancer Patient, Oncologist

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Joel E. Tepper




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Masthead

Publication date: September–October 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology, Volume 7, Issue 5





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Adherence to ICRU-83 Reporting Recommendations is Inadequate in Prostate Dosimetry Studies

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Aishling Mohan, Elizabeth Forde
PurposeThis study aimed to investigate if the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) 83 recommendations for reporting dosimetric endpoints are followed in published prostate studies using modulated techniques.Methods and MaterialsProstate dosimetry studies using inverse planning techniques were identified through a search of PubMed and EMBASE databases. These studies were analysed to determine if the endpoints reported followed the recommendations outlined in ICRU-83. A data collection form was completed and any alternative methods of reporting were recorded. Results were analysed using frequencies, percentages and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsThe ICRU-83 recommendations were not followed in the majority of studies. For the planning target volume the dose received by 2% of the volume (D2%), the dose received by 98% of the volume (D98%) and the dose received by 50% of the volume D50% were reported in 22.9%, 18.8%, and 8.3% of studies respectively. The adherence to reporting for the clinical target volume was below 5% for all specifications. The mean dose, the dose received by a specified volume (DV) and D2% for organs at risk were reported in 47.1%, 83.3% and 16.7% respectively. The homogeneity index was used in 14.6% of studies. Conformity was discussed in 45.8% of studies. Confidence intervals were included in 37.5% of studies.ConclusionsThe reporting recommendations of ICRU-83 were not adhered to in the majority of the dosimetry studies reviewed highlighting the need for greater diligence for authors and reviewers when publishing planning outcomes for modulated techniques.



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Evaluation of near-miss and adverse events in radiation oncology using a comprehensive causal factor taxonomy

Publication date: September–October 2017
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology, Volume 7, Issue 5
Author(s): Matthew B. Spraker, Robert Fain, Olga Gopan, Jing Zeng, Matthew Nyflot, Loucille Jordan, Gabrielle Kane, Eric Ford
PurposeIncident learning systems (ILSs) are a popular strategy for improving safety in radiation oncology (RO) clinics, but few reports focus on the causes of errors in RO. The goal of this study was to test a causal factor taxonomy developed in 2012 by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine and adopted for use in the RO: Incident Learning System (RO-ILS).Methods and materialsThree hundred event reports were randomly selected from an institutional ILS database and Safety in Radiation Oncology (SAFRON), an international ILS. The reports were split into 3 groups of 100 events each: low-risk institutional, high-risk institutional, and SAFRON. Three raters retrospectively analyzed each event for contributing factors using the American Association of Physicists in Medicine taxonomy.ResultsNo events were described by a single causal factor (median, 7). The causal factor taxonomy was found to be applicable for all events, but 4 causal factors were not described in the taxonomy: linear accelerator failure (n = 3), hardware/equipment failure (n = 2), failure to follow through with a quality improvement intervention (n = 1), and workflow documentation was misleading (n = 1). The most common causal factor categories contributing to events were similar in all event types. The most common specific causal factor to contribute to events was a "slip causing physical error." Poor human factors engineering was the only causal factor found to contribute more frequently to high-risk institutional versus low-risk institutional events.ConclusionsThe taxonomy in the study was found to be applicable for all events and may be useful in root cause analyses and future studies. Communication and human behaviors were the most common errors affecting all types of events. Poor human factors engineering was found to specifically contribute to high-risk more than low-risk institutional events, and may represent a strategy for reducing errors in all types of events.



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Quaking RNA-Binding Proteins Control Early Myofibril Formation by Modulating Tropomyosin

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Developmental Cell
Author(s): Aline Bonnet, Guillaume Lambert, Sylvain Ernest, François Xavier Dutrieux, Fanny Coulpier, Sophie Lemoine, Riadh Lobbardi, Frédéric Marc Rosa
Skeletal muscle contraction is mediated by myofibrils, complex multi-molecular scaffolds structured into repeated units, the sarcomeres. Myofibril structure and function have been extensively studied, but the molecular processes regulating its formation within the differentiating muscle cell remain largely unknown. Here we show in zebrafish that genetic interference with the Quaking RNA-binding proteins disrupts the initial steps of myofibril assembly without affecting early muscle differentiation. Using RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that Quaking is required for accumulation of the muscle-specific tropomyosin-3 transcript, tpm3.12. Further functional analyses reveal that Tpm3.12 mediates Quaking control of myofibril formation. Moreover, we identified a Quaking-binding site in the 3′ UTR of tpm3.12 transcript, which is required in vivo for tpm3.12 accumulation and myofibril formation. Our work uncovers a Quaking/Tpm3 pathway controlling de novo myofibril assembly. This unexpected developmental role for Tpm3 could be at the origin of muscle defects observed in human congenital myopathies associated with tpm3 mutation.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Bonnet et al. explore how de novo myofibril formation is regulated within the differentiating muscle cell. In zebrafish, they identify Quaking RNA-binding proteins and tropomyosin-3 as essential regulators. Quaking controls early steps of myofibril assembly by promoting tropomyosin-3 transcript accumulation, through physical interaction with its 3′ UTR.


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