Sweat allergy: extrinsic or intrinsic?

Publication date: Available online 9 March 2017
Source:Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): Takaaki Hiragun, Makiko Hiragun, Kaori Ishii, Takanobu Kan, Michihiro Hide
Sweat has been recognized as an exacerbation factor in all age groups of atopic dermatitis (AD). Elevation of body core temperature with sweating is a trigger of cholinergic urticaria (CholU). Recently, we reported the improvement of AD symptoms by spray containing tannic acid, which suppresses basophil histamine release by semi-purified sweat antigen in vitro, and by showering that removes antigens in sweat from the skin surface. Sweat contains small amount of proteins including proteases, protease inhibitors, and anti-microbial peptides. We finally identified MGL_1304 secreted by Malassezia (M.) globosa as a major histamine releasing antigen in human sweat. MGL_1304 is detected as a 17-kDa protein in sweat and exhibits almost the highest histamine release ability from basophils of patients with AD and CholU among antigens derived from Malassezia species. Moreover, serum levels of anti-MGL_1304 IgE of patients with AD and CholU were significantly higher than those of normal controls. The recombinant protein produced by Pichia pastoris possessed comparable allergenicity to native MGL_1304. We found a monoclonal IgE antibody against MGL_1304 which did not elicit histamine release from sensitized mast cells. Desensitization therapy using autologous sweat, or MGL_1304 purified from culture of M. globosa or its cognates might be beneficial for patients with intractable CholU due to sweat allergy. (207<250 words)



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