Autoimmunity – Basics And Link With Periodontal Disease

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Gagandeep Kaur, Kanika Mohindra, Shifali Singla
Autoimmune reactions reflect an imbalance between effector and regulatory immune responses, typically develop through stages of initiation and propagation, and often show phases of resolution (indicated by clinical remissions) and exacerbations (indicated by symptomatic flares). The fundamental underlying mechanism of autoimmunity is defective elimination and/or control of self-reactive lymphocytes. Periodontal diseases are characterized by inflammatory conditions that directly affect teeth supporting structures which are the major cause of tooth loss. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. Evidences of involvement of immunopathology have been reported in periodontal disease. Bacteria in the dental plaque induce antibody formation. Autoreactive T cells, natural killer cells, ANCA, heat shock proteins, autoantibodies, and genetic factors are reported to have an important role in the autoimmune component of periodontal disease.The present review describes the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal diseases and also the mechanisms underlying these responses.



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The Management of Acne Vulgaris in Primary Care: A cohort study of consulting and prescribing patterns using CPRD

Abstract

Background

Effective management of acne vulgaris in primary care involves support (usually provided over a number of consultations) and prescribing effective treatments. However, consulting and prescribing patterns for acne in primary care are not well described.

Objective

To describe the rate of primary care consultations and follow-up consultations; prescribing patterns, including overall use of acne related medications (ARM) and initial and follow-up prescribing, for acne vulgaris in the UK.

Methods

UK primary care acne consultations and prescriptions for ARMs were identified in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Annual consultation rates (between 2004 and 2013) by age and gender, new consultations and consultations in the subsequent year; prescribing trends, prescribing during a new consultation and over the subsequent 90 days and year were calculated, using number of registered patients as the denominator.

Results

65.9% of patients who had a new acne consultation had no further acne consultations in the subsequent year. 26.6%, 25.2%, 23.5% and 2.8% of patients were prescribed no ARM, an oral antibiotic, a topical antibiotic, or an oral plus topical antibiotic respectively during a new acne consultation. 59.9% and 38.5% of patients prescribed an ARM received no further ARM prescriptions in the following 90 days and one year respectively, despite most prescriptions being for 2 months or less. Prescribing rates for lymecycline and topical combined clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide increased substantially between 2004 and 2013. There were no important changes in consultation rates between 2004 and 2013.

Conclusion

These data suggest that patients with acne are receiving sub-optimal initial choice of ARMs, longitudinal care and prescribing.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Syntheses and mucosal adjuvant activity of simplified oleanolic acid saponins possessing cinnamoyl ester

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Tatsuya Shirahata, Takayuki Nagai, Nozomu Hirata, Masaki Yokoyama, Tatsuya Katsumi, Naruki Konishi, Takashi Nishino, Kazuishi Makino, Haruki Yamada, Eisuke Kaji, Hiroaki Kiyohara, Yoshinori Kobayashi
A series of new simplified oleanolic acid saponins with a glycosyl ester moiety at C28, were efficiently prepared. Furthermore, the effect of nasal administration of the synthetic oleanolic acid saponins on the nasal anti-influenza virus antibody titer against secondary nasal inoculation of the influenza split vaccine was examined. The result revealed cinnamoyl saponin as a suitable candidate vaccine adjuvant.

Graphical abstract

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Special Issue “ HPV and IGF axis in carcinogenesis”

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research
Author(s): Julia Durzyńska




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Editorial Board

Publication date: 4 October 2016
Source:Journal of Proteomics, Volume 148





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Association between lifetime alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk: A case-control study in Montreal, Canada

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 45
Author(s): Claire Demoury, Pierre Karakiewicz, Marie-Elise Parent
BackgroundAlcohol intake may increase the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many previous studies harbored important methodological limitations.MethodsWe conducted a population-based case-control study of PCa comprising 1933 cases and 1994 controls in Montreal, Canada. Lifetime alcohol consumption was elicited, by type of beverage, during in-person interviews. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) assessed the association between alcohol intake and PCa risk, adjusting for potential confounders and considering the subjects' PCa screening history.ResultsWe observed a weak, non-significant positive association between high consumption of total alcohol over the lifetime and risk of high-grade PCa (OR=1.18, 95% CI 0.81–1.73). Risk estimates were more pronounced among current drinkers (OR=1.40, 95%CI 1.00–1.97), particularly after adjusting for the timing of last PCa screening (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.07–2.16). These associations were largely driven by beer consumption. The OR for high-grade PCa associated with high beer intake was 1.37 (95%CI 1.00–1.89); it was 1.49 (95%CI 0.99–2.23) among current drinkers and 1.68 (95% CI 1.10–2.57) after adjusting for screening recency. High cumulative consumption of spirits was associated with a lower risk of low-grade PCa (OR=0.75, 95%CI 0.60–0.94) but the risk estimate no longer achieved statistical significance when restricting to current users. No association was found for wine consumption.ConclusionFindings add to the accumulating evidence that high alcohol consumption increases the risk of high-grade PCa. This association largely reflected beer intake in our population, and was strengthened when taking into account PCa screening history.



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Treatment delays, race, and outcomes in head and neck cancer

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 45
Author(s): Arash O. Naghavi, Michelle I. Echevarria, Tobin J. Strom, Yazan A. Abuodeh, Kamran A. Ahmed, Puja S. Venkat, Andy Trotti, Louis B. Harrison, B. Lee Green, Kosj Yamoah, Jimmy J. Caudell
PurposePatient race has been shown to predict for differences in outcomes and has been attributed to socioeconomic factors such as social support and access to healthcare. In head and neck cancer (HNC), a disease without recommended screening, we sought to investigate the association between race, treatment delays and outcome.MethodsRecords of 1802 patients with non-metastatic squamous cell HNC treated between 1998 and 2013 were retrospectively assessed from an institutional database. Patient demographics, tumor and treatment characteristics, and patient outcomes were abstracted from the chart. Differences between groups were assessed via logistic regression multivariate analysis (MVA). Outcomes including locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) were then estimated via Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression MVA.ResultsMedian follow up was 34 months. Patient races included white (n=1671, 93%), black (n=80, 4%), Asian (n=18, 1%), and other (n=33, 2%). On logistic regression MVA, Black patients were less likely to be married (39% vs. 63%; OR 0.5 95%CI 0.30–0.83, p=0.007) or be currently employed (43% vs. 61%; OR 0.44 95%CI 0.26–0.74, p=0.002) when compared to non-blacks. Black patients were also younger (54 vs. 59 years, p=0.001), more likely to present with advanced tumor stage (T4: 48% vs. 25%), and more often had >45days elapsed from diagnosis to treatment initiation (DTI) (61% vs. 49%, p=0.028). Delays in treatment, such as delayed diagnosis (advanced disease presentation) and delays in DTI>45days were also associated with marital and employment status.Black patients were associated with a lower 3-year LRC rate (65% vs. 81%, p<0.001) and OS rate (43% vs. 69%, p<0.001), compared to non-black patients. Patients with >45days DTI had a detriment in 3-year LRC (77% vs. 83%, p=0.002) and OS (66% vs. 69%, p=0.009). On Cox MVA, black race was independently prognostic for worse LRC (HR 1.62 95%CI 1.04–2.51, p=0.033) and OS (HR 1.55 95%CI 1.15–2.08, p=0.004) vs. non-blacks.ConclusionBlack race is independently prognostic for LRC and OS. Delays in HNC treatment, such as more advanced tumor stage presentation and delays in treatment initiation, may be attributed to socioeconomic factors such as employment status and social support. Efforts to accommodate these factors may expedite treatment, in hopes of improving the race related outcome disparity in HNC.



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Influenza virus NS1 protein binds cellular DNA to block transcription of antiviral genes

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Author(s): Maria Anastasina, Nicolas Le May, Andrii Bugai, Yu Fu, Sandra Söderholm, Lana Gaelings, Tiina Ohman, Janne Tynell, Suvi Kyttänen, Matjaz Barboric, Tuula A. Nyman, Sampsa Matikainen, Ilkka Julkunen, Sarah J. Butcher, Jean-Marc Egly, Denis E. Kainov
Influenza NS1 protein is an important virulence factor that is capable of binding double-stranded (ds) RNA and inhibiting dsRNA-mediated host innate immune responses. Here we show that NS1 can also bind cellular dsDNA. This interaction prevents loading of transcriptional machinery to the DNA, thereby attenuating IAV-mediated expression of antiviral genes. Thus, we identified a previously undescribed strategy, by which RNA virus inhibits cellular transcription to escape antiviral response and secure its replication.



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Strategies for Clinical Implementation of Screening for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Seminars in Oncology
Author(s): Brandie Heald, Jessica Marquard, Pauline Funchain
Hereditary cancer syndromes generally account for 5-10% of malignancies. While these syndromes are rare, affected patients carry significantly elevated risks of developing cancer, as do their at-risk relatives. Identification of these patients is critical to ensure timely and appropriate genetic testing relevant to cancer patients and their relatives. Several guidelines and tools are available to assist clinicians. Patients suspected to have hereditary cancer syndromes should be offered genetic testing in the setting of genetic counseling by a qualified genetics professional. Germline testing ranges from testing for a known specific familial mutation to testing of a broad differential diagnosis using a pan-cancer multi-gene panel. Taking a family history, referring specific types of tumors with higher likelihood of heredity, implementing universal screening protocols such as MSI/IHC for specific tumors, and referring patients with somatic tumor testing that have potentially germline consequences are all important components to the identification of hereditary cancer syndromes in the oncology clinic.Hereditary cancer syndromes account for 5-10% of all malignancies. These syndromes are associated with significantly elevated risks of developing cancer and members of the patient's family may also be at risk to inherit the condition. Identification of these patients is critical to ensure timely and appropriate genetic testing, and potentially life-saving initiation of surveillance for secondary cancers in the individual tested as well as in affected family members. Certain cancers by virtue of their tumor types alone should prompt further hereditary evaluation; however, for most patients this identification process will involve an in-depth exploration of the patient's personal and family cancer history. Guidelines for obtaining a family history and risk stratification tools have been developed. Patients suspected of hereditary cancer syndromes should be offered genetic testing in the setting of genetic counseling. This article outlines the critical elements for hereditary cancer risk assessment, genetic testing, and genetic counseling.



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Genetic Predisposition to Endocrine Tumors: Diagnosis, Surveillance and Challenges in Care

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Seminars in Oncology
Author(s): Elisabeth Joye Petr, Tobias Else
Endocrine tumor syndromes, e.g. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 & 2, were among the first recognized hereditary predisposition syndromes to tumor development. Over time, the number of endocrine tumor syndromes has significantly expanded, e,g, with the recent inclusion of Hereditary Paraganglioma Syndromes. Associations of non-endocrine tumors with hereditary endocrine tumor syndromes and endocrine tumors with non-classical endocrine tumor syndromes have emerged. These findings have certainly expanded the scope of care, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach by a team of medical professionals and researchers, integrating shared patient decision-making at every step of surveillance, diagnosis and treatment. In the absence of evidence-based guidelines, multiple aspects of patient care remain individualized, based on a patient's clinical presentation and family pedigree. This is particularly important when determining a surveillance plan for unaffected or disease-free mutation carriers. In this review, we describe the main endocrine tumor manifestations found in familial cancer syndromes in an organ-based approach, focusing on adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, neuroendocrine tumors, differentiated thyroid cancer, and medullary thyroid cancer. We highlight the challenges in diagnosis, surveillance and therapy unique to the patient population with hereditary syndromes. Furthermore, we underscore the importance of evaluating for genetic predisposition to tumor development, provide features that can identify index patients, and discuss the approach to screening surveillance for mutation carriers.



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Scholar : These new articles for Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Origins of intraseasonal rainfall variations over the southern South China Sea in boreal winter | Xi CAO & Ren-Guang WU Pages: 1-14 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2017.1232584This is the author accepted version which has not been proofed or edited How has social media affected Engineering, Computer Science & Technology? Find out with our Social Media Research collection now available with free access! This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Cancer and Other Disease Risks in U.S. Nuclear Medicine Technologists

Conditions:   Brain Cancer;   Thyroid Cancer;   Circulatory Disease;   Breast Cancer
Intervention:  
Sponsor:   National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Not yet recruiting - verified August 2016

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Comparison of Captivator Tissue Cassettes vs. no Cassettes for Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in Esophageal Carcinoma

Condition:   Esophageal Neoplasms
Interventions:   Device: Captivator cassette;   Other: Standard of Care
Sponsor:   Florida Hospital
Recruiting - verified September 2016

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Impaired Akt phosphorylation in B-cells of patients with common variable immunodeficiency

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Reza Yazdani, Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi, Mohammad Esmaeili, Hassan Abolhassani, Shahram Vaeli, Abbas Rezaei, Zohre Sharifi, Gholamreza Azizi, Nima Rezaei, Asghar Aghamohammadi
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infectious. We evaluated whether defective PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway could influence B-cell fate. Determination of B-cell subsets in CVD patients and healthy donors (HDs) were performed using flow cytometry. We evaluated mRNA level and protein expression of PI3K, Akt and FoxO molecules using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) expression in B-cells has also been measured by flowcytometry. We identified a significant reduction in percentage of marginal zone like B-cells, Switched and unswitched memory B-cells, total memory B-cells and plasmablasts in patients, as these reductions of had significantly negative correlation with increased apoptosis in patients. Surprisingly, we identified decreased p-AKT expression in B-cells of patients than HDs. We describe for the first time impaired p-Akt expression in B-cells of CVID patients that had a significant correlation with antibody response to vaccine and clinical manifestations.



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An emerging role for eotaxins in neurodegenerative disease

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Amanda K. Huber, David A. Giles, Benjamin M. Segal, David N. Irani
Eotaxins are C-C motif chemokines first identified as potent eosinophil chemoattractants. They facilitate eosinophil recruitment to sites of inflammation in response to parasitic infections as well as allergic and autoimmune diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The eotaxin family currently includes three members: eotaxin-1 (CCL11), eotaxin-2 (CCL24), and eotaxin-3 (CCL26). Despite having only ~30% sequence homology to one another, each was identified based on its ability to bind the chemokine receptor, CCR3. Beyond their role in innate immunity, recent studies have shown that CCL11 and related molecules may directly contribute to degenerative processes in the central nervous system (CNS). CCL11 levels increase in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of both mice and humans as part of normal aging. In mice, these increases are associated with declining neurogenesis and impaired cognition and memory. In humans, elevated plasma levels of CCL11 have been observed in Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis when compared to age-matched, healthy controls. Since CCL11 is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier of normal mice, it is plausible that eotaxins generated in the periphery may exert physiological and pathological actions in the CNS. Here, we briefly review known functions of eotaxin family members during innate immunity, and then focus on whether and how these molecules might participate in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.



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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in newly arrived refugees attending the Migrant Health Service, South Australia

Abstract

Background

To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the refugee population attending the Migrant Health Service, South Australia, identify demographic factors associated with infection and compare prevalence of infection in refugees with that of the nonrefugee population in Australia.

Materials and Methods

Cross-sectional study conducted between October 2010 and August 2013. Monoclonal stool antigen testing for H. pylori infection is performed as part of a comprehensive health assessment for newly arrived refugees. The sample population included 922 adults and children. Outcome measures were (i) prevalence of H. pylori infection (ii) association between demographic factors such as sex, ethnicity and age, and H. pylori infection.

Results

H. pylori infection was detected in 198 (21.5%) participants (95% CI 18.9%–24.3%). The odds of infection were lower in females OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.51–0.98) compared to males. Compared to Middle Eastern participants, the odds of infection were 1.75 (95% CI 1.17–2.62) times higher in African and 1.90 (95% CI 1.10–3.26) times higher in Burmese participants. Infection was not associated with age.

Discussion and Conclusion

H. pylori infection is common among newly arrived refugees. The long latency of infection to development of complications and the availability of testing and relatively effective eradication regimens all add weight to a decision to screen in this population.

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Scholar : These new articles for Acta Oto-Laryngologica are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Acta Oto-Laryngologica and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Article Repeated courses of intratympanic dexamethasone injection are effective for intractable Meniere's disease Yangming Leng, Bo Liu, Renhong Zhou, Jingjing Liu, Dongdong Liu, Su-Lin Zhang & Wei-Jia Kong Pages: 1-7 | DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1224920 Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing – Submit Your Research This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Crime Psychology Review are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Crime Psychology Review and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Psychopathic personality characteristics amongst high functioning populations Nathan Brooks & Katarina Fritzon Pages: 1-21 | DOI: 10.1080/23744006.2016.1232537 Read over 60 free to access articles examining Autism with the World Autism Awareness Day collection. This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Comparative analysis of hydraulic fracturing wastewater practices in unconventional shale developments: Regulatory regimes Chelsea Notte, Diana M. Allen, Joel Gehman, Daniel S. Alessi & Greg G. Goss Pages: 1-16 | DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2016.1218795 How has social media affected Engineering, Computer Science & Technology? Find out with our Social Media Research collection now available with free access! This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for South African Theatre Journal are available online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for South African Theatre Journal and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Creating a contemporary Xhosa Theatre through reimagining the intsomi form: a production of Nongenile Masithathu Zenani's 'Mbengu-Sonyangaza ndakwenz'int'embi!' Mfundo Tshazibane Pages: 1-11 | DOI: 10.1080/10137548.2016.1217747 Routledge Performance Archive - http://ift.tt/1txaJgs "Take a Tour" to find out more and recommend the Archive to your librarian to arrange a free trial for your institution. This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Annals of Leisure Research are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Annals of Leisure Research and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Extending the leisure substitutability concept Justin Harmon & Kyle Woosnam Pages: 1-16 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1235485 Routledge Journals Gerontology Portfolio - find out more here: http://ift.tt/2crU79K This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Bilateral Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: An Uncommon Cause of Pituitary Enlargement and Hypopituitarism.

Bilateral Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: An Uncommon Cause of Pituitary Enlargement and Hypopituitarism.

Case Rep Endocrinol. 2016;2016:6364203

Authors: Liberatore A, Lechan RM

Abstract
Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are rare, pathologic communications of the carotid artery and the venous plexus of the cavernous sinus. They can develop spontaneously in certain at risk individuals or following traumatic head injury. Typical clinical manifestations include headache, proptosis, orbital pain, and diplopia. We report a case of bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulas associated with these symptoms and also with pituitary enlargement and hypopituitarism, which improved following surgical intervention. Arterialization of the cavernous sinus and elevated portal pressure may interfere with normal venous drainage and the conveyance of inhibiting and releasing hormones from the hypothalamus, resulting in pituitary enlargement and hypopituitarism. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypopituitarism associated with anterior pituitary enlargement.

PMID: 27651959 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Editorial board members

Publication date: July 2016
Source:Gene Expression Patterns, Volume 21, Issue 2





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Functions of synapse adhesion molecules neurexin/neurexins and neurodevelopmental disorders

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Neuroscience Research
Author(s): Xueshan Cao, Katsuhiko Tabuchi
neurexins and neurexins are two distinct families of single-pass transmembrane proteins localized at pre- and postsynapses, respectively. They trans-synaptically interact with each other and induce synapse formation and maturation. Common variants and rare mutations, including copy number variations, short deletions, and single or small nucleotide changes in neurexin and neuroligin genes have been linked to the neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In this review, we summarize the structure and basic synaptic function of neurexins and neuroligins, followed by behaviors and synaptic phenotypes of knock-in and knock-out mouse of these family genes. From the studies of these mice, it turns out that the effects of neurexins and neuroligins are amazingly neural circuit dependent, even within the same brain region. In addition, neurexins and neuroligins are commonly involved in the endocannabinoid signaling. These finding may provide not only insight into understanding the pathophysiology, but also the concept for strategy of therapeutic intervention for ASDs.



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Long-Term Performance of Readers Trained in Grading Crohn Disease Activity Using MRI

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Carl A.J. Puylaert, Jeroen A.W. Tielbeek, Shandra Bipat, Thierry N. Boellaard, C. Yung Nio, Jaap Stoker
Rationale and ObjectivesWe aim to evaluate the long-term performance of readers who had participated in previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reader training in grading Crohn disease activity.Materials and MethodsFourteen readers (8 women; 12 radiologists, 2 residents; mean age 40; range 31–59), who had participated in a previous MRI reader training, participated in a follow-up evaluation after a mean interval of 29 months (range 25–34 months). Follow-up evaluation comprised 25 MRI cases of suspected or known Crohn disease patients with direct feedback; cases were identical to the evaluation set used in the initial reader training (of which readers were unaware). Grading accuracy, overstaging, and understaging were compared between training and follow-up using a consensus score by two experienced abdominal radiologists as the reference standard.ResultsIn the follow-up evaluation, overall grading accuracy was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 62%–81%), which was comparable to reader training grading accuracy (72%, 95% CI: 61%–80%) (P = .66). Overstaging decreased significantly from 19% (95% CI: 12%–27%) to 13% (95% CI: 8%–21%) between training and follow-up (P = .03), whereas understaging increased significantly from 9% (95% CI: 4%–21%) to 14% (95% CI: 7%–26%) (P < .01).ConclusionsReaders have consistent long-term accuracy for grading Crohn disease activity after case-based reader training with direct feedback.



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Submillisievert Radiation Dose Coronary CT Angiography

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Yuji Iyama, Takeshi Nakaura, Masafumi Kidoh, Seitaro Oda, Daisuke Utsunomiya, Naritsugu Sakaino, Shinichi Tokuyasu, Hirokazu Osakabe, Kazunori Harada, Yasuyuki Yamashita
Rationale and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the noise and image quality of images reconstructed with a knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (knowledge-based IMR) in ultra-low dose cardiac computed tomography (CT).Materials and MethodsWe performed submillisievert radiation dose coronary CT angiography on 43 patients. We also performed a phantom study to evaluate the influence of object size with the automatic exposure control phantom. We reconstructed clinical and phantom studies with filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (hybrid IR), and knowledge-based IMR. We measured effective dose of patients and compared CT number, image noise, and contrast noise ratio in ascending aorta of each reconstruction technique. We compared the relationship between image noise and body mass index for the clinical study, and object size for phantom study.ResultsThe mean effective dose was 0.98 ± 0.25 mSv. The image noise of knowledge-based IMR images was significantly lower than those of FBP and hybrid IR images (knowledge-based IMR: 19.4 ± 2.8; FBP: 126.7 ± 35.0; hybrid IR: 48.8 ± 12.8, respectively) (P < .01). The contrast noise ratio of knowledge-based IMR images was significantly higher than those of FBP and hybrid IR images (knowledge-based IMR: 29.1 ± 5.4; FBP: 4.6 ± 1.3; hybrid IR: 13.1 ± 3.5, respectively) (P < .01). There were moderate correlations between image noise and body mass index in FBP (r = 0.57, P < .01) and hybrid IR techniques (r = 0.42, P < .01); however, these correlations were weak in knowledge-based IMR (r = 0.27, P < .01).ConclusionCompared to FBP and hybrid IR, the knowledge-based IMR offers significant noise reduction and improvement in image quality in submillisievert radiation dose cardiac CT.



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Whole-Lesion Apparent Diffusion Coefficient-Based Entropy-Related Parameters for Characterizing Cervical Cancers

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Yue Guan, Weifeng Li, Zhuoran Jiang, Ying Chen, Song Liu, Jian He, Zhengyang Zhou, Yun Ge
Rationale and ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-based entropy-related parameters of cervical cancer to preliminarily assess intratumoral heterogeneity of this lesion in comparison to adjacent normal cervical tissues.Materials and MethodsA total of 51 women (mean age, 49 years) with cervical cancers confirmed by biopsy underwent 3-T pelvic diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with b values of 0 and 800 s/mm² prospectively. ADC-based entropy-related parameters including first-order entropy and second-order entropies were derived from the whole tumor volume as well as adjacent normal cervical tissues. Intraclass correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction, Kruskal-Wallis test, and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for statistical analysis.ResultsAll the parameters showed excellent interobserver agreement (all intraclass correlation coefficients  > 0.900). Entropy, entropy(H)0, entropy(H)45, entropy(H)90, entropy(H)135, and entropy(H)mean were significantly higher, whereas entropy(H)range and entropy(H)std were significantly lower in cervical cancers compared to adjacent normal cervical tissues (all P <.0001). Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were no significant differences among the values of various second-order entropies including entropy(H)0, entropy(H)45, entropy(H)90, entropy(H)135, and entropy(H)mean. All second-order entropies had larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than first-order entropy in differentiating cervical cancers from adjacent normal cervical tissues. Further, entropy(H)45, entropy(H)90, entropy(H)135, and entropy(H)mean had the same largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.867.ConclusionWhole-lesion ADC-based entropy-related parameters of cervical cancers were developed successfully, which showed initial potential in characterizing intratumoral heterogeneity in comparison to adjacent normal cervical tissues.



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Scholar : These new articles for The American Journal of Family Therapy are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for The American Journal of Family Therapy and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles In-Home Family Services: Providing Lasting Results to Crisis Helpline Callers Doug Stuva Jr., Jay L. Ringle, Ronald W. Thompson, Beth Chmelka, Nick Juliano & Katie Bohn Pages: 1-10 | DOI: 10.1080/01926187.2016.1223566 The Opiate Epidemic. Click here for the Free Access Article Collection: http://ift.tt/2cHzs7g. This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for African Security are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for African Security and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Does dependence lead to cooperation? The case of resource exchange between the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) in DR Congo Norman Sempijja This is the author accepted version which has not been proofed or edited Political Communication Free Access Virtual Special Issue: US Elections & Campaigns This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Response inhibition rapidly increases single-neuron responses in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with Parkinson's disease

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Damien Benis, Olivier David, Brigitte Piallat, Astrid Kibleur, Laurent Goetz, Manik Bhattacharjee, Valérie Fraix, Eric Seigneuret, Paul Krack, Stéphan Chabardès, Julien Bastin
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a critical role during action inhibition, perhaps by acting like a fast brake on the motor system when inappropriate responses have to be rapidly suppressed. However, the mechanisms involving the STN during motor inhibition are still unclear, particularly because of a relative lack of single-cell responses reported in this structure in humans. In this study, we used extracellular microelectrode recordings during deep brain stimulation surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to study STN neurophysiological correlates of inhibitory control during a stop signal task. We found two neuronal subpopulations responding either during motor execution (GO units) or during motor inhibition (STOP units). GO units fired selectively before patients' motor responses whereas STOP units fired selectively when patients successfully withheld their move at a latency preceding the duration of the inhibition process. These results provide electrophysiological evidence for the hypothesized role of the STN in current models of response inhibition.



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Scholar : These new articles for Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Where one cannot speak, there one can dance: a comparative analysis of dance movement therapy and Processwork Zuzana Vasičáková Očenášová Pages: 1-13 | DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2016.1229694 Free access to Top 20 articles from Advances in School Mental Health Promotion This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Ostracods of the Late Devonian Frasnian/Famennian transition from Western Junggar, Xinjiang, NW China Junjun Song, Sylvie Crasquin & Yiming Gong Pages: 1-27 | DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2016.1225191 A new elasmosaurid specimen from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica: new evidence of a monophyletic group of Weddellian elasmosaurids José P. O'Gorman & Rodolfo A. Coria Pages: 1-10 | DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2016.1224318 How has social media affected Earth Science? Find out with our Social Media Research collection now available with free access! This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Soil acidity under multiple land-uses: assessment of perceived causes and indicators, and nutrient dynamics in small-holders' mixed-farming system of northwest Ethiopia Ermias Abate, Shimelis Hussein, Mark Laing & Fentahun Mengistu Pages: 1-14 | DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2016.1230227 Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment of human exposure near an e-waste processing site Zhaoxiang Han, Ning Wang, Hailiang Zhang & Xingyu Yang Pages: 1-7 | DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2016.1229016 Explore the latest free access research relating to Sustainable Development Goal 15: Life on Land This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 16, Issue 10, October 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 16, Issue 10, October 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Editorial War Metaphors in Health Care: What Are They Good For? Kayhan Parsi Pages: 1-2 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1221245 Target Article Healing Without Waging War: Beyond Military Metaphors in Medicine and HIV Cure Research Jing-Bao Nie, Adam Gilbertson, Malcolm de Roubaix, Ciara Staunton, Anton van Niekerk, Joseph D. Tucker & Stuart Rennie Pages: 3-11 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214305 Open Peer Commentaries Metaphors as Equipment for Living Tod Chambers Pages: 12-13 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214318 Journeys as Shared Human Experiences Sarah Perrault & Meaghan M. O'Keefe Pages: 13-15 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214319 Military Metaphors in Health Care: Who Are We Actually Trying to Help? Tyler P. Tate & Robert A. Pearlman Pages: 15-17 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214320 Medical Metaphors Matter: Experiments Can Determine the Impact of Metaphors on Bioethical Issues David J. Hauser & Norbert Schwarz Pages: 18-19 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214311 Military Metaphors and Their Contribution to the Problems of Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment in the "War" Against Cancer Heidi Malm Pages: 19-21 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214331 Asking More of Our Metaphors: Narrative Strategies to End the "War on Alzheimer's" and Humanize Cognitive Aging Daniel R. George, Erin R. Whitehouse & Peter J. Whitehouse Pages: 22-24 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214307 Killing the Pain and Battling the Lethargy: Misleading Military Metaphors in Palliative Care Manuel Trachsel Pages: 24-25 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214310 Of HIV, Kings, and Cures: Troubling the Apocryphal Apothecary Adrian Guta & Peter A. Newman Pages: 25-27 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214313 HIV/AIDS: The Challenging Journey Grant Gillett Pages: 27-28 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214469 Target Article Governance of Transnational Global Health Research Consortia and Health Equity Bridget Pratt & Adnan A. Hyder Pages: 29-45 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214304 Open Peer Commentaries Justice and Global Health Research | Sridhar Venkatapuram Pages: 46-47 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214333 More Than One Way to Be Global: Globalization of Research and the Contest of Ideas Paul H. Mason, Wendy Lipworth & Ian Kerridge Pages: 48-49 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214312 Deliberation to Promote Shared Sovereignty in Health Research: Four Questions to Clarify Goals, Methods, and Scope Jantina de Vries, Syntia Nchangwi Munung & Paulina Tindana Pages: 50-52 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214326 Consistency in the Structure of Global Health Research Consortia Idelys Amador & C. D. Brewer Pages: 52-54 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214314 No "Shared Governance" Without Attention to Law, Broadly Conceived Alexander M. Capron & Sofia Gruskin Pages: 54-56 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214332 Global Health Research Partnerships—Shared Responsibility Regulative Model Sharon Bassan Pages: 56-58 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214328 Governance and Standards in International Clinical Research: The Role of Transnational Consortia Raffaella Ravinetto, Sören L. Becker, Moussa Sacko, Sayda El-Safi, Yodi Mahendradhata, Pascal Lutumba, Suman Rijal, Kruy Lim, Shyam Sundar, Eliézer K. N'Goran, Kristien Verdonck, Jürg Utzinger, François Chappuis & Marleen Boelaert Pages: 59-61 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214317 The Role of Development Research Funders in Promoting Equity in Research Consortia Sunisha Neupane, Renaud F. Boulanger & Peter Taylor Pages: 62-64 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214316 Shared Governance Embedded in Population Ethics Can Enhance Health Equity Research at Both Micro and Macro Levels Stephen O. Sodeke & Clayton C. Yates Pages: 64-66 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214325 Case Description When a Clinical Trial Is the Only Option Holly A. Taylor, Christian Morales & Benjamin S. Wilfond Pages: 67-68 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214329 Case Commentaries "Respect for Persons," Not "Respect for Citizens" Rachel Fabi Pages: 69-70 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214306 The Potentially High Cost of a Free Clinical Trial Elizabeth Heitman Pages: 70-72 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214324 Contextualizing "Choice" for Undocumented Immigrants in U.S. Clinical Trials Research Nancy J. Burke Pages: 72-74 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214315 Case Description Studying the Role of Financial Incentives to Promote Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Community Clinic Benjamin S. Wilfond, Christian Morales & Holly A. Taylor Pages: 75-76 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214330 Case Commentaries Treatment Incentives and the Nature of the Doctor–Patient Relationship Hannah Giunta Pages: 77-78 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214327 The Ethics of Studying Financial Incentives in Public Health Implementation: Study Design Challenges Adélaïde Doussau & Christine Grady Pages: 78-80 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214322 You Can Lead a Horse to Water, But Can You Pay to Make Him Drink? An Ethical Analysis of Research on Using Incentives to Promote Patient Health Ponni Perumalswami, Andrea Branch & Rosamond Rhodes Pages: 80-82 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214321 Correspondence Response to Open Peer Commentaries on "Human Germline CRISPR-Cas Modification: Toward a Regulatory Framework" Niklaus H. Evitt, Shamik Mascharak & Russ B. Altman Pages: W1-W2 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214308 Book Review Review of John D. Lantos and Diane S. Lauderdale, Preterm Babies, Fetal Patients, and Childbearing Choices Michelle L. McGowan Reviewed by Pages: W3-W5 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214323 Review of Paul Kalanithi, When Breath Becomes Air Elise Smith Reviewed by Pages: W6-W7 | DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1214309 Social Media Collection Celebrate human interconnectivity with Taylor & Francis. We've put together an extensive research collection surrounding all things Social Media at http://ift.tt/1VpPey6 This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.