A New Subtype of Lichen Planopilaris Affecting Vellus Hairs and Clinically Mimicking Androgenetic Alopecia

BACKGROUND: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a follicular variant of lichen planus. A new subtype of LPP mimicking androgenetic alopecia (AGA) may be misdiagnosed. Inappropriate medical therapy or hair transplantation may exacerbate this subtype. OBJECTIVE: To introduce clinicopathologic findings of a new subtype of LPP that selectively affects vellus hair in the pattern of AGA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 433 (66.6%) men and 217 (33.4%) women with alopecia who were candidates of medical treatment or hair transplantation were included. Gross and microscopic attributes of their diseases were investigated. RESULTS: Among the total of 650 patients, 58 (8.9%; 95% confidence interval, 6.7%–11.1%) patients, including 52 women and 6 men, had LPP. We identified a distinct category of LPP presenting with diffuse hair loss in the pattern of AGA with predominant terminal hair, significant decrease in vellus hair, and minute punctuate scars in histopathology. Vellus hair follicles were the main sites of involvement. Perifollicular fibrosis and mild fibrosis with lichenoid lymphocytic infiltration around infundibular area of vellus hair follicles were present. CONCLUSION: There is a new form of LPP with clinical features similar to AGA. This form is histopathologically similar to LPP but selectively affects vellus hair follicles.

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Tissue Stabilized–Guided Subcision for the Treatment of Cellulite: A Multicenter Pivotal Study With Two-Year Follow-up

No abstract available

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Commentary on A New Subtype of Lichen Planopilaris Affecting Vellus Hairs and Clinically Mimicking Androgenetic Alopecia

No abstract available

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Mycobacterium Massiliense Infection After Thread-Lift Insertion

No abstract available

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Improving Health-Related Quality of Life in Wounded Warriors: The Promising Benefits of Laser Hair Removal to the Residual Limb–Prosthetic Interface

BACKGROUND: Wounded warriors with lower limb amputations using prosthetics commonly develop dermatologic complaints at the residual limb–prosthetic interface, which impact their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). To optimize this interface, military dermatologists routinely treat the subset of issues related to the pilosebaceous unit with laser hair removal (LHR). OBJECTIVE: To characterize the impact of residual limb skin conditions on HRQOL in wounded warriors using lower limb prosthetics before and after treatment with LHR. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty wounded warriors with lower limb amputations using prosthetics were administered a validated HRQOL survey, the Skindex-16, before and after an average of 3 treatments of LHR to their residual lower limbs. Responses were statistically analyzed within the symptoms, emotions, and functioning subscales of the survey and in aggregate. RESULTS: Statistically significant (p

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Bloodroot Paste: What Dermatologists and Patients Need to Know

No abstract available

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Therapeutic Efficacy of Intralesional Steroid With Carbon Dioxide Laser Versus With Cryotherapy in Treatment of Keloids: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Keloids are difficult to treat due to their poor response and high recurrence rate. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the therapeutic efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (ILTA) in combination with carbon dioxide laser (Group 1) versus in combination with cryotherapy (Group 2) in the treatment of keloids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with 101 keloids were randomized into 2 groups. On Day 1, keloids were ablated using either CO2 laser or cryotherapy followed by injection of ILTA at baseline and at 4 weeks interval for 3 months. Patients were followed up for 12 months to assess for therapeutic response and side effects. RESULTS: Successful therapeutic response (>50% improvement) between the 2 groups (CO2 vs cryotherapy) were assessed in terms of reduction in thickness, reduction in volume, patient's self-assessment, observer's assessment, and Vancouver Scar Scale score at the end of 6 months and 12 months (55.55% vs 70.37%; 61.1% vs 77.8%; 75% vs 77.78%; 61.12% vs 85.18%; 52.78% vs 62.96% respectively). The difference in therapeutic response between the 2 groups was not statistically significant at the end of 12 months. CONCLUSION: Both CO2 laser and cryotherapy in combination with ILTA were found to be equally effective in the treatment of keloids.

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Recovery After Matrix Shave Biopsy

No abstract available

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More Is Generally Better: Higher Working Memory Capacity Does Not Impair Perceptual Category Learning.

Author: Kalish, Michael L.; Newell, Ben R.; Dunn, John C.

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000323

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 22 September 2016

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Attentional Capture by Deviant Sounds: A Noncontingent Form of Auditory Distraction?.

Author: Vachon, Francois; Labonte, Katherine; Marsh, John E.

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000330

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 22 September 2016

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Activation Cascading in Sign Production.

Author: Navarrete, Eduardo; Peressotti, Francesca; Lerose, Luigi; Miozzo, Michele

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000312

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 22 September 2016

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Is Conflict Adaptation Due to Active Regulation or Passive Carry-Over? Evidence From Eye Movements.

Author: Hubbard, Jason; Kuhns, David; Schafer, Theo A. J.; Mayr, Ulrich

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000306

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 22 September 2016

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The Magic of Words Reconsidered: Investigating the Automaticity of Reading Color-Neutral Words in the Stroop Task.

Author: Kinoshita, Sachiko; De Wit, Bianca; Norris, Dennis

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000311

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 22 September 2016

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Not All Order Memory Is Equal: Test Demands Reveal Dissociations in Memory for Sequence Information.

Author: Jonker, Tanya R.; MacLeod, Colin M.

DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000301

Publication Date: POST AUTHOR CORRECTIONS, 22 September 2016

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Influence of institutional experience and technological advances on outcome of stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligo-metastatic lung disease

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2016
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Juliane Rieber, Nasrin Abbassi-Senger, Sonja Adebahr, Nicolaus Andratschke, Oliver Blanck, Marciana Duma, Michael J. Eble, Iris Ernst, Michael Flentje, Sabine Gerum, Peter Hass, Christoph Henkenberens, Guido Hildebrandt, Detlef Imhoff, Henning Kahl, Nathalie Desirée Klass, Robert Krempien, Fabian Lohaus, Frank Lohr, Cordula Petersen, Elsge Schrade, Jan Streblow, Lorenz Uhlmann, Andrea Wittig, Florian Sterzing, Matthias Guckenberger
PurposeMany technological and methodical advances have made stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) more accurate and more efficient during the last years. This study aims to investigate whether experience in SBRT and technological innovations also translated into improved local control (LC) and overall survival (OS).Methods and MaterialsA database of 700 patients treated with SBRT for lung metastases in 20 XXX centers between 1997 and 2014 was used for analysis. It was the aim of this study to investigate the impact of FDG-PET staging (fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography), biopsy confirmation, image guidance, immobilization and dose calculation algorithm as well as the influence of SBRT experience on LC and OS.ResultsMedian follow-up time was 14.3 months (range 0-131.9 months) with 2-year LC and OS of 81.2% (CI 75.8-85.7%) and 54.4% (CI 50.2-59.0%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, all treatment technologies except FDG-PET staging did not significantly influence outcome. Patients who received pre-SBRT FDG-PET staging showed superior 1- and 2-year OS of 82.7% (CI 77.4-88.6%) and 64.8% (CI 57.5-73.3%) compared to patients without FDG-PET staging resulting in 1- and 2-year OS rates of 72.8% (CI 67.4-78.8%) and 52.6% (CI 46.0-60.4%), respectively (p=0.012). SBRT experience was identified as the main prognostic factor for LC: institutions with higher SBRT experience (patients treated with SBRT within the last two years of the inclusion period) showed superior LC compared to less experienced centers (p≤0.001). SBRT experience within the last two years was independent from known prognostic factors for LC.ConclusionInvestigated technological and methodical advancements except FDG-PET staging prior to SBRT did not significantly improve outcome in SBRT for pulmonary metastases. In contrast, LC was superior with increasing SBRT experience of the individual center.

Teaser

Based on a multi-institutional database of 700 patients treated with SBRT for lung metastases, this study investigated whether institutional experience and the introduction of technological advances into stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) improved outcome over time. Overall, technological innovations did not significantly affect outcome. Only, the use of pre-SBRT FDG-PET staging was identified as an independent prognostic factor for superior survival. However, local control following pulmonary SBRT was significantly influenced by the individual center's experience.


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Intratissular expansion-mediated, serial fat grafting: a step-by-step working algorithm to achieve 3D biological harmony in autologous breast reconstruction

Breast reconstruction involves the use of autologous tissue or implants. Occasionally, microsurgical reconstruction is not an option due to insufficient donor tissues. Fat grafting has become increasingly popular in breast surgery. The challenge with this technique is how to reconstruct a stable and living "scaffold" that resembles a breast.

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Transition states and cell fate decisions in epigenetic landscapes

Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.98

Authors: Naomi Moris, Cristina Pina & Alfonso Martinez Arias

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Integrating pharmacies into public health program planning for pandemic influenza vaccine response

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2016
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Thomas J. Fitzgerald, Yoonjae Kang, Carolyn B. Bridges, Todd Talbert, Sara J. Vagi, Brock Lamont, Samuel B. Graitcer
BackgroundDuring an influenza pandemic, to achieve early and rapid vaccination coverage and maximize the benefit of an immunization campaign, partnerships between public health agencies and vaccine providers are essential. Immunizing pharmacists represent an important group for expanding access to pandemic vaccination. However, little is known about nationwide coordination between public health programs and pharmacies for pandemic vaccine response planning.MethodsTo assess relationships and planning activities between public health programs and pharmacies, we analyzed data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assessments of jurisdictions that received immunization and emergency preparedness funding from 2012 to 2015.ResultsForty-seven (88.7%) of 53 jurisdictions reported including pharmacies in pandemic vaccine distribution plans, 24 (45.3%) had processes to recruit pharmacists to vaccinate, and 16 (30.8%) of 52 established formal relationships with pharmacies. Most jurisdictions plan to allocate less than 10% of pandemic vaccine supply to pharmacies.DiscussionWhile most jurisdictions plan to include pharmacies as pandemic vaccine providers, work is needed to establish formalized agreements between public health departments and pharmacies to improve pandemic preparedness coordination and ensure that vaccinating pharmacists are fully utilized during a pandemic.



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Cardiometabolic Disease Is Prevalent in Normal-Weight Chinese Adults

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) position statement proposed a complications-centric obesity management strategy for pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (1). Considering that cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is also common in normal-weight persons (2), we investigated the distribution of CMD stages among overweight/obese people, as well as those with normal weight.

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Correction

Besseling J, Hovingh GK, Huijgen R, Kastelein JJP, Hutten BA

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Preclinical Development of a MicroRNA-Based Therapy for Elderly Patients With Myocardial Infarction

Background

Aging populations show higher incidences of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). Cardiac remodeling post-MI leads to progressive impaired cardiac function caused by a disarray of several processes including derailed autophagy. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are known to be key players in cardiovascular disease but their involvement in cardiac autophagy and aging is not well understood.

Objectives

This study sought to identify new miRNA candidates that regulate cardiac autophagy and aging.

Methods

We exploited a high-throughput, fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based green fluorescent protein–LC3 detection method to measure the autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes after transfection of a precursor miRNA library consisting of 380 miRNAs. This was followed by a series of molecular and in vivo studies.

Results

Together with additional expression screenings, we identified miR-22 as an abundant and strong inhibitor of the cardiac autophagy process. Cardiac miR-22 expression levels increased during aging of mice as well as in aging neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro by a P53-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of miR-22 in aging cardiomyocytes in vitro activated autophagy and inhibited cellular hypertrophy. Pharmacological inhibition of miR-22 post-MI in older mice activated cardiac autophagy, prevented post-infarction remodeling, and improved cardiac function compared with control subjects. Interestingly, similar effects were less pronounced in younger mice with significantly lower cardiac miR-22 expression levels. In addition, circulating levels of miR-22 in 154 patients with systolic HF were highly associated with early mortality.

Conclusions

We concluded that miR-22 is an important regulator of cardiac autophagy and a potential therapeutic target, especially in the older myocardium. Finally, circulating miR-22 provides prognostic information for HF patients, highlighting miR-22 as a promising therapeutic and biomarker candidate for cardiovascular disorders.

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Correction

Whelton PK, Muntner P

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Reply Enhanced Preventative Therapy With Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography: Added Value Beyond Simple Risk Calculators? AND Primum Non Nocere: Old Principle Revisited

We are very grateful for the positive comments regarding our recent study (1) and the SCOT-HEART trial.

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Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Implications for Concomitant Valve Procedures

Background

Incidence and outcome of mitral valve (MV) surgery are unknown in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) undergoing extended transaortic septal myectomy.

Objectives

This study sought to define indications and suitable operative strategy for mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with HOCM.

Methods

A total of 2,107 septal myectomy operations performed in adults from January 1993 to May 2014 at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with prior MV operation and apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were excluded. Overall, 2,004 operations were performed in 1,993 patients.

Results

Pre-operative MR was grade ≥3 (of 4) in 1,152 operations (57.5%). Systolic anterior motion of mitral leaflets caused the MR in most patients. However, intrinsic MV disease was identified pre-operatively in 99 patients, all of whom had MV surgery (with septal myectomy). In 1,905 operations, no intrinsic MV disease was identified pre-operatively; in 1,830 (96.1%), septal myectomy was performed without a direct MV procedure. For 75 patients, intrinsic MV disease discovered intraoperatively led to concomitant MV repair (86.7%) or replacement (13.3%). After isolated septal myectomy, the percentage of patients with MR grade ≥3 decreased from 54.3% to 1.7% (p = 0.001) on early post-operative echocardiography. Among 174 patients with concomitant MV surgery, late survival was superior with MV repair (n = 133 [76.4%]) versus replacement (10-year survival: 80.0% vs. 55.2%; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

In most patients with HOCM, MR related to systolic anterior motion of the MV is relieved through adequate myectomy. Concomitant MV surgery is rarely necessary unless intrinsic MV disease is present. When MV procedures are required, repair is preferred because of improved survival compared with replacement.

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Hyperkalemia in Heart Failure

Disorders of potassium homeostasis can potentiate the already elevated risk of arrhythmia in heart failure. Heart failure patients have a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease, which further heightens the risk of hyperkalemia, especially when renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors are used. Acute treatment for hyperkalemia may not be tolerated in the long term. Recent data for patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, used to treat and prevent high serum potassium levels on a more chronic basis, have sparked interest in the treatment of hyperkalemia, as well as the potential use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients who were previously unable to take these drugs or tolerated only low doses. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of hyperkalemia in heart failure; provides an overview of traditional and novel ways to approach management of hyperkalemia; and discusses the need for further research to optimally treat heart failure.

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MV Surgery as Adjunct to Surgical Myectomy for Obstructive HCM Less Is More Than Enough ∗

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by unexplained usually asymmetrical cardiac hypertrophy with variable degrees of myocardial fiber disarray and fibrosis. Although there was initial controversy about whether true obstruction to the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) existed, it is now accepted as an important hallmark of the condition. About one-third of HCM patients have resting left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) with >30 mm Hg gradients at rest. About another one-third of patients have gradients 

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Primum Non Nocere Old Principle Revisited

Williams et al. (1) reported the consequences of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA)-assisted diagnosis on invasive coronary angiography, preventive treatments, and clinical outcomes. Undoubtedly, CCTA-derived disease burden (nonobstructive and obstructive) is associated with nonfatal and fatal myocardial infarction (MI). Having said this, the positive and negative predictive value of CCTA to detect lesions associated to MI is questionable, because the number of mild (372), moderate (300), and severe (452) coronary lesions were many more than the total number of MIs. (There were 9 and 17 myocardial infarction cases occurring before and after the implementation of preventive measures, respectively.) It is not even clear whether those identified lesions at baseline were the culprit lesions of such events. Are those 26 MIs linked to focal lesions on CCTA? In other words, have authors adjudicated the MIs to a specific plaque? Or is the total burden of the coronary disease just a marker of a higher-risk population?

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Association of Changes in Abdominal Fat Quantity and Quality With Incident Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Background

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are associated with adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles.

Objectives

This study explored the degree to which changes in abdominal fat quantity and quality are associated with changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Methods

Study participants (n = 1,106; 44.1% women; mean baseline age 45.1 years) were drawn from the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation cohort who participated in the computed tomography (CT) substudy Exams 1 and 2. Participants were followed for 6.1 years on average. Abdominal adipose tissue volume in cm3 and attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU) were determined by CT-acquired abdominal scans.

Results

The mean fat volume change was an increase of 602 cm3 for SAT and an increase of 703 cm3 for VAT; the mean fat attenuation change was a decrease of 5.5 HU for SAT and an increase of 0.07 HU for VAT. An increase in fat volume and decrease in fat attenuation were associated with adverse changes in CVD risk factors. An additional 500 cm3 increase in fat volume was associated with incident hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21 for SAT; OR: 1.30 for VAT), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.15 for SAT; OR: 1.56 for VAT), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.43 for SAT; OR: 1.82 for VAT; all p Conclusions

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Correction

Saw J, Mancini GBJ, Humphries KH

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Time to Retire the BMI? Evaluating Abdominal Adipose Tissue Imaging as Novel Cardiovascular Risk Biomarker ∗

Body mass index (BMI) is the currently recommended adiposity-related biomarker for identifying individuals at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Class I, Level of Evidence: B) (1). If one were to evaluate critically the performance of BMI as a biomarker, however, it would fall short in several areas. First, although higher BMI grossly identifies individuals in the population at increased risk for mortality, those who are overweight or mildly obese may have lower or similar mortality compared with normal-weight individuals (2). Second, approximately one-third of obese adults are metabolically healthy (defined as 0 or 1 cardiometabolic risk factor) and remain free of cardiometabolic disease (3). Third, BMI has never emerged as a component of the Framingham (4) or Pooled Cohort Equation (5) CVD risk scores, because it does not add sufficient discriminatory capacity over traditional risk factors. Finally, higher-BMI individuals may even demonstrate an "obesity paradox" with lower rates of mortality and morbidity from established CVDs compared with those with normal BMI (6). These important limitations create an opportunity for new adiposity-related biomarkers to emerge that will impact clinical cardiovascular care while improving on the inherent shortcomings of BMI assessment.

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Feed My Heart or Eat It miR-22 Decides ∗

If we live well, eat right, do not smoke, and by so doing avoid the usual diseases that end life prematurely, we will get old. More of us are doing so every year. Thus, for selfish and scientific reasons, the physical, biochemical, and molecular changes provoked by aging merit attention. A revolution in our understanding of how noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) species regulate cardiovascular function in health and disease makes the intersection between microribonucleic acid (miRNA) biology and aging fertile ground for investigation. In this issue of the Journal, Gupta et al. (1) described a miRNA that is increased in aging and suppresses a process whose dysfunction is postulated to contribute to aging phenotypes, autophagy.

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Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement Reduces Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients With Right Ventricular Volume/Pressure Overload

Background

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common and important comorbidity in patients with postoperative right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction or pulmonary regurgitation (PR). Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) has become a useful tool in the management of postoperative RVOT obstruction and PR, but it is unknown whether relief of the right ventricular volume and/or pressure overload by TPVR will have a beneficial effect on TR, as is often seen with surgical pulmonary valve replacement.

Objectives

This study sought to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with significant TR in patients undergoing TPVR for RVOT obstruction or PR.

Methods

Data were combined from 3 prospective multicenter trials of patients referred for TPVR. Follow-up data through 5 years post-implantation were analyzed.

Results

Of 300 patients studied, 77 (25.6%) had moderate or severe TR at baseline. After TPVR, TR severity was improved in 65% of those patients, and more than one-half had mild TR or less TR at discharge. Of 13 patients with severe TR pre-implantation, only 1 had severe TR at 1-year follow-up and beyond. Moderate or severe baseline TR was associated with shorter freedom from RVOT reintervention after TPVR.

Conclusions

In this prospective multicenter study of post-operative patients with RVOT obstruction and/or PR, TR was common. In patients with significant baseline TR, TPVR resulted in clinically relevant acute reductions in TR that persisted over at least 5 years of follow-up. These observations support the application of TPVR therapy in patients with RVOT obstruction or PR who are anatomically suitable, even in the setting of significant concomitant TR.

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Implantable Electronic Cardiac Devices and Compatibility With Magnetic Resonance Imaging

There is a growing population of patients with implanted electronic cardiac devices and a concomitant increase in the use of magnetic resonance (MR). There are theoretical safety risks posed to such devices by MR. However, there are now considerable laboratory data and clinical experience demonstrating safety in this setting, assuming appropriate device selection and patient monitoring. Herein, we review these data and our safety protocol and the new generation of devices that have been prospectively designed and tested to be safe for MR scanning, assuming certain conditions are met (i.e., devices that are MR-conditional). We also argue that the available data do not support a complete transition to implantation of MR-conditional devices.

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Fate and Management of Tricuspid Regurgitation Following Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement ∗

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common anomaly complicating left and right heart disease. In patients with congenital right heart anomalies, TR is highly prevalent, and when severe, it is associated with adverse clinical events (1). Multiple mechanisms can contribute to TR in these patients including: concomitant congenital anomaly of tricuspid leaflets, presence of pacemaker lead crossing the valve, and anomalies of the right ventricle and tricuspid annulus leading to functional TR. It is important to emphasize the heterogeneity of these mechanisms in individual patients. Functional TR, as an example, can result from the variable combination of annulus dilation, right ventricular (RV) dilation, deformation, and/or systolic dysfunction, which can be attenuated by compensatory leaflet growth to prevent valve regurgitation (2). These factors are important as they can influence the likelihood of valve repair (3), thus helping to guide an eventual decision to repair, replace, or leave the valve untouched. There is an increasing role for newer imaging modalities (3-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance) to assess those variables and guide therapeutic management.

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Bypass Surgery Versus Endovascular Therapy in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients With CLI Due to Infrainguinal Disease

Although lower limb revascularization has been commonly performed to treat critical limb ischemia (CLI) in patients with chronic kidney disease, the clinical outcomes such as limb salvage or survival rate have been reportedly poorer compared with those without chronic kidney disease after both bypass surgery and endovascular therapy (EVT) (1,2). On the other hand, it remains unclear which procedure should be optimized to treat CLI. The BASIL (Bypass Versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischemia of the Leg) trial (3) revealed that the outcomes after 2 procedures were broadly similar in the general population. However, there have been limited data regarding such comparison in patients on hemodialysis (HD). We investigated long-term clinical outcomes after bypass surgery or EVT in HD patients with CLI due to infrainguinal disease.

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Cardiac Recovery During Long-Term Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Background

The number of centers with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) research programs focused on cardiac recovery is very small. Therefore, this phenomenon has been reported in real-world multi-center registries as a rare event.

Objectives

This study evaluated the incidence of cardiac recovery with an a priori LVAD implantation strategy of bridge-to-recovery (BTR) and constructed a recovery predictive model.

Methods

The study included LVAD recipients registered in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS). Cardiac recovery was evaluated in BTR and non-BTR patients. A weighted score was derived and externally validated in patients of the Utah Cardiac Recovery (UCAR) program.

Results

Of 15,138 INTERMACS patients, cardiac recovery occurred in 192 (1.3%). The incidence of recovery was 11.2% (n = 14) in BTR compared with 1.2% (n = 178) in non-BTR patients (p Conclusions

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Enhanced Preventative Therapy With Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography Added Value Beyond Simple Risk Calculators?

We read with interest the most recent publication from the SCOT-HEART (Scottish COmputed Tomography of the HEART) investigators that raised the prospect of using coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) results to guide medical therapy (1). Even though it is difficult to make definitive conclusions from a post hoc analysis of a secondary endpoint, especially with so few events, testing this hypothesis seems most reasonable in patients who are already on optimal medical therapy based upon their clinical risk. Specifically, can CCTA results, when obtained in symptomatic patients, facilitate enhanced medical therapy?

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Another Grain in the Search for the True Rate of Myocardial Recovery ∗

Advanced heart failure (HF) is rarely thought of as a reversible process; however, mechanical unloading using a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has been shown to promote reversal of the HF phenotype, with regression of pathologic myocardial hypertrophy and improvement in both left ventricular (LV) chamber size and LV function, a process called "reverse remodeling." This process can be significant and may result in myocardial recovery; that is, the normalization of functional, structural, and hemodynamic changes sufficient to allow sustained explantation of the LVAD. Improvements are seen at the clinical, molecular, and cellular levels (1).

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Improved detection of soma location and morphology in fluorescence microscopy images of neurons

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2016
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Author(s): Cihan Bilge Kayasandik, Demetrio Labate
BackgroundAutomated detection and segmentation of somas in fluorescent images of neurons is a major goal in quantitative studies of neuronal networks, including applications of high-content-screenings where it is required to quantify multiple morphological properties of neurons. Despite recent advances in image processing targeted to neurobiological applications, existing algorithms of soma detection are often unreliable, especially when processing fluorescence image stacks of neuronal cultures.New MethodIn this paper, we introduce an innovative algorithm for the detection and extraction of somas in fluorescent images of networks of cultured neurons where somas and other structures exist in the same fluorescent channel. Our method relies on a new geometrical descriptor called Directional Ratio and a collection of multiscale orientable filters to quantify the level of local isotropy in an image. To optimize the application of this approach, we introduce a new construction of multiscale anisotropic filters that is implemented by separable convolution.ResultsExtensive numerical experiments using 2D and 3D confocal images show that our automated algorithm reliably detects somas, accurately segments them, and separates contiguous ones.Comparison with Existing MethodsWe include a detailed comparison with state-of-the-art existing methods to demonstrate that our algorithm is extremely competitive in terms of accuracy, reliability and computational efficiency.ConclusionsOur algorithm will facilitate the development of automated platforms for high content neuron image processing. A Matlab code is released open-source and freely available to the scientific community.



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Lenvatinib and Capecitabine in Patients With Advanced Malignancies

Conditions:   Advanced Cancer;   Malignant Neoplasm of Breast;   Malignant Neoplasms of Bone and Articular Cartilage;   Malignant Neoplasms of Digestive Organs;   Malignant Neoplasms of Eye Brain and Other Parts of Central Nervous System;   Malignant Neoplasms of Female Genital Organs;   Malignant Neoplasms of Ill-defined Secondary and Unspecified Sites;   Malignant Neoplasms of Independent (Primary) Multiple Sites;   Malignant Neoplasms of Lip Oral Cavity and Pharynx;   Malignant Neoplasms of Male Genital Organs;   Malignant Neoplasms of Mesothelial and Soft Tissue;   Malignant Neoplasms of Respiratory and Intrathoracic Organs;   Malignant Neoplasms of Thyroid and Other Endocrine Glands;   Malignant Neoplasms of Urinary Tract
Interventions:   Drug: Lenvatinib;   Drug: Capecitabine
Sponsors:   M.D. Anderson Cancer Center;   Eisai Inc.
Not yet recruiting - verified September 2016

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Active follow-up versus passive linkage with cancer registries for case ascertainment in a cohort

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 45
Author(s): P.F. Pinsky, K. Yu, A. Black, W.Y. Huang, P.C. Prorok
BackgroundAscertaining incident cancers is a critical component of cancer-focused epidemiologic cohorts and of cancer prevention trials. Potential methods: for cancer case ascertainment include active follow-up and passive linkage with state cancer registries. Here we compare the two approaches in a large cancer screening trial.MethodsThe Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial enrolled 154,955 subjects at ten U.S. centers and followed them for all-cancer incidence. Cancers were ascertained by an active follow-up process involving annual questionnaires, retrieval of records and medical record abstracting to ascertain and confirm cancers. For a subset of centers, linkage with state cancer registries was also performed. We assessed the agreement of the two methods in ascertaining incident cancers from 1993 to 2009 in 80,083 subjects from six PLCO centers where cancers were ascertained both by active follow-up and through linkages with 14 state registries.ResultsThe ratio (times 100) of confirmed cases ascertained by registry linkage compared to active follow-up was 96.4 (95% CI: 95.1–98.2). Of cancers ascertained by either method, 86.6% and 83.5% were identified by active follow-up and by registry linkage, respectively. Of cancers missed by active follow-up, 30% were after subjects were lost to follow-up and 16% were reported but could not be confirmed. Of cancers missed by the registries, 27% were not sent to the state registry of the subject's current address at the time of linkage.ConclusionLinkage with state registries identified a similar number of cancers as active follow-up and can be a cost-effective method to ascertain incident cancers in a large cohort.



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Sonoreperfusion Therapy Kinetics in Whole Blood Using Ultrasound, Microbubbles and Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2016
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
Author(s): Sebastiaan T. Roos, François T. Yu, Otto Kamp, Xucai Chen, Flordeliza S. Villanueva, John J. Pacella
Coronary intervention for myocardial infarction often results in microvascular embolization of thrombus. Sonoreperfusion therapy (SRP) using ultrasound and microbubbles restored perfusion in our in vitro flow model of microvascular obstruction. In this study, we assessed SRP efficacy using whole blood as the perfusate with and without tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In a phantom vessel bearing a 40-μm-pore mesh to simulate the microvasculature, microthrombi were injected to cause microvascular obstruction and were treated using SRP. Without tPA, the lytic rate increased from 2.6 ± 1.5 mmHg/min with 1000-cycle pulses to 7.3 ± 3.2 mmHg/min with 5000-cycle ultrasound pulses (p < 0.01). The lytic index was similar for tPA-only ([2.0 ± 0.5] × 10⁻³ mmHg⁻¹ min⁻¹) and 5000 cycles without tPA ([2.3 ± 0.5] × 10⁻³ mmHg⁻¹ min⁻¹) (p = 0.5) but increased ([3.6 ± 0.8] × 10⁻³ mmHg⁻¹ min⁻¹) with tPA in conjunction with 5000-cycles ultrasound (p < 0.01). In conclusion, SRP restored microvascular perfusion in whole blood, SRP lytic rate in experiments without tPA increased with ultrasound pulse length and efficacy increased with the addition of tPA.



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Scholar : These new articles for Voice and Speech Review are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Voice and Speech Review and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Evaluating stress reduction techniques and Fitzmaurice Voicework® as a template for addressing performance anxiety and enhancing focus in student actors Daydrie Hague Pages: 1-12 | DOI: 10.1080/23268263.2016.1231513 Listening Leaders Free Accessarticles from International Listening Association Lifetime Achievement AwardeesFind out more This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

The Current Role of Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Renal Tumors

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2016
Source:Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Author(s): Nicole Curci, Elaine M. Caoili
The role of percutaneous renal mass biopsy has continued to grow in the last decade. The incidence of small (<4cm) renal masses has increased dramatically over the past 15 years, attributed to increased use of cross sectional imaging and subsequent discovery of small renal masses that would otherwise go undetected. Despite increased early detection, there has been no change in the mortality rate from renal cell carcinoma over the past 15 years. Many small renal masses are not life-limiting, and imaging lacks specificity in distinguishing malignant from non-malignant small renal masses. Thus, percutaneous biopsy has emerged as an integral part of the diagnosis of renal masses in order to better guide their management.



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Single nucleotide polymorphisms as markers of genetic susceptibility for oral potentially malignant disorders risk: Review of evidence to date

Publication date: October 2016
Source:Oral Oncology, Volume 61
Author(s): Krithiga Shridhar, Aastha Aggarwal, Gagandeep Kaur Walia, Smriti Gulati, A.V. Geetha, D. Prabhakaran, Preet K. Dhillon, Preetha Rajaraman
BackgroundOral cancers are preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Understanding genetic susceptibility for OPMD risk could provide an opportunity for risk assessment of oral cancer through early disease course. We conducted a review of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies for OPMD risk.MethodsWe identified all relevant studies examining associations of SNPs with OPMD (leukoplakia, erythroplakia and oral sub-mucous fibrosis) conducted world-wide between January, 2000 and February, 2016 using a combined keyword search on PubMed. Of these, 47 studies that presented results as odds ratios and 95% CI were considered for full review.ResultsThe majority of eligible studies that explored candidate gene associations for OPMD were small (N<200 cases), limiting their scope to provide strong inference for any SNP identified to date in any population. Commonly studied SNPs were genes of carcinogen metabolism (n=18 studies), DNA repair (n=11 studies), cell cycle control (n=8 studies), extra-cellular matrix alteration (n=8 studies) and immune-inflammatory (n=6 studies) pathways. Based on significant associations as reported by two or more studies, suggestive markers included SNPs in GSTM1 (null), CCND1 (G870A), MMP3 (-1171; promotor region), TNFα (-308; rs800629), XPD (codon 751) and Gemin3 (rs197412) as well as in p53 (codon 72) in Indian populations. However, an equal or greater number of studies reported null or mixed associations for SNPs in GSTM1 (null), p53 (codon 72), XPD (codon 751), XRCC (rs25487 C/T), GSTT1 (null) and CYP1A1m1 (MspI site).ConclusionCandidate gene association studies have not yielded consistent data on risk loci for OPMD. High-throughput genotyping approaches for OPMD, with concurrent efforts for oral cancer, could prove useful in identifying robust risk-loci to help understand early disease course susceptibility for oral cancer.



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Scholar : These new articles for Asian Journal of Political Science are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Asian Journal of Political Science and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Symposium on Democratic Governance The state after modernism Martin J. Smith Pages: 1-10 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2016.1231069 Political Communication Free Access Virtual Special Issue: US Elections & Campaigns This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Computer-Aided Design and Applications, Volume 14, Issue 1, January 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Computer-Aided Design and Applications, Volume 14, Issue 1, January 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Original Articles An innovative photogrammetry color segmentation based technique as an alternative approach to 3D scanning for reverse engineering design David W. James, Fawzi Belblidia, Jurgen E. Eckermann & Johann Sienz Pages: 1-16 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199751 Utilizing design intent information to aid in the synthesis of multi-domain systems Matt R. Bohm, Robert L. Nagel & Marie K. Riggs Pages: 17-27 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199752 A method for posture prediction of the upper trunk of video terminal operators Luca Di Angelo & Paolo Di Stefano Pages: 28-37 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199753 CAD based simulation of ball end mill manufacturing M. Baburaj, A. Ghosh & M. S. Shunmugam Pages: 38-47 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199754 A framework for printing, detection, tracking, and registration of deformable grids Tyler S. Kenyon, Allan D. Spence & David W. Capson Pages: 48-57 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199755 Multivariate analysis of curvature estimators Libor Váša, Tom Kühnert & Guido Brunnett Pages: 58-69 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199756 A hybrid approach to define and represent material distribution in heterogeneous objects G.K. Sharma & B. Gurumoorthy Pages: 70-82 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199757 Generative computer-aided design: multi-modality large-scale direct physical production Lujie Chen & Lawrence Sass Pages: 83-94 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199758 G1 continuous bifurcating and multi-bifurcating surface generation with B-splines Varun Asthana & Amba D. Bhatt Pages: 95-106 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199759 Prototyping the complex biological form of the beetle Deltochilum Lobipes via 2D geometric morphometrics landmarks and descriptive geometry for 3D printing Dina Rochman & Efraín De Luna Pages: 107-116 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199761 Constraint representation of 2-dimensional models with respect to avoiding cycles Manfred Rosendahl Pages: 117-126 | DOI: 10.1080/16864360.2016.1199764 How has social media affected Science, Technology & Society? Find out with our Social Media Research collection now available with free access! This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Archives and Records, Volume 37, Issue 2, Autumn 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Archives and Records, Volume 37, Issue 2, Autumn 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Articles 'A permanent house for local archives': a case study of a community's archives in County Offaly Lisa Collins Shortall Pages: 143-156 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1191452 Building an archivist: exploring career paths in our profession since 2008 (an Irish perspective) Sarah Poutch Pages: 157-169 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1191453 Do-it-yourself institutions of popular music heritage: the preservation of music's material past in community archives, museums and halls of fame Sarah Baker Pages: 170-187 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2015.1106933 Records of the times: layers of creation in the George Orwell archive David Fitzpatrick Pages: 188-197 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1139492 Declassification: a clouded environment Julia Kastenhofer & Dr Shadrack Katuu Pages: 198-224 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1194814 Thinking about and working with archives and records: a personal reflection on theory and practice Alistair G. Tough Pages: 225-238 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1147343 Book Reviews Her price is above pearls: family and farming records of Alice Le Strange, 1617–1656 Robert F. W. Smith Pages: 239-240 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1213159 The no-nonsense guide to archives and recordkeeping Caroline Sampson Pages: 240-242 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1214561 Archives in libraries: what librarians and archivists need to know to work together Tola Dabiri Pages: 242-243 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1215297 Archives alive: expanding engagement with public library archives and special collections Barbara McLean Pages: 244-246 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1215298 The religious census of Bristol and Gloucestershire 1851 Tim Powell Pages: 246-248 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1216400 The preservation management handbook: a 21st century guide for libraries, archives and museums Chris Woods Pages: 248-251 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1216401 Is digital different? How information creation, capture, preservation and discovery are being transformed Anthea Seles Pages: 251-255 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1216402 The ethics of memory in a digital age: interrogating the right to be forgotten Tim Gollins Pages: 255-257 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1220293 Encoded archival description tag library, version EAD3 Jane Stevenson Pages: 257-260 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1220362 Stolen, smuggled, sold: on the hunt for cultural treasures Susan Healy Pages: 260-261 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1213160 Stirrings in the archives: order from disorder Alexandrina Buchanan Pages: 262-264 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1222269 Obituary Constance Brodie (1922–2015) Susan Beckley & George Dixon Pages: 265-266 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1216403 Patricia Margaret Sewell (1961–2016) Alan Betteridge Pages: 267-268 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1216831 Notice of New Publications Received Notice of new publications received Pages: 269-270 | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1220292 Corrigendum Corrigendum Pages: (v)-(v) | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1208998 Editorial Board Editorial Board Pages: (ebi)-(ebi) | DOI: 10.1080/23257962.2016.1235774 Passionate about social media? Read our Social Media Research collection. This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Arts & Health are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Arts & Health and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Creative and credible evaluation for arts, health and well-being: opportunities and challenges of co-production | Norma Daykin, Karen Gray, Mel McCree & Jane Willis Pages: 1-16 | DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2016.1206948 The Opiate Epidemic Click here for the Free Access Article Collection. This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Aquatic Insects are available online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Aquatic Insects and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles First Central European record of the fungus Prolixandromyces triandrus Santam. (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales), a parasite of veliid bugs (Heteroptera: Veliidae), with notes on its biology and DNA barcoding Walter P. Pfliegler, Judit Fekete, Ferenc Báthori & András Tartally Pages: 1-9 | DOI: 10.1080/01650424.2016.1194434 Interested in the diverse regions that flora and fauna call home? Explore the Home Sweet Biome collection now. This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Mobile elements: Putting the brakes on ageing

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Community acquired respiratory virus infections in cancer patients—Guideline on diagnosis and management by the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for haematology and Medical Oncology

Publication date: November 2016
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 67
Author(s): Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Annemarie Berger, Maximilian Christopeit, Marcus Hentrich, Claus Peter Heussel, Jana Kalkreuth, Michael Klein, Matthias Kochanek, Olaf Penack, Elke Hauf, Christina Rieger, Gerda Silling, Maria Vehreschild, Thomas Weber, Hans-Heinrich Wolf, Nicola Lehners, Enrico Schalk, Karin Mayer
BackgroundCommunity acquired viruses (CRVs) may cause severe disease in cancer patients. Thus, efforts should be made to diagnose CRV rapidly and manage CRV infections accordingly.MethodsA panel of 18 clinicians from the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology have convened to assess the available literature and provide recommendations on the management of CRV infections including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus and adenovirus.ResultsCRV infections in cancer patients may lead to pneumonia in approximately 30% of the cases, with an associated mortality of around 25%. For diagnosis of a CRV infection, combined nasal/throat swabs or washes/aspirates give the best results and nucleic acid amplification based-techniques (NAT) should be used to detect the pathogen. Hand hygiene, contact isolation and face masks have been shown to be of benefit as general infection management. Causal treatment can be given for influenza, using a neuraminidase inhibitor, and respiratory syncytial virus, using ribavirin in addition to intravenous immunoglobulins. Ribavirin has also been used to treat parainfluenza virus and human metapneumovirus, but data are inconclusive in this setting. Cidofovir is used to treat adenovirus pneumonitis.ConclusionsCRV infections may pose a vital threat to patients with underlying malignancy. This guideline provides information on diagnosis and treatment to improve the outcome.



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Table of Contents

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Editorial Board

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Author's Declaration

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Instructions for Authors

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4-n-butylresorcinol enhances proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells

Abstract

Objective

4-n-butylresorcinol is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase and has been used as an anti-melanogenic agent. However, its inhibition mechanism in intact cells is not fully understood. To elucidate the cellular mechanism, we compared in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of 4-n-butylresorcinol on tyrosinase activity.

Methods

B16F10 melanoma cells were cultured in media containing αMSH in the presence or absence of 4-n-butylresorcinol. Tyrosinase mRNA levels, protein levels, and activity in B16F10 cells were compared by real-time PCR, immunostaining combined with western blot, and colorimetric analysis, respectively. Melanin concentration was measured by colorimetry both in the cells and in the media. Tyrosinase glycosylation and proteolytic degradation were analyzed by immunoblotting after cells were treated with Endo H/PNGase and E64/proteasome inhibitors, respectively.

Results

4-n-butylresorcinol inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis more effectively in intact cells than in cell lysates. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR showed that 4-n-butylresorcinol reduced protein levels, but not mRNA levels, of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells. 4-n-butylresorcinol showed no effect on the processing of tyrosinase glycosylation or on trafficking to melanosomes. However, treatment of B16F10 cells with E64 or proteasome inhibitor abrogated the 4-n-butylresorcinol-induced decrease of tyrosinase. Moreover, 4-n-butylresorcinol activated p38 MAPK, resulting in increased ubiquitination of tyrosinase.

Conclusion

4-n-butylresorcinol inhibits melanogenesis by enhancing proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase as well as competitive binding to tyrosinase. These findings will help to develop new, effective, and safe chemicals for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Derivatives of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acetamide DPA-713 as translocator protein (TSPO) ligands and pro-apoptotic agents in human glioblastoma

Publication date: 1 January 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 96
Author(s): Eryn L Werry, Victoria A. King, Melissa L Barron, Samuel D. Banister, Renee Sokias, Michael Kassiou
The 18kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a target for novel glioblastoma therapies due to its upregulation in this cancer and relatively low levels of expression in the healthy cortex. The pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acetamides, exemplified by DPA-713 and DPA-714, are a class of high affinity TSPO ligands with selectivity over the central benzodiazepine receptor. In this study we have explored the potential anti-glioblastoma activity of a library of DPA-713 and DPA-714 analogues, and investigated the effect of amending the alkyl ether chain on TSPO affinity and functional potential. All ligands demonstrated nanomolar affinity for TSPO, but showed diverse functional activity, for example DPA-713 and DPA-714 did not affect the proliferation or viability of human T98G glioblastoma cells, while the hexyl ether and benzyl ether derivatives decreased proliferation of T98G cells without affecting proliferation in human fetal glial SVGp12 cells. These ligands also induced apoptosis and dissipated T98G mitochondrial membrane potential. This suggests that the nature of the alkyl ether chain of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acetamides has little influence on TSPO affinity but is important for functional activity of this class of TSPO ligands.

Graphical abstract

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MMP-14 promotes VSMC migration via up-regulating CD44 expression in cardiac allograft vasculopathy

Publication date: Available online 25 September 2016
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Daliang Yan, Xiaojuan Liu, Lu Hua, Kunpeng Wu, Xilin Sha, Jianhua Zhao, Chen Yang, Chao Zhang, Jiahai Shi, Xiang Wu
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) was the leading cause of late death in heart transplantation recipients. Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14), as a member of the MMPs family, has been reported to play a vital role in coronary vascular lesions of allotransplanted hearts. However, concrete mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we showed that the expression of MMP-14 was different between isografts and allografts. Interestingly, we found MMP-14 could interact with CD44 in allografts. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), as a cell adhesion receptor and is involved in cell migration, caused our interest in MMP-14/CD44 complex in allografts. Then we analyzed the effect of MMP-14/CD44 complex on pro-MMP-9 activation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in rat VSMC TNF-α treated model. Then, we further found intervention of MMP-14/CD44 complex could inhibit VSMC migration. Our results elucidate the molecular mechanism of VSMC migration after cardiac transplantation and provide theoretical basis for seeking new specific drug targets for CAV prevention and treatment.



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