Lipopolysaccharide Detection across the Kingdoms of Life

Publication date: Available online 24 May 2017
Source:Trends in Immunology
Author(s): Jonathan C. Kagan
Studies in recent years have uncovered a diverse set of eukaryotic receptors that recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. Indeed, Toll-like receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, integrins, receptor-like kinases, and caspases have emerged as important LPS-interacting proteins. In this review, the mammalian receptors that detect LPS are described. I highlight how no host protein is involved in all LPS responses, but a single lipid (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) regulates many LPS responses, including endocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammation, and pyroptosis. I further describe LPS response systems that operate specifically in plants, and discuss potentially new LPS response systems that await discovery. This diversity of receptors for a single microbial product underscores the importance of host–microbe interactions in multiple kingdoms of life.



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