No abstract available
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Κυριακή 22 Ιουλίου 2018
Correction to: Adsorption and desorption of potentially toxic metals on modified biosorbents through new green grafting process
The author's email address of Hai Nguyen Tran should be inserted.
https://ift.tt/2O7XhCM
Favorable compatibility of nitenpyram with the aphid predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Abstract
The increasing demand for lessening the chemical input in agricultural ecosystems requires an efficient combination of pesticides and biological controls. Thus, fully understanding the compatibility of pesticides and beneficial arthropod predators is helpful and essential. In this study, we evaluated the influence of nitenpyram on both larvae and adults of Coccinella septempunctata using exposure doses of 10, 25, 50, 100, and 150% of the maximum recommended field rate (MRFR) (3, 7.5, 15, 30, and 45 g a.i. ha−1, respectively) and a blank control based on a preliminary acute 72-h toxicity experiment. In the long-term test, the LR50 (application rate causing the mortality of 50% of the individuals) of nitenpyram for C. septempunctata decreased from 73.43 to 63.0 g a.i. ha−1, while the HQ (hazard quotient) values remained below the threshold value of 2. Nitenpyram did not significantly influence the survival rate, fecundity, pupation, or adult emergence at 150% of the label rate (lowest LR50 = 63.0 g a.i. ha−1), and its demonstrated NOER (No Observed Effect application Rates) values are all above 45 g a.i. ha−1. Likewise, the total developmental time and egg hatchability were not significantly affected at 100% of the label rate (NOER = 30 g a.i. ha−1). The assessment of the total effect (E) suggested that nitenpyram could be classified as harmless to C. septempunctata below/at a dose of 30 g a.i. ha−1. The lowest LR50 and NOER values were both above the maximum recommended field application rate for nitenpyram (30 g a.i. ha−1) for controlling aphids in China. All results indicated that the on-label use of nitenpyram is compatible with the natural enemy C. septempunctata in agricultural ecosystems.
https://ift.tt/2NErl8j
Effects of short- and long-term exposures of humic acid on the Anammox activity and microbial community
Abstract
Humic acid has a controversial effect on the biological treatment processes. Here, we have investigated humic acid effects on the Anammox activity by studying the nitrogen removal efficiencies in batch and continuous conditions and analyzing the microbial community using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. The results showed that the Anammox activity was affected by the presence of humic acid at a concentration higher than 70 mg/L. In fact, in the presence of humic acid concentration of 200 mg/L, the Anammox activity decreased to 57% in batch and under continuous condition, the ammonium removal efficiencies of the reactor decreased from 78 to 41%. This reduction of Anammox activity after humic acid addition was highlighted by FISH analysis which revealed a considerable reduction of the abundance of Anammox bacteria and the bacteria living in symbiosis with them. Furthermore, a total inhibition of Candidatus Brocadia fulgida was observed. However, humic acid has promoted heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria which became dominant in the reactor. In fact, the evolution of the organic matter in the reactor showed that the added humic acid was used as carbon source by heterotrophic bacteria which explained the shift of metabolism to the favor of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Accordingly, humic acid should be controlled in the influent to avoid Anammox activity inhibition.
https://ift.tt/2OapLMv
Efficacy of Osimertinib in EGFR -Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Leptomeningeal Metastases Pretreated with EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Abstract
Background
The prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who develop leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is poor.
Objective
To assess the clinical efficacy of osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI), in patients with epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLCs and LM.
Patients and Methods
Retrospective study of NSCLC patients with osimertinib-treated EGFR-mutated NSCLC and LM.
Results
Twenty patients (mean age, 61.2 years; 70% women) with adenocarcinoma NSCLC were included in the study. EGFR mutations were reported in exons 18 (n = 2), 19 (n = 7), and 21 (n = 11). Before starting osimertinib, patients had received a mean of 2.3 treatment lines. When LM was diagnosed, all patients had clinical symptoms. Sixteen (80%) patients had a performance status ≥2. At osimertinib initiation, 13 (65%) patients harbored the EGFR-T790M–resistance mutation. Osimertinib was started at 80 (n = 17), 160 (n = 2), or 40 mg/day (n = 1). All 13 (100%) patients with the T790M mutation and 4 (57%) of those without it obtained clinical responses. Among the 11 radiologically assessable patients, 9 (82%) responded, with 5 responses reported within 15 days after treatment initiation. Median overall survival and progression-free survival were 18.0 and 17.2 months, respectively, from the start of osimertinib.
Conclusions
In this non-selected population, osimertinib had remarkable efficacy in NSCLC patients with LM irrespective of the presence of the EGFR-T790M–resistance mutation. Osimertinib efficacy was rapid in several patients, even some with poor performance status.
https://ift.tt/2JM6HAE
Naturally occurring polymorphisms in the virulence regulator Rsp modulate Staphylococcus aureus survival in blood and antibiotic susceptibility.
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Naturally occurring polymorphisms in the virulence regulator Rsp modulate Staphylococcus aureus survival in blood and antibiotic susceptibility.
Microbiology. 2018 Jul 20;:
Authors: Krishna A, Holden MTG, Peacock SJ, Edwards AM, Wigneshweraraj S
Abstract
Nasal colonization by the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for subsequent infection. Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding the virulence regulator Rsp are associated with the transition of S. aureus from a colonizing isolate to one that causes bacteraemia. Here, we report the identification of several novel activity-altering mutations in rsp detected in clinical isolates, including for the first time, mutations that enhance agr operon activity. We assessed how these mutations affected infection-relevant phenotypes and found loss and enhancement of function mutations to have contrasting effects on S. aureus survival in blood and antibiotic susceptibility. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that suggests S. aureus 'trades off' virulence for the acquisition of traits that benefit survival in the host, and indicates that infection severity and treatment options can be significantly affected by mutations in the virulence regulator rsp.
PMID: 30028663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
https://ift.tt/2NwNtkK
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