Anti-inflammatory effect of glucose-lysine Maillard reaction products on intestinal inflammation model in vivo

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 52
Author(s): Chung-Oui Hong, Chae Hong Rhee, Min Cheol Pyo, Kwang-Won Lee
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic disorders that are characterized by intestinal epithelial inflammation and injury. Currently, the most employed therapies are antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs; however, the side effects limit long-term effectiveness. We evaluated the impact of glucose-lysine Maillard reaction products (Glc-Lys MRPs) on colitis, induced in rats by an administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. Glc-Lys MRPs ameliorate DSS-induced colitis, as determined by a decrease in disease index activity, colon weight/length ratio, nitric oxide levels in serum, recovery of body weight loss, colon length and serum lysozyme levels. Furthermore, Glc-Lys MRPs increase the glutathione content and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and inhibit lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity in colon tissues. In particular, Glc-Lys MRPs suppress the mRNA level of the inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-κB in colon tissues. This study suggests the potential of Glc-Lys MRPs in preventing or treating IBDs.



http://ift.tt/2xUjJKw

Low-dose combined exposure of nanoparticles and heavy metal compared with PM 2.5 in human myocardial AC16 cells

Abstract

The co-exposure toxicity mechanism of ultrafine particles and pollutants on human cardiovascular system are still unclear. In this study, the combined effects of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and/or carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) with Pb(AC)₂ compared with particulate matter (PM)_2.5 were investigated in human myocardial cells (AC16). Our study detected three different combinations of SiNPs and Pb(AC)₂, CBNPs and Pb(AC)₂, and SiNPs and CBNPs compared with PM_2.5 at low-dose exposure. Using PM_2.5 as positive control, our results suggested that the combination of SiNPs and Pb(AC)₂/CBNPs could increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH); induce inflammation by the upregulation of protein CRP and TNF-α, and apoptosis by the upregulation of protein caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax while the downregulation of protein Bcl-2; and trigger G2/M phase arrest by the upregulation of protein Chk2 and downregulation of protein Cdc2 and cyclin B1. In addition, the combination of CBNPs and Pb(AC)₂ induced a significant increase in MDA and reduced the activities of ROS, LDH, SOD, and GSH, with G1/S phase arrest via upregulation of Chk1 and downregulation of CDK6 and cyclin D1. Our data suggested that the additive interaction and synergistic interaction are the major interaction in co-exposure system, and PM_2.5 could trigger more severe oxidative stress, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis than either co-exposure or single exposure.

http://ift.tt/2xhg1uW

Erratum to: Sub-chronic exposure to low concentration of dibutyl phthalate affects anthropometric parameters and markers of obesity in rats

Abstract

The correct name of the 1st and corresponding Author is Khalid Abdul Majeed.

http://ift.tt/2fLGGoB

A high-resolution air pollutants emission inventory in 2013 for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 170
Author(s): Ji Qi, Bo Zheng, Meng Li, Fang Yu, Chuchu Chen, Fei Liu, Xiafei Zhou, Jing Yuan, Qiang Zhang, Kebin He
We developed a high-resolution Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) regional air pollutants emission inventory for the year 2013. The inventory was established using a bottom-up approach based on facility-level activity data obtained from multiple data sources. The estimates from the BTH 2013 emission inventory show that the total emissions of SO2, NOX, PM2.5, PM10, CO, NMVOC, NH3, BC, and OC were 2,305, 2,686, 1,090, 1,494, 20,567, 2,207, 623, 160, and 254 Gg, respectively. The industry sector is the largest emissions source for SO2, NOX, PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NMVOC in the BTH region, contributing 72.6%, 43.7%, 59.6%, 64.7%, 60.3%, and 70.4% of the total emissions, respectively. Power plants contributed 11.8% and 23.3% of the total SO2 and NOX emissions, respectively. The transportation sector contributed 28.9% of the total NOX emissions. Emissions from the residential sector accounted for 31.3%, 21.5%, 46.6% and 71.7% of the total PM2.5, NMVOC, BC and OC emissions, respectively. In addition, more than 90% of the total NH3 emissions originate from the agriculture sector, with 44.2% from fertilizer use and 47.7% from livestock. The spatial distribution results illustrate that air pollutant emissions are mainly distributed over the eastern and southern BTH regions. Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan are the major contributors of air pollutants. The major NMVOC species in the BTH region are ethylene, acetylene, ethane and toluene. Ethylene is the biggest contributor in Tianjin and Hebei. The largest contributor in Beijing is toluene. There is relatively low uncertainty in SO2 and NOX emission estimates, medium uncertainty in PM2.5, PM10 and CO emission estimates, and high uncertainties in VOC, NH3, BC and OC emission estimates. The proposed policy recommendations, based on the BTH 2013 emission inventory, would be helpful to develop strategies for air pollution control.



http://ift.tt/2yIQxmy

Development of an environmental chamber for evaluating the performance of low-cost air quality sensors under controlled conditions

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment
Author(s): Vasileios Papapostolou, Hang Zhang, Brandon J. Feenstra, Andrea Polidori
A state-of-the-art integrated chamber system has been developed for evaluating the performance of low-cost air quality sensors. The system contains two professional grade chamber enclosures. A 1.3 m³ stainless-steel outer chamber and a 0.11 m³ Teflon-coated stainless-steel inner chamber are used to create controlled aerosol and gaseous atmospheres, respectively. Both chambers are temperature and relative humidity controlled with capability to generate a wide range of environmental conditions. The system is equipped with an integrated zero-air system, an ozone and two aerosol generation systems, a dynamic dilution calibrator, certified gas cylinders, an array of Federal Reference Method (FRM), Federal Equivalent Method (FEM), and Best Available Technology (BAT) reference instruments and an automated control and sequencing software. Our experiments have demonstrated that the chamber system is capable of generating stable and reproducible aerosol and gas concentrations at low, medium, and high levels. This paper discusses the development of the chamber system along with the methods used to quantitatively evaluate sensor performance. Considering that a significant number of academic and research institutions, government agencies, public and private institutions, and individuals are becoming interested in developing and using low-cost air quality sensors, it is important to standardize the procedures used to evaluate their performance. The information discussed herein provides a roadmap for entities who are interested in characterizing air quality sensors in a rigorous, systematic and reproducible manner.

Graphical abstract

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Development of a practical animal model of photodynamic therapy using a high concentration of extracellular talaporfin sodium in interstitial fluid: influence of albumin animal species on myocardial cell photocytotoxicity in vitro

Abstract

Photodynamic reaction-induced photocytotoxicity using talaporfin sodium is inhibited by serum proteins binding to talaporfin sodium. The serum albumin binding site for talaporfin sodium differs among animal species. To identify a practical animal therapeutic model, we studied the ability of human, canine, bovine, and porcine albumin to influence talaporfin sodium-induced photocytotoxicity in rat myocardial cells in vitro. Human, canine, bovine, and porcine serum albumins were used. The ratio of talaporfin sodium binding, which is strongly associated with photocytotoxicity, was measured by ultrafiltration with an albumin concentration of 0.5–20 mg/ml and 20 μg/ml talaporfin sodium to mimic interstitial fluid. Rat myocardial cell lethality was measured by the WST assay 2 h after samples were exposed to a radiant exposure of 20 J/cm² by a red diode laser (Optical Fuel™, Sony, Tokyo, Japan) with a wavelength of 663 nm. The binding ratio dependence on albumin concentration differed among the animal species. Bovine albumin exhibited the largest difference from human albumin, with a maximum difference of 31% at 2 mg/ml albumin. The cell lethality characteristic was similar between human and canine albumin. The cell lethality dependence on albumin was not in the same order as the binding ratio. Cell lethality was lowest for human albumin with higher albumin concentrations between 5 and 20 mg/ml. There were no significant differences in cell lethality between bovine and porcine albumin and between human and canine albumin. We suggest that the canine model may be a useful animal therapeutic model for evaluating photodynamic therapy using a high concentration of the photosensitizer in the extracellular space.

http://ift.tt/2y0eAjc

Enrollment of Neonates in More Than One Clinical Trial

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2017
Source:Clinical Therapeutics
Author(s): Jonathan M. Davis, Gerri R. Baer, Ronald Portman, Robert Nelson, Linda Storari, Jacob V. Aranda, Ralph Bax, Anne Zajicek, Agnes Klein, Mark Turner, Simin Baygani, Merran Thomson, Karel Allegaert
Because the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in neonates are seen in those born at <32 weeks' gestation, this group has the most urgent need for novel therapies to improve survival and outcome. Legislative efforts in the United States and Europe have attempted to address this issue by requiring the study of drugs, biological and nutritional products, devices, and other therapies in this population through a combination of high-quality regulatory and clinical trials, quality improvement initiatives, and observational studies. Because there are relatively small numbers of very preterm neonates born each year in any 1 country or continent, and because a significant number of clinical trials are recruiting at any 1 time, a neonate may meet enrollment criteria for >1 clinical trial. Neonatal units that have the infrastructure and resources to engage in research frequently face the question of whether it is permissible to enroll a neonate in >1 trial. This article examines the pertinent scientific, ethical, regulatory, and industry issues that should be taken into account when considering enrolling neonates in multiple clinical studies.



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Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of the Phase II and Phase III Capsule Formulations of Selumetinib and the Effects of Food on Exposure: Results From Two Randomized Crossover Trials in Healthy Male Subjects

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2017
Source:Clinical Therapeutics
Author(s): Helen Tomkinson, Eileen McBride, Paul Martin, Eleanor Lisbon, Angela W. Dymond, Mireille Cantarini, Karen So, David Holt
PurposeSelumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886), an oral, potent, and highly selective mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 inhibitor with a short half-life, has shown activity across various tumor types. Before initiation of Phase III trials, the site, scale, and color (hypromellose shell from white [Phase II] to blue [Phase III]) of the selumetinib 25mg capsule manufacture was changed. We present 2 crossover trials evaluating Phase III capsules in healthy subjects.MethodsThe relative bioavailability trial was a Phase I, open-label, randomized, 3-treatment, 4-period, 6-sequence crossover trial in healthy male subjects (aged 18–55 years). Subjects received selumetinib 75mg (3 × 25 mg) Phase II or Phase III capsules, or a 35mg oral solution, during 4 dosing periods in 1 of 6 randomized treatment sequences. The food effect trial was a Phase I, open-label, randomized, 2-period crossover trial in healthy male subjects (aged 18–45 years). Subjects were randomized to 1 of 2 sequences to receive selumetinib 75mg (3 × 25 mg) Phase III capsules. In sequence 1, subjects received selumetinib after 10 hours of fasting. Following a washout period, selumetinib was administered after a high-fat meal. In sequence 2, subjects received selumetinib in the fed state, before the fasted state. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from serial blood sampling.FindingsTwenty-seven subjects were randomized to the relative bioavailability trial; 26 completed all dosing periods. Mean selumetinib AUC was unchanged (geometric least squares mean ratio [GLSMR], 90.01% [90% CI, 81.74–99.11]). Cmax was 18% lower with the Phase III capsules (GLSMR, 81.97% [90% CI, 69.01–97.36]). A post hoc exploratory statistical analysis excluding outlying observations with later Tmax showed that Phase II and III capsules produced similar exposure in terms of Cmax and AUC. High intrasubject variability for Cmax attributed to the pharmacokinetic sampling schedule was judged to have impacted on the estimated GLSMR. In the food effect trial, 34 subjects completed both study periods. A high-fat meal reduced selumetinib Cmax compared with the fasted state (GLSMR, 49.76% [90% CI, 43.82–56.51]); AUC was minimally changed (GLSMR, 84.08% [90% CI, 80.72–87.59]). Median Tmax was prolonged by 1.49 hours. No deaths or serious adverse events were reported.ImplicationsSelumetinib 75mg (3 × 25 mg) Phase III capsules are being used in ongoing pivotal Phase III trials and should be administered in the fasted state. Based on findings from the relative bioavailability trial, pharmacokinetic sampling frequency was increased for healthy subject trials, including the food effect trial. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01635023 (relative bioavailability) and NCT01974349 (food effect).



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Economic growth and CO 2 emissions: an investigation with smooth transition autoregressive distributed lag models for the 1800–2014 period in the USA

Abstract

The study aims to combine the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration framework with smooth transition autoregressive (STAR)-type nonlinear econometric models for causal inference. Further, the proposed STAR distributed lag (STARDL) models offer new insights in terms of modeling nonlinearity in the long- and short-run relations between analyzed variables. The STARDL method allows modeling and testing nonlinearity in the short-run and long-run parameters or both in the short- and long-run relations. To this aim, the relation between CO₂ emissions and economic growth rates in the USA is investigated for the 1800–2014 period, which is one of the largest data sets available. The proposed hybrid models are the logistic, exponential, and second-order logistic smooth transition autoregressive distributed lag (LSTARDL, ESTARDL, and LSTAR2DL) models combine the STAR framework with nonlinear ARDL-type cointegration to augment the linear ARDL approach with smooth transitional nonlinearity. The proposed models provide a new approach to the relevant econometrics and environmental economics literature. Our results indicated the presence of asymmetric long-run and short-run relations between the analyzed variables that are from the GDP towards CO₂ emissions. By the use of newly proposed STARDL models, the results are in favor of important differences in terms of the response of CO₂ emissions in regimes 1 and 2 for the estimated LSTAR2DL and LSTARDL models.

http://ift.tt/2fSgyMt

The Burgeoning World of Immunometabolites: Th17 Cells Take Center Stage

Publication date: 3 October 2017
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 26, Issue 4
Author(s): Glenn R. Bantug, Christoph Hess
Dysregulation of the Th17/Treg balance is a key driver of autoimmunity. A new study by Xu et al. (2017) has revealed that small-molecule inhibition of 2-hydroxyglutarate synthesis skews Th17 differentiation to the Treg lineage, which is protective against autoimmune inflammation.

Teaser

Dysregulation of the Th17/Treg balance is a key driver of autoimmunity. A new study by Xu et al. has revealed that small-molecule inhibition of 2-hydroxyglutarate synthesis skews Th17 differentiation to the Treg lineage, which is protective against autoimmune inflammation.


http://ift.tt/2fM9uNE

TREM2: Keeping Microglia Fit during Good Times and Bad

Publication date: 3 October 2017
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 26, Issue 4
Author(s): Soyon Hong, Beth Stevens
Microglia are the macrophages of the brain and play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Cell, Ulland et al. (2017) recently reported that mutations in TREM2, a protein implicated in AD, disrupt microglial energy state and function, thus sabotaging the microglia's ability to defend the brain against amyloid plaques.

Teaser

Microglia are the macrophages of the brain and play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Cell, Ulland et al. (2017) recently reported that mutations in TREM2, a protein implicated in AD, disrupt microglial energy state and function, thus sabotaging the microglia's ability to defend the brain against amyloid plaques.


http://ift.tt/2y0xRRN

Slowing Down Aging

Publication date: 3 October 2017
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 26, Issue 4
Author(s): Katharina Meyer, Bruce A. Yankner
The hypothalamus plays a key role in coordinating the physiological changes that underlie mammalian aging. In a recent issue of Nature, Cai and colleagues (2017) shed new light on the mechanism of this effect by providing evidence that hypothalamic stem cells may regulate aging through the release of microRNAs in exosomes.

Teaser

The hypothalamus plays a key role in coordinating the physiological changes that underlie mammalian aging. In a recent issue of Nature, Cai and colleagues (2017) shed new light on the mechanism of this effect by providing evidence that hypothalamic stem cells may regulate aging through the release of microRNAs in exosomes.


http://ift.tt/2fLV1Bo

Metabolic Disease Therapies

Publication date: 3 October 2017
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 26, Issue 4

In anticipation of our upcoming Cell Symposium on Metabolic Disease Therapies in San Diego, CA, on October 15^th–17^th (http://ift.tt/2fKf4Qs), the speakers and organizers share their perspectives on why now, more than ever, cutting-edge research is needed to support effective therapies to combat metabolic disease.

Teaser

In anticipation of our upcoming Cell Symposium on Metabolic Disease Therapies in San Diego, CA, on October 15^th–17^th (http://ift.tt/2fKf4Qs), the speakers and organizers share their perspectives on why now, more than ever, cutting-edge research is needed to support effective therapies to combat metabolic disease.


http://ift.tt/2y0No40

Antigen-Specific Peptide Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Proof of Safety, Hope for Efficacy

Publication date: 3 October 2017
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 26, Issue 4
Author(s): Ken Coppieters, Matthias von Herrath
Antigen-specific immunotherapy has long been hailed as the ideal disease-modifying approach for type 1 diabetes, both for disease prevention and reversal. A small phase 1 trial now demonstrates safety of a peptide-based treatment in recently diagnosed adults.

Teaser

Antigen-specific immunotherapy has long been hailed as the ideal disease-modifying approach for type 1 diabetes, both for disease prevention and reversal. A small phase 1 trial now demonstrates safety of a peptide-based treatment in recently diagnosed adults.


http://ift.tt/2y0qEB7

Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity after Lean Donor Feces in Metabolic Syndrome Is Driven by Baseline Intestinal Microbiota Composition

Publication date: 3 October 2017
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 26, Issue 4
Author(s): Ruud S. Kootte, Evgeni Levin, Jarkko Salojärvi, Loek P. Smits, Annick V. Hartstra, Shanti D. Udayappan, Gerben Hermes, Kristien E. Bouter, Annefleur M. Koopen, Jens J. Holst, Filip K. Knop, Ellen E. Blaak, Jing Zhao, Hauke Smidt, Amy C. Harms, Thomas Hankemeijer, Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman, Hans A. Romijn, Frank G. Schaap, Steven W.M. Olde Damink, Mariette T. Ackermans, Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie, Erwin Zoetendal, Willem M. de Vos, Mireille J. Serlie, Erik S.G. Stroes, Albert K. Groen, Max Nieuwdorp
The intestinal microbiota has been implicated in insulin resistance, although evidence regarding causality in humans is scarce. We therefore studied the effect of lean donor (allogenic) versus own (autologous) fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to male recipients with the metabolic syndrome. Whereas we did not observe metabolic changes at 18 weeks after FMT, insulin sensitivity at 6 weeks after allogenic FMT was significantly improved, accompanied by altered microbiota composition. We also observed changes in plasma metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid and show that metabolic response upon allogenic FMT (defined as improved insulin sensitivity 6 weeks after FMT) is dependent on decreased fecal microbial diversity at baseline. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of lean donor FMT on glucose metabolism are associated with changes in intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites and can be predicted based on baseline fecal microbiota composition.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Kootte et al. show that fecal microbiota transplantation from lean donors to obese patients with metabolic syndrome improves insulin sensitivity, a transient effect associated with changes in microbiota composition and fasting plasma metabolites. Baseline fecal microbiota composition in recipients predicts the response to lean donor fecal microbiota transplantation.


http://ift.tt/2fMPVVk

MYC and MCL1 Cooperatively Promote Chemotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells via Regulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

Publication date: 3 October 2017
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 26, Issue 4
Author(s): Kyung-min Lee, Jennifer M. Giltnane, Justin M. Balko, Luis J. Schwarz, Angel L. Guerrero-Zotano, Katherine E. Hutchinson, Mellissa J. Nixon, Mónica V. Estrada, Violeta Sánchez, Melinda E. Sanders, Taekyu Lee, Henry Gómez, Ana Lluch, J. Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo, Melissa Magdalene Wolf, Gabriela Andrejeva, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Stephen W. Fesik, Carlos L. Arteaga
Most patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) develop drug resistance. MYC and MCL1 are frequently co-amplified in drug-resistant TNBC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Herein, we demonstrate that MYC and MCL1 cooperate in the maintenance of chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) in TNBC. MYC and MCL1 increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), processes involved in maintenance of CSCs. A mutant of MCL1 that cannot localize in mitochondria reduced mtOXPHOS, ROS levels, and drug-resistant CSCs without affecting the anti-apoptotic function of MCL1. Increased levels of ROS, a by-product of activated mtOXPHOS, led to the accumulation of HIF-1α. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α attenuated CSC enrichment and tumor initiation in vivo. These data suggest that (1) MYC and MCL1 confer resistance to chemotherapy by expanding CSCs via mtOXPHOS and (2) targeting mitochondrial respiration and HIF-1α may reverse chemotherapy resistance in TNBC.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

MYC and MCL1 are co-amplified in drug-resistant breast cancer. Lee et al. reveal that MYC and MCL1 cooperate to maintain cancer stem cells (CSCs) resistant to chemotherapy by increasing mitochondrial OXPHOS, ROS production, and HIF-1α expression. Inhibition of HIF-1α blocks CSC expansion and restores chemotherapy sensitivity.


http://ift.tt/2fLsdJb

Genetic Depletion of Adipocyte Creatine Metabolism Inhibits Diet-Induced Thermogenesis and Drives Obesity

Publication date: 3 October 2017
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 26, Issue 4
Author(s): Lawrence Kazak, Edward T. Chouchani, Gina Z. Lu, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Curtis J. Bare, Amir I. Mina, Manju Kumari, Song Zhang, Ivan Vuckovic, Dina Laznik-Bogoslavski, Petras Dzeja, Alexander S. Banks, Evan D. Rosen, Bruce M. Spiegelman




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Facilitating electroconvulsive therapy seizure induction: Lower pulse frequency or longer stimulus duration?

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2017
Source:Brain Stimulation
Author(s): Chittaranjan Andrade




http://ift.tt/2y2whPy

Frequent immunoglobulin G4 expression in a common variant of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma

Abstract

Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 expression was recently observed in a proportion of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL) with plasmacytic differentiation. IgG4-related disease is characterised by polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with IgG4 expression, storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis in histopathology. Here we report three cases of common variants of PCMZL with predominant and varied IgG4 expression, suggesting there is an underlying clonal progression between these two entities.

http://ift.tt/2xgyLuN

Growth promoting potential of fresh and stored Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in improving seedling vigor, growth and productivity of wheat crop

Abstract

Wheat is staple food of region, as it contributes 60% of daily caloric intake, but its delayed sowing reduces yield due to short life span. Moringa leaf extract (MLE) is considered to improve growth and development of field crops. Study comprised of two experiments. First experiment, freshly extracted MLE and in combination with growth-promoting substances were stored at two temperature regimes. Chemical analysis, after 1, 2, and 3 months' storage period, showed that phenolics and ascorbic acid concentrations decreased with increasing storage period. Fresh extracts improved speed and spread of emergence and seedling vigor. Effectiveness of MLE in terms of phenolics and ascorbate concentrations was highest up to 1 month which decreased with prolonged storage. Growth enhancing potential of MLE also reduced with increasing storage duration. Under field conditions, the bio-efficacy of these fresh and stored MLE was compared when applied as foliar spray at tillering and booting stages of wheat. Foliar applied fresh MLE was the most effective in improving growth parameters. Fresh MLE enhanced biochemical and yield attributes in late sown wheat. This growth-promoting potential of MLE decreased with storage time. Application of fresh MLE helped to achieve higher economic yield.

http://ift.tt/2y26sz8

Seasonal variation of heavy metals in water and sediments in the Halda River, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract

The present study was carried out to assess the contamination levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Al, Ni, Co, Zn, Mn) in surface water and sediment of the Halda River. The observed order of heavy metal concentration in water for Al > Ni > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cd > Pb > Cr > Co > Hg (mg/l) and for sediments Al > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cu > Co > Cd > Hg (mg/kg), respectively. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Al, Ni, Co, Zn, and Mn in water, whereas in sediment Pb, Cu, Al, Ni, Co, Zn, and Mn were found above the permissible limit (WHO 2004; USEPA 2006; EPA 1986, 2002 and ECR 1997). Significant variations in the concentrations of Al and Ni were found in water (p < 0.05) while Cr, Cu, Pb, Co, Mn, and Ni showed substantial changes in sediment (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation matrix revealed anthropogenic intrusions of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Al, Ni, Co, Zn, and Mn in water and sediment. In case of water, very strong linear relationship was found in Hg vs Pb (0.941), Mn vs Zn (0.939), and Ni vs Cu (0.922) at the significance level 0.01. In sediment, very strong linear relationships were found in Mn vs Cr (0.999), Co vs Ni (0.999), Ni vs Cu (0.994), Zn vs Pb (0.993), Co vs Cu (0.992), Cu vs Cr (0.990), Mn vs Cu (0.989), Mn vs Ni (0.975), Mn vs Co (0.975), Ni vs Cr (0.974), Co vs Cr (0.972), Mn vs Pb (0.951), Cr vs Pb (0.948), Zn vs Cr (0.944), and Mn vs Zn (0.941) at the significance level 0.01 which direct that their common origin entirely from industrial effluents, municipal wastes, and agricultural activities. The study shows that seasonal water flows/water discharge (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) have an impact on the mobility of metals. Elevated levels of metals were detected during monsoon in sediments (Pb, Cr, Cu, Al, Ni, Co, Zn, Mn) and post-monsoon in water (Cd, Hg, Ni, Co, Mn). The detection of high-risk metals in the Halda River may demonstrate that metals can cause significant effects on fry and fingerlings of the Gangetic carp fishery and prawn fishery (via sub-lethal and lethal effects and bioaccumulation or secondary poisoning of metals to fish and prawn).

http://ift.tt/2gdlZTg

Improving cancer patient emergency room utilization: A New Jersey state assessment

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 51
Author(s): Anthony J. Scholer, Omar M. Mahmoud, Debopyria Ghosh, Jacob Schwartzman, Mohammed Farooq, Javier Cabrera, Robert Wieder, Nabil R. Adam, Ravi J. Chokshi
IntroductionDue to its increasing incidence and its major contribution to healthcare costs, cancer is a major public health problem in the United States. The impact across different services is not well documented and utilization of emergency departments (ED) by cancer patients is not well characterized. The aim of our study was to identify factors that can be addressed to improve the appropriate delivery of quality cancer care thereby reducing ED utilization, decreasing hospitalizations and reducing the related healthcare costs.MethodsThe New Jersey State Inpatient and Emergency Department Databases were used to identify the primary outcome variables; patient disposition and readmission rates. The independent variables were demographics, payer and clinical characteristics. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models using clinical and demographic data were used to predict hospital admission or emergency department return.ResultsA total of 37,080 emergency department visits were cancer related with the most common diagnosis attributed to lung cancer (30.0%) and the most common presentation was pain. The disposition of patients who visit the ED due to cancer related issues is significantly affected by the factors of race (African American OR=0.6, p value=0.02 and Hispanic OR=0.5, p value=0.02, respectively), age aged 65 to 75years (SNF/ICF OR 2.35, p value=0.00 and Home Healthcare Service OR 5.15, p value=0.01, respectively), number of diagnoses (OR 1.26, p value=0.00), insurance payer (SNF/ICF OR 2.2, p value=0.02 and Home Healthcare Services OR 2.85, p value=0.07, respectively) and type of cancer (breast OR 0.54, p value=0.01, prostate OR 0.56, p value=0.01, uterine OR 0.37, p value=0.02, and other OR 0.62, p value=0.05, respectively). In addition, comorbidities increased the likelihood of death, being transferred to SNF/ICF, or utilization of home healthcare services (OR 1.6, p value=0.00, OR 1.18, p value=0.00, and OR 1.16, p value=0.04, respectively). Readmission is significantly affected by race (American Americans OR 0.41, standard error 0.08, p value=0.001 and Hispanics OR 0.29, standard error 0.11, p value=0.01, respectively), income (Quartile 2 OR 0.98, standard error 0.14, p value 0.01, Quartile 3 OR 1.07, standard error 0.13, p value 0.01, and Quartile 4 OR 0.88, standard error 0.12, p value 0.01, respectively), and type of cancer (prostate OR 0.25, standard error 0.09, p value=0.001).ConclusionWeb based symptom questionnaires, patient navigators, end of life nursing and clinical cancer pathways can identify, guide and prompt early initiation of treat before progression of symptoms in cancer patients most likely to visit the ED. Thus, improving cancer patient satisfaction, outcomes and reduce health care costs.



http://ift.tt/2gdsuFi

Meta-analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and peri-operative outcomes of colorectal cancer in obese patients

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 51
Author(s): Ailin C. Rogers, Guy S. Handelman, J. Gemma Solon, Deborah A. McNamara, Joseph Deasy, John P. Burke
BackgroundThe effect of obesity on the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been clearly characterized. This meta-analysis assesses the pathological and perioperative outcomes of obese patients undergoing surgical resection for CRC.MethodsMeta-analysis was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases were searched for studies reporting outcomes for obese and non-obese patients undergoing primary CRC resection, based on body-mass index measurement. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsA total of 2183 citations were reviewed; 29 studies comprising 56,293 patients were ultimately included in the analysis, with an obesity rate of 19.3%. Obese patients with colorectal cancer were more often female (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.2, p<0.001) but there was no difference in the proportion of rectal cancers, T4 tumours, tumour differentiation or margin positivity. Obese patients were significantly more likely to have lymph node metastases (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.2, p<0.001), have a lower nodal yield, were associated with a longer duration of surgery, more blood loss and conversions to open surgery (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.0, p<0.001) but with no difference in length of stay or post-operative mortality.ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrates that obese patients undergoing resection for CRC are more likely to have node positive disease, longer surgery and higher failure rates of minimally invasive approaches. The challenges of colorectal cancer resection in obese patients are emphasized.



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Health and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in an antimony mining region: a case study from South China

Abstract

In recent years, international research on the toxicity of the heavy metal, antimony, has gradually changed focus from early medical and pharmacological toxicology to environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology. However, little research has been conducted for sources identification and risk management of heavy metals pollution by long-term antimony mining activities. In this study, a large number of investigations were conducted on the temporal and spatial distribution of antimony and related heavy metal contaminants (lead, zinc, and arsenic), as well as on the exposure risks for the population for the Yuxi river basin in the Hunan province, China. The scope of the investigations included mine water, waste rock, tailings, agricultural soil, surface water, river sediments, and groundwater sources of drinking water. Health and ecological risks from exposure to heavy metal pollution were evaluated. The main pollution sources of heavy metals in the Yuxi River basin were analyzed. Remediation programs and risk management strategies for heavy metal pollution were consequently proposed. This article provides a scientific basis for the risk assessment and management of heavy metal pollution caused by antimony basin ore mining.

http://ift.tt/2gcCNcQ

Genomic and epigenetic characterization for the comparison of synchronous bilateral tongue squamous cell carcinomas - a case report

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2017
Source:Current Problems in Cancer
Author(s): Ilda P. Ribeiro, Leonor Barroso, Francisco Marques, André Santos, Francisco Caramelo, Maria J. Julião, Joana B. Melo, Isabel M. Carreira
IntroductionThe tongue is the most common and aggressive site for tumors in the oral cavity. These tumors are usually located in the lateral border of the tongue and are often related to the use of tobacco and alcohol. Clinical management of these tumors is predominantly based on anatomic location and TNM classification. The identification of molecular signatures with ability to explain the different outcomes observed in these patients is of paramount importance to guide and help their management.Case PresentationWe herein describe an 88-year-old woman diagnosed with synchronous bilateral tongue carcinoma. This woman did not present the traditional risk factors related to oral cancer - alcohol, tobacco or presence of human papiloma virus (HPV). Both tumors were classified by a pathologist as pT2. This patient was submitted to surgery, six months later was diagnosed with cervical metastasis and in the following two months died. Copy number alterations and methylation status of these two simultaneous tumors were analyzed using array Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and Methylation Specific MLPA.Discussion and ConclusionIn both tumors we identified several molecular traits usually found among oral cavity tumors and some of those have been associated with clinical outcome, reinforcing their importance to accurately establish biomarkers with clinical applicability. Specific genomic and epigenetic signatures for each of these two tumors were also observed allowing their molecular discrimination. The tumor of the right side of the tongue exhibited more copy number gains than the tumor of the left side. In the left side tumor less and smaller copy number alterations and more methylated genes were observed, which could be indicative of an early phase of tumor development. This case shows the molecular heterogeneity of oral cavity tumors even in the same patient and anatomic site, which could be the key to explain the different outcomes of oral tumor patients.



http://ift.tt/2xUyHh4

Correction to: The changing landscape of dermatology practice: melanoma and pump-probe laser microscopy

Abstract

The published online version contains mistake. Warren S. Warren was not included in the author group section. Corrected author group section is shown above.

http://ift.tt/2y2FWWA

Skin fluorescence following photodynamic therapy with NPe6 photosensitizer

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Keishi Ohtani, Jitsuo Usuda, Emiyu Ogawa, Sachio Maehara, Kentaro Imai, Yujin Kudo, Shotaro Ono, Shunsuke Shigefuku, Daisuke Eriguchi, Tatsuya Inoue, Junichi Maeda, Koichi Yoshida, Masaru Hagiwara, Masatoshi Kakihana, Naohiro Kajiwara, Tatsuo Ohira, Tsunenori Arai, Norihiko Ikeda
BackgroundThe second-generation photosensitizer NPe6 has strong anti-tumor effects with a much shorter photosensitive period than the first-generation photosensitizer Photofrin. Although photosensitive period has been reduced, skin photosensitivity is still a major side effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to investigate whether the NPe6 fluorescence intensity in skin after PDT could be measured effectively in human patients to improve the management of a patient's photosensitive period.MethodsThe NPe6 fluorescence measurements using a constructed fluorescence sensing system at the inside of the arm were acquired prior to and 5 and 10minutes after NPe6 administration as well as at the time of PDT (4–5hours after administration), at discharge (2 or 3days after PDT), and at 1 or 2 weeks after PDT. Participants were interviewed as to whether they had any complications at 2 weeks after PDT.ResultsNine male patients and one female patient entered this study. Nine patients were inpatients and one patient was an outpatient. All of the measurements of NPe6 fluorescence in the skin could be obtained without any complications. The spectral peak was detected at the time of discharge (2–3days after administration) in most cases and it decreased at 1 or 2 weeks after PDT.ConclusionsThe fluorescence of NPe6 in the skin could be detected feasibly using the fluorescence sensing system in human patients. Measuring the relative concentration of NPe6 in the skin indirectly by measuring fluorescence intensity might be useful to predict the period of skin photosensitivity after PDT.



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Scholar : [ ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙΤΙΣ ]

[HTML] Caracterización de la estomatitis subprótesis en adultos mayores en la Clínica Estomatológica Ormani Arenado Llonch

JC García, XG García - Archivo Médico de Camagüey, 2017

... Prosthesis stomatitis characterization in adults bigger in the Ormani Arenado Llonch Dentistry
Clinic. ... Background: prosthesis stomatitis in elderly adults represents an inflammatory pathology
of the buccal cavity that can degenerate in a hyperplasic lesion if it is not treated in time. ...

Antifungal Effect of a Dental Tissue Conditioner Containing Nystatin-Loaded Alginate Microparticles

HJ Kim, JS Son, TY Kwon - Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2018

... 1. INTRODUCTION Denture stomatitis is a common pathologic change occur- ring in the oral
mucosa of denture-bearing tissues.1 The fitting surface of acrylic dentures should be replaced
with denture lining materials to improve the fit of the dentures, and the denture lining ...

[HTML] In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Potent Compounds from Terminalia chebula against Some Common Human Pathogens

S Datta, NK Pal, AK Nandy - Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 2017

... It has been extensively used in both Ayurvedic and Unani medicines and has become
a cynosure of modern medicine. The fruit of this plant is reported to have local application
to chronic ulcers and wounds and gargle in stomatitis as well. ...

Virotherapies in Pancreatic Cancer

O Virotherapy - Current and Emerging Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer, 2017

... gov, NCT00402025) should provide further insight. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) VSV is an
RNA virus that is non-cell cycle-dependent, resulting in the rapid uptake by cells. ... Vesicular
stomatitis virus as an oncolytic agent against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Virol. ...

Safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamics of erdafitinib, a pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced or …

T Nishina, S Takahashi, R Iwasawa, H Noguchi, M Aoki… - Investigational New Drugs, 2017

... The most common treatment- emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were
hyperphosphatemia (73.7%), nausea (36.8%), stomatitis (26.3%), dysgeusia (26.3%)
and dry mouth (21.1%). ... Stomatitis 0 1 (33.3) 1 (33.3) 1 (33.3) 2 (28.6) 5 (26.3) ...

Smilax glabra Rhizoma affects the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methotrexate by increasing the P‑glycoprotein mRNA expression in rats after oral …

Y Li, S Deng, Y Ζhao, L Liu, R Zhao - Molecular Medicine Reports, 2017

... rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, breast carcinoma, lung and liver cancer and systemic lupus
erythematosus (1,2). However, besides its affirmative effect in the clinic, MTX has many side effects
including nausea, vomiting, mucositis, diarrhea, stomatitis, myelosuppression (3,4) and ...

[PDF] Effect of Some Professions on the Lead Levels of Male Urine in Wad-Medani, Sudan

NHH Bashir - EC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2017

... Also, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders, diarrhea, stomatitis, tremor, hemoglobinuria
caus- ing a rust-red color to stool, ataxia, paralysis, vomiting and convulsion, depression,
and pneumonia, when volatile vapors and fumes are inhaled [10]. ...

[HTML] A COURSE YOU CAN RELY ON

GO TO, M DATA

... in combination with cisplatin, respectively, were nausea (56% vs 53%); fatigue (43% vs 45%);
vomiting (40% vs 36%); anemia (33% vs 46%); neutropenia (29% vs 38%); anorexia (27% vs
24%); constipation (21% vs 20%); leukopenia (18% vs 21%); stomatitis/pharyngitis (14 ...

[PDF] Purification of the glycoprotein G from viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus, by lectin affinity

L Perez, A Estepa, JM Coll

... The soluble viral glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus efficicntly sensitizes target cells for
lysis by CD4+ T lymphocytes. ... Chatis, PA, Morrison, TG, 1983, Characterization of the soluble
glycoprotein released from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells, J., Virol. 45, 80. ...

[HTML] Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms

L van Sluijs, GP Pijlman, JE Kammenga - Viruses, 2017

Viral susceptibility and disease progression is determined by host genetic variation that underlies
individual differences. Genetic polymorphisms that affect the phenotype upon infection have been
well-studied for only a few viruses, such as HIV-1 and Hepatitis C virus. However, ...

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Scholar : [ ΠΑΡΕΣΗ BELL ]

A Case of Idiopathic Unilateral Abducens Nerve Palsy in an Adolescent Patient

SY Oh - Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society, 2017

... 7. Yousuf SJ, Khan AO. Presenting features suggestive for later recurrence of idiopathic sixth
nerve paresis in children. J AAPOS 2007;11:452–455. 8. Afifi AK, Bell WE, Bale JF, Thompson
HS. Recurrent lateral rectus palsy in childhood. Pediatr Neurol 1990;6:315–318. ...

Treatment of Blepharospasm/Hemifacial Spasm

KE Green, D Rastall, E Eggenberger - Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 2017

... It has also been reported in Parkinson disease, tardive dyskinesia, Bell's palsy, ocular myasthenia
gravis, or other diseases leading to corneal irritation [28, 34, 35, 36]. ... The most common
complications of MVD were transient facial paresis (5.9–9.5%) and hearing loss (2.5–3.2 ...

[PDF] Positive interferon-gamma release assay results are correlated with paradoxical reaction in tuberculous meningitis

T Lu, X Lin, Y Shu, Q Tian, Y Wang, Z Lu, Y Dai - Int J Clin Exp Med, 2017

... without specific symp- toms; stage 2: lethargy or cranial nerve pal- sies; and stage 3: stupor, severe
illness, gross paralysis or paresis [6]. HIV ... Artaman A, Asghar RJ, Assadi R, Atkins LS, Badawi
A, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Basu S, Beardsley J, Bekele T, Bell ML, Bernabe E ...

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Scholar : [ intitle:laryngeal ] - new results

[PDF] Glidescope® video laryngoscope vs. Macintosh direct laryngoscope for the intubation of laryngeal neoplasm patients: a randomized controlled study

B Hu, H Zhou, J Wang, Y Li, J Luo - Int J Clin Exp Med, 2017

Abstract: Background: Glidescope® video laryngoscope (GVL) is widely used in tracheal
intubation. However, no studies have been conducted to compare the GVL and Macintosh
direct laryngoscope (MDL) for intubation in patients with laryngeal neoplasm. Here, we aim

[PDF] Laryngeal Models

IM KATZ, TB MARTONEN

ABSTRACT A three-dimensional model of the larynx was created based on morphometric
measurements of replica human casts. The larynx is simulated as a 6-cm-long cylinder with
circular entrance and exit cross sections of 1.8 cm diameter. The ventricular folds are 2.5 cm

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