Ιατρικά Άρθρα: 10/02/17

Δευτέρα 2 Οκτωβρίου 2017

Abnormal Structural Brain Connectome in Individuals with Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease has a long preclinical phase during which amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration accumulate in the brain without producing overt cognitive deficits. It is currently unclear whether these early disease stages are associated with a progressive disruption in the communication between brain regions that subsequently leads to cognitive decline and dementia. In this study we assessed the organization of structural networks in cognitively normal (CN) individuals harboring amyloid pathology (A+N−), neurodegeneration (A−N+), or both (A+N+) from the prospective and longitudinal Swedish BioFINDER study. We combined graph theory with diffusion tensor imaging to investigate integration, segregation, and centrality measures in the brain connectome in the previous groups. At baseline, our findings revealed a disrupted network topology characterized by longer paths, lower efficiency, increased clustering and modularity in CN A−N+ and CN A+N+, but not in CN A+N−. After 2 years, CN A+N+ showed significant abnormalities in all global network measures, whereas CN A−N+ only showed abnormalities in the global efficiency. Network connectivity and organization were associated with memory in CN A+N+ individuals. Altogether, our findings suggest that amyloid pathology is not sufficient to disrupt structural network topology, whereas neurodegeneration is.

http://ift.tt/2fFYWzw

Biochemical and histopathological changes of subacute cadmium intoxication in male rats

Abstract

Biochemical and histopathological effects of subacute intoxication of rats with cadmium (Cd) were studied in rats. Twenty adult healthy male albino rats were randomly divided into two duplicate groups (five rats in each cage); (1) control group where rats were provided with standard diet and water ad-libitum, (2) Cd group where rats were subjected to freshly prepared Cd chloride solution (CdCl2) 200 mg/l in drinking water daily for 8 weeks, the whole duration of experiment. Blood samples were obtained after 4 weeks, via retro-orbital bleeding for separation of serum. Five rats were killed, each sacrifice by decapitation for collection of kidneys and heart. Disturbed renal and cardiac functions were achieved after 4 weeks as indicated by the increase of most biochemical parameters measured in the serum, renal, and cardiac tissues. Histopathological examination of kidneys and hearts showed pathological alterations in Cd-intoxicated rats after 4 and 8 weeks with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome stains. It was concluded that subacute exposure of rats to Cd (200 mg/l) in drinking water daily induced glomerular shrinkage, focal renal, and cardiac fibrosis at 4 and 8 weeks.

http://ift.tt/2fMHkpu

Effect of the 5α-reductase enzyme inhibitor dutasteride in the brain of intact and parkinsonian mice

Publication date: Available online 2 October 2017
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Author(s): Nadhir Litim, Marc Morissette, Donatella Caruso, Roberto C. Melcangi, Thérèse Di Paolo
Dutasteride is a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor in clinical use to treat endocrine conditions. The present study investigated the neuroprotective mechanisms of action of dutasteride in intact and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mice using a low dose of MPTP not affecting motor activity modeling early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized that dutasteride neuroprotection is due to altered steroids levels. Dutasteride pre-treatment prevented loss of striatal dopamine (DA) and its metabolite DOPAC. Dutasteride decreased effects of MPTP on striatal dopamine transporter (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and D2 DA receptor specific binding while D1 receptor specific binding remained unchanged. Dutasteride enhanced DAT specific binding and the glycosylated form of DAT in intact mice. MPTP-lesioned mice had plasma and brain testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels lower than control mice whereas progesterone and its metabolites (dihydroprogesterone, isopregnanolone and tetrahydroprogesterone) pathway showed increases. Dutasteride treatment by inhibiting transformation of progesterone and testosterone to its metabolites elevated plasma and brain concentrations of testosterone compared to MPTP mice and decreased DHT levels in intact mice. Plasma and brain estradiol levels were low and remained unchanged by MPTP and/or dutasteride treatment. Dutasteride treatment did not affect striatal phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream substrate GSK3β as well as phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in intact and MPTP lesioned MPTP mice. Striatal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were markedly elevated in MPTP compared to control mice and dutasteride reduced GFAP levels in MPTP mice. Treatment with dutasteride post-lesion left unchanged striatal DA levels. These results suggest dutasteride as promising drug for PD neuroprotection.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2xQz2S4

Yield-scaled N2O emissions were effectively reduced by biochar amendment of sandy loam soil under maize - wheat rotation in the North China Plain

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 170
Author(s): Yuhui Niu, Zengming Chen, Christoph Müller, Monhammad M. Zaman, Donggill Kim, Hongyan Yu, Weixin Ding
It is increasingly recognized that the addition of biochar to soil has potential to mitigate climate change and increase soil fertility by enhancing carbon (C) storage. However, the effect of biochar on yield and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from upland fields remains unclear. In this study, a one-year field experiment was conducted in an area of calcareous fluvo-aquic soil to assess and quantify the effect of maize straw biochar in reducing N2O loss during 2014–2015 in the North China Plain. Eight treatments were designed as follows: no nitrogen (N) fertilizer (control, CK); biochar application at rates of 3 (B3), 6 (B6) and 12 (B12) t ha⁻¹; chemical fertilizer (NPK) application at 200 kg N ha⁻¹ (F); and fertilizer plus biochar application at rates of 3 (FB3), 6 (FB6) and 12 (FB12) t ha⁻¹. Crop yield, N2O fluxes, soil mineral N concentrations, and soil auxiliary parameters were measured following the application of treatments during each season. During the maize growing season, N2O emission was 0.57 kg N2O-N ha⁻¹ under CK treatment, and increased to 0.88, 0.93 and 1.10 kg N2O-N ha⁻¹ under B3, B6 and B12, respectively. In contrast, N2O emissions were significantly reduced by 31.4–39.9% (P < 0.05) under FB treatments compared with F, and the N2O emission factor of the applied N was reduced from 1.36% under F to 0.71–0.85% under FB. There was also a significant interaction effect of fertilizer and biochar on N2O emissions (P < 0.01). During the wheat growing season, biochar had no effect on N2O emissions regardless of the fertilizer regime. Biochar application did not affect maize yield; however, a significant increase in wheat yield of 16.6–25.9% (P < 0.05) was observed without N fertilization. Nevertheless, a reduction in wheat yield was measured at a biochar rate of 12 t ha⁻¹ with fertilization. Overall, under maize cropping, N2O emissions per unit yield of grain, biomass, grain N and biomass N (yield-scaled N2O emissions) were significantly reduced by 32.4–39.9% under FB compared with F treatment, regardless of the biochar application rate. Biochar did not affect yield-scaled N2O emissions in wheat. Decreased soil bulk density with biochar is suggested to reduce the denitrification potential and N2O emissions; while increased retention capacity of fertilizer N in biochar-added soil decreased wheat growth and yield. These findings suggest that N fertilization plus biochar application at 3 t ha⁻¹ is a practical strategy for reducing yield-scaled N2O emissions from maize fields in the North China Plain.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2xUloyS

Carbon dioxide emissions from lakes and reservoirs of China: A regional estimate based on the calculated pCO2

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 170
Author(s): Zhidan Wen, Kaishan Song, Yingxin Shang, Chong Fang, Lin Li, Lili Lv, Xianguo Lv, Lijiang Chen
The role of inland water in CO2 exchange with the atmosphere was evaluated on the basis of calculated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) from sampling of 207 lakes and 84 reservoirs across China in late summer. The results suggested that almost 60% of these water bodies were supersaturated with CO2 with respect to atmosphere, and the collected reservoirs samples exhibited higher mean pCO2 than lakes. The mean pCO2 in fresh water lakes was about 3.5 times of the value in saline lakes. The lakes and reservoirs were divided into five groups (Inner Mongolia -Xinjiang plateau region, Tibetan Plateau region, Northeastern plain and mountainous region, Yunnan- Guizhou Plateau region, and Eastern plain region). The Yunnan- Guizhou Plateau region showed the highest pCO2 compared with other regions, most likely due to the typical karst landforms, karst processes may promote aqueous CO2 concentration, and karstification has a significant effect on the capture of atmospheric CO2. Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang plateau and Tibetan Plateau region reserviors showed negative CO2 flux to atmosphere, other waters in this study all supersaturated with CO2 with respect to the atmosphere. A which We analyzed the relationship between pCO2 and environmental variables, and results showed that some indicators had correlations with pCO2 in individual region such as total phosphorus, dissolved organic matter, and total suspended solids, but the relationship could not be observed with all surveyed waters. This indicated that it might be much more effective in a smaller regional scale than the broadened scale when the environmental factors were used as the predictor of pCO2 in lakes. Therefore, the common algorithm that extrapolates CO2 concentration or emission flux from the study region to a wider scale might not be accurate because of the changes in the environmental and water quality conditions.

http://ift.tt/2xUaoSf

Assessment of long-term and large-scale even-odd license plate controlled plan effects on urban air quality and its implication

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 170
Author(s): Suping Zhao, Ye Yu, Dahe Qin, Daiying Yin, Jianjun He
To solve traffic congestion and to improve urban air quality, long-lasting and large-scale even-odd license plate controlled plan was implemented by local government during 20 November to 26 December 2016 in urban Lanzhou, a semi-arid valley city of northwest China. The traffic control measures provided an invaluable opportunity to evaluate its effects on urban air quality in less developed cities of northwest China. Based on measured simultaneously air pollutants and meteorological parameters, the abatement of traffic-related pollutants induced by the implemented control measures such as CO, PM2.5 and PM10 (the particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 μm and 10 μm) concentrations were firstly quantified by comparing the air quality data in urban areas with those in rural areas (uncontrolled zones). The concentrations of CO, NO2 from motor vehicles and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were shown to have significant decreases of 15%–23% during traffic control period from those measured before control period with hourly maximum CO, PM2.5, and NO2/SO2 reduction of 43%, 35% and 141.4%, respectively. The influence of the control measures on AQI (air quality index) and ozone was less as compared to its effect on other air pollutants. Therefore, to alleviate serious winter haze pollution in China and to protect human health, the stringent long-term and large-scale even-odd license plate controlled plan should be implemented aperiodically in urban areas, especially for the periods with poor diffusion conditions.

http://ift.tt/2yU47nY

Scholar : West China Journal of Stomatology, Year 2017, Issue 04 -New Issue Alert.

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Vital pulp therapy of damaged dental pulp (牙髓损伤的活髓保存治疗)
Zhou Xuedong, ,Huang Dingming, ,Liu Jianguo, ,Huang Zhengwei, ,Wei Xin, ,Yang Deqin, ,Zhao Jin, ,Chen Liming, ,Zhu Lin, ,Li Yanhong, ,Li Jiyao
...... page:339-347
Criterion of dental treatment for the disabled (残障人口腔疾病的临床治疗)
Wan Huchun, ,Yang Zheng, ,Wu Hongkun, ,Liu Jianguo, ,Zhao Jin, ,Ji Xiaoping, ,Zhu Lin, ,Yang Deqin, ,Zhou Xuedong
...... page:348-354
Clinical application and material selection of provisional restorations (暂时修复体的临床应用与材料选择)
Zhao Ke, ,Yao Yitong, ,Wang Xiaodong, ,Dao Li
...... page:355-361
Effect of different oxygen tension on the cytoskeleton remodeling of goat temporomandibular joint disc cells (不同体积分数氧气对山羊颞下颌关节盘细胞骨架改建的影响)
He Xiao-lan, ,Bao Guangjie, ,Sun Linglu, ,Zhang Xue, ,Bao Shanying, ,Kang Hong
...... page:362-367
The effect of Toll-like receptor 4 in nicotine suppressing the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (尼古丁通过调控Toll样受体4抑制牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化能力)
Yan Luan, ,Yang Deqin
...... page:368-372
Effects of geranylgeranyltransferaseⅠsilencing on the proliferation of tongue squamous cancer cells (体外沉默异戊二烯化酶二牛龙牛儿基转移酶Ⅰ对舌鳞状细胞癌增殖的影响)
Wang Ying, ,Wang Qimin, ,Li Jinghua, ,Han Jinhong, ,Wang Lili, ,Chao Chen, ,Zhou Jianhua, ,Tong Lei, ,Lu Xufei, ,Zhou Yuan, ,Liao Yixiang, ,He Zongxuan, ,Li Ning, ,Cao Lei, ,Liu Wenjun, ,Chen Zhenggang
...... page:373-378
Brushing abrasion of the enamel surface after erosion (刷牙对酸蚀后釉质表面磨损程度的研究)
Chen Lipei, ,Ci Xiangke, ,Ou Xiaoyan
...... page:379-383
Clinical application of cone beam computed tomography combined with micro-ultrasound technique in treating three mesial canals in mandibular first molars (锥形束CT结合显微超声技术在下颌第一磨牙近中三根管治疗中的应用研究)
Yang Lili, ,Zhang Yan, ,Zhao Shijun, ,Zhang Shuai, ,Wang Na, ,Xu Jie, ,Hu Shue, ,Xu Zhiyuan
...... page:384-388
Effect of repeated sintering and variations in thickness on the color and microstructure of dental lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic veneers (烧结次数对椅旁计算机辅助设计与制作二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷贴面不同部位颜色的影响)
Huang Cui, ,Yu Jia, ,Meng Shaofeng, ,Gao Biyun
...... page:389-393
Measurements of mechanical properties and morphology of root canal in maxillary primary anterior teeth (上颌乳前牙根管形态及根部牙本质力学性能的测定)
Hu Jia, ,Liu He, ,Cai Qing, ,Deng Xuliang
...... page:394-398
Application of single-retainer all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial denture in replacing single anterior tooth (单端全瓷树脂粘接桥在修复个别前牙缺失中的应用)
Yang Lili, ,Du Debiao, ,Ning Ruoyu, ,Chen Deying, ,Wu Junling
...... page:399-402
Characteristics of mandible and mandibular dentition in patients with near-normal occlusion and different vertical facial skeletal types (不同垂直骨面型个别正常(牙合)下颌骨形态及牙列特征研究)
Tu Jingqiu, ,Fan Jiaqian, ,Lei Yonghua
...... page:403-407
Comparison between propofol and propofol-remifentanil sedation under target-controlled infusion for impacted super-numerary teeth extraction surgery for children (靶控输注异丙酚和异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼镇静在小儿埋伏多生牙拔除手术中应用的比较)
Zhang Hao, ,Hou Yali, ,Li Xiangjun, ,Dong Fusheng, ,Lin Ruihua
...... page:408-412
Single-photon emission computed tomography for the diagnosis of mandibular invasion caused by oral cancers: a systematic review and Meta-analysis (单光子发射计算机断层成像在诊断口腔癌颌骨侵犯中的价值:系统评价及Meta分析)
Wang Xiaonian, ,Luo Fenjuan, ,Qiao Xianghe, ,Yang Wenbin, ,Lin Jie, ,Li Chunjie
...... page:413-418
Association between chronic periodontitis and hyperlipidemia:a Meta-analysis based on observational studies (慢性牙周炎与高脂血症相关性的Meta分析)
Yang Lianhui, ,Lian Meifei, ,Hu Zhongyue, ,Feng Yunzhi
...... page:419-426
Advances in macrophage function and its anti-inflammatory and proresolving activity and role in periodontitis deve-lopment (巨噬细胞功能和炎症消退机制及与牙周炎关系研究进展)
Bai Lin, ,Xin Yuejiao, ,Duan Dingyu, ,Xu Yi
...... page:427-432
Current therapy of atrophic edentulous mandibular fractures among elderly people (老年萎缩性无牙(牙合)下颌骨骨折的治疗现状)
Li Mingzhe, ,Xu Xiaofeng, ,Xu Bing
...... page:433-436
Effect of maternal health and prenatal environmental exposure factors on tooth development (孕期健康和环境暴露对牙发育的影响)
Wan Mian, ,Zhou Xue-dong, ,Zheng Liwei
...... page:437-441
Clinical application of mandibular overdenture supported by a two-implant and interforaminal bar in an edentulous atrophic mandible (双种植体-杆卡固位覆盖义齿修复下颌无牙颌的临床应用)
Dao Li, ,Xiao Xue, ,Wang Xiaodong, ,Zhao Ke
...... page:442-447
Intentional replantation for the treatment of palatal radicular groove with endo-periodontal lesion in the maxillary lateral incisor:a case report (意向性牙再植术治疗上颌侧切牙畸形舌侧沟1例)
Tan Xuelian, ,Zhang Lan, ,Huang Dingming
...... page:448-452

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Scholar : Journal of Modern Stomatology, Year 2017, Issue 04 -New Issue Alert.

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We are pleased to deliver your requested table of contents alert for Journal of Modern Stomatology. Year 2017 Issue 04 is now available on CAOD.

In this issue:

xian dai kou qiang yi xue za zhi bian ji bu guan yu dui mao yong wo kan ming yi jin xing fei fa zheng gao huo dong de zheng zhong sheng ming (《现代口腔医学杂志》编辑部关于对冒用我刊名义进行非法征稿活动的郑重声明)

...... page:192
The effects of lactoferrin and tension stress on osteoblast ossification (乳铁蛋白及张应力对成骨细胞成骨功能影响的实验研究)
ZHOU Zeyuan, YANG Zhenjin, HUANG Li, WANG Xin, SU Chenxi, ZOU Shujuan, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University
...... page:193-197
Effect of KPNA2-siRNA on migration and invasion of CAL-27 cells (沉默KPNA2的表达对舌鳞癌细胞CAL-27迁移侵袭能力的影响)
GAO Li, YU Lei, LI Chunming, LIN Feng, ZHANG Bin, Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
...... page:198-201
Study on the fatigue performance of the uneven-threaded titanium dental implants treated by surface roughening (表面粗化处理不均衡螺纹钛人工牙种植体的疲劳性能研究)
LI Xingchao, DONG Fusheng, LI Xiangjun, MEI Shuang, WANG Guoguang, QI Xijuan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Key Lab of Stomatology of Hebei Province
...... page:202-205+234
The research on the molar inclination in Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion different vertical facial types (安氏Ⅱ~1类错畸形不同垂直骨面型磨牙倾斜度的研究)
ZHAO Yong, ZHANG Liao, ZHANG Qiang, LIU Tingting, Oral Medical Hospital of Tai'an Shandong
...... page:206-209
Correlation among expression of PTEN, Bcl-2, CyclinD1 protein of oral squamous cell cancer (口腔鳞癌中PTEN、Bcl-2和CyclinD1蛋白表达及其相关性研究)
SHI Wenbin, ZHEN Chao, WANG Xu, ZHANG Yanning, ZHANG Rong, DONG Yuying, Department of Oral and Maxillafical Surgery, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University
...... page:210-213
Ligation and injection of pingyangmycin oleum iodisatum emulsion for treating venous malformations in maxillofacial region (缝扎注射平阳霉素碘化油乳剂治疗颌面部静脉畸形的研究)
LIU Yufei, WANG Xiaoling, LIU Yunling, YU Miao, SHAO Yuanxia, QI Pengfei, BAI Junling, Department of Oral Medicine, Shangqiu Medical College
...... page:214-217
Study on the effect of apical foramen migrating from root apex on root canal diversification of root canal preparation (根尖孔偏离根尖顶对根管预备产生根尖孔偏移影响的研究)
XIE Nina, WU Cui, LIU Zongxiang, Department of Pedodontics, Affiliated Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
...... page:218-223
Effect of micro implant combined with DKHL or low traction sliding mechanics on the control of anterior teeth (比较微种植体结合双钥匙曲法和低位牵引滑动法对前牙转矩的控制效果)
FENG Yanhua, Department of Stomatology, E.N.T Hospital of Jiaozuo
...... page:224-228
Xuzhou college students unilateral mastication related factors analysis (徐州市大学生偏侧咀嚼相关因素调查分析)
SHAO Qian, WANG Wenjun, SUN Jinhu, TIAN Xiaobei, Xuzhou Medical University School of Stomatology
...... page:229-231
The significance of the total antioxidant capacity content in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer (复发性阿弗他溃疡患者机体总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的含量变化与意义)
CHEN Guang, ZHANG Zichuan, LI Shan, Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital
...... page:232-234
¹³¹i zhi liao jia zhuang xian ai ji fa tuo ye xian sun shang de yan jiu jin zhan (¹³¹I治疗甲状腺癌继发唾液腺损伤的研究进展)
LI Zuo, YANG Shuang, YU Guangyan
...... page:235-241
xian dai kou qiang yi xue za zhi 2017 nian zheng ding qi shi (《现代口腔医学杂志》2017年征订启事)

...... page:241
d- an ji suan dui sheng wu mo yi zhi zuo yong de yan jiu jin zhan (D-氨基酸对生物膜抑制作用的研究进展)
QI Hua, WANG Heling, LI Baosheng, CAI Qing, YIN Chengcheng, YANG Zuo, YANG Jing, MENG Weiyan
...... page:242-244
zi ti ya yi zhi shu de lin chuang ying yong yu yan jiu jin zhan (自体牙移植术的临床应用与研究进展)
BAI Qing, LI Tao, SHANG Xiaopan, YANG Yongjin
...... page:245-247+250
nampt zai tou jing bu e xing zhong liu zhong de yan jiu jin zhan (NAMPT在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的研究进展)
WANG Jinzhi, SUN Bo
...... page:248-250
ju da zuo xia xian dao guan xian shi 1 li bao gao (巨大颌下腺导管涎石1例报告)
ZUO Ruiling, LU Tongtong, ZHANG Lina
...... page:251-252
xian dai kou qiang yi xue za zhi gao yue (现代口腔医学杂志稿约)

...... page:253
he bei yi ke da xue kou qiang yi xue yuan kou qiang yi yuan (河北医科大学口腔医学院、口腔医院)

...... page:254

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Scholar : Shanghai Journal of Stomatology, Year 2017, Issue 03 -New Issue Alert.

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In this issue:

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Food in synchrony with melatonin and corticosterone relieves constant light disturbed metabolism

Circadian disruption is associated with metabolic disturbances such as hepatic steatosis (HS), obesity and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that HS, resulting from constant light (LL) exposure is due to an inconsistency between signals related to food intake and endocrine-driven suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) outputs. Indeed, exposing rats to LL induced locomotor, food intake and hormone arrhythmicity together with the development of HS. We investigated whether providing temporal signals such as 12-h food availability or driving a corticosterone plus melatonin rhythm could restore rhythmicity and prevent the metabolic disturbances under LL conditions in male rats. Discrete metabolic improvements under these separate treatments stimulated us to investigate whether the combination of hormone treatment together with mealtime restriction (12-h food during four weeks) could prevent the metabolic alterations. LL exposed arrhythmic rats, received daily administration of corticosterone (2.5 µg/kg) and melatonin (2.5 mg/kg) in synchrony or out of synchrony with their 12-h meal. HS and other metabolic alterations were importantly ameliorated in LL-exposed rats receiving hormonal treatment in synchrony with 12-h restricted mealtime, while treatment out of phase with meal time did not. Interestingly, liver bile acids, a major indication for HS, were only normalized when animals received hormones in synchrony with food indicating that disrupted bile acid metabolism might be an important mechanism for the HS induction under LL conditions. We conclude that food-elicited signals, as well as hormonal signals, are necessary for liver synchronization and that HS arises when there is conflict between food intake and the normal pattern of melatonin and corticosterone.

http://ift.tt/2g5lp9V

Eplerenone prevented obesity-induced inflammasome activation and glucose intolerance

Obesity-associated activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance; however, influences of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) inhibition remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MR inhibition using eplerenone, a selective MR antagonist, in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Eplerenone prevented excessive body weight gain and fat accumulation, ameliorated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and enhanced energy metabolism. In the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), eplerenone prevented obesity-induced accumulation of F4/80⁺CD11c⁺CD206^–-M1-adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) and reduction of F4/80⁺CD11c^–CD206⁺-M2-ATM. Interestingly, M1-macrophage exhibited lower expression levels of MR, compared with M2-macrophage, in the ATM of eWAT and in vitro-polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Importantly, eplerenone and MR knockdown attenuated the increase in the expression levels of proIl1b, Il6 and Tnfa, in the eWAT and liver of HFD-fed mice and LPS-stimulated BMDM. Moreover, eplerenone suppressed IL1b secretion from eWAT of HFD-fed mice. To reveal the anti-inflammatory mechanism, we investigated the involvement of NLRP3-inflammasome activation, a key process of IL1b overproduction. Eplerenone suppressed the expression of the inflammasome components, Nlrp3 and Caspase1, in the eWAT and liver. Concerning the second triggering factors, ROS production and ATP- and nigericin-induced IL1b secretion were suppressed by eplerenone in the LPS-primed BMDM. These results indicate that eplerenone inhibited both the priming and triggering signals that promote NLRP3-inflammasome activation. Therefore, we consider MR to be a crucial target to prevent metabolic disorders by suppressing inflammasome-mediated chronic inflammation in the adipose tissue and liver under obese conditions.

http://ift.tt/2wtVz5B

Evaluation of fibroblast growth factor activity exerted by placental extract used as a cosmetic ingredient

Summary

Background

The biological activities claimed for placental extract (PE) in its medical and cosmetic applications are largely assumed to be the combined effects of its various signaling molecules and nutritional constituents. But there are considerable uncertainties about this assumption.

Aims

To determine the specific biological activity of PE at a molecular level.

Methods

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity was assessed based on the ability to induce proliferation of FGF receptor (FGFR)-overexpressing BaF3 cells.

Results

Porcine PE (PPE), an ingredient in numerous cosmetics, activated proliferation of BaF3 cells overexpressing FGFR subtypes 1c, 2c, 2b, 3c, or 4, that is, all the major FGFR subtypes. The effect was suppressed largely or partially when the cells were treated with a FGFR inhibitor PD173074, and the FGFR-negative BaF3 parent cells exhibited minimal growth promotion as compared to the FGFR-expressing BaF3 cells. The high (>10 kDa) and low (<3 kDa) molecular weight fractions of PPE were effective activators of FGFR signaling. PPE was found to contain sulfated glycosaminoglycans, including heparin/heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, which serve as both structural stabilizers of FGFs and indispensable cofactors for FGF-FGFR signaling.

Conclusions

These results indicate that PPE is capable of evoking FGF signaling in cells via FGFRs. Given that recombinant FGFs have proven useful for medical/cosmetic purposes, our results suggest that the medical/cosmetic utility of PPE is provided at least partly through the activation of FGF signaling in epidermal, dermal, and subdermal tissues.

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Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΓΛΩΣΣΙΤΙΣ ]

Development and evaluation of a nested-PCR assay for Senecavirus A diagnosis

C Feronato, RA Leme, JA Diniz, AMD Agnol, AF Alfieri… - Tropical Animal Health and …, 2017

... and coronary bands. The his- topathological findings included diphtheric glossitis,
intersti- tial pneumonia, lymphocytic myocarditis, and ballooning de- generation
of the transitional epithelium of the urinary blad- der. SVA also ...

[PDF] Correlation Between the Oral Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Different Treatments with The Clinical Disease Activity

AM Alahmed, KF Abdulkareem, TF Zaidan, A Yahya

... Oral dryness showed to be the most common oral findings (60%) followed by tempromandibular
joint disorders (31.8%) then aphthous ulcerations (9.4%) and glossitis (5.8%), while the lichenoid
drug reaction, angular chelitis and geographic tongue were the less commonly ...

[PDF] Mechanism of changes of peripheral neuro-muscle endings of the tongues of rats with experimental streptozotocyn diabetes mellitus

M Luchynskyi, V Luchinskyi, V Shcherba, A Demkovych… - Regulatory Mechanisms in …, 2017

... Byrd, JA, Bruce, AJ, & Rogers, RS (2003). Glossitis and other tongue disorders. ...
Three-dimensional structure of the lingual papillae of healthy rats and rats with experimental
diabetes mellitus (in the context of mechanism of development of diabetic glossitis. ...

Oral Ulcerative Lesions

G Lodi, E Varoni, J Robledo-Sierra, A Villa, M Jontell - 2017

Page 1. Oral Ulcerative Lesions Giovanni Lodi, Elena Varoni, Jairo Robledo-Sierra,
Alessandro Villa, and Mats Jontell Abstract Ulcers are the most common lesions
affecting the oral mucosa, and they can be ascribed to a plethora ...

Clinical Evaluation of Oral Diseases

CN Idahosa, AR Kerr - 2017

... (iv) Oral cancer: a diet rich in fruits and vegeta- bles is protective against oral cancer.
(v) Oral mucosal disorders and neuropathies: Vitamin B12 deficiency may occur in
strict vegetarians and is associated with glossitis and stomatitis. ...

[PDF] Pregled učinkovitosti i nuspojava 0, 1%-tnog fluocinolon acetonida u liječenju bolesti oralne sluznice

K Thongprasom - Acta stomatologica Croatica, 2017

... Oral Dis. 2004 Nov; 10(6):401-3. 17. Nalamliang N, Tangnuntachai N, Thongprasom
K. Medications in Thai patients with oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid drug reaction
and glossitis. IJEDS. 2014 July-December;3 (2):73-6. 18. ...

[PDF] Oral manifestation of genodermatoses

L Kavya, S Vandana, S Paulose, V Rangdhol…

... Earlier cases reported of vesicles and ulcerations preceding the development of
leukoplakia. Dental caries, periodontitis and oral ulcerations, bleeding and atrophic
glossitis, lichenoid lesions, and pigmentations are noted. Enamel ...

[PDF] RCAN

NO INSTITUCIONALIZADOS - Rev Cubana Aliment Nutr

Page 1. RCAN Revista Cubana de Alimentación y Nutrición RNPS: 2221. ISSN: 1561-2929
Volumen 27. Número 1 (Enero – Junio del 2017):29-48 Artículo original 1 Estomatóloga,
Especialista de Primer Grado en Estomatología General Integral. ...

[PDF] Reports on Individual Drugs

H Nakajima

Page 1. Vol.2, No.2, 1988 World Health Organization, Geneva WHO Drug Information
ContentS Personal Perspectives Dr Hiroshi Nakajima, Acceptance Speech Dr Halfdan
Mahler, Rational Use of Drugs Reports on Individual ...

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[PDF] PERBEDAAN PERENDAMAN PLAT RESIN AKRILIK PADA TABLET PEMBERSIH GIGI TIRUAN EFFERVESCENT DAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH TERHADAP …

RR Pambudi, R Sulistyorini, LO Mayasari - PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL & …, 2017

... Plak pada gigi tiruan merupakan faktor penting yang dapat menyebabkan inflamasi pada mukosa
palatal dan terjadinya denture stomatitis.1 Denture stomatitis merupakan keradangan pada
mukosa rongga mulut yang diakibatkan oleh pemakaian gigi tiruan lepasan. ...

Ruxolitinib is effective and safe in Japanese patients with hydroxyurea‑resistant or hydroxyurea‑intolerant polycythemia vera with splenomegaly

K Kirito, K Suzuki, K Miyamura, M Takeuchi, H Handa… - 2017

... The most common nonhematologic AEs per 100 patient-years in the ruxolitinib arm were diarrhea
(22.1), nasopharyngitis (14.7), and purpura (14.7), which were all grade 1 or 2 (Table 2).
Nasopharyngitis (58.5), rash (35.0), and bronchitis, pruritus, stomatitis, and hypertension ...

[HTML] Chronic Gingivostomatitis with Esophagitis in Cats

MI Kouki, SA Papadimitriou, D Psalla, A Kolokotronis… - Journal of Veterinary …, 2017

... FCG cats. However, only 25 biopsy specimens obtained from 19 animals with clinical
Table 3. Modified Stomatitis Disease Activity Index (SDAI). Macroscopic inflammation
of the oral mucosa in a 0-3 scale is marked. The sum ...

[PDF] A Review on the Importance of Nursing Approaches in Nutrition of Children with Cancer

Ş Çiftcioğlu, E Efe - World Academy of Science, Engineering and …, 2017

... may be reduced. In addition, stomatitis, mucositis, taste and odor changes in the
mouth, the feeling of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea can also reduce oral intake and
result in significant losses in the energy deficit. In assessing ...

Virotherapies in Pancreatic Cancer

DH Ahn, R Ramanathan - Current and Emerging Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer, 2018

... Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV). VSV is an RNA virus that is non-cell cycle-dependent,
resulting in the rapid uptake by cells. ... Vesicular stomatitis virus as an oncolytic agent against
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Virol. 2012;86(6):3073–87. ...

Oral Ulcerative Lesions

G Lodi, E Varoni, J Robledo-Sierra, A Villa, M Jontell - 2017

... Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most frequent ulcera- tive disorder
of the oral cavity, affecting 10–20% of the general population. ... 8 Recurrent
Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) .... 8 Epidemiology . . . . . ...

[HTML] Sustainability of Jaborandi in the eastern Brazilian Amazon

CF Caldeira, TC Giannini, SJ Ramos, S Vasconcelos… - Perspectives in Ecology and …, 2017

... Users have observed that infusions of jaborandi leaves have the property of stimulating the
production of sweat and salivation, and they are applied in shamanic rituals for fever treatment,
stomatitis and as an antidote for poisons and toxins ( Holmstedt et al., 1979). ...

[PDF] Screening of peste des petits ruminants virus in a population of district Khairpur, Pakistan

AK Maitlo, JA Ujan, SA Ujjan, M Ruk, BA Memon… - 2017

... The clinical PPRV observation and determination were based on sudden fever (41°C), anorexia,
respiratory distress, necrotizing stomatitis catarrhal inflammation, ulcer mucosa, cough, pneumonia,
gastrointestinal inflammation, diarrhea, and death (Adombi et al., 2011). ...

Incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with both bone resorption inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor …

T van Cann, T Loyson, A Verbiest, PM Clement… - Supportive Care in Cancer, 2017

... such as sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib, or sorafenib. The antiangiogenic capacity
of these agents or the stomatitis induced by such drugs poten- tially increases the
risk to develop MRONJ. The aim of our retrospective study was ...

Development and evaluation of a nested-PCR assay for Senecavirus A diagnosis

C Feronato, RA Leme, JA Diniz, AMD Agnol, AF Alfieri… - Tropical Animal Health and …, 2017

... 2006). Since 2008, SVA infection has been associated with a por- cine vesicular disease clinically
indistinguishable from other important vesicular infections, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD),
vesicular stomatitis (VS), and swine vesicular disease (SVD) (Pasma et al. ...

Ετικέτες

Δευτέρα 2 Οκτωβρίου 2017

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract

Summary

Background

Aims

Methods

Results

Conclusions

[PDF] Correlation Between the Oral Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Different Treatments with The Clinical Disease Activity

[PDF] Mechanism of changes of peripheral neuro-muscle endings of the tongues of rats with experimental streptozotocyn diabetes mellitus

[PDF] Pregled učinkovitosti i nuspojava 0, 1%-tnog fluocinolon acetonida u liječenju bolesti oralne sluznice

[PDF] Oral manifestation of genodermatoses

[PDF] RCAN

[PDF] Reports on Individual Drugs

[PDF] PERBEDAAN PERENDAMAN PLAT RESIN AKRILIK PADA TABLET PEMBERSIH GIGI TIRUAN EFFERVESCENT DAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH TERHADAP …

[HTML] Chronic Gingivostomatitis with Esophagitis in Cats

[PDF] A Review on the Importance of Nursing Approaches in Nutrition of Children with Cancer

[HTML] Sustainability of Jaborandi in the eastern Brazilian Amazon

[PDF] Screening of peste des petits ruminants virus in a population of district Khairpur, Pakistan

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