Mobility of metal(loid)s at the sediment-water interface in two tourist port areas of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea)

Abstract

One of the main environmental issues affecting coastal marine environments is the accumulation of contaminants in sediments and their potential mobility. In situ benthic chamber experiments were conducted at two tourist ports (marinas) located in the Gulf of Trieste, one in Slovenia and one in Italy. The aim was to understand if and where recycling at the sediment-water interface (SWI) may affect metal(loid)s. Short sediment cores were also collected near the chamber to investigate the solid (sediments) and dissolved phases (porewaters). Both diffusive and benthic fluxes were estimated to elucidate the release of metal(loid)s at the SWI. Total element concentrations and their labile fractions were determined in sediments to quantify their potential mobility. The total element contents were found to be two orders of magnitude higher in the Italian marina than in the Slovenian one, especially for Hg (up to 1000 mg kg⁻¹), whereas the labile fraction was scarce or null. The opposite occurred in the Slovenian marina. Metal(loid)s in porewaters showed a clear diagenetic sequence and a close dependence upon the suboxic/anoxic conditions of sediments. The results suggest that although the sediments of the Italian marina exhibit the highest total metal(loid) concentration, these elements are scarcely remobilisable. Conversely, in the Slovenian marina, sediments seem to be comparatively more prone to release metal(loid)s at the SWI.

https://ift.tt/2Jj5KQ7

Soluble antigen arrays disarm antigen-specific B cells to promote lasting immune tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Publication date: Available online 12 July 2018

Source: Journal of Autoimmunity

Author(s): Brittany L. Hartwell, Chad J. Pickens, Martin Leon, Laura Northrup, Matthew A. Christopher, J. Daniel Griffin, Francisco Martinez-Becerra, Cory Berkland

Abstract

Autoreactive lymphocytes that escape central immune tolerance may be silenced via an endogenous peripheral tolerance mechanism known as anergy. Antigen-specific therapies capable of inducing anergy may restore patients with autoimmune diseases to a healthy phenotype while avoiding deleterious side effects associated with global immunosuppression. Inducing anergy in B cells may be a particularly potent intervention, as B cells can contribute to autoimmune diseases through multiple mechanisms and offer the potential for direct antigen-specific targeting through the B cell receptor (BCR). Our previous results suggested autoreactive B cells may be silenced by multivalent 'soluble antigen arrays' (SAgAs), which are polymer conjugates displaying multiple copies of autoantigen with or without a secondary peptide that blocks intracellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Here, key therapeutic molecular properties of SAgAs were identified and linked to the immunological mechanism through comprehensive cellular and in vivo analyses. We determined non-hydrolyzable 'cSAgAs' displaying multivalent 'click'-conjugated antigen more potently suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) compared to hydrolyzable SAgAs capable of releasing conjugated antigen. cSAgAs restored a healthy phenotype in disease-specific antigen presenting cells (APCs) by inducing an anergic response in B cells and a subset of B cells called autoimmune-associated B cells (ABCs) that act as potent APCs in autoimmune disease. Accompanied by a cytokine response skewed towards a Th2/regulatory phenotype, this generated an environment of autoantigenic tolerance. By identifying key therapeutic molecular properties and an immunological mechanism that drives SAgA efficacy, this work guides the design of antigen-specific immunotherapies capable of inducing anergy.

https://ift.tt/2uhNDoW

Should Spinal MRI Be Routinely Performed in Patients With Clinically Isolated Optic Neuritis?

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2zBDI2O

Surgical treatment of periocular basal cell carcinomas with whole specimen intraoperative frozen section analysis: experiences and review of literature

Abstract

Background

Periocular skin tumors are difficult to treat because of the friability of the tissue and close relationship to adjacent, functional structures. After excision, direct reconstruction with alike tissue is desirable to prevent shrinkage and deformation. We analyzed whether a quick intraoperative pathology method using whole specimen bread loaf frozen section analysis delivers a sufficiently reliable result concerning completeness of the excision in periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

Methods

This is a cohort study by case note review of 132 patients undergoing excision of periocular BCC between 1996 and 2012 at the Medical Centre Leeuwarden. Whole specimen intraoperative frozen section analysis (WIFSA) was performed and compared with final paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Sensitivity and specificity of WIFSA and 5-year recurrence rate were calculated.

Results

One hundred thirty-nine periocular BCCs were excised. Paraffin sections of primary excision showed clear margins in 90 cases and tumor-positive margins in 49 cases. In 87 of 90 excisions with clear margins, WIFSA showed clear margins as well (specificity 97%). In 48 of the 49 excisions with tumor-positive margins, WIFSA showed incomplete excision as well (sensitivity 98%). Recurrence rate was 3.6% (5/139), with average follow-up of 79 months.

Conclusions

This study indicates that WIFSA is an effective method for histological examination of the margins of surgically removed periocular BCCs, with high specificity and sensitivity. Recurrence rates are low.

Level of Evidence: Level II, diagnostic study.

https://ift.tt/2NdOONt

Heavy metal contamination in “chemicalized’ green revolution banana fields in southern India

Abstract

The present report is a general assessment of the level of nutrient and toxic heavy metals as an impact of "chemicalized" cultivation practices for decades in banana fields in the three south Indian states, Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamilnadu. The major objective was to critically analyze the status of metallic content in green revolution fields, where chemical fertilizers or plant protective chemicals remain the major source of heavy metal contaminants. Since soil series being a soil taxonomic category that includes slightly variant soils of similar origin and common parent materials, the 286 field samples of the broad south Indian region were further grouped into composite samples representing 47 different soil series for limiting the sample analysis. The quantitative assessment of ten metals done in these soils using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer included Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Co. The amount of Cu observed in many fields was higher than all the previous reports of the same in the "chemicalized" fields. Similarly, the amount of Co observed in 25 fields was above its threshold levels expected for normal soils. The amount of Pb observed in all the soils appeared quite normal. The amount of Ni observed in 14 soil series was higher than its threshold levels for normal soils, except in 4 soil series, where its amount exceeded the upper limit of contamination. Cr was detected in all the samples, but found higher than its threshold level in 31 soil series. Significant positive correlations were observed between the amounts of different metals in the study. PCA results indicated that variables were correlated to four principal components, and 74.36% of the total variance was justified.

https://ift.tt/2Ldes45

Cyanobacteria and microcystins in Koka reservoir (Ethiopia)

Abstract

The composition and abundance of cyanobacteria and their toxins, microcystins (MCs), and cylindrospermopsins (CYN) were investigated using samples collected at monthly intervals from the Amudde side of Koka Reservoir from May 2013 to April 2014. Cyanobacteria were the most abundant and persistent phytoplankton taxa with Microcystis and Cylindrospermopsis species alternately dominating the phytoplankton community of the reservoir and accounting for up to 84.3 and 11.9% of total cyanobacterial abundance, respectively. Analyses of cyanotoxins in filtered samples by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS identified and quantified five variants of MCs (MC-LR, MC-YR, MC-RR, MC-dmLR, and MC-LA) in all samples, with their total concentrations ranging from 1.86 to 28.3 μg L⁻¹ and from 1.71 to 33 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Despite the presence and occasional abundance of Cylindrospermopsis sp., cylindrospermopsin was not detected. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the environmental variables explained 82.7% of the total variance in cyanobacterial abundance and microcystin concentration. The presence of considerably high levels of MCs almost throughout the year represents a serious threat to public health and life of domestic and wild animals.

https://ift.tt/2JjHLQO

Vitamin E alleviates phoxim-induced toxic effects on intestinal oxidative stress, barrier function, and morphological changes in rats

Abstract

Phoxim is an organic phosphorus pesticide that remains easily in the environment, such as human food and animal feed. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of vitamin E on phoxim-induced oxidative stress in the intestinal tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group and three treatment groups: treatment group 1 (phoxim: 20 mg/kg·BW), treatment group 2 (phoxim: 180 mg/kg·BW), and treatment 3 (vitamin E + phoxim: 200 mg/kg·BW + 180 mg/kg·BW). Phoxim was given by gavage administration once a day for 28 days. The results showed that phoxim significantly reduced jejunum villus height in rats (P < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA expression of junction protein genes of rats, including Occlidin and Claudin-4 (P < 0.05). Phoxim reduced GSH content and T-AOC level in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2 and GPx2) were decreased. The mRNA expression of SOD was significantly increased. In addition, phoxim increased the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in jejunum mucosa and significantly reduced the level of IL-8 in ileum mucosas, while significantly increased TNF-α secretion. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly decreased, and mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Phoxim also increased the DNA expression of total cecal bacteria and Escherichia coli, inhibited the DNA expression of Lactobacillus and destroyed the intestinal barrier. Two hundred milligrams per kilogram BW vitamin E reduced the effect of phoxim on intestinal structure, alleviated the oxidative stress in intestinal tissue, and decreased the level of TNF-α. The mRNA expressions of antioxidative stress genes (SOD and GPx2) were significantly increased. The DNA expression level of Lactobacillus was significantly increased. In conclusion, vitamin E helped reduce the toxicity of organophosphate pesticides, such as phoxim on rat intestinal tissue.

https://ift.tt/2NJMvCR

Solid Cell Nests Within a Parathyroid Gland—Report of an Exceptional Case

Abstract

The ultimobranchial body (UBB) denotes the cellular mass originating from the fourth branchial pouch, which migrates from the neural crest and infolds within the middle and upper poles of the thyroid lobes, thereby establishing the presence of calcitonin-secreting parafollicular C cells. In various numbers, UBB remnants (entitled "solid cell nests", or SCNs) are found in thyroid glands examined histologically. However, despite the close embryological relation between the UBB and the superior parathyroid glands, intraparathyroidal SCNs have to our knowledge not been previously reported. Here, we describe a patient presenting with a papillary thyroid carcinoma with central and lateral lymph node metastases. Upon postoperative analysis, an unintentionally removed parathyroid gland was observed adjacent to the superior aspect of the right thyroid lobe. Within a 0.6 × 0.5-mm area of the parathyroid gland, solid nests composed of epithelial cells with oval and slightly elongated nuclei were seen. The cells were positive for p40, p63, and GATA3, but negative for PTH. The final diagnosis was a SCN entrapped within the parathyroid gland. Empirically, we have not previously observed SCNs within the parathyroid glands. To our knowledge, our finding thus constitutes a very unusual histological manifestation, and could indicate an underlying aberrancy during embryogenesis given the close anatomical relationship between the UBB and the superior parathyroid glands.

https://ift.tt/2zyfo1w

Impact of ozonation and biologically enhanced activated carbon filtration on the composition of micropollutants in drinking water

Abstract

A pilot-scale drinking water treatment process for Songhua River, including conventional treatment (coagulation-settlement and rapid sand filtration), ozonation, biological enhanced activated carbon (BEAC) filtration, and chlorination disinfection, was carried out in this study. To investigate the impact of ozonation and BEAC filtration on removing the composition of micropollutants in drinking water, we detected the micropollutant composition from each stage of the treatment process by non-targeted analysis using a GC-MS technique and compared the results between effluents of single BEAC and O₃-BEAC processes. Aromatic compounds and esters could be abated efficiently during single BEAC filtration via biodegradation and adsorption; however, possible metabolic products (i.e., alkenes) were formed by biodegradation. Comparatively, O₃-BEAC process could reduce micropollutants much more significantly than single BEAC process especially for aromatic compounds including substituted benzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) without the formation of metabolic products through the coupling effect of oxidation, biodegradation, and adsorption, suggesting that ozonation improved the removal potential of micropollutants in the BEAC process. In addition, conventional and novel chlorinated disinfection by-products were also measured during post-chlorination.

https://ift.tt/2L1UT21

Scholar : Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 124, Issue 3, July 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 124, Issue 3, July 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Original Article Understanding mitochondrial biogenesis through energy sensing pathways and its translation in cardio-metabolic health Abhijit Nirwane & Anuradha Majumdar Pages: 194-206 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1391847 In vitro and in vivo studies of Allium sativum extract against deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress in rats brain and kidney Marwa Ncir, Mongi Saoudi, Hanen Sellami, Fatma Rahmouni, Amina Lahyani, Fatma Makni Ayadi, Abdelfattah El Feki & Mohamed Salah Allagui Pages: 207-217 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1376335 High-fat diet reduces weight gain but increases other cardio-metabolic indices in offspring of normotensive and hypertensive rats Oladele Ayobami Afolabi, Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi, Roseline Toyosi Oyinloye, Hussein Mofomosara Salahdeen, Toyin Mohammed Salman & Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji Pages: 218-225 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1383441 Biomarkers of oxidative stress and protein–protein interaction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Taru Aggarwal, Ridhima Wadhwa, Vishwajeet Rohil & Pawan Kumar Maurya Pages: 226-231 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1387796 A novel biomarker explaining the role of oxidative stress in exercise and l-tyrosine supplementation: thiol/disulphide homeostasis Yildirim Kayacan, Hayrullah Yazar, Emin Can Kisa & Babak Elmi Ghojebeigloo Pages: 232-236 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1388410 Zinc and selenium modulate barium-induced oxidative stress, cellular injury and membrane-bound ATPase in the cerebellum of adult rats and their offspring during late pregnancy and early postnatal periods Awatef Elwej, Imen Ghorbel, Mariem Chaabane, Nejla Soudani, Hela Mnif, Tahia Boudawara, Najiba Zeghal & Madiha Sefi Pages: 237-246 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1392579 The effect of zinc and melatonin supplementation on immunity parameters in breast cancer induced by DMBA in rats Saltuk Bugra Baltaci, Rasim Mogulkoc, Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci, Ayca Emsen & Hasibe Artac Pages: 247-252 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1392580 Cardiopreventive effects of camel milk against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress, biochemical and histological alterations in mice Houda Hamed, Manel Gargouri, Khaled Bellassoued, Zied Ghannoudi, Abdelfattah Elfeki & Ahmed Gargouri Pages: 253-260 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1395889 Research Article Phenolic compounds analysis, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects of Periploca angustifolia extract on cadmium-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cell line and rats Khaled Athmouni, Dalel Belhaj, Khaoula Mkadmini Hammi, Abdelfattah El Feki & Habib Ayadi Pages: 261-274 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1395890 Original Article A Helicobacter pylori-associated insulin resistance in asymptomatic sedentary young men does not correlate with inflammatory markers and urine levels of 8-iso-PGF2-α or 1,4-dihydroxynonane mercapturic acid Andriy Cherkas, Sergii Golota, Françoise Guéraud, Orest Abrahamovych, Christoph Pichler, Armen Nersesyan, Volodymyr Krupak, Vira Bugiichyk, Ostap Yatskevych, Mykhaylo Pliatsko, Peter Eckl & Siegfried Knasmüller Pages: 275-285 | DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1396346 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Amyloid are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Amyloid and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Article Cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous body exposure to orally administered tafamidis in hereditary ATTRV30M (p.TTRV50M) amyloidosis patients Cecilia Monteiro, Ana Martins da Silva, Natália Ferreira, Jaleh Mesgarzadeh, Marta Novais, Teresa Coelho & Jeffery W. Kelly Pages: 1-9 | DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2018.1479249 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Journal of Natural History, Volume 52, Issue 25-26, July - July 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Journal of Natural History, Volume 52, Issue 25-26, July - July 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Original Articles Distinctive but functionally convergent song phenotypes characterize two new allopatric species of the Chrysoperla carnea-group in Asia, Chrysoperla shahrudensis sp. nov. and Chrysoperla bolti sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Charles S. Henry, Stephen J. Brooks, James B. Johnson, Atsushi Mochizuki, Alinaghi Mirmoayedi & Peter Duelli Pages: 1603-1635 | DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1478011 Albertine Rift Valley endemics: three new species of freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda Neil Cumberlidge & Paul F. Clark Pages: 1637-1656 | DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1480812 Synopsis of 'onychocellid' cheilostome bryozoan genera Paul D. Taylor, Silviu O. Martha & Dennis P. Gordon Pages: 1657-1721 | DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1481235 Long-term increases in clutch size in common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) and diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) Russell L. Burke, Beverly Clendening & Alexandra Kanonik Pages: 1723-1732 | DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1483539 Hoping to have your article read by anyone, anywhere and at any time? Find out more about publishing open access with Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Er:YAG laser application in caries removal and cavity preparation in children: a meta-analysis

Abstract

The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the applications of Er:YAG lasers for the removal of caries and cavity preparation in children. The meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was conducted with data extracted from seven relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1997 to July 2017. The data heterogeneity of each study was assessed by a Q test. We used the heterogeneity results to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) or relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) using STATA version 10.0. The publication bias was evaluated using Begger's test. There were seven randomized controlled trials included in this study. The analysis results indicate that compared to the conventional mechanical method, more time was needed for Er:YAG laser treatment (SMD 1.945, 95%CI 0.942 to 2.948). However, the pain reported by patients was reduced with Er:YAG laser treatment (SMD − 1.013, 95%CI − 1.892 to − 0.196). There were no significant differences between the groups in the complete retention rate (RR 1.021, 95%CI 0.963 to 1.114), the marginal discoloration (RR 1.638, 95% CI 0.240 to 11.986) and the marginal adaptation (RR 1.480, 95%CI 0.257 to 8.515). In conclusion, our data indicate that the time required for Er:YAG laser treatment was longer than that for the conventional mechanical method, but there was less pain associated with the Er:YAG laser treatment. There were no significant differences in the complete retention rate, marginal discoloration, and marginal adaptation between the two groups.

https://ift.tt/2KPPKdT

Scholar : These new articles for Archives and Manuscripts are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Archives and Manuscripts and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Conference Reviews Archives, activism and social media: building networks for effective collaboration and ethical practice Lee J. Pretlove Pages: 1-3 | DOI: 10.1080/01576895.2018.1485822 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : African Journal of Marine Science, Volume 40, Issue 2, June 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content African Journal of Marine Science, Volume 40, Issue 2, June 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Review Papers Latitudinal gradients and poleward expansion of mangrove ecosystems in South Africa: 50 years after Macnae's first assessment N Peer, A Rajkaran, NAF Miranda, RH Taylor, B Newman, F Porri, JL Raw, SP Mbense, JB Adams & R Perissinotto Pages: 101-120 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1466728 Review of progress with integrated coastal management in South Africa since the advent of democracy M Sowman & N Malan Pages: 121-136 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1468278 Research Papers Impacts of alien 'ecosystem engineers' overwhelm interannual and seasonal shifts in rocky-shore community composition on Marcus Island, South Africa S Sadchatheeswaran, GM Branch, CL Moloney & TB Robinson Pages: 137-147 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1462729 Genetic diversity and population connectivity of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla along the South African coast M Brink, R Dale Kuys, C Rhode, BM Macey, KW Christison & R Roodt-Wilding Pages: 149-156 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1468819 Sharks caught in the KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme, South Africa. 14. The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus) ML Dicken, H Winker, MJ Smale & G Cliff Pages: 157-174 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1470031 A multimetric-index approach using fisheries data to assess fish assemblage structure in relation to salinity gradient in a tropical West African estuary J Kantoussan, JM Ecoutin, R Laë, OT Thiaw & L Tito de Morais Pages: 175-185 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1474802 The age and growth of hottentot seabream Pachymetopon blochii before and after the South African linefish state of emergency in 2000 MW Farthing, AC Winkler, K Anderson, S Kerwath, C Wilke & WM Potts Pages: 187-196 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1475302 Population abundance and seasonal migration patterns indicated by commercial catch-per-unit-effort of hakes (Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus) in the northern Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem JN Kathena, D Yemane, N Bahamon & T Jansen Pages: 197-209 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1476264 Short communication Genetic variability of the Lessepsian migrant mussel Brachidontes pharaonis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Tunisia M Antit, N Amor, J Urra, AN Alagaili & S Farjallah Pages: 211-217 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1476265 Unique 'spring-loaded' gnathopod in the recently re-discovered and highly range-restricted estuarine amphipod Quadrivisio aviceps C Griffiths & J Landschoff Pages: 219-224 | DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2018.1479308 Hoping to have your article read by anyone, anywhere and at any time? Find out more about publishing open access with Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Thyroid® New Open Access Article

Latest Impact Factor: 7.557
The Official Journal of: American Thyroid Association^®

No-Scar Transoral Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Excision in Children
Jin Pyeong Kim, Jung Je Park, Seung Hoon Woo

The post <i>Thyroid^®</i> New Open Access Article appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

https://ift.tt/2urIFW4

Origins and discrimination between local and regional atmospheric pollution in Haiphong (Vietnam), based on metal(loid) concentrations and lead isotopic ratios in PM 10

Abstract

Southeast Asia is a hotspot of anthropogenic emissions where episodes of recurrent and prolonged atmospheric pollution can lead to the formation of large haze events, giving rise to wide plumes which spread over adjacent oceans and neighbouring countries. Trace metal concentrations and Pb isotopic ratios in atmospheric particulate matter < 10 μm (PM₁₀) were used to track the origins and the transport pathways of atmospheric pollutants. This approach was used for fortnightly PM₁₀ collections over a complete annual cycle in Haiphong, northern Vietnam. Distinct seasonal patterns were observed for the trace metal concentration in PM₁₀, with a maximum during the Northeast (NE) monsoon and a minimum during the Southeast (SE) monsoon. Some elements (As, Cd, Mn) were found in excess according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Coal combustion was highlighted with enrichment factors of As, Cd, Se, and Sb, but these inputs were outdistanced by other anthropogenic activities. V/Ni and Cu/Sb ratios were found to be markers of oil combustion, while Pb/Cd and Zn/Pb ratios were found to be markers of industrial activities. Pb isotopic composition in PM₁₀ revealed an important contribution of soil dusts (45–60%). In PM₁₀, the Pb fraction due to oil combustion was correlated with dominant airflow pathways (31% during the north-easterlies and 20% during the south-easterlies), and the Pb fraction resulting from industrial emissions was stable (around 28%) throughout the year. During the SE monsoon, Pb inputs were mainly attributed to resuspension of local soil dusts (about 90%), and during the NE monsoon, the increase of Pb inPM₁₀ was due to the mixing of local and regional inputs.

https://ift.tt/2N5o5lO

Design of natural elements in open spaces of cities with a Mediterranean climate, conditions for comfort and urban ecology

Abstract

More than half the world's population lives in cities that were designed with a complete disregard for nature. Then, it is vital that nature should be present in these spaces to provide ecological support for urban areas. Natural elements that are in these spaces should be designed with people's comfort in mind. This research explores the application of the PET and UTCI biometeorological comfort indices in urban microspaces, where the general environmental parameters of the city are not valid and each space must be measured individually. The research looked into the influence of the design of natural elements on improving comfort. The results show that in the children's playing spaces, the absence of thermal comfort and considerable thermal stress were detected in summer. This effect is more easily seen in the PET values. The benefits to comfort of having double layers of vegetation in the gardens have also been shown. The micro-droplets of water from the jets in the fountains are carried by the breeze and modify the human-biometeorological conditions around the fountains and reduce thermal stress. This improvement needs an appropriate design of the fountains and an awareness of the breeze patterns in these spaces.

https://ift.tt/2KOrcSF

Soil sustainable utilization technology: mechanism of flavonols in resistance process of heavy metal

Abstract

The soil ecosystem is critical for agricultural production, affecting many aspects of human health. Soil has more unknown biodiversity and edaphic parameters than any other ecosystem especially when polluted. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were applied to research on toxicological characteristics of Pb and resistance mechanism of flavonols. Rhizosphere microorganisms–plants system, a unified system closely related to soil environment was taken as research object. Results emphasize gene expression changes in different test groups. Gene ontology enrichment and eggNOG showed that Pb has a toxic effect on gene and protein function which concentrated on ATPase and ATP-dependent activity. Differentially expressed genes in the flavonols group indicated that flavonols regulate amino acid transport and other transportation process related to Pb stress. Kegg analysis represents that Pb interferences energy production process via not only the upstream like glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) circle but also oxidative phosphorylation process, which can also produce reactive oxygen species and impact the eliminating process. Flavonols have shown the ability in alleviating toxic effect of Pb and improving the resistance of plants. Flavonols can recover the electronic transmission and other process in TCA and oxidative phosphorylation via ascorbic acid-glutathione metabolism. Flavonols activated antioxidative process and non-specific immunity via vitamins B₂–B₆ metabolism.

https://ift.tt/2N5nKQ4

Injectable platelet rich fibrin: cell content, morphological, and protein characterization

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the blood cell content, morphological aspects, gene expression of type I collagen, and release of growth factors on an injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF).

Materials and methods

Blood samples were collected from 15 volunteers to prepare i-PRF samples. Peripheral blood was used as a control group. Blood clot and i-PRF samples were cultured for 10 days. The supernatant of the samples was collected for ELISA immunoassay quantification of PDGF and VEGF growth factors over periods of 1, 8, 24, 72, and 240 h. I-PRF and blood clot samples were biologically characterized using histological and immunohistochemistry analysis for IL-10, osteocalcin, and TGF-β. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to inspect the fibrin network and distribution of blood platelets and leukocytes. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to evaluate gene expression for type I collagen.

Results

A higher concentration of platelets and lymphocytes was recorded in i-PRF than in peripheral blood (p < 0.05). The release of VEGF was higher in blood clot samples (1933 ± 704) than that for i-PRF (852 ± 376; p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of TGF-B, IL-10, and osteocalcin in the i-PRF group. RT-PCR showed increased type I collagen gene expression in i-PRF (p < 0.05). SEM images revealed agglomeration of platelets in some regions, while a fibrin networking was noticeable in the entire i-PRF sample.

Conclusions

Injectable platelet rich fibrin becomes a good approach for soft and mineralized tissue healing considering the formation of a three-dimensional fibrin network embedding platelets, leukocytes, type I collagen, osteocalcin, and growth factors. Indeed, the injectable platelet rich fibrin can be indicated in several medical applications regarding bioactivity, simplied technique, and flowable mixing with other biomaterials.

Clinical relevance

Morphological, cell, and protein characterization of platelet rich fibrin provides a better understanding of the clinical effects and improvement of clinical guidelines for several medical applications. Once well physicochemical and biologically characterized, the use of an injectable platelet rich fibrin can be extended to other applications in the field of orthopedics, periodontics, and implant dentistry on the repairing process of both soft and mineralized tissues.

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Primary Tumor Location and RAS/BRAF Mutational Status as Prognostic Factor in Stage III Colon Cancer—Reply

In Reply I read with a great interest the letter from Salvatore and collaborators commenting on our article on the prognostic value of tumor sidedness in patients with stage III colon cancer from the PETACC-8 European trial and its relationship with BRAF and RAS mutational status. We found that while patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type right-sided tumors had a worse disease-free survival, patients with RAS/BRAF-mutant right-sided tumors had a significantly better disease-free survival in comparison with those with left-sided tumors.

https://ift.tt/2Jfr49a

Assessment of Lung Cancer Risk on the Basis of a Biomarker Panel of Circulating Proteins

This validation study investigates the use of circulating protein biomarkers to improve lung cancer risk assessment and eligibility criteria for screening with low-dose computed tomography.

https://ift.tt/2L8xJH4

Delayed Adoption of Evidence-Based Surgical Practices

Management of the axilla has arguably evolved more rapidly than any other area of breast surgery over the past 20 years. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy superseded axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for staging the clinically negative axilla and was adopted as the standard of care in the early 2000s after several single-institution and multicenter trials demonstrated test equivalence of SLN biopsy to ALND for axillary staging among patients with early-stage disease.

https://ift.tt/2LaI3Lo

Surgeon Attitudes Toward the Omission of Axillary Dissection in Early Breast Cancer

This survey study examines the propensity of surgeons to use axillary lymph node biopsy alone for axillary management in women with early-stage breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery.

https://ift.tt/2L6TQO3

Management of Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma in 2018

This Insights discusses management strategies for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma using the most recent therapeutic options.

https://ift.tt/2LeXVwu

Optimal Multimodal Treatment for Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors

To the Editor We read with great attention the article by Tun et al describing a case of advanced desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) and discussing its optimal management. Although we agree with the authors on the fact that data are scarce on the clinical management of advanced DSRCT, we would like to comment on several issues regarding the current knowledge on the optimal, multimodal management of advanced DSRCT. First, we would like to point out that the benefit of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy seems to be limited in patients with extraperitoneal disease. Second, whole abdominal radiotherapy was associated with better outcomes (and in particular peritoneal disease control rate) in large and recent series, in contrast with the authors' statement.

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Causes of Death and Conditional Survival Estimates of Survivors of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

This population-based study investigates the survival and causes of death in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma to 21 years after diagnosis.

https://ift.tt/2JgYc09

Optimal Multimodal Treatment for Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors—Reply

In Reply We thank Mir and colleagues for their thoughtful comments and appreciate the opportunity to respond. First and foremost, our article is an overview of DSRCT in general, not intended for management of the case specifically. Management of desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) has been challenging because of its rarity and limited prospective data. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been investigated following cytoreductive surgery. We agree that the use of HIPEC is probably not indicated in patients with extraperitoneal disease. Hayes-Jordan et al conducted a phase 2 study of HIPEC in pediatric patients with sarcoma including DSRCT in which patients with the extra-abdominal extension who could not achieve complete cytoreduction at the time of enrollment were excluded. Adjuvant whole-abdominal radiation therapy (WART) combined with cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC provides adequate local control of DSRCT. And yet it is imperative to recognize the risks of severe complications due to this extensive irradiation. Osborne et al reviewed 32 patients with DSRCT treated with chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC, followed by WART in which 84% of patients had grade 3 or higher toxic effects. It was concluded that WART following chemotherapy, surgical cytoreduction, and HIPEC is an aggressive treatment for patients with DSRCT and can result in severe adverse effects.

https://ift.tt/2L8Jmha

Primary Tumor Location and RAS/BRAF Mutational Status as Prognostic Factor in Stage III Colon Cancer

To the Editor The post hoc analysis from the PETACC-8 trial reported by Taieb et al showed that the association between primary tumor location cancer and disease-free survival in patients with stage III colon cancer varied on the basis of RAS and BRAF molecular status. In particular, while patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type right-sided tumors had a worse prognosis, patients with RAS- or BRAF-mutant right-sided tumors had a significantly better disease-free survival in comparison with those with left-sided tumors, which is just the opposite of what we observed in the metastatic setting. No possible explanations have been proposed by the authors because neither association between sidedness and disease-free survival according to microsatellite instability status, nor predictive effect of tumor location for cetuximab efficacy, was found.

https://ift.tt/2LcSGNO

Treatment of Relapsed AML With Second Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant vs Donor Lymphocyte Infusion

This registry-based study compares survival in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia who have undergone a second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant vs donor lymphocyte infusion after relapse.

https://ift.tt/2L74F2A

Conditional Survival as a Pragmatic Resource for Cancer Survivors and Health Care Professionals

Although there are readily available population-level data from national data sets and large clinical trials regarding the likelihood that patients with a de novo diagnosis of cancer may be alive at certain times (ie, 5 years), there is a paucity of data to guide actual cancer survivors on their estimated outcome if they have already survived a certain number of years. In fact, for patients who are followed up years after being treated for a cancer, a common scenario is for the patient and caregivers to ask practitioners what the longer term prognosis may be. The question posed to practitioners may be, "Doc, am I now cured? It's been 5 years since we finished treatment." This is an everyday practical query in the clinic. In the meantime, a currently available crude outcome prediction tool is known as conditional survival. For example, the 5-year conditional (overall and cause-specific) survival can be calculated for covariates that are included in multivariable regression models. Conditional survival is the proportion surviving, for example, 5 additional years, per the following equation: when S(t) is (overall or cause-specific) survival at time t, conditional survival is S( × +5)/S( × ). In this issue of JAMA Oncology, Swords et al calculate conditional survival for pancreatic cancer survivors and demonstrate from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data set that mortality from recurrent pancreatic cancer is not the major cause of death for patients who have survived approximately 9 years post diagnosis. In fact, consistent with other studies of survivors from treatment for primary gastrointestinal tract tumors, prognosis improves over time. There are some open-source data sets of cancer survival prediction calculators that have been developed to facilitate pragmatic discussions between patients and clinicians pertaining to conditional survival for select solid tumors. As these outcome tools are refined to include individualized patient-level "-omic" information, next-generation outcome prediction tools have the potential to be more accurate in estimating outcome for cancer survivors.

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Scholar : International Journal of Heritage Studies, Volume 24, Issue 9, October 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content International Journal of Heritage Studies, Volume 24, Issue 9, October 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Original Articles Conceptualising the subjective authenticity of intangible cultural heritage Junjie Su Pages: 919-937 | DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1428662 The inherent malleability of heritage: creating China's beautiful villages Toby Lincoln & Rebecca Madgin Pages: 938-953 | DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1428666 Socialist architecture as today's dissonant heritage: administrative buildings of collective farms in Estonia Laura Ingerpuu Pages: 954-968 | DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1428664 Miniature dissonance and the museum space: reconsidering communication through miniaturisation Jack William Davy Pages: 969-983 | DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1428669 The tourism and local development in world heritage context. The case of the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico Amilcar Vargas Pages: 984-997 | DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1428670 Heritage destruction and cultural rights: insights from Bagan in Myanmar Anne-Laura Kraak Pages: 998-1013 | DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1430605 Book Review Tokyo vernacular: common spaces, local histories, found objects Henry Johnson Pages: 1014-1015 | DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1440620 Topographies of memories: a new poetics of commemoration Ross J. Wilson Pages: 1016-1017 | DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1440619 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Follicular Penetration of Caffeine from Topically Applied Nanoemulsion Formulations Containing Penetration Enhancers: In vitro Human Skin Studies

Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate transfollicular delivery enhancement of caffeine from nanoemulsion formulations incorporating oleic acid (OA) and eucalyptol (EU) as chemical penetration enhancers. Methods: Caffeine permeation was evaluated from nanoemulsions containing OA or EU and an aqueous control solution through excised human full-thickness skin with hair follicles opened, blocked, or left untreated. Differential tape stripping was performed, followed by cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsies to determine the amount of caffeine in the hair follicles, and skin extraction to determine the retention of caffeine in the skin. Results: Nanoemulsions significantly increased caffeine permeation through open and untreated skin over control (untreated: 36- and 42-fold for OA and EU, respectively; open: 40- and 49-fold). The follicular route contributed 53.7% of caffeine permeation for the OA nanoemulsion and 51% for EU when follicles were opened. Nanoemulsions promoted 4- and 3.4-fold increases in caffeine retention in open follicles, for OA and EU, respectively. Retention of caffeine in the stratum corneum and skin was almost equal in all cases. Conclusions: This study demonstrated effective delivery of caffeine as a hydrophilic model drug into and through hair follicles and showed that follicles and surrounding regions may be targeted by optimised formulations for specific treatments.
Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018;31:252–260

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Scholar : These new articles for American Review of Canadian Studies are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for American Review of Canadian Studies and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Transnational Spatial Dimensions of Colombian–Canadian Relations in the Era of Capitalist Expansionism Stefano Tijerina Pages: 1-18 | DOI: 10.1080/02722011.2018.1489953 Do you have original research that relates to present-day Japan and its recent historical development? Contemporary Japan welcomes your submissions. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Aphasiology are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Aphasiology and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Review Article A review of lexical retrieval intervention in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms of change, generalisation, and cognition Ashleigh Beales, Anne Whitworth & Jade Cartwright Pages: 1-28 | DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2018.1491192 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Issue Information

Molecular Oral Microbiology, Volume 33, Issue 4, Page i-iv, August 2018.


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Molecular genetics of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in Chinese patients

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print


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Heritability of Regional Brain Volumes in Large-Scale Neuroimaging and Genetic Studies

Abstract

Brain genetics is an active research area. The degree to which genetic variants impact variations in brain structure and function remains largely unknown. We examined the heritability of regional brain volumes (P ~ 100) captured by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in UK Biobank (n ~ 9000). We found that regional brain volumes are highly heritable in this study population and common genetic variants can explain up to 80% of their variabilities (median heritability 34.8%). We observed omnigenic impact across the genome and examined the enrichment of SNPs in active chromatin regions. Principal components derived from regional volume data are also highly heritable, but the amount of variance in brain volume explained by the component did not seem to be related to its heritability. Heritability estimates vary substantially across large-scale functional networks, exhibit a symmetric pattern across left and right hemispheres, and are consistent in females and males (correlation = 0.638). We repeated the main analysis in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n ~ 1100), Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n ~ 600), and Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (n ~ 500) datasets, which demonstrated that more stable estimates can be obtained from the UK Biobank.

https://ift.tt/2JePsI0

Audio-Tactile and Peripersonal Space Processing Around the Trunk in Human Parietal and Temporal Cortex: An Intracranial EEG Study

Abstract

Interactions with the environment happen within one's peripersonal space (PPS)—the space surrounding the body. Studies in monkeys and humans have highlighted a multisensory distributed cortical network representing the PPS. However, knowledge about the temporal dynamics of PPS processing around the trunk is lacking. Here, we recorded intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in humans while administering tactile stimulation (T), approaching auditory stimuli (A), and the 2 combined (AT). To map PPS, tactile stimulation was delivered when the sound was far, intermediate, or close to the body. The 19% of the electrodes showed AT multisensory integration. Among those, 30% showed a PPS effect, a modulation of the response as a function of the distance between the sound and body. AT multisensory integration and PPS effects had similar spatiotemporal characteristics, with an early response (~50 ms) in the insular cortex, and later responses (~200 ms) in precentral and postcentral gyri. Superior temporal cortex showed a different response pattern with AT multisensory integration at ~100 ms without a PPS effect. These results, represent the first iEEG delineation of PPS processing in humans and show that PPS and multisensory integration happen at similar neural sites and time periods, suggesting that PPS representation is based on a spatial modulation of multisensory integration.

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Synaptic Mechanisms for Bandwidth Tuning in Awake Mouse Primary Auditory Cortex

Abstract

Spatial size tuning in the visual cortex has been considered as an important neuronal functional property for sensory perception. However, an analogous mechanism in the auditory system has remained controversial. In the present study, cell-attached recordings in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of awake mice revealed that excitatory neurons can be categorized into three types according to their bandwidth tuning profiles in response to band-passed noise (BPN) stimuli: nonmonotonic (NM), flat, and monotonic, with the latter two considered as non-tuned for bandwidth. The prevalence of bandwidth-tuned (i.e., NM) neurons increases significantly from layer 4 to layer 2/3. With sequential cell-attached and whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings from the same neurons, we found that the bandwidth preference of excitatory neurons is largely determined by the excitatory synaptic input they receive, and that the bandwidth selectivity is further enhanced by flatly tuned inhibition observed in all cells. The latter can be attributed at least partially to the flat tuning of parvalbumin inhibitory neurons. The tuning of auditory cortical neurons for bandwidth of BPN may contribute to the processing of complex sounds.

https://ift.tt/2LekUI2

Effects of Nd:YAG low-level laser irradiation on cultured human osteoblasts migration and ATP production: in vitro study

Abstract

Low-level laser therapy has become one of the fastest growing fields of medicine in recent years. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that laser irradiation activates a range of cellular processes in a variety of cell types and can promote tissue repair. However, few in vitro experiments have evaluated the effects of laser irradiation on cells in real time. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on the migration of cultured human osteoblasts. A dedicated 96-well plate was used, and confluent cultures of the human osteoblast-like cell line, Saos-2, were injured with a wound maker. The wounded cells were then exposed to the Nd:YAG laser (wavelength of 1064 nm) for 60 s at 0.3 W (10 pps, 30 mJ). The total energy density was about 10.34 J/cm². Images of the wounds were automatically acquired inside the CO₂ incubator by the IncuCyte ZOOM™ software. In addition, after laser irradiation, the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured using the CellTiter-Glo™ Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. Migration of cells from the border of the original scratch zone was accelerated by laser irradiation. In addition, compared with the control group, significant enhancement of ATP production was observed in the irradiated group. The present study showed that Nd:YAG laser irradiation (wavelength of 1064 nm, 0.3 W, 10 pps, 30 mJ, 10.34 J/cm², irradiation time 60 s) may contribute to the regeneration of bone tissues owing to enhanced osteoblast cell migration.

https://ift.tt/2mf7PmR