Polychlorinated Dibenzo-para-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans.

This volume of the IARC Monographs evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). PCDDs are formed as inadvertent by-products, sometimes in combination with PCDFs, during the production of chlorophenols and chlorophenoxy herbicides, and have been detected as contaminants in these products. PCDDs and PCDFs may also be produced in thermal processes such as incineration and metal-processing and in the bleaching of paper pulp with free chlorine. Of the PCDDs, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), or "dioxin", has attracted the greatest concern.

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