No abstract available
http://ift.tt/2o3KkvA
Τρίτη 11 Απριλίου 2017
Analyzing interactions on combining multiple clinical guidelines
Source:Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Author(s): Veruska Zamborlini, Marcos da Silveira, Cedric Pruski, Annette ten Teije, Edwin Geleijn, Marike van der Leeden, Martijn Stuiver, Frank van Harmelen
Accounting for patients with multiple health conditions is a complex task that requires analysing potential interactions among recommendations meant to address each condition. Although some approaches have been proposed to address this issue, important features still require more investigation, such as (re)usability and scalability. To this end, this paper presents an approach that relies on reusable rules for detecting interactions among recommendations coming from various guidelines. It extends a previously proposed knowledge representation model (TMR) to enhance the detection of interactions and it provides a systematic analysis of relevant interactions in the context of multimorbidity. The approach is evaluated in a case study on rehabilitation of breast cancer patients, developed in collaboration with experts. The results are considered promising to support the experts in this task.
http://ift.tt/2nD1G7q
One-lung ventilation using a bronchial blocker tube for a large tracheal carcinoma resection
από Xuelian Zhao, Jianfeng Fu, Xuan Zhou, Shasha Zhang στο Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
Μετάφραση άρθρου
The informed consent was obtained from the patient. A 57-year old woman was diagnosed as a trachea adenoid cystic carcinoma. A large tumor was found in the upper tracheal under fiber bronchoscopy (FBO), which the lower edge of the tumor was about 3cm proximal to the carina and the tumor size was about 4cm, obstructing the tracheal lumen by 92%. The gap at the narrowest intraluminal point was about 0.5cm (Fig.1A, B). Abnormal FEV 1% FVC: 22.07 and PaO2: 6.5kPa were detected by pulmonary function test and arterial blood gas test on room air respectively.
Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
6948891480
Anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial and genotoxic evaluation of Doliocarpus dentatus
Publication date: 23 May 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 204
Author(s): Raissa Borges Ishikawa, Maicon Matos Leitão, Roberto Mikio Kassuya, Luis Fernando Macorini, Flora Martinez Figueira Moreira, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Roberta Gomes Coelho, Arnildo Pott, Guilherme Martins Gelfuso, Julio Croda, Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira, Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
Ethnopharmacological relevanceDoliocarpus dentatus is a medicinal plant widely used in Mato Grosso do Sul State for removing the swelling pain caused by the inflammation process and for treating urine retention.Aim of the studyThe genotoxic aspects and the anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial activity of the ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of D. dentatus (EEDd) were investigated.Materials and methodsThe EEDd was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the compound composition was evaluated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The mice received oral administration of EEDd (30–300mg/kg) in carrageenan models of inflammation, and EEDd (10–1000mg/kg) was assayed by the comet, micronucleus, and phagocytosis tests and by the peripheral leukocyte count.ResultsPhenols (204.04mg/g), flavonoids (89.17mg/g), and tannins (12.05mg/g) as well as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, betulinic acid and betulin were present in the EEDd. The value of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEDd was 62.5µg/mL. The EEDd induced a significant decrease in the edema, mechanical hypersensitivity and leukocyte migration induced by carrageenan. The comet and micronucleus tests indicated that the EEDd was not genotoxic. The EEDd also did not change the phagocytic activity or the leukocyte perLipheral count.ConclusionsThe EEDd does not display genotoxicity, phagocytosis and could act as an antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. This study should contribute to ensuring the safe use of EEDd.
Graphical abstract
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Anti-inflammatory activity of Crateva adansonii DC on keratinocytes infected by Staphylococcus aureus: From traditional practice to scientific approach using HPTLC-densitometry
Publication date: 23 May 2017
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 204
Author(s): Kplolali Ahama-Esseh, Charles Bodet, Akossiwa Quashie-Mensah-Attoh, Magali Garcia, Isabelle Théry-Koné, Joelle Dorat, Comlan De Souza, Cécile Enguehard-Gueiffier, Leslie Boudesocque-Delaye
Ethnopharmacoligical relevanceLeaves of Crateva adansonii DC (Capparidaceae), a small bush found in Togo, are widely used in traditional medicine to cure infectious abscesses. Traditional healers of Lomé harvest only budding leaves early in the morning, in specific area in order to prepare their drugs.Aim of the studyThe main goal was to validate the ancestral picking practices, and to assess the activity of C. adansonii medicine towards infectious abscesses.Materials and methodsA phytochemical screening of various C. adansonii leaf samples was performed using an original HPTLC-densitometry protocol and major flavonoids were identified and quantified. C. adansonii samples were collected in different neighborhoods of Lomé, at different harvesting-times and at different ages. Radical scavenging capacity, using DPPH assay, was used to quickly screen all extracts. Extracts were tested for anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity and anti-inflammatory effect on human primary keratinocytes infected by S. aureus. IL6, IL8 and TNFα expression and production were assessed by RT-PCR and ELISA assays.ResultsUsing antioxidant activity as selection criteria, optimal extracts were obtained with budding leaves, collected at 5:00am in Djidjolé neighborhood. This extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory effect on S. aureus-infected keratinocytes by reducing IL6, IL8 and TNFα expression and production. None of the extracts inhibited the growth of S. aureus.ConclusionsThose results validate the traditional practices and the potential of C. adansonii as anti-inflammatory drug. Our findings suggest that traditional healers should add to C. adansonii leaves an antibacterial plant of Togo Pharmacopeia, in order to improve abscess healing.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2nCR2xn
CYCORE: Cyberinfrastructure for Comparative Effectiveness Research - Feasibility Trial
Conditions: Advanced Cancers; Colorectal Cancer; Head And Neck Cancer; Cancer Survivors
Interventions: Device: Smart phone; Device: Accelerometers; Device: Blood Pressure Monitor; Other: Telephone Surveys; Other: Home Visit; Device: Home Health Hub and Modem; Device: Carbon Monoxide (CO) Monitor; Device: Heat Rate Monitor; Device: Global Positioning System (GPS) Device; Other: Surveys; Device: Weight Scale; Device: Fitbit Monitor; Behavioral: At-Home Exercise Program; Behavioral: Physical Fitness Tests; Behavioral: Questionnaires; Behavioral: Lean Body Mass Assessment
Sponsors: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Recruiting - verified April 2017
http://ift.tt/2onubDi
Interventions: Device: Smart phone; Device: Accelerometers; Device: Blood Pressure Monitor; Other: Telephone Surveys; Other: Home Visit; Device: Home Health Hub and Modem; Device: Carbon Monoxide (CO) Monitor; Device: Heat Rate Monitor; Device: Global Positioning System (GPS) Device; Other: Surveys; Device: Weight Scale; Device: Fitbit Monitor; Behavioral: At-Home Exercise Program; Behavioral: Physical Fitness Tests; Behavioral: Questionnaires; Behavioral: Lean Body Mass Assessment
Sponsors: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Recruiting - verified April 2017
http://ift.tt/2onubDi
Survey Study and Records Review of Treatment Outcomes in Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome
Conditions: Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome; Arthrogryposis Distal Type 2A; Whistling Face Syndrome; Craniocarpotarsal Dysplasia; Craniocarpotarsal Dystrophy; Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome Variant; Sheldon-Hall Syndrome; Arthrogryposis Distal Type 2B; Gordon Syndrome; Arthrogryposis Distal Type 3; Arthrogryposis Distal Type 1; Arthrogryposis, Distal, Type 1A; Arthrogryposis Distal Type 1B; Arthrogryposis, Distal; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Arthrogryposis
Interventions: Other: PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C); Other: Modified Flanagan Quality of Life Scale; Other: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); Other: Functional Enquiry (or Review of Systems) Form; Other: Study of Therapeutic Outcomes and Practices in Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome (STOP-FSS) Questionnaire; Other: FSRG Semi-Structured Quality of Life Interview (FSRG SSQLI); Other: Medical Records Review
Sponsor: Freeman-Sheldon Research Group, Inc.
Recruiting - verified April 2017
http://ift.tt/2oxDSRE
Interventions: Other: PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C); Other: Modified Flanagan Quality of Life Scale; Other: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); Other: Functional Enquiry (or Review of Systems) Form; Other: Study of Therapeutic Outcomes and Practices in Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome (STOP-FSS) Questionnaire; Other: FSRG Semi-Structured Quality of Life Interview (FSRG SSQLI); Other: Medical Records Review
Sponsor: Freeman-Sheldon Research Group, Inc.
Recruiting - verified April 2017
http://ift.tt/2oxDSRE
Stem cell delivery in tissue-specific hydrogel enabled meniscal repair in an orthotopic rat model
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 132
Author(s): Xiaoning Yuan, Yiyong Wei, Aránzazu Villasante, Johnathan J.D. Ng, Derya E. Arkonac, Pen-hsiu Grace Chao, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
Interest in non-invasive injectable therapies has rapidly risen due to their excellent safety profile and ease of use in clinical settings. Injectable hydrogels can be derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of specific tissues to provide a biomimetic environment for cell delivery and enable seamless regeneration of tissue defects. We investigated the in situ delivery of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in decellularized meniscus ECM hydrogel to a meniscal defect in a nude rat model. First, decellularized meniscus ECM hydrogel retained tissue-specific proteoglycans and collagens, and significantly upregulated expression of fibrochondrogenic markers by hMSCs versus collagen hydrogel alone in vitro. The meniscus ECM hydrogel in turn supported delivery of hMSCs for integrative repair of a full-thickness defect model in meniscal explants after in vitro culture and in vivo subcutaneous implantation. When applied to an orthotopic model of meniscal injury in nude rat, hMSCs in meniscus ECM hydrogel were retained out to eight weeks post-injection, contributing to tissue regeneration and protection from joint space narrowing, pathologic mineralization, and osteoarthritis development, as evidenced by macroscopic and microscopic image analysis. Based on these findings, we propose the use of tissue-specific meniscus ECM-derived hydrogel for the delivery of therapeutic hMSCs to treat meniscal injury.
http://ift.tt/2ooobf5
Plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles for in vivo photoacoustic tomography imaging and photothermal cancer therapy
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 132
Author(s): Wenya He, Kelong Ai, Chunhuan Jiang, Yuanyuan Li, Xiangfu Song, Lehui Lu
Titanium nitride, an alternative plasmonic material to gold with unique physiochemical properties, has been widely used in microelectronics, biomedical devices and food-contact applications. However, its potential application in the area of biomedicine has not been effectively explored. With the spectral match of their plasmon resonance band and the biological transparency window as well as good biocompatibility, titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) are promising photoabsorbing agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging. Nevertheless, the photothermal performance of TiN NPs has not been investigated until now. Here, we presented the investigation of employing TiN NPs as photoabsorbing agents for in vivo photoacoustic tomography (PAT) imaging-guided photothermal cancer therapy. Our experimental results showed that TiN NPs could strongly absorb the NIR light and provided up to 48% photothermal conversion efficiency. After PEGylation, the resultant nanoparticles demonstrated improved physiological stability and extensive blood retention. Following intravenously administration, they could simultaneously enhance the photoacoustic signals of the tumor region and destroy tumors in the tumor-bearing mouse model by taking advantage of the photothermal effect of the TiN NPs. Our findings highlighted the great potential of plasmonic TiN NPs in detection and treatment of cancer.
http://ift.tt/2o0eTlN
Vaccine nanocarriers: Coupling intracellular pathways and cellular biodistribution to control CD4 vs CD8 T cell responses
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 132
Author(s): Marcela Rincon-Restrepo, Aaron Mayer, Sylvie Hauert, Daniel K. Bonner, Edward A. Phelps, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, Melody A. Swartz, Sachiko Hirosue
Nanoparticle delivery systems are known to enhance the immune response to soluble antigens (Ags) and are thus a promising tool for the development of new vaccines. Our laboratory has engineered two different nanoparticulate systems in which Ag is either encapsulated within the core of polymersomes (PSs) or decorated onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs). Previous studies showed that PSs are better at enhancing CD4 T cells and antibody titers, while NPs preferentially augment cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Herein, we demonstrate that the differential activation of T cell immunity reflects differences in the modes of intracellular trafficking and distinct biodistribution of the Ag in lymphoid organs, which are both driven by the properties of each nanocarrier. Furthermore, we found that Ags within PSs promoted better CD4 T cell activation and induced a higher frequency of CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. These differences correlated with changes in the frequency of germinal center B cells and plasma cell formation, which reflects the previously observed antibody titers. Our results show that PSs are a promising vector for the delivery of Ags for B cell vaccine development. This study demonstrates that nanocarrier design has a large impact on the quality of the induced adaptive immune response.
http://ift.tt/2oomfmF
Local induction of lymphangiogenesis with engineered fibrin-binding VEGF-C promotes wound healing by increasing immune cell trafficking and matrix remodeling
Publication date: July 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 131
Author(s): Esra Güç, Priscilla S. Briquez, Didier Foretay, Manuel A. Fankhauser, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, Witold W. Kilarski, Melody A. Swartz
Lymphangiogenesis occurs in inflammation and wound healing, yet its functional roles in these processes are not fully understood. Consequently, clinically relevant strategies for therapeutic lymphangiogenesis remain underdeveloped, particularly using growth factors. To achieve controlled, local capillary lymphangiogenesis with protein engineering and determine its effects on fluid clearance, leukocyte trafficking, and wound healing, we developed a fibrin-binding variant of vascular endothelial growth factor C (FB-VEGF-C) that is slowly released upon demand from infiltrating cells. Using a novel wound healing model, we show that implanted fibrin containing FB-VEGF-C, but not free VEGF-C, could stimulate local lymphangiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the effects of FB-VEGF-C were restricted to lymphatic capillaries, with no apparent changes to blood vessels and downstream collecting vessels. Leukocyte intravasation and trafficking to lymph nodes were increased in hyperplastic lymphatics, while fluid clearance was maintained at physiological levels. In diabetic wounds, FB-VEGF-C-induced lymphangiogenesis increased extracellular matrix deposition and granulation tissue thickening, indicators of improved wound healing. Together, these results indicate that FB-VEGF-C is a promising strategy for inducing lymphangiogenesis locally, and that such lymphangiogenesis can promote wound healing by enhancing leukocyte trafficking without affecting downstream lymphatic collecting vessels.
http://ift.tt/2o0dXy0
Free Recall Test Experience Potentiates Strategy-Driven Effects of Value on Memory.
Author: Cohen, Michael S.; Rissman, Jesse; Hovhannisyan, Mariam; Castel, Alan D.; Knowlton, Barbara J.
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000395
Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 10 April 2017
http://ift.tt/2o2Rctd
Long-Term Memory Biases Auditory Spatial Attention.
Author: Zimmermann, Jacqueline F.; Moscovitch, Morris; Alain, Claude
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000398
Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 10 April 2017
http://ift.tt/2p3RW66
Abrupt Strategy Change Underlies Gradual Performance Change: Bayesian Hierarchical Models of Component and Aggregate Strategy Use.
Author: Wynton, Sarah K. A.; Anglim, Jeromy
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000404
Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 10 April 2017
http://ift.tt/2o2W1Tt
Does Testing Increase Spontaneous Mediation in Learning Semantically Related Paired Associates?.
Author: Cho, Kit W.; Neely, James H.; Brennan, Michael K.; Vitrano, Deana; Crocco, Stephanie
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000414
Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 10 April 2017
http://ift.tt/2p3VrJx
Novel thyroid hormone analogues, enzyme inhibitors and mimetics, and their action
Publication date: Available online 11 April 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Author(s): Santanu Mondal, Govindasamy Mugesh
Thyroid hormones (THs) play key roles in modulating the overall metabolism of the body, protein synthesis, fat metabolism, neuronal and bone growth, and cardiovascular as well as renal functions. In this review, we discuss on the thyroid hormone synthesis and activation, thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and mechanism of action, applications of thyroid hormone analogues, particularly the compounds that are selective ligands for TRβ receptors, or enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of thyroidal disorders with a specific focus on thyroid peroxidase and iodothyronine deiodinases. We also discuss on the development of small-molecule deiodinase mimetics and their mechanism of deiodination, as these compounds have the potential to regulate the thyroid hormone levels.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2o2KtiX
“Rare place where I feel normal”: Perceptions of a social support conference among parents of and people with Moebius syndrome
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 64
Author(s): Kathleen R. Bogart, Erika Frandrup, Taylor Locke, Hanna Thompson, Natalie Weber, Jacqueline Yates, Nicholas Zike, Amanda R. Hemmesch Breaker
BackgroundMoebius syndrome is a rare congenital disorder resulting in impaired facial and eye movement. People with rare diseases like Moebius syndrome experience stigma and a lack of specialized information. Support conferences may provide important forms of social support for people with rare disorders.AimsTo examine reasons for attending, benefits, and limitations of support conferences.Methods and procedures50 adults with Moebius syndrome and 57 parents of people with Moebius syndrome completed open-ended items in an online study.Outcomes and resultsMixed- methods content analysis revealed that companionship and informational support were most frequently mentioned as reasons for and benefits of attending. Finances were the most frequently mentioned reason for not attending. Parents were more likely than people with Moebius to describe instrumental support as a conference benefit. When describing conference limitations, parents were significantly more concerned by lack of information relevance, while people with Moebius noted more often that conference attributes were not relevant to their age.Conclusions and implicationsBeing surrounded by others who share one's condition offers a unique opportunity for destigmatizing companionship support, which normalizes, reduces isolation, and promotes solidarity. Ways to increase facilitators and decrease barriers to accessing support for rare disorders should be investigated.
http://ift.tt/2p3AfU4
Surgeon-Reported Needs for Improved Training in Identifying and Managing Free Flap Compromise
J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601423
Background This study examined the need for improved training in the identification and management of free flap (FF) compromise and assessed a potential role for simulated scenario training. Methods Online needs assessment surveys were completed by plastic surgeons and a subsample with expertise in microsurgery education participated in focus groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mixed qualitative methods. Results In this study, 77 surgeons completed surveys and 11 experts participated in one of two focus groups. Forty-nine (64%) participants were educators, 65 and 45% of which reported having an insufficient volume of FF cases to adequately teach the management and identification of compromise, respectively. Forty-three percent of educators felt that graduating residents are not adequately prepared to manage FF compromise independently. Exposure to normal and abnormal FF cases was felt to be critical for effective training by focus group participants. Experts identified low failure rates, communication issues, and challenging teaching conditions as current barriers to training. Most educators (74%) felt that simulated scenario training would be "very useful" or "extremely useful" to current residents. Focus groups highlighted the need for a widely accepted algorithm for re-exploration and salvage on which to base the development of a training adjunct consisting of simulated scenarios. Conclusion Trainee exposure to FF compromise is inadequate in existing plastic surgery programs. Early exposure, high case volume, and a standardized algorithmic approach to management with a focus on decision making may improve training. Simulated scenario training may be valuable in addressing current barriers.
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Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Calculus migration characterization during Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy by high-speed camera using suspended pendulum method
Abstract
Calculus migration is a common problem during ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy procedure to treat urolithiasis. A conventional experimental method to characterize calculus migration utilized a hosting container (e.g., a "V" grove or a test tube). These methods, however, demonstrated large variation and poor detectability, possibly attributed to the friction between the calculus and the container on which the calculus was situated. In this study, calculus migration was investigated using a pendulum model suspended underwater to eliminate the aforementioned friction. A high-speed camera was used to study the movement of the calculus which covered zero order (displacement), first order (speed), and second order (acceleration). A commercialized, pulsed Ho:YAG laser at 2.1 μm, a 365-μm core diameter fiber, and a calculus phantom (Plaster of Paris, 10 × 10 × 10 mm3) was utilized to mimic laser lithotripsy procedure. The phantom was hung on a stainless steel bar and irradiated by the laser at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 J energy per pulse at 10 Hz for 1 s (i.e., 5, 10, and 15 W). Movement of the phantom was recorded by a high-speed camera with a frame rate of 10,000 FPS. The video data files are analyzed by MATLAB program by processing each image frame and obtaining position data of the calculus. With a sample size of 10, the maximum displacement was 1.25 ± 0.10, 3.01 ± 0.52, and 4.37 ± 0.58 mm for 0.5, 1, and 1.5 J energy per pulse, respectively. Using the same laser power, the conventional method showed <0.5 mm total displacement. When reducing the phantom size to 5 × 5 × 5 mm3 (one eighth in volume), the displacement was very inconsistent. The results suggested that using the pendulum model to eliminate the friction improved sensitivity and repeatability of the experiment. A detailed investigation on calculus movement and other causes of experimental variation will be conducted as a future study.
http://ift.tt/2ox86E3
Temporal abundance and activity trends of vinyl chloride (VC)-degrading bacteria in a dilute VC plume at Naval Air Station Oceana
Abstract
Assessment and monitoring of microbial community dynamics is useful when tracking the progress of vinyl chloride (VC) bioremediation strategies, particularly in dilute plumes where apparent VC attenuation rates are low. In a long-term field study, the abundance and the activity of microbial VC degraders were tracked in three monitoring wells (MW05, MW25, and MW19) along a dilute VC plume at Naval Air Station (NAS) Oceana. High-throughput sequencing of partial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and transcripts revealed diverse groundwater microbial communities and showed that methanotrophs and anaerobic respirers (e.g., methanogens, sulfate reducers, and iron reducers) were among the most active and abundant guilds. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that among bacterial guilds with a potential to contribute to VC biodegradation, methanotrophs were the most abundant and active microbial group. Ethene-oxidizing bacterial populations were less abundant and relatively inactive compared to methanotrophs. In MW19, expression of functional genes associated with both aerobic VC oxidation and anaerobic VC reduction was observed. Overall, our results reveal that the groundwater community contains various active bacterial guilds previously associated with metabolic and cometabolic VC degradation processes either under aerobic and anaerobic conditions that might have contributed to the slowly decreasing VC concentrations at the NAS Oceana site over the 6-year study period.
http://ift.tt/2ox2pq0
Phytotoxicity of CeO 2 nanoparticles on radish plant ( Raphanus sativus )
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have been considered as one type of emerging contaminants that pose great potential risks to the environment and human health. The effect of CeO2 NPs on plant-edible parts and health evaluation remains is necessary and urgently to be developed. In this study, we cultivated radish in Sigma CeO2 NP (<25 nm)-amended soils across a series of concentration treatments, i.e., 0 mg/kg as the control and 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg CeO2 NPs. The results showed that CeO2 NPs accelerated the fresh biomass accumulation of radish plant; especially in the treatment of 50 mg/kg CeO2 NPs, root expansion was increased by 2.2 times as much as the control. In addition, the relative chlorophyll content enhanced by 12.5, 12.9, and 12.2% was compared to control on 40 cultivation days. CeO2 NPs were mainly absorbed by the root and improved the activity of antioxidant enzyme system to scavenge the damage of free radicals in radish root and leaf. In addition, this study also indicated that the nanoparticles might enter the food chain through the soil into the edible part of the plant, which will be a potential threat to human health.
http://ift.tt/2p5kl8G
The role of forest in mitigating the impact of atmospheric dust pollution in a mixed landscape
Abstract
Atmospheric dust pollution, especially particulate matter below 2.5 μm, causes 3.3 million premature deaths per year worldwide. Although pollution sources are increasingly well known, the role of ecosystems in mitigating their impact is still poorly known. Our objective was to investigate the role of forests located in the surrounding of industrial and urban areas in reducing atmospheric dust pollution. This was tested using lichen transplants as biomonitors in a Mediterranean regional area with high levels of dry deposition. After a multivariate analysis, we have modeled the maximum pollution load expected for each site taking into consideration nearby pollutant sources. The difference between maximum expected pollution load and the observed values was explained by the deposition in nearby forests. Both the dust pollution and the ameliorating effect of forested areas were then mapped. The results showed that forest located nearby pollution sources plays an important role in reducing atmospheric dust pollution, highlighting their importance in the provision of the ecosystem service of air purification.
http://ift.tt/2ox8L8G
Enzyme-based solutions for textile processing and dye contaminant biodegradation—a review
Abstract
The textile industry, as recognized conformist and stake industry in the world's economy, is facing serious environmental challenges. In numerous industries, in practice, various chemical-based processes from initial sizing to final washing are fascinating harsh environment concerns. Some of these chemicals are corrosive to equipment and cause serious damage itself. Therefore, in the twenty-first century, chemical and allied industries quest a paradigm transition from traditional chemical-based concepts to a greener, sustainable, and environmentally friendlier catalytic alternative, both at the laboratory and industrial scales. Bio-based catalysis offers numerous benefits in the context of biotechnological industry and environmental applications. In recent years, bio-based processing has received particular interest among the scientist for inter- and multi-disciplinary investigations in the areas of natural and engineering sciences for the application in biotechnology sector at large and textile industries in particular. Different enzymatic processes such as chemical substitution have been developed or in the process of development for various textile wet processes. In this context, the present review article summarizes current developments and highlights those areas where environment-friendly enzymatic textile processing might play an increasingly important role in the textile industry. In the first part of the review, a special focus has been given to a comparative discussion of the chemical-based "classical/conventional" treatments and the modern enzyme-based treatment processes. Some relevant information is also reported to identify the major research gaps to be worked out in future.
http://ift.tt/2p5y2oj
Revisiting inland hypoxia: diverse exceedances of dissolved oxygen thresholds for freshwater aquatic life
Abstract
Water resources in many regions are stressed by impairments resulting from climate change, population growth and urbanization. In the United States (US), water quality criteria (WQC) and standards (WQS) were established to protect surface waters and associated designated uses, including aquatic life. In inland waters of the south central US, for example, depressed dissolved oxygen (DO) consistently results in impaired aquatic systems due to noncompliance with DO WQC and WQS. In the present study, we systematically examined currently available DO threshold data for freshwater fish and invertebrates and performed probabilistic aquatic hazard assessments with low DO toxicity data that were used to derive the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC) for DO and newly published information. Aquatic hazard assessments predicted acute invertebrate DO thresholds for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, or Trichoptera (EPT) taxa and species inhabiting lotic systems to be more sensitive than fish. For example, these organisms were predicted to have acute low DO toxicity thresholds exceeding the US EPA guidelines 17, 26, 31 and 38% and 13, 24, 30 and 39% of the time at 8.0, 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 mg DO/L, respectively. Based on our analysis, it appears possible that low DO effects to freshwater organisms have been underestimated. We also identified influences of temperature on low DO thresholds and pronounced differences in implementation and assessment of the US EPA AWQC among habitats, seasons, and geographic regions. These results suggest some implemented DO guidelines may adversely affect the survival, growth, and reproduction of freshwater aquatic organisms in a region susceptible to climate change and rapid population growth. Given the global decline of species, particularly invertebrates, low DO threshold information, including sublethal (e.g., reproduction, behavior) responses, for additional species (e.g., mollusks, other invertebrates, warm water fish) across seasons, habitats, and life history stages using consistent experimental designs is needed to support more sustainable environmental assessment efforts and management of biodiversity protection goals in inland waters.
http://ift.tt/2owVsF8
Dysregulated homeostasis of target tissues or autoantigens - a novel principle in autoimmunity
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Frank Petersen, Xiaoyang Yue, Gabriela Riemekasten, Xinhua Yu
Monogenic autoimmune disorders provide a powerful tool for our understanding of the principles of autoimmunity due to the obvious impact of a single gene on the disease. So far, approximately 100 single gene defects causing murine monogenic autoimmune disorders have been reported and the functional characterization of these genes will provide significant progress in understanding the nature of autoimmunity. According to their function, genes leading to monogenic autoimmune disorders can be categorized into two groups. An expectable first group contains genes involved in the homeostasis of the immune system, including homeostasis of immune organs and immune cells. Intriguingly, the second group consists of genes functionally involved in the homeostasis of target tissues or autoantigens. According to our novel hypothesis, we propose that autoimmunity represents a consequence of a dysregulated homeostasis of the immune system and/or its targets including autoantigens and target tissues. In this review we refer to both aspects of homeostasis in autoimmunity with a highlight on the role of the homeostasis of target tissues and antoantigens.
http://ift.tt/2owSD70
Clinical Thyroidology for the Public – Highlighted Article
From Clinical Thyroidology for the Public: Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, is a common disorder with an estimated lifetime risk of 2-5% in the general population. Read More….
The post Clinical Thyroidology for the Public – Highlighted Article appeared first on American Thyroid Association.
http://ift.tt/2nBV355
CD11b regulates antibody class switching via induction of AID
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 87
Author(s): Seohyun Park, Hyunsub Sim, Hye-In Kim, Daecheol Jeong, Guang Wu, Soo Young Cho, Young Seek Lee, Hyung-Joo Kwon, Keunwook Lee
The integrin CD11b, which is encoded by the integrin subunit alpha M (ITGAM), is primarily expressed on the surface of innate immune cells. Genetic variations in ITGAM are among the strongest risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies. However, the regulatory function of CD11b in the antibody responses remains unclear. Here, we report the induction of CD11b in activated B2 B cells and define its unexpected role in immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination (CSR). LPS-activated B cells lacking CD11b yielded fewer IgG subtypes such as IgG1 and IgG2a in vitro, and immunization-dependent CSR and affinity maturation of antibodies were severely impaired in CD11b-deficient mice. Notably, we observed the reduced expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme that initiates CSR and somatic hypermutation, and ectopic expression of AID was sufficient to rescue the defective CSR of CD11b-deficient B cells. LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα was attenuated in CD11b-deficient B cells, and hyperactivation of IκB kinase 2 restored the defective AID expression and CSR, which implied that CD11b regulates the NF-κB-dependent induction of AID. Overall, our experimental evidence emphasized the function of CD11b in antibody responses and the role of CD11b as a vital regulator of CSR.
http://ift.tt/2oVLs9G
Positive feedback effect of PGE2 on cyclooxygenase-2 expression is mediated by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in human follicular dendritic cell-like cells
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 87
Author(s): Jongseon Choe, Yongdae Yoon, Jini Kim, Yu-Jin Jung
Prostaglandins (PGs) are bioactive lipid mediators generated from the phospholipids of cell membrane in response to various inflammatory signals. To understand the potential role of PGs in PG production itself during immune inflammatory responses, we examined the effect of PGE2, PGF2α, and beraprost on COX-2 expression using follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like HK cells isolated from human tonsils. Those three PGs specifically augmented COX-2 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner after 4 or 8h of treatment. The enhancing effect was also reflected in the actual production of PGs and the viable cell recovery of germinal center B-cells. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism, we examined the impact of PI3K inhibitors on PG-induced COX-2 expression. Interestingly, COX-2 induction by PGE2 and beraprost, but not PGF2α, was enhanced by wortmannin and LY294002. In line with this result, Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by PGE2 and beraprost but not by PGF2α. The distinct effect of PGE2 and beraprost from PGF2α was reproduced in Akt-knockdowned HK cells. Our current findings imply that PGE2 and PGI2 stimulate COX-2 expression in FDC by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. Additional studies are warranted to determine the potential role of Akt as a therapeutic target in patients with inflammatory disorders.
http://ift.tt/2o4hVqa
Maternal hypomagnesemia alters hippocampal NMDAR subunit expression and programs anxiety-like behaviour in adult offspring
Source:Behavioural Brain Research SreeTestContent1, Volume 328
Author(s): R.N. Schlegel, J.G. Spiers, K.M. Moritz, C.L. Cullen, S.T. Björkman, T.M. Paravicini
It is well established that maternal undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies can lead to altered development and behaviour in offspring. However, few studies have explored the implications of maternal Mg deficiency and programmed behavioural and neurological outcomes in offspring. We used a model of Mg deficiency (prior to and during pregnancy and lactation) in CD1 mice to investigate if maternal Mg deficiency programmed changes in behaviour and NMDAR subunit expression in offspring. Hippocampal tissue was collected at postnatal day 2 (PN2), PN8, PN21 and 6 months, and protein expression of NMDAR subunits GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B was determined. At 6 months of age, offspring were subject to behavioural tasks testing aspects of anxiety-like behaviour, memory, and neophobia. Maternal hypomagnesemia was associated with increased GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B subunit expression in female offspring at 6 months, but decreased GluN1 and GluN2A expression in males. The GluN2B:GluN2A expression ratio was increased in both sexes. Male (but not female) offspring from Mg-deficient dams showed anxiety-like behaviour, with reduced head dips (Suok test), and reduced exploration of open arms (elevated plus maze). Both male and female offspring from Mg-deficient dams also showed impaired recognition memory (novel object test). These findings suggest that maternal Mg deficiency can result in behavioural deficits in adult life, and that these changes may be related to alterations in hippocampal NMDA receptor expression.
http://ift.tt/2owMeJ8
The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms
Publication date: May 2017
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Volume 117, Issue 5, Supplement
http://ift.tt/2o1T05B
Adaptive and maladaptive neural compensatory consequences of sensory deprivation—From a phantom percept perspective
Source:Progress in Neurobiology
Author(s): Anusha Mohan, Sven Vanneste
It is suggested that the brain undergoes plastic changes in order to adapt to changing environmental needs. Sensory deprivation results in decreased input to the brain leading to adaptive or maladaptive changes. Although several theories hypothesize the mechanism of these adaptive and maladaptive changes, the course of action taken by the brain heavily depends on the age of incidence of damage. The growing body of literature on the topic proposes that maladaptive changes in the brain are instrumental in creating phantom percepts, defined as the perception of a sensory experience in the absence of a physical stimulus. The current article reviews the mechanisms of adaptive and maladaptive plasticity in the brain in congenital, early, and late-onset sensory deprivation in conjunction with the phantom percepts in the different sensory domains. We propose that the mechanisms of adaptive and maladaptive plasticity fall under a universal construct of updating hierarchical Bayesian prediction errors. This theory of the Bayesian brain hypothesizes that the brain constantly compares its internal milieu with changing environmental cues and either adjusts its predictions or discards the change, depending on the novelty or salience of the external stimulus. We propose that adaptive plasticity reflects both successful bottom-up compensation and top-down updating of the model while maladaptive plasticity reflects failure in one or both mechanisms, resulting in a constant prediction-error. Finally, we hypothesize that phantom percepts are generated by the brain as a solution to this prediction error and are thus a manifestation of unsuccessful adaptation to sensory deprivation.
http://ift.tt/2p2ZGVH
Influence of N-acetyl cysteine on beta-amyloid-induced Alzheimer’s disease in a rat model: A behavioral and electrophysiological study
Source:Brain Research Bulletin
Author(s): Siamak Shahidi, Somayeh Zargooshnia, Sara Soleimani Asl, Alireza Komaki, Abdolrahman Sarihi
Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function due to the extracellular accumulation and deposition of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on learning and memory in an Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease model in adult male rats, using behavioral and electrophysiological methods Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups: control, sham-operated, Aβ, Aβ+NAC (1–14 days), and Aβ+NAC (14–28 days). Learning and memory were evaluated behaviorally using the passive avoidance test and electrophysiologically by assessing hippocampal long-term potentiation, a cellular mechanism of learning and memory. Intrahippocampal Aβ injections reduced step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, and decreased both the amplitude of hippocampal neuron population spikes and the slope of excitatory postsynaptic potentials, compared to the sham and control groups. Administration of NAC in rats receiving Aβ alleviated the Aβ-induced deficits in comparison to the Aβ-only group. The results of this study suggest that NAC shows potential for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
http://ift.tt/2p2GLdC
Immunotherapy revolutionises non-small-cell lung cancer therapy: Results, perspectives and new challenges
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 78
Author(s): Etienne Giroux Leprieur, Coraline Dumenil, Catherine Julie, Violaine Giraud, Jennifer Dumoulin, Sylvie Labrune, Thierry Chinet
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target key signalling pathways such as programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 (PDL1 and PDL2) to improve anti-tumour immune responses. Until recently, nivolumab was the only ICI validated for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a second-line treatment setting. Results from recent phase II and phase III randomised trials testing other ICIs have been presented. In Keynote-024, pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, was reported to have great efficacy in the first-line treatment of PDL1 ≥ 50% tumours (30% of screened tumours), with a progression-free survival (PFS, median) of 10.4 months versus 6.0 months with chemotherapy (CT; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.37–0.68, P < 0.001), overall response rate (ORR) of 45% versus 28% with CT (P = 0.0011), and a 1-year overall survival (OS) of around 70%. In contrast, Checkmate-026 reported that nivolumab failed to show any benefit compared with standard platinum-based CT, with a PFS (median) in the PDL1 ≥ 5% NSCLC group of 4.2 months (nivolumab) versus 5.9 months (CT; HR = 1.15: 95% CI 0.91–1.45, P = 0.25). No benefit was observed in the PDL1 ≥ 50% subgroup. An encouraging report of the efficacy of pembrolizumab in addition to CT in first-line treatment in unselected NSCLC was also presented (Keynote-021) with an ORR of 55% versus 29% with CT alone (P = 0.0016). Atezolizumab, an anti-PDL1 antibody, showed efficacy for second-line treatment compared with docetaxel (OAK phase III study) with an OS (median) of 13.8 months versus 9.6 months with docetaxel. These results suggest a new paradigm for the treatment of advanced NSCLC using pembrolizumab for the first-line treatment of PDL1 ≥ 50% tumours.
http://ift.tt/2p4C3JG
Survival of 86,690 patients with thyroid cancer: A population-based study in 29 European countries from EUROCARE-5
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 77
Author(s): L. Dal Maso, A. Tavilla, F. Pacini, D. Serraino, B.A.C. van Dijk, M.D. Chirlaque, R. Capocaccia, N. Larrañaga, M. Colonna, D. Agius, E. Ardanaz, J. Rubió-Casadevall, A. Kowalska, S. Virdone, S. Mallone, H. Amash, R. De Angelis
BackgroundIncidence rates of thyroid cancer (TC) increased in several countries during the last 30 years, while mortality rates remained unchanged, raising important questions for treatment and follow-up of TC patients. This study updates population-based estimates of relative survival (RS) after TC diagnosis in Europe by sex, country, age, period and histology.MethodsData from 87 cancer registries in 29 countries were extracted from the EUROCARE-5 dataset. One- and 5-year RS were estimated using the cohort approach for 86,690 adult TC patients diagnosed in 2000–2007 and followed-up to 12/31/2008. RS trends in 1999–2007 and 10-year RS in 2005–2007 were estimated using the period approach.ResultsIn Europe 2000–2007, 5-year RS after TC was 88% in women and 81% in men. Survival rates varied by country and were strongly correlated (Pearson ρ = 75%) with country-specific incidence rates. Five-year RS decreased with age (in women from >95% at age 15–54 to 57% at age 75+), from 98% in women and 94% in men with papillary TC to 14% in women and 12% in men with anaplastic TC. Proportion of papillary TC varied by country and increased over time, while survival rates were similar across areas and periods. In 1999–2007, 5-year RS increased by five percentage points for all TCs but only by two for papillary and by four for follicular TC. Ten-year RS in 2005–2007 was 89% in women and 79% in men.ConclusionsThe reported increasing TC survival trend and differences by area are mainly explained by the varying histological case-mix of cases.
http://ift.tt/2op90lC
Scholar : These new articles for Amyloid are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Acta Odontologica Scandinavica are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Communication Research and Practice are available online
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Evaluation of Feedback Systems for the Third-Year Surgical Clerkship
Publication date: Available online 10 April 2017
Source:Journal of Surgical Education
Author(s): E.G. Carey, C. Wu, E.S. Hur, S.J. Hasday, N.P. Rosculet, M.T. Kemp, S. Weir, S. Ryszawa, G. Sandhu, D.T. Hughes, Rishindra M. Reddy
ObjectiveTo compare faculty-to-student feedback rates from 2 different data sets: direct observation cards (direct evidence) and end-of-clerkship questionnaires (ECQs, secondary student reporting). We as authors hypothesized that direct evidence from observation cards would yield higher rates of feedback, compared with student-reported ECQs.DesignData were gathered from 2 consecutive medical classes of the third-year surgical clerkship. Data were analyzed retrospectively. Subjects and authors were blinded during data collection and analysis.SettingUniversity of Michigan Medical School (UMMS) and University of Michigan Health System (UMHS). UMHS is an academic tertiary care center, located in Ann Arbor, Michigan.ParticipantsData were gathered from all third-year medical students completing the surgical clerkship from 2012 to 2014. Data were available for 309 students, compared to 313 students who graduated from UMMS during that time.ResultsDirectly measured rates of feedback showed higher rates of midclerkship feedback (95.43% vs 83.57%, p < 0.05), feedback on an observed history-taking (97.62% vs 84.87%, p < 0.05), and feedback on an observed physical examination (99.67% vs 79.71%, p < 0.05), when compared with the ECQ.ConclusionThese data suggest that solely using ECQs to assess feedback rates may be inadequate. The use of multiple methods to assess feedback may therefore be a prudent choice for surgical clerkships.
http://ift.tt/2p4gNn9
Scholar : These new articles for Studies in Theatre and Performance are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Advanced Robotics are available online
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A Novel Case of Splenic Injury After Shockwave Lithotripsy
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): David Zodda, Meta Haley, Rocky Sayegh
BackgroundEmergency departments (EDs) are gateways for patients presenting after minor surgical procedures, particularly shockwave lithotripsy. Complications include renal and extrarenal tissue injuries, with the latter having potentially serious consequences if not detected early.Case ReportWe describe a 70-year-old male presenting to the ED for syncope. The patient underwent shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for left kidney stones 1 day prior. Upon initial evaluation, the patient had normal vital signs and a normal physical examination, without complaints of abdominal pain. Close observation and regular patient re-evaluation led to the diagnosis of life-threatening injuries that included splenic rupture. Although this is a rare complication of SWL, with only eight published cases found in the literature, the patient's initial presentation of syncope without complaints of abdominal pain presented a unique diagnostic challenge.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?Emergency physicians should be knowledgeable of the pre-existing conditions linked to higher rates of complications after shockwave lithotripsy and be able to identify and manage these potentially life-threatening complications.
http://ift.tt/2p3WpCU
Unintentional Pediatric Cocaine Exposures Result in Worse Outcomes than Other Unintentional Pediatric Poisonings
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Patil Armenian, Michelle Fleurat, George Mittendorf, Kent R. Olson
BackgroundUnintentional pediatric cocaine exposures are rare but concerning due to potentially serious complications such as seizures, dysrhythmias, and death.ObjectivesThe objectives were to assess the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric cocaine exposures reported to the California Poison Control System.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of all confirmed pediatric (< 6 years of age) cocaine exposures reported to the California Poison Control System from January 1, 1997–September 30, 2010. Case narratives were reviewed for patient demographics, exposure details, clinical effects, therapy, hospitalization, and final outcome.ResultsOf the 86 reported pediatric cocaine exposures, 36 had positive urine drug testing and were included in the study cohort. The median age at presentation was 18 months (range: 0–48 months), and 56% were male (n = 20). The most common clinical manifestations were tachycardia and seizures. The most common disposition was admission to an intensive care unit (n = 14; 39%). Eleven cases (31%) were classified as having a major effect as per American Association of Poison Control Centers case coding guidelines. One child presented in asystole with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and multiple vasoactive medications. The proportion of cocaine exposures with serious (moderate or major) outcomes (66.7%; 95% confidence interval 50.3–79.8%) was higher than other pediatric poisonings reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers during the study period (0.88%; 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.88).ConclusionsAlthough pediatric cocaine exposures are rare, they result in more severe outcomes than most unintentional pediatric poisonings. Practitioners need to be aware of the risk of recurrent seizures and cardiovascular collapse associated with cocaine poisoning.
http://ift.tt/2ow07XT
Danger Triangle of Face and Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Publication date: Available online 10 April 2017
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Ashok Kumar Pannu, Atul Saroch, Navneet Sharma
http://ift.tt/2p3Z8wd
The Acute Hemolytic Anemias: The Importance of Emergency Diagnosis and Management
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Jennifer J. Robertson, Elizabeth Brem, Alex Koyfman
BackgroundHemolytic anemias are defined by the premature destruction of red blood cells. These anemias have many causes that are mostly due to chronic diseases, but, occasionally, cases of acute life-threatening hemolysis can occur.ObjectiveThe objectives of this article were to review the pathophysiology of hemolytic anemias, to discuss the general emergency department (ED) evaluation, and to discuss the assessment and treatment of important and "cannot miss" hemolytic diseases.DiscussionBecause hemolytic anemias are rarely seen, the emergency physician may consider a patient's anemia as due to blood loss rather than hemolysis, and the workup and treatment may not be appropriate. The primary goal for the emergency provider is to resuscitate, but he or she also must recognize that a hemolytic process is present. Appropriate laboratory work and specialist consultation should be obtained. While focused treatment is rarely necessary in the ED, the avoidance of certain treatments, such as early platelet transfusion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, may be necessary.ConclusionsHemolytic anemias are rare, but should still be considered in the ED differential diagnosis of low hemoglobin. Emergency physicians should first resuscitate, but should also be able to identify the presence of hemolysis and obtain the appropriate laboratory tests. Occasionally, specific treatments are needed but should be discussed in conjunction with a specialist.
http://ift.tt/2owaxqx
Securing a Chest Tube Properly: A Simple Framework for Teaching Emergency Medicine Residents and Assessing Their Technical Abilities
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Raaj K. Ruparel, Torrey A. Laack, Rushin D. Brahmbhatt, Phillip G. Rowse, Johnathon M. Aho, Yazan N. AlJamal, Brian D. Kim, David S. Morris, David R. Farley, Ronna L. Campbell
BackgroundQuality-improvement efforts at our institution have identified chest tube dislodgement as a preventable complication of tube thoracostomy. Because proper fixation techniques are not well described in the literature and are seldom formally taught, techniques vary among residents.ObjectiveOur aim was to develop and test a framework for teaching and assessing chest tube securement.MethodsA repeated-measures study design was used. At baseline, 19 emergency medicine residents (program years 1–3) placed and secured a chest tube in a cadaver. After a 45-min proficiency-based teaching session using a low-cost chest tube simulator (approximate cost, $5), each resident again placed and secured a chest tube in a cadaver, followed by 3-month retention testing. All securements were evaluated by two raters using a four-point checklist and a five-point global assessment scale (GAS). The checklist addressed suture selection, tying knots down to the tube, wound approximation, and tube displacement relative to skin.ResultsAfter the initial educational intervention, median scores for the group improved significantly over baseline for the GAS (p < 0.001), checklist (p < 0.001), and amount of displacement (p = 0.01). At 3 months, GAS, checklist, and displacement scores did not differ significantly from the immediate post-test scores. Inter-rater reliability was substantial, with weighted κ values of .77 for the GAS and .70 for the checklist.ConclusionsQuality of chest tube securement by emergency medicine residents can be significantly improved with an inexpensive chest tube simulator and a brief workshop. The four-point checklist served as a reliable and effective means for teaching and assessing chest tube securement.
http://ift.tt/2p3ZnqL
The role of non-conscious visual processing in obstacle avoidance: A commentary on Ross et al. (2016)
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Christopher L. Striemer, Craig S. Chapman, Melvyn A. Goodale
http://ift.tt/2p22Ucg
Is laughter a better vocal change detector than a growl?
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Ana P. Pinheiro, Carla Barros, Margarida Vasconcelos, Christian Obermeier, Sonja A. Kotz
The capacity to predict what should happen next and to minimize any discrepancy between an expected and an actual sensory input (prediction error) is a central aspect of perception. Particularly in social communication, the effective prediction of an auditory input that informs the listener about the emotionality of a speaker is critical. What is currently unknown is how the perceived valence of an emotional vocalization affects the capacity to predict and detect a change in the auditory input. This question was probed in a combined event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency analysis approach. Specifically, we examined the brain response to standards (Repetition Positivity) and to deviants (Mismatch Negativity-MMN), as well as the anticipatory response to the vocal sounds (pre-stimulus beta oscillatory power). Short neutral, happy (laughter), and angry (growls) vocalizations were presented both as standard and deviant stimuli in a passive oddball listening task while participants watched a silent movie and were instructed to ignore the vocalizations. MMN amplitude was increased for happy compared to neutral and angry vocalizations. The Repetition Positivity was enhanced for happy standard vocalizations. Induced pre-stimulus upper beta power was increased for happy vocalizations, and predicted the modulation of the standard Repetition Positivity. These findings indicate enhanced sensory prediction for positive vocalizations such as laughter. Together, the results suggest that positive vocalizations are more effective predictors in social communication than angry and neutral ones, possibly due to their high social significance.
http://ift.tt/2p49rjD
Assessing the influence of ocean acidification to marine amphipods: A comparative study
Publication date: 1 October 2017
Source:Science of The Total Environment, Volume 595
Author(s): M.C. Passarelli, I. Riba, A. Cesar, F. Serrano-Bernando, T.A. DelValls
CO2 increases in the ocean may occur both by the capacity of CO2 exchanges with its dissolved form between atmosphere and surface seawater as well by CO2 leaks during the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process. The decrease in seawater pH may result in a reduction in the concentration of both hydroxide and carbonate (OH– and CO32−). The main aim of this work is to conduct an ecotoxicology comparative survey using two amphipod species from Europe and Brazil exposed to different acidification (CO2) scenarios. For it, an integrative approach based on the weight of evidence was used for comparative proposes to identify the effects on the amphipods association with the acidification and with the related mobility of metals. The results demonstrate that the Ampelisca brevicornis species is more sensitive to pH reductions than the Hyale youngi species. Furthermore, this study has demonstrated that the CO2 enrichment in aquatic ecosystems would cause changes on the mobility of certain metals (Zn, Cu and As). The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the dissolved Zn in overlying water was strongly correlated with the decrease in the pH and was associated with increased toxicity of the sediment to the exposed organisms, mainly for the A. brevicornis species from Spain. Nevertheless, similar results were found in relation to the mortality of amphipods in low pH values for all sediment tested. Concluding, it is highlighted the importance of comparative studies in different types of environment and improve the understood of the risks associated with the ocean acidification.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2o0xEFQ
Scholar : These new articles for Annals of Leisure Research are available online
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Silymarin and its active component silibinin act as novel therapeutic alternatives for salivary gland cancer by targeting the ERK1/2-Bim signaling cascade
Abstract
Purpose
Approximately 20% of all salivary gland cancer patients who are treated with current treatment modalities will ultimately develop metastases. Its most common form, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a highly aggressive tumor with an overall 5-year survival rate of ~30%. Until now, several chemotherapeutic drugs have been tested for the treatment of salivary gland tumors, but the results have been disappointing and the drugs often cause unwanted side effects. Therefore, several recent studies have focused on the potential of alternative and/or complementary therapeutic options, including the use of silymarin.
Methods
The effects of silymarin and its active component silibinin on salivary gland cancer-derived MC3 and HN22 cells and their underlying molecular mechanisms were examined using trypan blue exclusion, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Live/Dead, Annexin V/PI staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurement, quantitative RT-PCR, soft agar colony formation and Western blotting analyses.
Results
We found that silymarin and silibinin dramatically increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and, concomitantly, induced apoptosis in MC3 and HN22 cells. We also found that ERK1/2 signaling inhibition successfully sensitized these cells to the apoptotic effects of silymarin and silibinin, which indicates that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway may act as an upstream regulator that modulates the silymarin/silibinin-induced Bim signaling pathway.
Conclusions
Taken together, we conclude that ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibition by silymarin and silibinin increases the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim which, subsequently, induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in salivary gland cancer-derived cells.
http://ift.tt/2o0Blvl
Dual treatment with shikonin and temozolomide reduces glioblastoma tumor growth, migration and glial-to-mesenchymal transition
Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastomas (GBM) comprise 17% of all primary brain tumors. These tumors are extremely aggressive due to their infiltrative capacity and chemoresistance, with glial-to-mesenchymal transition (GMT) proteins playing a prominent role in tumor invasion. One compound that has recently been used to reduce the expression of these proteins is shikonin (SHK), a naphthoquinone with anti-tumor properties. Temozolomide (TMZ), the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in GBM treatment, has so far not been studied in combination with SHK. Here, we investigated the combined effects of these two drugs on the proliferation and motility of GBM-derived cells.
Methods
The cytotoxic and proliferative effects of SHK and TMZ on human GBM-derived cells were tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Ki67 staining and BrdU incorporation assays. The migration capacities of these cells were evaluated using a scratch wound assay. The expression levels of β3 integrin, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and GMT-associated proteins were determined by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry.
Results
We found that GBM-derived cells treated with a combination of SHK and TMZ showed decreases in their proliferation and migration capacities. These decreases were followed by the suppression of GMT through a reduction of β3 integrin, MMP-2, MMP-9, Slug and vimentin expression via inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
Conclusion
From our results we conclude that dual treatment with SHK and TMZ may constitute a powerful new tool for GBM treatment by reducing therapy resistance and tumor recurrence.
http://ift.tt/2p2auUb
Management of adverse events during treatment of gastrointestinal cancers with epidermal growth factor inhibitors
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Siegfried Segaert, María José Safont, Gaston Demonty, Hans Prenen
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in development and progression of some gastrointestinal cancers, and is targeted by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used to treat these conditions. Targeted agents are generally better tolerated than conventional chemotherapy, but have characteristic toxicities that can affect adherence, dosing, and outcomes. Skin conditions are the most common toxicities associated with EGFR inhibitors, particularly papulopustular rash. Other common toxicities include mucosal toxicity, electrolyte imbalances (notably hypomagnesaemia), and diarrhoea, while the chimaeric mAb cetuximab is also associated with increased risk of infusion reactions. With appropriate prophylaxis, the incidence and severity of these events can be reduced, while management strategies tailored to the patient and the degree of toxicity can help to ensure continuation of anti-cancer therapy. Here, we review the main toxicities associated with EGFR-inhibiting mAbs and TKIs in patients with gastrointestinal cancers, and provide recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment.
http://ift.tt/2o0xWfK
Fluid intelligence, traits of personality and personality disorders in a cohort of adult KS patients with the classic 47, XXY karyotype
Abstract
Purpose
Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is associated with specific neurobehavioral features and personality traits. The aim of our study was to investigate fluid intelligence, personality traits and personality disorders (PD) and possible correlations with testosterone in a cohort of adult KS patients.
Methods
We analyzed 58 adult KS patients with the classic 47, XXY karyotype. The Structured Clinical Interview for axis II disorders was used to assess DSM IV personality disorders. Personality traits were assessed using MMPI-2. Fluid intelligence was tested by using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) Test. Testosterone blood concentration was measured by CMIA.
Results
PD prevalence was 31%. Four altered MMPI scales (Social Responsibility, Dominance, Ego Strength and Repression) were found in more than 40% of patients. Overcontrolled hostility and MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised scales were altered in the PD− group only. Biz-Odd Thinking and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder scale were associated with the presence of personality disorder. The raw SPM score was 44 ± 10.8 without any significant correlation with testosterone. No significant difference in mean age, SPM raw score and MMPI score was observed between eugonadal, hypogonadal and treated patients.
Conclusions
Most KS patients had average fluid intelligence. PD prevalence was higher than in the general population. Testosterone was not correlated with fluid intelligence, personality traits or PD, but a reduction in marital distress was observed in treated patients. This could suggest that testosterone therapy can improve physical symptoms and this effect could also improve relationship abilities and wellness awareness.
http://ift.tt/2ovZc9S
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Summary Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours that classically present with fasting hypoglycaemia. This case report discusses an un...
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