Fever After Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Infusion in Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide

Publication date: Available online 3 April 2017
Source:Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy
Author(s): Marcos Arango, Juan F. Combariza
Objective/Background: Noninfection-related fever can occur after peripheral blood stem cell infusion in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of fever and characterize some clinical features of affected patients.Methods: A retrospective case-series study with 40 patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was carried out.Results: Thirty-three patients (82.5%) developed fever; no baseline characteristic was associated with its development. Median time to fever onset was 25.5 hours (range, 9.5–100 hours) and median peak temperature was 39.0°C (range, 38.1–40.5°C). Not a single patient developed hemodynamic or respiratory compromise that required admission to the intensive care unit. Fever was not explained by infection in any case. Ninety-one percent of the febrile episodes resolved within 96 hours of cyclophosphamide administration. No significant difference in overall survival, event-free survival, or graft versus host disease-free/relapse-free survival was found in the group of febrile individuals after peripheral blood stem cell infusion.ConclusionFever after peripheral blood stem cell infusion in this clinical setting was common; it usually subsides with cyclophosphamide administration. The development of fever was not associated with an adverse prognosis.



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