Resting state brain connectivity patterns before eventual relapse into cocaine abuse

Publication date: 1 June 2017
Source:Behavioural Brain Research SreeTestContent1, Volume 327
Author(s): M. Berlingeri, D. Losasso, A. Girolo, E. Cozzolino, T. Masullo, M. Scotto, M. Sberna, G. Bottini, E. Paulesu
According to recent theories, drug addicted patients suffer of an impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (I-RISA) together with a perturbed connectivity between the nuclei accumbens (NAcs) and the orbito-prefrontal (oPFC) and dorsal prefrontal (dPFC) cortices, brain regions associated with motivation and cognitive control. To empirically test these assumptions, we evaluated the (neuro)psychological trait and the functional organization of the resting state brain networks associated with the NAcs in 18 former cocaine abusers (FCAs), while being in drug abstinence since 5 months. The psychological data were grouped into three empirical variables related with emotion regulation, emotion awareness and strategic and controlled behaviour.Comparison of the resting state patterns between the entire sample of FCAs and 19 controls revealed a reduction of functional connectivity between the NAcs and the dPFC and enhanced connectivity between the NAcs and the dorsal-striatum. In the 8 FCAs who relapsed into cocaine use after 3 months, the level of functional connectivity between the NAcs and dPFC was lower than the functional connectivity estimated in the group of patients that did not relapsed. Finally, in the entire sample of FCAs, the higher the connectivity between the NAc and the oPFC the lower was the level of strategic and controlled behaviour.Taken together, these results are compatible with models of the interactions between the NAcs, the dorsal striatum and frontal cortices in the I-RISA syndrome, showing that such interactions are particularly perturbed in patients at greater risk of relapse into cocaine abuse.



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Free Triiodothyronine/Free Thyroxine Ratio rather than Thyrotropin is more associated with Metabolic Parameters in Healthy Euthyroid Adult Subjects

Abstract

Objective

The interrelation between TSH, thyroid hormones, and metabolic parameters is complex and has not been confirmed. This study aimed to determine the association of TSH and thyroid hormones in euthyroid subjects and the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic risk factors. Furthermore, this study examined whether thyroid function has predictive power for metabolic syndrome.

Design

This is a cross-sectional study that included subjects in a medical health check-up program at a single institution.

Patients

The study included 132,346 participants (66,991 men and 65,355 women) aged over 18 years who had TSH, free T4 (FT4), and free T3 (FT3) levels within the institutional reference ranges.

Measurements

TSH, FT4, FT3, and metabolic parameters including height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and glucose were measured.

Results

There was a positive association between FT3/FT4 ratio and TSH in both men and women after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, and menopausal status (in women). The FT3/FT4 ratio and TSH were positively associated with risk of metabolic syndrome parameters including insulin resistance. The FT3/FT4 ratio had a greater predictive power than TSH for metabolic syndrome in both men and women.

Conclusions

TSH levels were positively associated with FT3/FT4 ratio within the euthyroid range. The higher FT3/FT4 ratio is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome parameters and insulin resistance. FT3/FT4 ratio has a better predictive power for metabolic syndrome than TSH.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Safety and Efficacy of Treatment with Asfotase Alfa in Patients with Hypophosphatasia: Results from a Japanese Clinical Trial

Summary

Objective

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare skeletal disease characterized by hypomineralization and low alkaline phosphatase activity. Asfotase alfa (AA) has been recently developed to treat HPP complications. This study evaluated its safety and efficacy in Japan.

Design

Open-label, multicenter, prospective trial. Patients were enrolled in 11 hospitals from June 2014 to July 2015.

Patients

Thirteen patients (9 females, 4 males) ages 0 days to 34 years at baseline were enrolled and treated with AA (2 mg/kg three times weekly subcutaneously in all but one patient). All had ALPL gene mutations. HPP forms were perinatal (n = 6), infantile (n = 5), childhood (n = 1), and adult (n = 1).

Measurements

Safety determined from adverse events (AEs) and laboratory data was the primary outcome measure. Efficacy was assessed as a secondary outcome measure from overall survival, respiratory status, rickets severity, and gross motor development.

Results

Injection site reactions were the most frequent AEs. Serious AEs possibly related to treatment were convulsion and hypocalcemia observed in a patient with the perinatal form. In addition, hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia was observed in three patients with the infantile form and a low-calcium and/or low-phosphate formula was given to these patients. With respect to efficacy, all patients survived and the radiographic findings, developmental milestones, and respiratory function improved.

Conclusion

AA therapy improved skeletal, respiratory, and physical symptoms with a few serious AEs in patients with HPP. Our results add support to the safety and efficacy of AA therapy for HPP patients.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) of the vitreous humor in abused children with retinal hemorrhages

Publication date: Available online 3 April 2017
Source:Clinical Imaging
Author(s): Misun Hwang, Samuel S. Shin, Matthew A. Thimm, Anish Ghodadra, Christin L. Sylvester, Ken Nischal, Ashok Panigrahy, Giulio Zuccoli
This study speculated that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the vitreous humor might be altered in the setting of abusive head trauma (AHT) with retinal hemorrhages (RH). Fourty-four subjects were analyzed (n=20 AHT cases; n=24 controls). There was no statistically significant difference in normalized ADC values between the cases and controls (−0.14 and −0.08 respectively, p=0.46), but analysis of RH by susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) compared to dilated funduscopic exam demonstrated statistically significant correlation (p=0.003 and 0.012). Our results suggest that SWI serves as a more sensitive diagnostic tool for detection of RH in AHT than ADC.



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Striae distensae: Immunohistochemical assessment of hormone receptors in multigravida and nulligravida

Summary

Background

Striae distensae (SD), a type of dermal scarring, are psychologically disappointing. To date, information and scientific research behind the role of hormonal factors in the development of SD are still unclear. It is vital to understand striae to offer patients the best therapeutic options.

Objectives

To investigate early alterations regarding the expression of estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors (estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in skin samples of multigravida (MG) and nulligravida (NG) cases and to compare them with normal controls.

Methods

This study included 30 subjects (10 MG and 10 NG cases with early SD and 10 healthy controls). Biopsies from SD lesions, perilesional normal skin of cases and normal skin of controls were examined immunohistochemically for ER, AR, and GR expression using immune peroxidase technique.

Results

Comparing MG and NG with controls, ER expression appeared reduced in MG and NG (P-value<.001), AR was elevated in MG (P-value<.05) with no considerable difference in NG (P-value>.05), while GR was elevated in both MG and NG (P-value<.05). On comparing perilesional skin with SD lesions in each of MG and NG groups, SD lesions revealed reduced ER expression in both groups (P-value<.05), whereas in MG group: AR expression was elevated with no difference detected regarding GR (P-value˃.05); meanwhile in NG, elevated expression in both AR and GR expression was noted (P-Value<.001)

Conclusions

Striae distansae lesions demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of AR and GR and a declined expression of ER indicating their involvement in the development of early SD.

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Informatics Initiatives at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Publication date: Available online 3 April 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Author(s): L. Steven Molinar, Ann F. Childers, Lindsey Hoggle, Sue Kent, Holly Porter, Sarah Rusnak




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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ CPAP ]

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ CPAP ]

CPAP Adherence: Intensive Strategies may be necessary

IE Tapia, CL Marcus - 2017

Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) represent a growing segment of the population, partly
due to better medical care. 1; 2 These individuals face similar diseases as adults with
normal cognitive functioning in addition to pathology related to their disability, which may

Incidence and influencing factors of continuous positive airway pressure treatment-emergent central sleep apnea in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea …

ZB Miao, YY Wang, R Sun, HL Lei, DJ Huang… - Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2017

... To investigate the incidence of treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (TE-CSA), the
characteristics of demography and the influencing factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
syndrome (OSAS) after initial continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration at high ...

Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and fibrin clot properties: a novel pathogenetic link with cardiovascular disease?

M Doumas, K Stavropoulos, K Imprialos - Journal of Hypertension, 2017

You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the
server. Please enable scripts and reload this page. ...

Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Left Ventricular Systolic Loading and Coronary Flow Reserve in Healthy Young Men

V Schulze, C Meyer, C Eickholt, R Sansone, S Keymel… - Heart, Lung and Circulation, 2017

... Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). Continuous positive airway pressure
was applied using a nasal mask with pressure of 5 mbar and 10 mbar each. ... Impact
of CPAP on Incident Aortic Pressure Wave and Reflection. ...

Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure in adults with an intellectual disability

KA Luijks, NL Vandenbussche, D Pevernagie… - Sleep Medicine, 2017

This retrospective study evaluated the feasibility of continuous positive airway
pressure (CPAP) therapy in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID).CPAP ther. ... of CPAP
treatment.". 2.2. CPAP protocol. 2.2.1. Patients with ID. At the ...

[PDF] Patent ductus arteriosus–clinical profile and outcome after treatment in a tertiary care hospital

D Prithviraj, B Reddy, S Rajeshwari, U Jain - Pediatric Review: International Journal …, 2017

... Screening ECHO was done on all the preterm babies, term babies with respiratory distress,
murmur, features of CHF and all the babies requiring respiratory support like oxygen by hood
or CPAP or ventilation [6]. PDA if detected was included in the study and treated if found ...

Case 1: Intramuscular Hematoma in a Neonate in the Nursery

D Nanda, A Thukral, S Nangia - NeoReviews, 2017

... Early rescue (bovine) surfactant is administered 45 minutes after birth, ventilator settings
are gradually lowered, and the neonate undergoes extubation and receives nasal
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 24 hours after birth. ...

[PDF] Upregulation of the long noncoding RNA LINC00538 contributes to the tumorigenesis in papillary thyroid cancer

F Song, SQ Shen - Int J Clin Exp Med, 2017

... Furthermore, knocking down LINC00538 levels can markedly inhibit colony formation, proliferation
and migration in TPC1 and B-CPAP cells. ... LINC00538 knockdown can markedly decrease the colony
formation, migration and proliferation of TPC1 and B-CPAP cells. ...

[HTML] Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased QT corrected interval dispersion: the effects of continuous positive airway pressure

N Bilal, N Dikmen, F Bozkus, A Sungur, S Sarica… - Brazilian Journal of …, 2017

Severe obstructive sleepapnea (OSA) is associated with increased QT corrected interval
dispersion (QTcd) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is thoug. ...

[HTML] Treatment of infants with Syndromic Robin sequence with modified palatal plates: a minimally invasive treatment option

S Müller-Hagedorn, W Buchenau, J Arand, M Bacher… - Head & Face Medicine, 2017

... 51 children received only a TPP and 5 additionally continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP) or high-flow nasal cannula during sleep for mild residual OSA. ... In 3 children a
transitory switch from nasal cannula oxygen to CPAP was necessary. ...

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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΣΤΟΜΑ

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙΤΙΣ ]

[PDF] Alternative therapies for denture stomatitis treatment: in vivo experimental model in rats

GR Teodoro, GMG Lima, MB Silva, PC Lopes… - Brazilian Dental Science, 2017

Background: Denture stomatitis (DS) is a multifactorial condition that commonly affects
denture users and is mainly caused by Candida albicans. Due to the toxic effects of
antifungal therapy, new therapies for DS are claimed. Objective: The aim of the study was to

[PDF] Inhibition growth of pomegranate seeds extract against streptococcus sanguis: the cause of recurrent aphthous stomatitis

R Setiadhi, I Sufiawati, D Zakiawati, N Nur'aeny… - … Science (J Dentomaxillofac …, 2017

Objective: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seeds contain high of phytonutrients and
phytochemicals, rich in polyphenol antioxidants namely tannins and flavonoids which also
have antibacterial activity. Streptococcus sanguis is a bacterium known as one of the factors

Cabozantinib (C) exposure-response (ER) modeling of safety endpoints in patients (pts) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the phase III METEOR study.

S Lacy, MM Hutmacher, B Yang, RJ Motzer… - 2017

... the relationship between various individual predicted C exposure measures and the likelihood
of dose modification and 6 specific adverse events (AEs): fatigue/asthenia, palmar-plantar
erythrodysesthesia (PPE), nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, hypertension, and stomatitis. ...

[HTML] First clinical case report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in a domestic cat in France

JP Legroux, L Halos, M René-Martellet, M Servonnet… - BMC Veterinary Research, 2017

... D29. no clinical improvement. vomiting, stomatitis, abdomen pain, hyperthermia, anorexia,
severe depression. ... Day 63. Relapse: hyperthermia, anorexia depression and stomatitis.
Inclusions present in the blood smear. PCR positive for Cytauxzoon sp. ...

[PDF] Allergic reaction to acrylic resin in a patient with a provisional crown: case report

AMM Mesquita, JHM Silva, AN Kojima, RV Moura… - Brazilian Dental Science, 2017

... In the oral cavity, stomatitis that presents as thin, hemorrhagic tissue is known as moriform
stomatitis of Aguiar-Pupo. It has two forms: regressive and progressive. ... 2000;43:232-3. 4. Giunta
JL, Grauer I, Zablotsky N. Allergic contact stomatitis caused by acrylic resin. ...

Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (pfapa) syndrome in children.

VB Semianchuk - Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland: 1960), 2017

INTRODUCTION: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis
(PFAPA) syndrome refers to a group of primary immunodeficiencies, namely
autoinflammatory diseases. Most pediatricians and otolaryngologists do not suspect PFAPA

JOSD1 Negatively Regulates Type-I Interferon Antiviral Activity by Deubiquitinating and Stabilizing SOCS1

X Wang, L Zhang, Y Zhang, P Zhao, L Qian, Y Yuan… - Viral Immunology, 2017

... Immunofluorescence microscopy Cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus with the
green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene (VSV-GFP) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5
were subjected to analysis by im- munofluorescence microscopy. ...

Selected Abstracts From the Literature

PR Regmi, AL Shaw, SL Hungerford - Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 2017

... Diphtheritic stomatitis in yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) in New Zealand. ...
Diphtheritic stomatitis is a seasonal disease that has been recognized as a syndrome in
yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) chicks in New Zealand for >10 years. ...

Reporter Systems to Study HTLV-1 Transmission

C Gross, AK Thoma-Kress - Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses: Methods and …, 2017

... The latter is pseudotyped with VSV-G (glycoprotein G of the vesicular stomatitis virus). ... (d)
pMD2.G (VSV-G; TronoLab, Geneva, Switzerland): expression plasmid for glycoprotein G of the
vesicular stomatitis virus (for pseudotyping), Addgene Plasmid #12259. (e) ...

The SUNPAZ study: Results of an open label, single arm trial to evaluate patients with mRCC treated with everolimus after failure of first line therapy with sunitinib or …

M Schostak, A Nusch, P de Geeter, T Decker, A Resch… - 2017

... The most common adverse events (AE) regardless of any relation to study drug included anemia
(31.1% (SUN group) vs. 53.8% (PAZ group)), nausea (25.0 vs. 46.2%), stomatitis (12.5 vs. 61.5%),
peripheral edema (12.5 vs. 53.8%), and dyspnea (12.5 vs. 46.2%). ...

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