Source:Brain Research Bulletin, Volume 131
Author(s): E. Santarnecchi, A. Biasella, E. Tatti, A. Rossi, D. Prattichizzo, S. Rossi
BackgroundWhile the role of beta (∼20Hz), theta (∼5Hz) and alpha (∼10Hz) oscillations in the motor areas have been repeatedly associated with defined properties of motor performance, the investigation of gamma (∼40–90Hz) oscillatory activity is a more recent and still not fully understood component of motor control physiology, despite its potential clinical relevance for motor disorders.Objective/hypothesisWe have implemented an online neuromodulation paradigm based on transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the dominant motor cortex during a visuo-motor coordination task. This approach would allow a better understanding of the role of gamma activity, as well as that of other oscillatory bands, and their chronometry throughout the task.MethodsWe tested the effects of 5Hz, 20Hz, 60Hz (mid-gamma) 80Hz (high-gamma) and sham tACS on the performance of a sample of right-handed healthy volunteers, during a custom-made unimanual tracking task addressing several randomly occurring components of visuo-motor coordination (i.e., constant velocity or acceleration pursuits, turns, loops).ResultsData showed a significant enhancement of motor performance during high-gamma stimulation – as well as a trending effect for mid-gamma – with the effect being prominent between 200 and 500ms after rapid changes in tracking trajectory. No other effects during acceleration or steady pursuit were found.ConclusionsOur findings posit a role for high-frequency motor cortex gamma oscillations during complex visuo-motor tasks involving the sudden rearrangement of motor plan/execution. Such a "prokinetic" effect of high-gamma stimulation might be worth to be tested in motor disorders, like Parkinson's disease, where the switching between different motor programs is impaired.
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