Application of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration in Critical-Sized Defects

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To discuss tissue bioengineering for critical-sized bone defects. To review the current stem cells that are in use and to describe the importance of an animal model for studying critical-sized bone defects.

Recent Findings

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well investigated. Recently, other sources of MSCs have been identified and studied in critical-sized bone defects. As for animal models, several have been used to evaluate the use of stem cells in promoting regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. This review specifically focuses on one of the most widely used and accepted models, the rodent calvarium.

Summary

Stem cell therapy is promising for bone regeneration, especially for critical-sized bone defects. Additional studies are needed to better understand both the properties and mechanisms of the different types of stem cells, and to develop animal models that mimic human biology.

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Date palm ash-MgAl-layered double hydroxide composite: sustainable adsorbent for effective removal of methyl orange and eriochrome black-T from aqueous phase

Abstract

Date palm ash (DPA) and MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The DPA-MgAl-LDH (DPA/MgAl) composites were employed for the removal of methyl orange (MO) and eriochrome black-T (EBT) from aqueous phase. Incorporation of 33.33% (w/w) DPA into the layers of MgAl increased the surface area from 44.46 to 140.65 m²/g, which leads to the improved adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of DPA/MgAl (1:2) at 298 K was 242.98 and 425.16 (mg/g) for MO and EBT, respectively. The adsorption data of dyes were adequately fitted by a pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm model. The composite showed excellent reusability performance up to three cycles. Addition of DPA into MgAl-LDH resulted in an effective low-cost adsorbent for decontamination of dyes from wastewater.

Graphical abstract

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Low-power laser alters mRNA levels from DNA repair genes in acute lung injury induced by sepsis in Wistar rats

Abstract

Acute lung injury (ALI) is defined as respiratory failure syndrome, in which the pathogenesis could occur from sepsis making it a life-threatening disease by uncontrolled hyperinflammatory responses. A possible treatment for ALI is the use of low-power infrared lasers (LPIL), whose therapeutical effects depend on wavelength, power, fluence, and emission mode. The evaluation mRNA levels of repair gene related to oxidative damage after exposure to LPIL could provide important information about the modulation of genes as treatment for ALI. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA levels from OGG1, APEX1, ERCC2, and ERCC1 genes in lung tissue from Wistar rats affected by ALI and after exposure to LPIL (808 nm; 100 mW). Adult male Wistar rats (n = 30) were randomized into six groups (n = 5, for each group): control, 10 J/cm² (2 J), 20 J/cm² (5 J), ALI, ALI + LPIL 10 J/cm² and ALI + LPIL 20 J/cm². ALI was induced by intraperitoneal E. coli lipopolysaccharide injection (10 mg/kg). Lungs were removed, and samples were withdrawn for total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and mRNA levels were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Data normality was verified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, comparisons among groups were by Student's t test, Mann-Whitney test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis followed by post-tests. Data showed that OGG1 (0.39 ± 0.10), ERCC2 (0.67 ± 0.24), and ERCC1 (0.60 ± 0.19) mRNA levels are reduced in ALI group when compared with the control group (1.00 ± 0.07, 1.03 ± 0.25, 1.01 ± 0.16, respectively) and, after LPIL, mRNA relative levels from DNA repair genes are altered when compared to non-exposed ALI group. Our research shows that ALI alter mRNA levels from genes related to base and nucleotide excision repair genes, suggesting that DNA repair is part of cell response to sepsis, and that photobiomodulation could modulate the mRNA levels from these genes in lung tissue.

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Nutrients and non-essential elements in edible crops following long-term mineral and compost fertilization of a Mediterranean agricultural soil

Abstract

The effects of long-term soil fertilizations on nutrient and non-essential element concentrations in edible parts of three crops important in human diet were investigated repeating four treatments (biowaste compost, biowaste compost plus mineral nitrogen, mineral NPK, unfertilized control) for seven consecutive years (2007–2014). Fruits of Solanum lycopersicum cv San Marzano collected in 2011 and 2012, bulbs of Allium cepa cv Bianca di Pompei collected in 2012 and 2013, and bulbs of Foeniculum vulgare cv Orbit collected in 2014 were analyzed. Wide variations in element concentrations were observed along time and among species, with Ca, K, Mg, and Na higher in fennel bulbs and Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn higher in tomato fruits, where Cd reached concentrations up to ninefold higher than the permitted values (EU Regulation n. 488/2014). Despite the enrichments in soil total Cu and available Cd, Fe, K, Mn, and Zn concentrations due to long-term fertilization with biowaste compost (alone or with mineral fertilizers), plants showed lower micronutrient and non-essential element concentrations in respect to those on unfertilized soils. Considering the potential toxicity for human beings of these mobile and persistent elements, the obtained findings reassure on the safe use of biowaste compost in agriculture. Overall, this study suggests the use of compost as the most advisable fertilization practice and highlights the need of multiple crops analysis in evaluating the effects of long-term soil fertilization on their chemical composition.

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Clinical Thyroidology®High-Impact Articles

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers and the American Thyroid Association salute Jerry Hershman, MD for his superb leadership and years as Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Thyroidology. We are pleased to welcome our new incoming editor in 2019, Angela Leung, MD, and wish her well in this important new role.

We invite you to read these top-read papers with free access through October 19, 2018.
Read Now:

The Increased Incidence of Thyroid Cancer Is Worldwide
Jerome M. Hershman 

No Benefit of Levothyroxine Among Pregnant Hypothyroid and/or Hypothyroxinemic Women on Offspring IQ at Age 9 years
Angela M. Leung 

Surgery for Hyperthyroidism Lowers Cardiovascular Mortality Compared with Radioactive Iodine
Andrew J. Day, Michael W. Yeh, Masha J. Livhits 

Does Normal TSH Mean Euthyroidism in L-T4 Treatment?
Jacques Orgiazzi 

Most "Recurrences" of Thyroid Cancer Represent Persistent Rather Than Recurrent Disease
Martin Biermann and Katrin Brauckhoff 

Validation of American Thyroid Association Ultrasound Risk Assessment of Thyroid Nodules Selected for Ultrasound Fine-Needle Aspiration
Stephanie A. Fish 

 

The post Clinical Thyroidology^®High-Impact Articles appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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VideoEndocrinology™ High-Impact Videos

VideoEndocrinology™
The Official Journal of: American Thyroid Association

FREE ACCESS through October 20, 2018.
Watch now:

Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration and Smearing Techniques
Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Ayana Suzuki, Akira Miyauchi

Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Smear Preparation
Juan Munoz Pena, Jeffrey Arnold 

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach
Angkoon Anuwong, Thanyawat Sasanakietkul, Pornpeera Jitpratoom 

An Elusive Parathyroid: Interesting Case Presentation
Anton F. Engelsman, Robert F. Parkyn, Andrew Carter, James Christie, Leigh W. Delbridge 

Delphian Lymph Node Dissection: Surgical Dissection Technique as Illustrated by the Johns Hopkins Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery Division
Vaninder K. Dhillon, Jonathon O. Russell, Ralph P. Tufano 

 

The post VideoEndocrinology™ High-Impact Videos appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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Epigenome-wide association study of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: Identifying DNA methylation signatures associated with interferon-related genes based on ethnicity and SLEDAI

Publication date: Available online 7 October 2018

Source: Journal of Autoimmunity

Author(s): Stancy Joseph, Nysia I. George, Bridgett Green-Knox, Edward L. Treadwell, Beverly Word, Sarah Yim, Beverly Lyn-Cook

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by the involvement of multiple organs and the production of antinuclear antibodies. DNA methylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus. We have performed an epigenome-wide DNA methylation study in lupus and healthy control (non-lupus) subjects to identify epigenetic patterns in lupus characterized ethnicity and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). A total of fifty-seven lupus patients (39 African American (AA) and 18 European American (EA)) and 33 healthy controls (17 AA and 16 EA) were studied. Differential DNA methylation between lupus patients and controls was assessed for approximately 485,000 CpG sites across the genome. We identified 41 differentially methylated sites (associated with 30 genes) between lupus and control s subjects, 85% of which were hypomethylated. Significant hypomethylation of differentially methylated sites was associated with several interferon-related genes, including MX1, IFI44L, PARP9, DT3XL, IFIT1, IFI44, RSAD2, PLSCR1, and IRF7. Several of these associated genes were also hypomethylated in comparisons between AA lupus and AA non-lupus subjects and between lupus patients with SLEDAI>6 and non-lupus subjects. Our analysis of gene expression data through RT-PCR confirmed these findings. Thus, the results indicate epigenetics susceptibility in lupus, which may be associated with SLEDAI score and ethnicity. In addition, our findings support the importance of the Type 1 interferon pathway in lupus pathogenesis.

https://ift.tt/2yj369F

Restricted self-diffusion of adsorbed water in MIL-100(Al)

Publication date: Available online 7 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Tobias Splith, Frank Stallmach

Abstract

An extended two-site exchange model is presented, which is used to evaluate pulsed field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of water in the nanoporous metal-organic framework MIL-100(Al). Here the water molecules exchange between the inter- and the intracrystalline space during the observation time, but are also restricted in their movement by the crystal surface. The evaluation of temperature and loading dependent PFG NMR data yields information about the intracrystalline diffusion process, the radius of the restricting geometry and the time constants of the exchange process. The intracrystalline mean residence time is found to decrease with increasing temperature, which allows an estimate of the heat of adsorption under the equilibrium conditions of the NMR measurements.

https://ift.tt/2IGcxEM

In situ reaction monitoring in heterogeneous catalysts by a benchtop NMR spectrometer

Publication date: Available online 6 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Markus Leutzsch, Andrew J. Sederman, Lynn F. Gladden, Michael D. Mantle

Abstract

Understanding the reactivity and mass transport properties of porous heterogenous catalysts is important for the development of new materials. Whereas MRI has previously been used to correlate chemical kinetics and hydrodynamics under operando conditions, this paper demonstrates that a modern benchtop NMR spectrometer is a suitable alternative to obtain diverse reaction information in porous heterogeneous catalyst materials on a smaller scale. Besides information about the chemical conversion within the pores, it can also be used to study changes of surface interaction by T₁/T₂ NMR relaxometry techniques and changes in mass transport by PFG NMR from a single chemical reaction.

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Scholar : These new articles for Comedy Studies are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Comedy Studies and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Book Review Russell Brand: Comedy, Celebrity, Politics Sophie Quirk Pages: 1-2 | DOI: 10.1080/2040610X.2018.1494362 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Predicting outcomes and complications following radioiodine therapy in Graves’ thyrotoxicosis

Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Clearance of facial tattoo with triple‐wavelength picosecond laser and fractionated carbon dioxide laser

Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Aged human skin accumulates mast cells with altered functionality which localise to macrophage and VIP+ nerve fibres

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


https://ift.tt/2zVjoaw

Effects of psychosocial interventions on patient‐reported outcomes in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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