Comparative effect of photobiomodulation associated with dexamethasone after sciatic nerve injury model

Abstract

To analyze the effect of photobiomodulation and dexamethasone on nerve regeneration after a sciatic nerve crushing model. Twenty-six Swiss mice were divided into the following groups: naive; sham; injured, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (660 nm, 10 J/cm², 0.6 J, 16.8 J total energy emitted during the 28 days of radiation, 20 s, for 28 days); dexamethasone (Dex) (local injection of 2 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days); and LLLT group associated with Dex (LLLT/Dex), with the same parameters of the other groups. For nerve injury, a portable adjustable pinch was used. The animals were evaluated using the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) and Sciatic Static Index (SSI). The results obtained were evaluated with Image J™ and Kinovea™. Data and images were obtained at baseline and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after surgery. The evaluation of hyperalgesia, using Hargreaves, and behavior through the open field was also performed. In functional and static analysis, all groups presented significant differences when compared to the injured group. In the analysis of the SSI results, the group treated with both LLLT and dexamethasone was more effective in improving the values of this parameter, and in the SFI, the laser-treated group obtained better results. In the evaluation through the open field and the Hargreaves, there was no difference. The application of LLLT and dexamethasone was effective in nerve regeneration according to the results and was more effective when LLLT was associated with dexamethasone than in LLLT alone for the SSI.

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Physical properties of hydrogel wound dressing and its use in low-level laser therapy (LLLT)

Abstract

Hydrogel dressings are routinely used in the treatment of superficial skin wounds. Due to their excellent transparency, we decided to evaluate their usefulness in laser-based medical procedures. We focused on assessing selected physical properties of HydroAid hydrogel wound dressing, used for low-level laser therapy (LLLT) aka laser biostimulation procedures. For the two wavelengths of 660 and 808 nm used in the biostimulation laser POLARIS 2, a dressing transmittance of 92 and 98%, respectively, was determined. Using a FLIR i7 thermal imaging camera, the changes in temperature distribution across the surface of the dressing were assessed, during a 3-h period following its unpacking and placing on the skin of a patient or leaving it at the ambient temperature. The results of the thermal imaging, as well as temperature measurements using a digital thermometer, showed that the cooling properties of a hydrogel dressing were maintained throughout the entire experiment and that it was capable to keep the temperature at least 5° below the skin/ambient (room) temperature. During the 6-h observation using the holographic microscope, which provided indirect insight into the processes occurring within the hydrogel, only minimum topographical changes (observable at a micrometre scale) were recorded, although dressing thickness and its flexibility decreased significantly with time. Additionally, the possibility to regenerate the hydrogel dressing by treating it with distilled water or a physiological salt solution was tested.

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ROS-induced autophagy reduces B16F10 melanoma cell proliferative activity

Abstract

Cancer is a pathology characterized by increased cell progression and/or reduced programmed cell death. Melanoma shows a rapid increase in cell progression and its resistance to chemotherapy is associated with uncontrolled apoptosis and to mechanisms that increase the flow of the drug out of the cell. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the cell proliferation and cellular alterations in B16F10 murine melanoma. For that, four experimental groups were evaluated: the control group; laser group (ʎ = 660 ηm, 40 mW, 2.4 J/cm²); photosensitizer group (solution containing methylene blue and toluidine blue 1:1–12.5 μg/mL); PDT group. The incubation time was 30 min. Fluorescence microscopy assays were performed without fixation with the DAPI, monodansylcadaverine (MDC), and dihydroethidium (DHE) probes. Cell proliferation was also determined at 24-h time. The tests were performed in triplicate and the statistical test used was ANOVA with Tukey post-test. The results demonstrate that the plasma membrane of the cells of all the experimental groups remained intact, ROS production and autophagy significantly increased (p < 0.0005 and p < 0.0071, respectively) only in the PDT group. The cell proliferation essay showed a reduction of 74.2% on the PDT group in relation to the control group. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress promoted by photodynamic therapy may induce autophagy and consequently reduce cell proliferation in B16F10 melanoma.

https://ift.tt/2Ilio0J

Limited incision harvest of the rectus abdominis muscle flap

Abstract

Background

Rectus abdominis muscle harvest typically uses a long and continuous paramedian approach. To limit donor site morbidity, the senior author performs a limited incision approach particularly useful in medically vulnerable patients, including patients with sternal wound infections.

Methods

All patients of a single surgeon from 2000 to 2014 who underwent rectus harvest by one or two transverse incisions and use of lighted retractor were identified. Patients were categorized by indication, for "sternal wound coverage" or "non-sternal wound coverage." Co-morbidities, operative notes, and post-operative courses were evaluated. Comparisons were made to patients undergoing harvest by paramedian approach.

Results

Seventeen patients with a mean age of 61 underwent limited-incision rectus harvest. Nine patients had indication for "sternal wound coverage." Three patients had single transverse incision and six patients had double transverse incisions. One patient expired post-reconstruction day 3. One patient had complete abdominal and partial sternal wound dehiscence. No other donor site complications were observed. Eight patients had indication for "non-sternal wound coverage," including seven patients requiring free rectus for lower extremity defects and one a pedicled rectus abominis for pelvic osteomyelitis. No post-operative complications were observed in these non-sternal wound coverage patients. There was a trend toward improved wound healing and hospitalization time using the transverse compared to paramedian technique, although this was not significant.

Conclusions

The morbidity of the traditional paramedian incision for rectus harvest may be avoided using a limited skin incision approach. This is useful in patients with attenuated healing capacity and offers a lower risk approach to a traditionally risky donor site.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.

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Label-free sensitive luminescence biosensor for immunoglobulin G based on Ag6Au6 ethisterone cluster-estrogen receptor α aggregation and graphene

Publication date: 1 August 2018
Source:Talanta, Volume 185
Author(s): Nannan Chen, Wenjing Guo, Zhixiang Lin, Qiaohua Wei, Guonan Chen
A specific and label-free "on-off-on" luminescence biosensor based on a novel heterometallic cluster [Ag6Au6(ethisterone)12]-estrogen receptor α (Ag6Au6Eth-ERα) aggregation utilizing graphene oxide (GO) as a quencher to lead a small background signal was firstly constructed to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) with a simple process and high selectivity. The efficient photoluminescent (PL) Ag6Au6Eth-ERα aggregation is strongly quenched by GO. In the presence of IgG, the PL of this system will be restored, and perceivable by human eyes under UV lamp excitation (365 nm). The quenching mechanism of GO on Ag6Au6Eth-ERα and enhancement mechanism of IgG on Ag6Au6Eth-ERα-GO were investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the biosensor for high sensitive IgG detection expressed a wider linear range of 0.0078–10 ng/mL and a lower detection limit of 0.65 pg/mL with good stability and repeatability, which provided a new approach for label-free IgG detection.

Graphical abstract

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RE: “Deployment And Preterm Birth Among US Army Soldiers”

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2017 Articles of the Year, Reviewers of the Year, and Figure of the Year

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3D cell printing of in vitro stabilized skin model and in vivo pre-vascularized skin patch using tissue-specific extracellular matrix bioink: A step towards advanced skin tissue engineering

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 168
Author(s): Byoung Soo Kim, Yang Woo Kwon, Jeong-Sik Kong, Gyu Tae Park, Ge Gao, Wonil Han, Moon-Bum Kim, Hyungseok Lee, Jae Ho Kim, Dong-Woo Cho
3D cell-printing technique has been under spotlight as an appealing biofabrication platform due to its ability to precisely pattern living cells in pre-defined spatial locations. In skin tissue engineering, a major remaining challenge is to seek for a suitable source of bioink capable of supporting and stimulating printed cells for tissue development. However, current bioinks for skin printing rely on homogeneous biomaterials, which has several shortcomings such as insufficient mechanical properties and recapitulation of microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the capability of skin-derived extracellular matrix (S-dECM) bioink for 3D cell printing-based skin tissue engineering. S-dECM was for the first time formulated as a printable material and retained the major ECM compositions of skin as well as favorable growth factors and cytokines. This bioink was used to print a full thickness 3D human skin model. The matured 3D cell-printed skin tissue using S-dECM bioink was stabilized with minimal shrinkage, whereas the collagen-based skin tissue was significantly contracted during in vitro tissue culture. This physical stabilization and the tissue-specific microenvironment from our bioink improved epidermal organization, dermal ECM secretion, and barrier function. We further used this bioink to print 3D pre-vascularized skin patch able to promote in vivo wound healing. In vivo results revealed that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-laden 3D-printed skin patch together with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) accelerates wound closure, re-epithelization, and neovascularization as well as blood flow. We envision that the results of this paper can provide an insightful step towards the next generation source for bioink manufacturing.



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Alternative Choices for Anterolateral Thigh Flaps Lacking Suitable Perforators: A Systematic Review

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639366

Background The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has become a predominant option in the field of reconstruction. However, some difficulties in harvesting flap exist due to the anatomical variability of the perforators. Reports have provided solutions for unreliable perforators. Although numerous cases that showed successful conversion to tensor fasciae latae (TFL) flap or anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap have been reported in the literature, none fully addresses the reliability of the perforators that have been described to date. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review to compare the reliability of the TFL flap with that of the AMT flap when an ALT flap perforator is not suitable. Methods A systematic review of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronic databases was performed to compare the characteristics of TFL and AMT flap perforators. Results A total of 13 articles were included for review. The mean number of TFL perforators varied from 1.41 to 3.17 per thigh. The mean number of AMT perforators was between 0.59 and 1.3 per thigh. The cumulative assessment of the clinical and anatomical studies showed 456 perforators in 180 TFL flaps (mean, 2.53) and 145 perforators in 162 AMT flaps (mean, 0.90). The mean pedicle length of the TFL and AMT flaps ranged from 7.0 to 9.59 cm and from 7.4 to 11.0 cm, respectively. The mean perforator diameter was similar in both flaps. Conclusion Currently available literature suggests that the TFL flap may be a more reliable alternative when adequate perforators are not found for ALT flap harvest.
[...]

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Development of Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Model in Hind Limb Amputated Rats

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639602

Background Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a novel approach to postamputation neuroma pain; however, this has not been explicitly studied. The purpose of this study was to develop a TMR model in hind limb amputated rats. Methods Ten hind limbs from 5 Sprague Dawley cadaver rats were used. Sciatic nerve, main branches of the sciatic nerve (common peroneal, tibial, sural), motor branches from the sciatic nerve to the biceps femoris and cauda femoris, gluteal nerve and its motor branches to the semimembranosus, and biceps femoris and femoral nerve were dissected to look for consistent nerve anatomy that can be used for TMR in the rat hind limb amputation model. Transfemoral amputation was performed and two types of coaptations were made: common peroneal nerve to motor branch to biceps femoris and tibial nerve to motor branch to semimembranosus. Results The total surgical time for the dissection, amputation, and coaptation of nerves was ∼90 minutes. A total of 100 nerves were dissected in 10 rat hind limbs. Anatomical dissections were straightforward to perform. Anatomy of the dissected nerves was consistent. Hind limb amputations were performed without damaging the target muscles and nerves. Nerve lengths were sufficient for coaptation without any tension. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on TMR model in hind limb amputated rats. This model will allow for mechanical, electromyography (EMG), and histological analysis for future assessment of neuroma prevention.
[...]

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Future Perspectives in the Management of Nerve Injuries

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639353

Aim The author presents a solicited "white paper" outlining her perspective on the role of nerve transfers in the management of nerve injuries. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were evaluated to compare nerve graft and nerve transfer. An evaluation of the scientific literature by review of index articles was also performed to compare the number of overall clinical publications of nerve repair, nerve graft, and nerve transfer. Finally, a survey regarding the prevalence of nerve transfer surgery was administrated to the World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (WSRM) results. Results Both nerve graft and transfer can generate functional results and the relative success of graft versus transfer depended on the function to be restored and the specific transfers used. Beginning in the early 1990s, there has been a rapid increase from baseline of nerve transfer publications such that clinical nerve transfer publication now exceeds those of nerve repair or nerve graft. Sixty-two responses were received from WSRM membership. These surgeons reported their frequency of "usually or always using nerve transfers for repairing brachial plexus injuries as 68%, radial nerves as 27%, median as 25%, and ulnar as 33%. They reported using nerve transfers" sometimes for brachial plexus 18%, radial nerve 30%, median nerve 34%, ulnar nerve 35%. Conclusion Taken together this evidence suggests that nerve transfers do offer an alternative technique along with tendon transfers, nerve repair, and nerve grafts.
[...]

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Distal Nerve Transfer: Perspective of Reconstructive Microsurgery

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639369

Recent articles have strongly emphasized the superiority of distal nerve transfers despite indefinite assessment. I would like to introduce the problems associated with functional evaluation following nerve transfers.
[...]

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Is the Oblique Branch a Preferable Vascular Pedicle for Anterolateral Thigh Free Flaps?

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639370

Background The oblique branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery is considered an alternative vascular pedicle of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. However, the oblique branch has several advantages over the descending branch. Methods A total of 61 consecutive ALT free flaps were harvested according to Yu's ABC system. Vascular pedicle dimensions and length, artery course, perforator origins, and flap harvest time with the oblique branch or the descending branch were recorded. We classified the ALT flaps with oblique branches into three types according to the origin of perforator B. Type I flaps were those where perforator B originated from the descending branch. Type II flaps were those without perforator B. Type III flaps were those where perforator B originated from the oblique branch. Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) diameter of the oblique branch at its origin was 1.68 ± 0.51 mm, with an average ± SD pedicle length of 12.92 ± 3.7 cm, while that of the descending branch was 2.27 ± 0.49 mm and 18.73 ± 5.14 cm, respectively. The percentage of septocutaneous perforators from the oblique branch was 35.59%, while that from the descending branch was 15.38%. The flap harvest time with the oblique branch was 33.73 ± 11.68 minutes, while that of the descending branch was 52.27 ± 7.21 minutes. Based on the origin of perforator B, 7 cases had type I ALT flaps, 4 had type II ALT flaps, and 10 had type III ALT flaps. Various ALT flaps based on the oblique branch were harvested, and good clinical results were achieved. Conclusion The oblique branch is sufficiently large and can be reliably used as the flap pedicle. It may be the preferred vascular pedicle for ALT free flaps.
[...]

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Dynamic Quantitative Assessment of Motor Axon Sprouting after Direct Facial–Hypoglossal End-To-Side Neurorrhaphy in Rats

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636539

Background End-to-side (ETS) neurorrhaphy is a promising procedure for peripheral nerve repair, yet controversies regarding the efficacy of this repair in facial nerve anastomosis for facial paralysis still exist. Methods Thirty rats were divided into three groups: intact control group, direct facial–hypoglossal ETS neurorrhaphy, and end-to-end (ETE) neurorrhaphy. Nerve regeneration was assessed with vibrissae motor performance, electrophysiological tests, retrograde labeling, and histomorphological analysis at 4 and 8 months postoperatively. Results Both ETS and ETE neurorrhaphies resulted in axonal regeneration and functional recovery of the recipient nerve but did not reach the level of intact controls. Significantly higher numbers of myelinated axons and labeled neurons giving regenerating fibers were found in group ETE compared with group ETS at both time points, consistent with the functional and electrophysiological recovery. Group ETS showed significantly smaller fiber diameter and thinner myelin thickness than group ETE at 4 months, but the difference became nonsignificant at 8 months. ETS neurorrhaphy had a very slight effect on the donor nerve, as determined electrophysiologically and histomorphologically. Sparsely distributed double-labeled neurons and relatively large amounts of single-labeled neurons contributing to reinnervation were found through double retrograde neuronal labeling in group ETS. Further quantitative analysis of the percentage of double-labeled neurons showed a pronounced tendency to decline from 19.8% at 4 months to 6.0% at 8 months postoperatively. Conclusion Successful reinnervation after ETS neurorrhaphy could be achieved through both collateral sprouting and terminal sprouting, with the latter seeming to be the principal origin of motor nerve sprouting.
[...]

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Does Cigarette Smoking Harm Microsurgical Free Flap Reconstruction?

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639377

Background Free tissue transfers can successfully address a wide range of reconstructive requirements. While the negative influence of cigarette smoking is well documented, its effects in the setting of microsurgical free flap reconstruction remain debated. This study evaluates the impact of cigarette smoking on microsurgical reconstructions. Methods Over a 7-year period, 897 patients underwent 969 microvascular free flap reconstructions at a single surgical center. The cases were divided into "smoker" (S) and "nonsmoker" (NS) groups according to their cigarette smoking status. The data were retrospectively screened for patients' demographics, perioperative details, surgical complications, free flap types, recipient sites, flap survival, and overall outcomes. Results Both groups were comparable regarding comorbidities including hypertension, peripheral artery disease, diabetes, American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, types of performed free flaps, and recipient sites. While patients in the NS group were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of obesity (p < 0.05), there were no significant differences regarding the rate of major or minor complications during our 3-month follow-up period (p > 0.05). Conclusion While minor and major complications were increased regarding virtually all examined parameters, cigarette smoking did not have significant effects on the overall outcomes of microsurgical free flap reconstructions.
[...]

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Check the Record: Remote CT Scans for Breast Flap Perforator Mapping

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639578

Background Perforator mapping with computed tomography angiography (CTA) prior to autologous breast reconstruction reduces donor-site morbidity and operative time, but is costly. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether pre-existing CT scans could be used for dominant perforator identification before autologous reconstruction. Methods We identified all female patients who underwent mastectomy with immediate or delayed breast reconstruction with abdominal free flaps at a single institution between 2006 and 2016. Medical records were reviewed to identify patients with pre-existing CT scans of the abdomen/pelvis. CT images were reviewed by the senior surgeon and ranked on a 1 to 3 scale to indicate utility for preoperative planning. An analysis was performed to assess financial savings and radiation avoidance associated with the use of pre-existing scans. Results Of 301 identified patients, 44.9% (n = 135) had an available pre-existing CT. A dominant perforator was identified on 92.6% of scans. A higher proportion of dominant perforators was identified using positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans compared with CT scans with intravenous (IV) contrast and noncontrast CTs (p < 0.0001). Compared with PET/CTs and CTs with IV contrast, the average utility score for noncontrast CTs was lower (p = 0.0001). Dominant perforators were clearly identified in patients who had both a remote CT scan and a preoperative CTA. Perforator mapping using remote CT scans yielded a projected radiation reduction of 13.2 mGy per patient and yielded a projected annual U.S. health care savings of $28,459,638. Conclusion Our study suggests that pre-existing CT scans represent a viable and economical alternative for perforator mapping before abdominal-based free flap breast reconstruction.
[...]

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3D cell printing of in vitro stabilized skin model and in vivo pre-vascularized skin patch using tissue-specific extracellular matrix bioink: A step towards advanced skin tissue engineering

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 168
Author(s): Byoung Soo Kim, Yang Woo Kwon, Jeong-Sik Kong, Gyu Tae Park, Ge Gao, Wonil Han, Moon-Bum Kim, Hyungseok Lee, Jae Ho Kim, Dong-Woo Cho
3D cell-printing technique has been under spotlight as an appealing biofabrication platform due to its ability to precisely pattern living cells in pre-defined spatial locations. In skin tissue engineering, a major remaining challenge is to seek for a suitable source of bioink capable of supporting and stimulating printed cells for tissue development. However, current bioinks for skin printing rely on homogeneous biomaterials, which has several shortcomings such as insufficient mechanical properties and recapitulation of microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the capability of skin-derived extracellular matrix (S-dECM) bioink for 3D cell printing-based skin tissue engineering. S-dECM was for the first time formulated as a printable material and retained the major ECM compositions of skin as well as favorable growth factors and cytokines. This bioink was used to print a full thickness 3D human skin model. The matured 3D cell-printed skin tissue using S-dECM bioink was stabilized with minimal shrinkage, whereas the collagen-based skin tissue was significantly contracted during in vitro tissue culture. This physical stabilization and the tissue-specific microenvironment from our bioink improved epidermal organization, dermal ECM secretion, and barrier function. We further used this bioink to print 3D pre-vascularized skin patch able to promote in vivo wound healing. In vivo results revealed that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-laden 3D-printed skin patch together with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) accelerates wound closure, re-epithelization, and neovascularization as well as blood flow. We envision that the results of this paper can provide an insightful step towards the next generation source for bioink manufacturing.



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Gender comparisons of young adults’ eating behavior regulation: Re-examination of the Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale (REBS)

Publication date: 1 July 2018
Source:Appetite, Volume 126
Author(s): Tessa Hamilton, Jessica Hoffman, Dilbur Arsiwalla, Robert Volpe, Ellyn Schmidt, Sareen Gropper
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale (REBS) in mixed-gender, American samples and to evaluate how responses differed across male and female respondents. Responses were examined in a sample of 535 undergraduate students in the Southeastern United States. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the predicted factor structure; male and female participants were analyzed in a multi-group, unconstrained configural model, with male and female participants analyzed simultaneously to allow for multi-group comparisons within the same model. Additional analyses evaluated measurement invariance, reliability of the measure in the new sample, gender differences in subscale scores, and correlations across factors. Results of confirmatory factor analysis, multi-group by gender comparisons suggested that the factor structure did not vary across genders. In addition, factor structure was consistent with the findings of the original studies examining the psychometric property of the REBS, with the exception of the 'introjected regulation' subscale, which measures regulation of eating behaviors to avoid self-enforced consequences. Consistent with expectations, female participants' ratings were higher, on average, on more autonomous forms of eating regulation; however, contrary to expectations, scores did not differ significantly between males and females on more external forms of eating regulation. Conclusions, limitations, and implications are discussed.



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“Successful non-invasive treatment of festoons.”

No abstract available

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Reply: Commetary on Primary Septal Cartilage Graft for the Unilateral Cleft Rhinoplasty

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2H1uXyS

A Hidden legacy of Dr.Ralph Millard, Jr.

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2Ilj2LI

The use of fat grafting as antiestrogen vehicle for the treatment of capsular contracture

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2H3UUOn

Muscle versus Fasciocutaneous Free Flaps in Lower Extremity Traumatic Reconstruction: A Multicenter Outcomes Analysis.

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2Imbus2

Digital Natives Plastic Surgeons

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2H27IEW

“Is There Value to Seeing a Transgender Fellowship Trained Surgeon?”

We are presently at a unique crossroad in medicine, where the healthcare field has the opportunity to recognize and treat transgender patients on a scale that was previously unattainable. As more professionals join the effort to treat this increasingly visible population, we have a duty to set standards for training residents and credentialing our colleagues to protect the wellbeing of this already vulnerable group. Fellowship training may be the fundamental answer to surmounting the significant medical, legal, and social complexities entailed with treating this deserving population. Financial Disclosure Statement: We have no financial disclosures. Presented at (if applicable): 2016 Philadelphia Trans Health Conference, 9/8/17 Corresponding Author: Christopher J. Salgado, 1321 NW 14th St, Ste 200, West Bldg, Miami, FL 33125, Csalgado2@med.miami.edu ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

https://ift.tt/2EbwAqA

Does Orthognathic Surgery have a Significant Impact on Patients’ Perceived Attractiveness, Personality Traits, and Emotional Expressions?

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2H3OkYe

“Treating Breast Conservation Therapy Defects with Brava and Fat Grafting: Technique, Outcomes, and Safety Profile”

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2Ecj71S

Reply to Letter: Muscle versus fasciocutaneous free flaps in lower extremity traumatic reconstruction A multicenter outcomes analysis

No abstract available

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“Pathways to academic leadership in plastic surgery – a nationwide survey of program directors, division chiefs, and department chairs of plastic surgery”

Background: While plastic surgeons and plastic surgery residents aspire to leadership in academic plastic surgery, there is no well-established pathway. Methods: Plastic surgery residencies and program directors(PDs) were obtained from the AMA's FREIDA database. The division chief or department chair (academic head) of every academic plastic surgery program was identified. One internet-based survey was distributed to academic heads, another to PDs. Results: 90 academic heads were identified, 35 of whom also serve as PD. 67 unique PDs were identified. There was a 51% academic head response rate and a 65% PD response rate. Academic plastic surgery is overwhelmingly administered by mid-career males. The average PD was appointed at age 45 and has served for 7 years. S/he was trained via the independent track, completed additional training in hand surgery, and is a full professor. S/he publishes 2-3 peer reviewed manuscripts per year and spends 9 hours-per-week in administration. The average academic head was appointed at age 45 and has held his/her position for 12 years. S/he was trained in the independent model, completed fellowship training, and is a full professor. S/he publishes 5 peer reviewed manuscripts per year and spends 12 hours-per-week involved in administration. Conclusion: PDs and academic heads serve non-overlapping roles. Few PDs will advance to the role of academic head. Successful applicants to the PD position often serve as an associate program director and are seen as motivated resident educators. In contrast, those faculty members selected for the academic head role are academically accomplished administrators with business acumen. Financial Disclosure Statement: Drs. Fishman, Pang, and Nguyen have nothing to disclose. Dr. Losee receives book royalties from CRC press and Elsevier. Dr. Rubin receives book royalties from Elsevier, consulting fees from a medical device company, and has ownership interest in a number of plastic surgery related ventures. No funding was received for this article. Corresponding Author: Vu T. Nguyen MD1, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Plastic Surgery, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B – Sciafe Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, fishmanje@upmc.edu ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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“Reply: Orthognathic Surgery Has a Significant Effect on Perceived Personality Traits and Emotional Expressions”

No abstract available

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“Analysis of Craniofacial Remodeling in the Aging Midface Using Reconstructed Three-Dimensional Models in Paired Individuals”

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2H2qYC5

“A New Microtia Reconstruction Method Using Delayed Postauricular Skin Flap”

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2E9Edy0

“Analysis of Craniofacial Remodeling in the Aging Midface Using Reconstructed Three-Dimensional Models in Paired Individuals”

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2GLKWDC

“Pursuing Mirror Image Reconstruction in Unilateral Microtia: Customizing Auricular Framework by Application of Three-Dimensional Imaging and Three-Dimensional Printing”.

No abstract available

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Book Review: Mastering Medical Photography of the Head and Neck

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2H4u0pq

Optimal Use of Surgical Drains: Evidence-Based Strategies

Background: Closed-suction drains are a widely-used tool to reduce the incidence of seroma whenever potential spaces are surgically created. However, few studies have examined the parameters that affect drain efficacy. Methods: An in vitro model was created to assess the effects of tubing length, tubing size, tubing type, fluid viscosity, fluid clotting, evacuator type, evacuator squeeze method, evacuator fill and evacuator pressure on the performance of closed-suction drains. Results: Fluid flow rate through the drain increases with increasing intracavitary tubing length, decreasing extracavitary tubing length, increasing tubing diameter, increasing negative pressure, decreasing fluid viscosity, and the use of perforated rather than fluted drains. Bulbs generate more effective suction when squeezed "side-to-side" than when squeezed "bottom-up", and evacuators were only able to generate half the maximal negative pressure when 25% full or greater. Stripping the drain tubing helped relieve obstruction due to clotting. Conclusions: Our findings have practical clinical implications for surgeons hoping to maximize the efficacy of closed-suction drains. Through this comprehensive review of the literature and in vitro analysis of relevant variables that affect drain function, the performance of closed-suction drains can be optimized by increasing intracavitary tubing length, decreasing extracavitary tubing length, increasing tubing diameter, increasing the pressure differential, using perforated drains, squeezing bulbs "side-to-side", stripping drain tubing frequently, and evacuating containers whenever they are 25% full. Disclosures: Dr. Janis is a consultant for LifeCell, Bard and Daiichi Sankyo, has received prior honoraria from Pacira and KCI, and receives royalties from Thieme Publishing. Drs. Khansa, Khansa and Meyerson have no relevant financial disclosures. Corresponding author: Jeffrey E. Janis, MD, FACS, Professor and Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH 43212, Phone: (614) 293-8566, Fax: (614) 293-9024, Email: jeffrey.janis@osumc.edu ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

https://ift.tt/2IjzeNC

Wound Surface Area as a Risk Factor for Flap Complications Among Patients with Open Fractures

Background: Soft tissue complications often dictate the success of limb salvage and the overall outcome of open fractures. Based on prior work at our institution, we hypothesize that wounds greater than 200cm2 are associated with a greater likelihood of both flap-related reoperation and wound complications among patients requiring soft tissue reconstruction with a rotational flap or free tissue transfer. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of FLOW trial data that included all patients who received a rotational or free tissue flap transfer for an open fracture. Our primary outcome was flap-related reoperation within 12 months of injury. Our secondary outcome was wound complication, which included events treated operatively or non-operatively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between wound size and the outcomes, adjusting for confounders. Results: 17.0% of the 112 patients required a flap-related reoperation. A wound size of greater than 200cm2 was not associated with reoperation in an unadjusted model (p=0.64) or adjusting for Gustilo type (p=0.70). The sample had an overall wound complication rate of 47.3%. Patients with a wound size of greater than 200 cm2 were three times more likely to experience wound complications (Odds Ratio: 3.05, 95% CI 1.08- 8.62, p=0.04) when adjusting for moderate-severe wound contamination and wound closure in the operating room. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that wound surface area is an integral determinant for wound complication following soft tissue flap treatment, but found no association between wound surface area and flap-related reoperation rates. * list of trial authors is listed in the Appendix Financial disclosure statement: The study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MCT-93173), the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research Orthopedic Trauma Research Program (W81XWH-08-1-0473), U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Program (W81XWH-12-1-0530), and Association Internationale pour l'Ostéosynthèse Dynamique. Dr. Bhandari reports receiving consulting fees from Stryker, Smith & Nephew, Amgen, Eli Lilly, DJO Global, Zimmer, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals, and grant support from Stryker, Amgen, DePuy Synthes, Eli Lilly, and DJO Global; Dr. Jeray, receiving consulting fees from Zimmer and Eli Lilly and lecture fees from Zimmer and AO North America; Dr. Petrisor reports consulting fees from Stryker and Pfizer, and research support from Stryker and Zimmer; Dr. Sprague, being an employee of Global Research Solutions; Dr. Pensy reports consulting fees from Globus Medical; and Dr. Slobogean reports being a paid presenter for Zimmer Biomet. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Statement of institutional review board approval: The study was approved by the ethics committees at McMaster University, Greenville Health System, and each participating center. All the patients provided written informed consent. Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT1069315 Corresponding Author: Raymond A. Pensy, MD, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, Email: rpensy@umoa.umm.edu ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

https://ift.tt/2EbzoV3

Evolution and Revolution of Perforator Flaps

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2H1hnvu

A retentive memory of tetrachloroethene respiration in Sulfurospirillum halorespirans - involved proteins and a possible link to acetylation of a two-component regulatory system

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2018
Source:Journal of Proteomics
Author(s): Dominique Türkowsky, Jens Esken, Tobias Goris, Torsten Schubert, Gabriele Diekert, Nico Jehmlich, Martin von Bergen
Organohalide respiration (OHR), comprising the reductive dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds, is subject to a unique memory effect and long-term transcriptional downregulation of the involved genes in Sulfurospirillum multivorans. Gene expression ceases slowly over approximately 100 generations in the absence of tetrachloroethene (PCE). However, the molecular mechanisms of this regulation process are not understood. We show here that Sulfurospirillum halorespirans undergoes the same type of regulation when cultivated without chlorinated ethenes for a long period of time. In addition, we compared the proteomes of S. halorespirans cells cultivated in the presence of PCE with those of cells long- and short-term cultivated with nitrate as sole electron acceptor. Important OHR-related proteins previously unidentified in S. multivorans include a histidine kinase, a putative quinol dehydrogenase membrane protein, and a PCE-induced porin. Since for some regulatory proteins a posttranslational regulation of activity by lysine acetylations is known, we also analyzed the acetylome of S. halorespirans, revealing that 32% of the proteome was acetylated in at least one condition. The data indicate that the response regulator and the histidine kinase of a two-component system most probably involved in induction of PCE respiration are highly acetylated during short-term cultivation with nitrate in the absence of PCE.SignificanceThe so far unique long-term downregulation of organohalide respiration is now identified in a second species suggesting a broader distribution of this regulatory phenomenon. An improved protein extraction method allowed the identification of proteins most probably involved in transcriptional regulation of OHR in Sulfurospirillum spp. Our data indicate that acetylations of regulatory proteins are involved in this extreme, sustained standby-mode of metabolic enzymes in the absence of substrate. This first published acetylome of Epsilonproteobacteria might help to study other ecologically or medically important species of this clade.

Graphical abstract

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Corrigendum to “Genetically defined variants of toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 9 as phenotype and risk modifier factors for psoriasis” [89 (March (3)) (2018) 301–304]

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2018
Source:Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): M. Julià, M. Consuegra-Fernández, A. Guilabert, C. Muñoz, A. Esteve, N. Armiger-Borràs, F. Santiago, M.T. Arias, J. Romaní, C. Ferrándiz, J.M. Carrascosa, E. Pedrosa, M. Alsina-Gibert, F. Lozano, J.M. Mascaró-Galy




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Serine protease inhibitors containing a Kunitz domain: their role in modulation of host inflammatory responses and parasite survival

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2018
Source:Microbes and Infection
Author(s): Mariana T.Q. de Magalhães, Fábio S. Mambelli, Bruno P.O. Santos, Suellen B. Morais, Sergio C. Oliveira
Proteins containing a Kunitz domain have the typical serine protease inhibition function ranging from sea anemone to man. Protease inhibitors play major roles in infection, inflammation disorders and cancer. This review discusses the role of serine proteases containing a Kunitz domain in immunomodulation induced by helminth parasites. Helminth parasites are associated with protection from inflammatory conditions. Therefore, interest has raised whether worm parasites or their products hold potential as drugs for treatment of immunological disorders. Finally, we also propose the use of recombinant SmKI-1 from Schistosoma mansoni as a potential therapeutic molecule to treat inflammatory diseases.



https://ift.tt/2GKJUrq

Acoustic Structure Quantification Versus Point Shear Wave Speed Measurement for the Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Viral Hepatitis B

Publication date: Available online 30 March 2018
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
Author(s): Jianxue Liu, Wei Ren, Hong Ai, Guoliang Dun, Yonghao Ji, Yaoren Zhang, Qinyun Wan, Shumei Lin
This study was conducted to evaluate the value of acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) technology versus that of point shear wave speed measurement (PSWSM) imaging technology for the assessment of liver fibrosis stage. A total of 104 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 30 healthy control patients underwent ASQ and PSWSM examinations. Seven quantitative parameters were obtained from ASQ, and a principal component analysis was used to establish the integrative indicators. A quantitative parameter, known as the shear wave speed (SWS, m/s), was obtained from the PSWSM. The METAVIR scores for the assessment of pathologic liver fibrosis were used as a benchmark. Liver fibrosis stages exhibited a good correlation with the integrative indicators and SWS (r = 0.682, p < 0.001; r = 0.651, p < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for ASQ and PSWSM were 0.705 and 0.854 for mild liver fibrosis (F ≥ 1, p = 0.045), 0.813 and 0.743 for significant liver fibrosis (F ≥ 2, p = 0.115), 0.839 and 0.857 for severe liver fibrosis (F ≥ 3, p = 0.417) and 0.874 and 0.971 for liver cirrhosis (F = 4, p = 0.016), respectively. In conclusion, both ASQ and PSWSM were promising ultrasonic methods for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with CHB; however, PSWSM was more valuable for identifying mild liver fibrosis (F ≥ 1) and cirrhosis (F = 4) than ASQ, and the combination of PSWSM and ASQ improved the accuracy of diagnosing severe liver fibrosis (F ≥ 3).



https://ift.tt/2GPiEIe

Consistency and Generalizability of Dietary Patterns in a Multiethnic Working Population

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2018
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Author(s): Jui-Yee Eng, Foong-Ming Moy, Awang Bulgiba, Sanjay Rampal
BackgroundDietary pattern analysis is a complementary method to nutrient analysis in evaluating overall diet–disease hypotheses. Although studies have been conducted to derive dietary patterns among Malaysians, their consistency across subgroups has not been examined.ObjectiveThe study aimed to derive dietary patterns empirically and to examine the consistency and generalizability of patterns across sex, ethnicity, and urban status in a working population.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study using data from the Clustering of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Understanding its Association with Stress on Health and Well-Being among School Teachers in Malaysia study collected between August 2014 and November 2015. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis.Participants/settingParticipants were teachers from selected public schools from three states in Peninsular Malaysia (n=4,618).Main outcome measuresDietary patterns derived using factor analysis.Statistical analyses performedSeparate factor analysis was conducted by sex, ethnicity, and urban status to identify dietary patterns. Eigenvalue >2, scree plot, Velicer's minimum average partial analysis, and Horn's parallel analysis were used to determine the number of factors to retain. The interpretability of each dietary pattern was evaluated. The consistency and generalizability of dietary patterns across subgroups were assessed using the Tucker congruence coefficient.ResultsThere was no subgroup-specific dietary pattern found. Thus, dietary patterns were derived using the pooled sample in the final model. Two dietary patterns (Western and Prudent) were derived. The Western dietary pattern explained 15.4% of total variance, characterized by high intakes of refined grains, animal-based foods, added fat, and sugar-sweetened beverages as well as fast food. The Prudent dietary pattern explained 11.1% of total variance and was loaded with pulses, legumes, vegetables, and fruits.ConclusionsThe derived Western and Prudent dietary patterns were consistent and generalizable across subgroups of sex, ethnicity, and urban status. Further research is needed to explore associations between these dietary patterns and chronic diseases.



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Exercise after Aortic Dissection: to Run or Not to Run

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2018
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): Konstantinos Spanos, Nikolaos Tsilimparis, Tilo Kölbel




https://ift.tt/2GK4zf9

Scholar : These new articles for Journal of Architectural Conservation are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Journal of Architectural Conservation and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles The impact of window control on thermal performance. Investigating adaptable interventions in vernacular Mediterranean heritage Stavroula Thravalou, Maria Philokyprou & Aimilios Michael Pages: 1-19 | DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1456058 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 26: Rice Water: A Traditional Ingredient with Anti-Aging Efficacy

Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 26: Rice Water: A Traditional Ingredient with Anti-Aging Efficacy

Cosmetics doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5020026

Authors: Joana Marto Ângela Neves Lídia Gonçalves Pedro Pinto Cristina Almeida Sandra Simões

The skin healing benefits of rice have been known for centuries. Rice (Oryza sativa) water is a food processing waste that can potentially be incorporated into cosmetic formulations. However, no scientific evidence supports their role in skincare products. The aim of this project is to design and develop a topical gel formulation containing rice water and to evaluate its biological properties, namely, the anti-aging and antioxidant rice water properties. Rice water was evaluated in terms of physico-chemical composition and in terms of in vitro biological antioxidant activity and elastase inhibitory effect. Rice water was incorporated into a hydrogel and the developed formulation was subjected to pharmacotechnical tests such as pH and viscosity. Biological and sensory effects were evaluated on a panel of 12 volunteers for 28 days. The safety evaluation study was performed on rice water gel, using the Human Repeat Insult Patch test protocol. Rice water presented in vitro biological antioxidant activity and elastase inhibitory effect. The gel formulation containing 96% rice water was biocompatible with the human skin and presented suitable cosmetic properties. Rice water should be thus considered as an anti-aging ingredient to be used as raw material for skincare applications.

https://ift.tt/2pUTQ7t

Elavl3 regulates neuronal polarity through the alternative splicing of an embryo-specific exon in AnkyrinG

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2018
Source:Neuroscience Research
Author(s): Yuki Ogawa, Junji Yamaguchi, Masato Yano, Yasuo Uchiyama, Hirotaka James Okano
Alternative splicing of RNAs diversifies the functionalities of proteins, and it is optimized for each cell type and each developmental stage. nElavl (composed of Elavl2, Elavl3, and Elavl4) proteins are the RNA-binding proteins that is specifically expressed in neurons, regulate the alternative splicing of target RNAs, and promote neuronal differentiation and maturation. Recent studies revealed that Elavl3 knockout (Elavl3^−/−) mice completely lost the expression of nElavl proteins in the Purkinje cells and exhibited cerebellar dysfunction. Here, we found that the alternative splicing of AnkyrinG exon 34 was misregulated in the cerebella of Elavl3^−/− mice. AnkyrinG is an essential factor for the formation of neuronal polarity and is required for normal neuronal functions. We revealed that exon 34 of AnkyrinG was normally included in immature neurons and was mostly excluded in mature neurons; however, it was included in the cerebella of Elavl3^−/− mice even in adulthood. In the Purkinje cells of adult Elavl3^−/− mice, the length of the AnkyrinG-positive region shortened and somatic organelles leaked into the axons. These results suggested that exon 34 of AnkyrinG is an embryonic-stage-preferential exon that should be excluded from mature neurons and that Elavl3 regulates neuronal polarity through alternative splicing of this exon.



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Editorial Board

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 76





https://ift.tt/2JaVsCO

Engineered viral vectors for functional interrogation, deconvolution, and manipulation of neural circuits

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 50
Author(s): Sabrina Sun, David V Schaffer
Optimization of traditional replication-competent viral tracers has granted access to immediate synaptic partners of target neuronal populations, enabling the dissection of complex brain circuits into functional neural pathways. The excessive virulence of most conventional tracers, however, impedes their utility in revealing and genetically perturbing cellular function on long time scales. As a promising alternative, the natural capacity of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to safely mediate persistent and robust gene expression has stimulated strong interest in adapting them for sparse neuronal labeling and physiological studies. Furthermore, increasingly refined engineering strategies have yielded novel AAV variants with enhanced target specificity, transduction, and retrograde trafficking in the CNS. These potent vectors offer new opportunities for characterizing the identity and connectivity of single neurons within immense networks and modulating their activity via robust delivery of functional genetic tools.



https://ift.tt/2GrLsYg

Blue titania turns carbon dioxide into fuel

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2018
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Cordelia Sealy




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Cheaper fuel cells with nanomaterials

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2018
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Laurie Donaldson




https://ift.tt/2GolLrj

MRI gradient-echo phase contrast of the brain at ultra-short TE with off-resonance saturation

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 175
Author(s): Hongjiang Wei, Peng Cao, Antje Bischof, Roland G. Henry, Peder E.Z. Larson, Chunlei Liu
Larmor-frequency shift or image phase measured by gradient-echo sequences has provided a new source of MRI contrast. This contrast is being used to study both the structure and function of the brain. So far, phase images of the brain have been largely obtained at long echo times as maximum phase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is achieved at TE = T2* (∼40 ms at 3T). The structures of the brain, however, are compartmentalized and complex with a wide range of signal relaxation times. At such long TE, the short-T2 components are largely attenuated and contribute minimally to phase contrast. The purpose of this study was to determine whether proton gradient-echo images of the brain exhibit phase contrast at ultra-short TE (UTE). Our data showed that UTE images acquired at 7 T without off-resonance saturation do not contain significant phase contrast between gray and white matter. However, UTE images of the brain can attain strong phase contrast even at a nominal TE of 106 μs by using off-resonance RF saturation pulses, which provide direct saturation of ultra-short-T2 components and indirect saturation of longer-T2 components via magnetization transfer. In addition, phase contrast between gray and white matter acquired at UTE with off-resonance saturation is reversed compared to that of the long-T2 signals acquired at long TEs. This finding opens up a potential new way to manipulate image phase contrast of the brain. By accessing short and ultra-short-T2 species, MRI phase images may further improve the characterization of tissue microstructure in the brain.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2GpAlux

Castanea mollissima shell prevents an over expression of inflammatory response and accelerates the dermal wound healing

Publication date: 28 June 2018
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 220
Author(s): Pei Luo, Xinjie Li, Yujie Ye, Xiang Shu, Jiaojiao Gong, Jianping Wang
Ethnopharmacological relevanceCastanea mollissima shell (CMS) has been used for wound healing in China as traditional medicine. The shell is directly applied on the wounded skin as fine powder or as water maceration.Aim of the studyTo investigate the wound healing activity of CMS and the potential mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity.Materials and methodsThe effects of ethanol extract of CMS (ECMS) on nitricoxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)− 6 productions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells were explored by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in vitro. To study wound healing properties of ECMS in vivo, excision and incision wound models were performed on rats. Inflammatory cytokines from wound biopsies such as NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production were tested by ELISA. mRNA levels of iNOS, cyclooxygenase (COX) −2 and TNF-α were detected by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and protein levels of IL-1β and Heme Oxygenase (HO) −1 were analyzed by Western blotting.ResultsECMS potently inhibited LPS-induced production of IL-6, NO and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. The presence of quercetin, kaempferol, ursolic acid and gallic acid in ECMS might be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. 3% and 5% w/w ECMS significantly accelerated the wound healing process in both wound models, evidenced by the faster rate of wound contraction, epithelialization, increased hydroxyproline content, high tensile strength, decreased level of inflammatory markers compared to the control group. Histopathological studies also revealed the amelioration of wound healing by re-epithelialization, collagenation and vascularization of wounded skin sample in ECMS treated groups.ConclusionThe experimental data revealed that CMS had ability to prevent exaggerated inflammation and accelerates wound epithelialization and might be beneficial for healing dermal wounds.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2pWVeq7