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Δευτέρα 22 Μαΐου 2017

Catarrhine hallucal metatarsals from the early Miocene site of Songhor, Kenya

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Publication date: July 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 108
Author(s): Biren A. Patel, Gabriel S. Yapuncich, Cassandra Tran, Isaiah O. Nengo
Songhor is an early Miocene fossil locality in Kenya known for its diverse primate assemblage that includes catarrhine species belonging to the genera Kalepithecus, Limnopithecus, Dendropithecus, Rangwapithecus, and Proconsul. Expeditions to Songhor since the 1930s have recovered unassociated catarrhine postcranial remains from both the fore- and hindlimbs, including multiple elements from the feet. In this study, we describe KNM-SO 31233, a complete left hallucal metatarsal (Mt1), along with several other fragmentary Mt1 specimens (KNM-SO 1080, 5129, 5141, 22235). These fossils were compared to extant catarrhines and platyrrhines, as well as available fossil Miocene catarrhine Mt1s. Morphometric data were obtained from 3D surface renderings and subjected to a number of analyses to assess their phenetic affinity with the comparative sample, make predictions of body mass, and to infer their functional morphology. The size and shape of the Songhor Mt1s are diverse, exhibiting a large robust morph (KNM-SO 5141) similar in size but not in shape to extant African apes, medium-sized morphs (KNM-SO 1080, 5129 and 22235), and a smaller, slender one (KNM-SO 31233) that has a shape resembling arboreal quadrupedal leaping monkeys and suspensory atelines and hylobatids. KNM-SO 31233 is unlike other known fossil Mt1s, and in general, none of the Songhor Mt1s resembled any single extant anthropoid clade or species. The morpho-functional diversity of Songhor Mt1s is consistent with an extensive morphological and phylogenetic catarrhine diversity in the early part of the Miocene epoch.



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Evolution of the hominin knee and ankle

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Publication date: July 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 108
Author(s): Mélanie A. Frelat, Colin N. Shaw, Simone Sukhdeo, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Stefano Benazzi, Timothy M. Ryan
The dispersal of the genus Homo out of Africa approximately 1.8 million years ago (Ma) has been understood within the context of changes in diet, behavior, and bipedal locomotor efficiency. While various morphological characteristics of the knee and ankle joints are considered part of a suite of traits indicative of, and functionally related to, habitual bipedal walking, the timing and phylogenetic details of these morphological changes remain unclear. To evaluate the timing of knee and ankle joint evolution, we apply geometric morphometric methods to three-dimensional digital models of the proximal and distal tibiae of fossil hominins, Holocene Homo sapiens, and extant great apes. Two sets of landmarks and curve semilandmarks were defined on each specimen. Because some fossils were incomplete, digital reconstructions were carried out independently to estimate missing landmarks and semilandmarks. Group shape variation was evaluated through shape–and form-space principal component analysis and fossil specimens were projected to assess variation in the morphological space computed from the extant comparative sample. We show that a derived proximal tibia (knee) similar to that seen in living H. sapiens evolved with early Homo at ∼2 Ma. In contrast, derived characteristics in the distal tibia appear later, probably with the arrival of Homo erectus. These results suggest a dissociation of the morphologies of the proximal and distal tibia, perhaps indicative of divergent functional demands and, consequently, selective pressures at these joints. It appears that longer distance dispersals that delivered the Dmanisi hominins to Georgia by 1.8 Ma and H. erectus to east–southeast Asia by 1.6 Ma were facilitated by the evolution of a morphologically derived knee complex comparable to that of recent humans and an ankle that was morphologically primitive. This research sets the foundation for additional paleontological, developmental, and functional research to better understand the mechanisms underlying the evolution of bipedalism.



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Dental development and age at death of the holotype of Anapithecus hernyaki (RUD 9) using synchrotron virtual histology

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Publication date: July 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 108
Author(s): Adeline Le Cabec, M. Christopher Dean, David R. Begun
The chronology of dental development and life history of primitive catarrhines provides a crucial comparative framework for understanding the evolution of hominoids and Old World monkeys. Among the extinct groups of catarrhines are the pliopithecoids, with no known descendants. Anapithecus hernyaki is a medium-size stem catarrhine known from Austria, Hungary and Germany around 10 Ma, and represents a terminal lineage of a clade predating the divergence of hominoids and cercopithecoids, probably more than 30 Ma. In a previous study, Anapithecus was characterized as having fast dental development. Here, we used non-destructive propagation phase contrast synchrotron micro-tomography to image several dental microstructural features in the mixed mandibular dentition of RUD 9, the holotype of A. hernyaki. We estimate its age at death to be 1.9 years and describe the pattern, sequence and timing of tooth mineralization. Our results do not support any simplistic correlation between body mass and striae periodicity, since RUD 9 has a 3-day periodicity, which was previously thought unlikely based on body mass estimates in Anapithecus. We demonstrate that the teeth in RUD 9 grew even faster and initiated even earlier in development than suggested previously. Permanent first molars and the canine initiated 49 and 38 days prenatally, respectively. These results contribute to a better understanding of dental development in Anapithecus and may provide a window into the dental development of the last common ancestor of hominoids and cercopithecoids.



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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΦΑΡΥΓ

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΦΑΡΥΓΓΑΣ ]

[PDF] Σοβαρού τύπου εγκαύματα και η θεραπεία τους στη μονάδα εγκαυμάτων

ΒΝ Χαχλάκη, Χ Τσιακίρη - 2017
Page 1. ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΔΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑΣ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΩΝ
ΥΓΕΙΑΣ & ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΦΥΣΙΚΟΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΣΟΒΑΡΟΥ ΤΥΠΟΥ
ΕΓΚΑΥΜΑΤΑ ΚΑΙ Η ΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΣΤΗ ΜΟΝΑΔΑ ΕΓΚΑΥΜΑΤΩΝ ...
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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΛΑΡΥΓ

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΛΑΡΥΓΓΙΚΟ ΝΕΥΡΟ ]

… χειρισμός νευρομυϊκών αποκλειστών (τύπου ροκουρόνιου) με σουγκάμαντεξ σε επεμβάσεις θυρεοειδούς με παρακολούθηση των παλίνδρομων λαρυγγικών νεύρων

Μ Κοντούδη - 2017
Objectives: In thyroid surgery, where intraoperative monitoring (IONM) of the recurrent
laryngeal nerves is used, for induction in anesthesia, we usually use succinylcholine or
totally avoid neuromuscular blocking agents. The aim of this study was to investigate if a full
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[PDF] Σοβαρού τύπου εγκαύματα και η θεραπεία τους στη μονάδα εγκαυμάτων

ΒΝ Χαχλάκη, Χ Τσιακίρη - 2017
... 6.4 Χειρουργική αντιμετώπιση των εγκαυμάτων ..... 30 ... εγκαυμάτων . Μέσα στην τελευταία
εικοσαετία σημειώθηκαν σημαντικές αλλαγές και πρόοδος στον τομέα της χειρουργικής
και της φαρμακολογίας βασισμένες σε έρευνες και κλινικές ...
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Constantine of Rhodes, On Constantinople and the Church of the Holy Apostles: With a new edition of the Greek text by Ioannis Vassis

L James - 2017
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Scholar : Scholar Alert - [ intitle:laryngeal ]

Scholar Alert: [ intitle:laryngeal ]

Comparison of laryngeal mask airway insertion methods, including the external larynx lift with pre-inflated cuff, on postoperative pharyngolaryngeal complications: A …

LQ Hu, OS Leavitt, C Malwitz, H Kim, RA Doty Jr… - European Journal of …, 2017
BACKGROUND: Postoperative pharyngolaryngeal complications are commonly reported
following laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion. After induction of anaesthesia, the airway
structures fall backwards under the influence of gravity, and this may contribute to difficulty in
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[PDF] Prolonged Use of the Laryngeal Mask Airway ProSealTM: A Report of Seven Cases Lasting 5-11 h

B Moser, J Brimacombe, B Sharma, A Dutta, J Sood - J Anesth Clin Res, 2017
Abstract Background: There is controversy concerning use of laryngeal mask airway devices
for procedures lasting more than 2 h. The LMA ProSealTM is a laryngeal mask device with a
modified cuff to facilitate ventilation and a drain tube to provide airway protection that is
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[HTML] Monitoring the Bifurcated Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

HY Kim, X Liu, H Sun, YJ Chai, WY Chung, G Dionigi - Journal of Endocrine Surgery, 2017
Abstract Anatomical anomalies of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can not only mean an
operational challenge in thyroid operations for the endocrine surgeon, but also an increased
risk of postoperative vocal cord paralysis (VCP). Atypical courses of the RLN are frequent
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Influence of Netrin-1 on Reinnervation of Laryngeal Muscles Following Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury

I Hernandez-Morato, S Koss, S Sharma, MJ Pitman - Neuroscience Letters, 2017
Abstract Following recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, recovery results in poor functional
restitution of the paralyzed vocal fold. Netrin-1 has been found to be upregulated in the rat
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) during nerve regeneration, We evaluated the effect of
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[PDF] Voluminous laryngeal schwannoma excision with a mini-invasive external approach: a case repor

M Tulli, S Bondi, M Bussi - Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 2017
Summary Laryngeal schwannomas are extremely uncommon. We present a case of bulky
supraglottic schwannoma with involvement of the preepiglottic and superior paraglottic
spaces. Clinical findings, computed tomography and magnetic resonance images are
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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Laryngeal Manual Therapy (LMT): Immediate Effects in Women With Dysphonia

MCM Conde, LTD Siqueira, JE Vendramini… - Journal of Voice, 2017
Purpose This study aimed to verify the immediate effect of low-frequency transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and laryngeal manual therapy (LMT) in musculoskeletal
pain, voice quality, and self-reported signs in women with dysphonia. Method Thirty women
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Forkhead domain inhibitor-6 (FDI-6) increases apoptosis and inhibits invasion and migration of laryngeal carcinoma cells by down-regulating nuclear FoxM1

Y Liu, L Zhu, T Wen, J Wan, Y Lei, H Chen - Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi= …, 2017
Objective To study the effects of new small molecular inhibitor, forkhead domain inhibitor-6
(FDI-6), on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration in human laryngeal carcinoma
Hep-2 cell line and the related mechanism. Methods MTT assay was used to test the
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[PDF] Effects of thiopentone, propofol and alfaxalone on laryngeal motion during oral laryngoscopy in healthy dogs Q8

GT Fosgate, GE Zeiler - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2017
Methods Each dog was randomly administered three induction agents with a 1-week washout
period between treatments. Thiopentone (7.5 mg kg À1 ), propofol (3 mg kg À1 ) or alfaxalone
(1.5 mg kg À1 ) was administered over 1 minute for induction of anaesthesia. If the dog was deemed
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[HTML] A New Simple, Tactile, Laryngeal Manoeuver, to Confirm Correct Placement of an Endotracheal Tube

ZH Khan - Ommega Internationals, 2017
Background: Confirmation of correct placement of the endotracheal tube is vitally important
when performing endotracheal intubation. Most of the tests used to confirm the correct
location of the tracheal tube have their own inherent drawbacks. Herewith, we introduce a
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[PDF] THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE PROLIFERATION MARKER KI-67 IN PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS AND EARLY LARYNGEAL CANCER

S Radosavljević, M Živić, B Đinđić, M Stanković… - Acta Medica Medianae, 2017
The incidence of malignant tumors and therewith malignant laryngeal tumors necessitates
the study of pathogenesis, histology and diagnostic methods for early laryngeal cancer with
the aim of eradication and treatment, and especially early detection of lesions that give rise
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[PDF] Safe Extubation with Totaltrack® Video Laryngeal Mask

EM Hurtado, MS Merchante
Abstract The endotracheal tube should be removed as soon as the patient no longer
requires an artificial airway, and each intubation should result in an extubation at the end of
the procedure. The problem is that every extubation could represent a potential reintubation
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[PDF] Laryngeal abnormalities in critical care patients

S Wallace
Page 1. Laryngeal abnormalities in critical care patients FEES/VFS CEN RCSLT June 22nd 2016
Sarah Wallace Page 2. Laryngeal abnormalities incidental FEES findings Causes Literature Impact
What we might see Warning signs FEES Incidence Management Page 3. • Do laryngeal
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