Σάββατο 1 Δεκεμβρίου 2018
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor polymorphisms are associated with dry skin phenotypes in Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis
Summary
Background
Epidermal barrier dysfunction is the initial event in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Recent studies have identified a crucial role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in controlling the gene expression of filaggrin and other skin barrier proteins, suggesting an underlying association between AHR and AD pathogenesis.
Aim
To investigate the role of AHR gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to AD and in AD‐associated phenotypes.
Methods
We enrolled 487 patients with AD, 210 patients with psoriasis and 226 healthy controls (HCs) from the Han Chinese population, and genotyped two AHR single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10249788 and rs2066853) by PCR and subsequent DNA sequencing.
Results
The AHR rs10249788 and rs2066853 polymorphisms were found in both sets of patients (AD and psoriasis) and in HCs, but no significant differences were detected in genotype or allele frequencies between the three groups. However, patients with AD with the rs10249788 (CT/TT) or rs2066853 (AG + AA) genotype were more likely to have severe dry skin scores. In the stratification analysis, the AHR rs2066853 (AG + AA) and rs10249788 (CT + TT) genotypes could predict a higher risk of severe dry skin phenotypes in the male, early‐onset and allergic rhinitis subgroups. Furthermore, the combined rs10249788 (CT + TT) and rs2066853 (AG + AA) genotypes led to a higher risk for severe dry skin in patients with AD.
Conclusion
AHR polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of AD; however, they may predict a dry skin phenotype in patients with AD.
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Sex‐ and age‐adjusted prevalence estimates of skin types and unpleasant skin sensations and their consequences on the quality of life: Results from a study of a large representative sample of the French population
Abstract
In France, the consumption of cosmetics was recently evaluated: the mean number of cosmetic products used daily by French consumers is 16 for women (18 if they are pregnant), 8 for men, 7 for girls (4‐14 years old), 5 for boys (4‐14 years old) and 6 for babies (0‐3 years old, both sexes)1, especially facial moisturizers, with a higher product exposure amounts than expected. Nonetheless, little is known about the prevalence of cosmetic disorders in the general population.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Use of an Alternative Method to Evaluate Erythema Severity in a Clinical Trial: Difference in Vehicle Response With Evaluation of Baseline and Postdose Photographs for Effect of Oxymetazoline Cream 1.0% for Persistent Erythema of Rosacea in a Phase 4 Study
Summary
Background
Once‐daily topical oxymetazoline cream 1.0% significantly reduced persistent facial erythema of rosacea in trials requiring live, static patient assessments.
Objective
To critically evaluate the methodology of clinical trials that require live, static patient assessments by determining whether assessment of erythema is different when reference to the baseline photograph is allowed.
Methods
In two identically designed, randomised, phase 3 trials, adults with persistent facial erythema of rosacea applied oxymetazoline or vehicle once daily. This phase 4 study evaluated standardised digital facial photographs from the phase 3 trials to record ≥1‐grade Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA) improvement at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours postdose.
Results
Among 835 patients (oxymetazoline n=415, vehicle n=420), significantly greater proportions of patients treated with oxymetazoline versus vehicle (P<0.0001) achieved ≥1‐grade CEA improvement (up to 85.3% vs 29.8%). When reference to baseline photographs was allowed while evaluating posttreatment photographs, the results for oxymetazoline were similar to results of the phase 3 trials, but a significantly lower proportion of vehicle recipients achieved ≥1‐grade CEA improvement (up to 52.3% vs 29.7%; P<0.001). Up to 80.2% of oxymetazoline patients achieved at least moderate erythema improvement, versus up to 22.9% of vehicle patients. The association between patients' satisfaction with facial skin redness and percentage of erythema improvement was statistically significant (Spearman rank correlation, 0.1824; P<0.0001 [oxymetazoline]; 0.0623; P=0.01 [vehicle]).
Conclusions
Assessment of study photographs, with comparison to baseline, confirmed significant erythema reduction with oxymetazoline on the first day of application. Compared to the phase 3 trials results, significantly fewer vehicle recipients attained ≥1‐grade CEA improvement, inferring a mitigated vehicle effect. This methodology may improve the accuracy of clinical trials evaluating erythema severity.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Living with alopecia areata: An online qualitative survey study
Abstract
Background
Living with alopecia areata, totalis and universalis (collectively referred to here as AA) involves unpredictable, sometimes rapid hair loss. There is currently no effective treatment and patients describe feelings of shock, loss, trauma and disrupted identity. Cultural meanings attached to hair and hair loss, including associations between hair and femininity, and hair loss and cancer may exacerbate distress. Consequently, wigs and make‐up are frequently used as camouflage, but this can produce feelings of inauthenticity, shame and anxiety.
Objectives
To explore how meanings associated with hair and hair loss influence experiences of living with AA. To identify how this understanding might inform practice by healthcare professionals to best support patients to cope with the condition.
Methods
Ninety‐five participants with AA completed an online qualitative survey about their experiences of living with the condition. Data were subjected to thematic analysis within a critical realist theoretical framework.
Results
Four themes were identified: It's (not) just hair; A restricted life; Abandon hope all ye who lose their hair; and Seeking support in "a highly personal journey".
Conclusions
Findings suggest that negative cultural meanings of hair and hair loss are pervasive and may drive social avoidance and camouflage behaviours in people with AA. Normalising social interactions with healthcare practitioners, significant others and peers were cited as pivotal to positive adjustment. Support groups and online forums were highly valued particularly as few had been offered specialist psychological support. Future research should develop and evaluate psychological support to address the specific challenges of living with AA.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Therapy of moderate-to-severe Graves’ orbitopathy with intravenous methylprednisolone pulses is not associated with loss of bone mineral density
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse administration on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck in patients with moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO).
Methods
Thirty-five patients with GO in euthyreosis were treated with 12 IVMP pulses (6 × 0.5 g, 6 × 0.25 g on a weekly schedule). Supplementation with 1.0 g of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D was initiated in all patients before beginning therapy. BMD of the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and the femoral neck were assessed at baseline and after the last IVMP pulse using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To determine differences in BMD between values at baseline and after treatment, we used the least significant change (LSC) methodology. LSC values were calculated to be 3 and 5% for the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, respectively. Change in BMD equal to or exceeding the LSC was assessed as either increase or decrease of BMD. We then compared pre-treatment and post-treatment mean BMD values at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck.
Results
We did not observe a decrease of BMD at any site equal to or exceeding the LSC. We found an increase of BMD in at least one measurement site equal to or exceeding the LSC value in 43% of patients, mostly in the lumbar spine (31%). Mean femoral neck BMD did not change while mean lumbar BMD increased.
Conclusions
IVMP given in weekly intravenous pulses does not lead to loss of BMD of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck.
https://ift.tt/2DRIwRU
Therapy of moderate-to-severe Graves’ orbitopathy with intravenous methylprednisolone pulses is not associated with loss of bone mineral density
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse administration on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck in patients with moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO).
Methods
Thirty-five patients with GO in euthyreosis were treated with 12 IVMP pulses (6 × 0.5 g, 6 × 0.25 g on a weekly schedule). Supplementation with 1.0 g of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D was initiated in all patients before beginning therapy. BMD of the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and the femoral neck were assessed at baseline and after the last IVMP pulse using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To determine differences in BMD between values at baseline and after treatment, we used the least significant change (LSC) methodology. LSC values were calculated to be 3 and 5% for the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, respectively. Change in BMD equal to or exceeding the LSC was assessed as either increase or decrease of BMD. We then compared pre-treatment and post-treatment mean BMD values at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck.
Results
We did not observe a decrease of BMD at any site equal to or exceeding the LSC. We found an increase of BMD in at least one measurement site equal to or exceeding the LSC value in 43% of patients, mostly in the lumbar spine (31%). Mean femoral neck BMD did not change while mean lumbar BMD increased.
Conclusions
IVMP given in weekly intravenous pulses does not lead to loss of BMD of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck.
https://ift.tt/2DRIwRU
Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 70: Preparation of Innovative Skin Compatible Films to Release Polysaccharides for Biobased Beauty Masks
Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 70: Preparation of Innovative Skin Compatible Films to Release Polysaccharides for Biobased Beauty Masks
Cosmetics doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5040070
Authors: Maria-Beatrice Coltelli Serena Danti Luisa Trombi Pierfrancesco Morganti Giovanna Donnarumma Adone Baroni Alessandra Fusco Andrea Lazzeri
The preparation and selection of biobased materials compatible with skin is essential for producing innovative and highly eco-friendly beauty masks. The use of a commercial elastomeric poly(hydroxyalkanoate) and starch was fundamental to select materials for bioplastic films with the necessary resistance in wet conditions, skin compatibility and capacity for a fast release of polysaccharides and similar active and functional molecules. Micrometric calcium carbonate was also used to control the stickiness of film during moulding. Starch release in water was investigated by gravimetric and infrared analyses. The compatibility with skin was investigated via two different in vitro tests based on human keratinocytes and human mesenchymal stromal cells. The materials were highly cytocompatible with skin, enabled immune modulation by keratinocytes and starch release in water up to 49% by weight in 30 min. These outcomes are a good starting point for boosting the production of biobased and biodegradable beauty masks, thus decreasing the impact onto environment of cosmetic products that are currently still mainly produced using petrol-based substrates.
https://ift.tt/2KLjEgd
Nanoparticle-mediated local delivery of pioglitazone attenuates bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis
Publication date: Available online 1 December 2018
Source: Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): Mai Kanemaru, Jun Asai, Jun-ichiro Jo, Takahiro Arita, Minako Kawai-Ohnishi, Miho Tsutsumi, Makoto Wada, Yasuhiko Tabata, Norito Katoh
Abstract
Background
Nanoparticle-loaded delivery systems have attracted much attention recently. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most successful biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. There are only a few studies on the treatment of dermal fibrosis with sustained-release drugs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) plays an important role in endogenous anti-fibrotic defense mechanisms. Recent studies have suggested that pioglitazone, a synthetic PPAR-γ activator, has effects beyond reducing blood sugar and it can reduce fibrosis and inflammation when used systemically.
Objective
We aimed to assess the effects of local injections of pioglitazone-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PGN-NP) on an experimental sclerosis and to demonstrate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered PLGA nanoparticles.
Methods
Locally injectable PGN-NP were prepared and subcutaneously administered to bleomycin (BLM)-induced scleroderma model mice. The effect of pioglitazone was also evaluated with cultured fibroblasts. Coumarin-6-loaded fluorescent PLGA nanoparticles (FL-NP) and silicon naphthalocyanine-loaded near-infrared PLGA nanoparticles (NIR-NP) were used to demonstrate in vitro cellular uptake by cultured fibroblasts and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered nanoparticles.
Results
Weekly subcutaneous injections of PGN-NP attenuated skin fibrosis in BLM-induced scleroderma model mice. Pioglitazone significantly suppressed migration ability and TGF-β-mediated myofibroblast differentiation in cultured fibroblasts. FL-NP were internalized into cultured fibroblasts within 60 min, and PGN-NP-primed fibroblasts expressed anti-fibrotic phenotypes. Subcutaneously injected NIR-NP remained in the vicinity of the injection site more than non-particulate silicon naphthalocyanine.
Conclusion
These results provide a basis for the development of new treatments for dermal fibrosis and a better understanding of the potential of
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The key question of irradiance when it comes to the effects of visible light in the skin
Publication date: Available online 1 December 2018
Source: Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): Thierry Passeron
https://ift.tt/2Qt86Dv
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