Κυριακή 25 Νοεμβρίου 2018
Fitspiration and thinspiration: a comparison across three social networking sites
Abstract
Background
Fitspiration, or images and text promoting health and fitness, and thinspiration, or images and text promoting thinness, have both received criticism for their negative effects on body image and dieting behaviors. In this study, we critically examined and compared the content of fitspiration and thinspiration on three social networking sites (SNS).
Methods
Fitspiration and thinspiration posts (N = 360) from three photo-sharing SNS (Instagram, Tumblr, and Twitter) were collected quasi-randomly on four days over two weeks. Image and associated text content were coded for variables related to weight and shape, muscularity, thin ideal, and eating. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests compared content of fitspiration and thinspiration posts overall and among the three SNS.
Results
Thinspiration images portrayed body parts more frequently than fitspiration (69.8% vs. 30.2%). Similarly, posts highlighting bony body features and references to mental illness appeared only in thinspiration. No differences were found between fitspiration and thinspiration posts with regard to sexual suggestiveness, appearance comparison, and messages encouraging restrictive eating. Fitspiration and thinspiration posts included similar images across the three SNS—focusing on appearance, sexually suggestive images, and restrictive eating—with three exceptions. Fitspiration posts exhibiting body positivity were found only on Tumblr. In thinspiration posts, references to mental illness were more frequent on Tumblr and Instagram than on Twitter, and bone emphasis was coded more frequently on Twitter than on Instagram.
Conclusions
Although fitspiration posts were less extreme than thinspiration posts on the whole, notable similarities in their content support that fitspiration endorses problematic attitudes towards fitness, body image, and restrictive eating in pursuit of a fit-and-thin body ideal.
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Eating disorders in biological males: clinical presentation and consideration of sex differences in a pediatric sample
Abstract
Background
The growing body of research on eating disorders among male adolescents reveals some sex differences in clinical presentation. The current study set out to replicate and extend recent research on the clinical and medical characteristics of male youth with eating disorders, and examine sex differences between biological males and females in a tertiary pediatric eating disorder treatment setting.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted with all biological males who were admitted to the Eating Disorders Programs at British Columbia Children's Hospital (2003–2015) or the Looking Glass Residence (2011–2015). Clinical data, including demographics, percentage of median body mass index (% mBMI), and psychiatric diagnoses, were recorded along with medical data (i.e., vital signs, basic biochemistry investigations, and bone mineral density). A comparison group of females with eating disorders who received treatment at British Columbia Children's Hospital in the inpatient or outpatient streams (2010–2015) were included, to examine sex differences with males who were admitted during the same period.
Results
A total of 71 male youth were included in the chart review. Males had significant medical complications, with 26.5% of the sample presenting with a heart rate of less than 50 beats per minute and 31.4% presenting with a bone mineral density z-score for the lumbar spine ≤ − 1. Sex differences between the subset of males who were treated between 2010 and 2015 (n = 41) and the females (n = 251) were examined. Females were more likely than were males to have a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, and to be underweight (< 95% mBMI) at admission. Males were younger than females, but no differences emerged in the duration of the eating disorder symptoms. No sex differences emerged relating to medical instability (e.g., bradycardia).
Conclusions
A large proportion of male children and youth with eating disorders are medically compromised at admission. Males were younger than females, and were less likely than females to have a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Males who were underweight at admission had also lost a lower percentage of body weight in comparison to females. The current study replicates previous sex differences reported in pediatric samples.
https://ift.tt/2RdMjNt
Future research priorities for lichen sclerosus – results of a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
Abstract
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory genital skin condition affecting men, women and children. Long‐term complications include loss of normal anatomy from scarring, and malignant transformation. Uncertainties exist about the cause, diagnosis and management of LS. For example, the aetiology is contested; evidence suggests that chronic irritation by occluded urine is important in males,1 however, autoimmune mechanisms are proposed in females.2 Genetic associations are suggested in both sexes. Existing evidence on which to make recommendations about management and the prevention of malignancy, is generally poor quality.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Scholar : Journal of Natural History, Volume 52, Issue 37-38, October - October 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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