Colistin for Prophylactic Use in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis or COPD with Exacerbations: A Review of Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines [Internet].

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada, with a national estimate of COPD prevalence of approximately 4% in 2011. Patients with COPD can experience exacerbations, or periods of worsening of COPD symptoms such as increased breathlessness, tiredness, fever and change in sputum colour. Bronchiectasis, or dilatation of the airways due to infective causes or cystic fibrosis (CF), had an incidence of 272 per 100 000 in those over 75 years of age in the US as of 2005. The reduced ability to clear secretions from dilated airways eventually leads to airway blockage and loss of lung function.

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