Effect of the ACY-1 gene on HER2 and TRAIL expression in rectal carcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of the ACY-1 gene on HER2 and TRAIL expression in rectal carcinoma Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Aug;22(2):817. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10249. Epub 2021 Jun 2. ABSTRACT The incidence of rectal carcinoma (RC) is increasing and the age at onset of the disease is reducing. Therefore, elucidating the pathogenesis of RC is beneficial for early diagnosis and improving the prognosis. Aminoacylase-1 (ACY-1) is abnormally expressed in various malignant tumor tissues. Furthermore, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) gene is involved in tumor metastasis and invasion, while tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces tumor cell apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the ACY-1 gene on the expression of HER2 and TRAIL in RC. Cancerous and adjacent tissues from RC patients were collected. ACY-1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The rectal cancer cell lines HT29 and SW620, and normal colorectal mucosal epithelial fetal human cells were cu ltured in vitro. ACY-1 gene and protein expression levels were tested by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. ACY-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into HT29 and SW620 cells. Cell proliferation was detected by thiazolyl blue MTT assay. Caspase-3 activity was assessed using a commercial kit. HER2 and TRAIL expression levels were determined by western blotting. ACY-1 expression was significantly increased in cancer tissue compared with adjacent tissue (P<0.05). ACY-1 expression was elevated in HT29 and SW620 cells compared with normal colorectal mucosal epithelial cells (P<0.05). ACY-1 siRNA transfected into HT29 cells downregulated its expression, inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced caspase-3 activity, reduced HER2 expression and upregulated TRAIL expression (P<0.05). ACY-1 expression was found to be increased in rectal cancer tissue. Therefore, targeting the ACY-1 gene may regulate HER2 and TRAIL expression levels, and may red uce the occurrence and inhibit the development of rectal cancer. PMID:34131440 | PMC:PMC8193208 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10249 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Significant effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on lipid metabolism in diabetes may be associated with the activation of the FAM3C-HSF1-CAM signaling pathway

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Significant effects of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> polysaccharide on lipid metabolism in diabetes may be associated with the activation of the FAM3C-HSF1-CAM signaling pathway Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Aug;22(2):820. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10252. Epub 2021 Jun 2. ABSTRACT Diabetes is a threat to patient health worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), one of the two main types of diabetes, is a long-term metabolic disease caused by heredity and environmental factors. It has been reported that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) significantly decreased the concentration of blood glucose, promoted insulin secretion, improved glucose tolerance and regulated the concentration of blood lipids. In the present study, a T2DM model was established in db/db mice, following which T2DM mice were treated with GLP (100 and 400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks, with MET used as the positive control. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and diabetes-associated clinical chemistry indexes were detected in the blood and serum of each mouse. Hematoxylin and eosin, and oil red O staining were performed on the livers of each mouse to evaluate the level of liver fat. The expression levels of family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3C), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), calmodulin (CaM), AKT and phosphorylated (p)-AKT were detected in the hepatocytes of T2DM mice using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the unbalanced levels of HbAlc, FBG and diabetes-related index in T2DM mice were significantly improved by treatment with GLP. Lipid droplets in the hepatocytes of mice shrank in the GLP groups compared with the model control group. The expression levels of FAM3C, HSF1, CaM and p-AKT/AKT in the hepatocytes of T2DM mice were significantly increased following treatment with GLP. In conclusion, GLP exerted significant effects on lipid metabolism in diabetes, which may be associated with the activation of the FAM3C-HSF1-CaM signaling pathway. PMID:34131443 | PMC:PMC8193219 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10252 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome in renal tubular epithelial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome in renal tubular epithelial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Aug;22(2):814. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10246. Epub 2021 May 28. ABSTRACT Renal tubular interstitial injury plays a key role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and, thus, the study of renal tubular injury in DN is important. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the NLR family CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome in renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) injury in DN. Human kidney biopsy tissues were obtained from patients with DN, and normal kidney tissues were obtained from nephrectomies performed for renal hamartoma. Human RTECs (HK2 cells) were divided into normal glucose (D-glucose 5.6 mmol/l), high glucose (HG; 30 mmol/l), high osmotic (D-glucose 5.6 mmol/l + D-mannitol 24.4 mmol/l), HG + NLRC4 small interfering (si)RNA or HG + siRNA control groups. Then, the expression levels of NLRC4, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin, as well as the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which are associated with mitophagy, were observed. The expression levels of NLRC4, PINK1, parkin and phosphorylated parkin in the RTECs of patients with DN were higher compared with those in normal controls. In HK2 cells, HG stimulated the expression of NLRC4, the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 and cell death. Moreover, knockdown of NLRC4 expression in HK2 cells treated with HG reduced the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18. The findings of the present study may provide a rationale for the development of treatments for patients with DN by preventing inflammasome activation. PMID:34131437 | PMC:PMC8193214 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10246 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Identification of key candidate genes in local dorsal root ganglion inflammation by integrated bioinformatics analysis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Identification of key candidate genes in local dorsal root ganglion inflammation by integrated bioinformatics analysis Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Aug;22(2):821. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10253. Epub 2021 Jun 2. ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to identify potential markers of local dorsal root ganglion (DRG) inflammation to aid diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of DRG pain. A localized inflammation of the DRG (LID) rat model was used to study the contribution of inflammation to pain. The dataset GSE38859 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Pre-treatment standardization of gene expression data for each experiment was performed using the R/Bioconductor Limma package. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between a LID model and a sham surgery control group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of DEGs and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were carried out using the 'clusterProfiler' package in R. Using the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed and visualized. Candidate genes with the highest potential validity were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. In total, 66 DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to inflammation and the immune response processes. KEGG analysis revealed 14 associated signaling pathway terms. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed 9 node genes, 3 of which were among the top 10 DEGs. Matrix metallopeptidase 9, chemokine CXCL9, and complement component 3 were identified as key regulators of DRG inflammatory pain progression. PMID:34131444 | PMC:PMC8193217 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10253 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson's disease (Review)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson's disease (Review) Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Aug;22(2):812. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10244. Epub 2021 May 28. ABSTRACT Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia defined by simple or complex abnormal movements occurring in REM state, instead of the physiological muscular atonia. RBD may be idiopathic, or secondary as in the case of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies have confirmed that idiopathic RBD may precede with several years the onset of the specific motor characteristics of PD. The high prevalence of RBD in PD (19-70%) may be explained by several common pathophysiological pathways, mainly related to the dopaminergic cell loss. RBD is also associated with several comorbidities, including cognitive impairment, hallucinations, dysautonomia, or daytime sleepiness. The gold standard investigation for the diagnosis and assessment of RBD is video polysomnography, but in clinical practice, the use of clinical scales and questionna ires is reasonable for the screening of this complex parasomnia. Management options include ensuring a safe environment for the patient and pharmacological treatment, incuding clonazepam, melatonin or certain antiparkinsonian drugs. PMID:34131435 | PMC:PMC8193212 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10244 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Dracorhodin perchlorate enhances wound healing via β-catenin, ERK/p38, and AKT signaling in human HaCaT keratinocytes

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Dracorhodin perchlorate enhances wound healing via β-catenin, ERK/p38, and AKT signaling in human HaCaT keratinocytes Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Aug;22(2):822. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10254. Epub 2021 Jun 2. ABSTRACT Dracorhodin can be isolated from the exudates of the fruit of Daemonorops draco. Previous studies suggested that dracorhodin perchlorate can promote fibroblast proliferation and enhance angiogenesis during wound healing. In the present study, the potential bioactivity of dracorhodin perchlorate in human HaCaT keratinocytes, were investigated in vitro, with specific focus on HaCaT wound healing. The results of in vitro scratch assay demonstrated the progressive closure of the wound after treatment with dracorhodin perchlorate in a time-dependent manner. An MTT assay and propidium iodide exclusion detected using flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability of HaCaT cells. Potential signaling pathways underlying the effects mediated by dracorhodin perchlorate in HaCaT cells were clarified by western blot analysis and kinase a ctivity assays. Dracorhodin perchlorate significantly increased the protein expression levels of β-catenin and activation of AKT, ERK and p38 in HaCaT cells. In addition, dracorhodin perchlorate did not induce HaCaT cell proliferation but promoted cell migration. Other mechanisms may yet be involved in the dracorhodin perchlorate-induced wound healing process of human keratinocytes. In summary, dracorhodin perchlorate may serve to be a potential molecularly-targeted phytochemical that can improve skin wound healing. PMID:34131445 | PMC:PMC8193218 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10254 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Review of the measles epidemic in children from Central Eastern Europe in the third millennium

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Review of the measles epidemic in children from Central Eastern Europe in the third millennium Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Aug;22(2):816. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10248. Epub 2021 Jun 2. ABSTRACT Measles is an extremely contagious viral disease. Even though a safe vaccine exists for this disease, it remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in infants and young children. We aimed to create a retrospective descriptive study in which to analyze the evolution of the measles epidemic at the European level. The documentation was carried out using European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. At the same time, we present the epidemic's evolution in Romania, using data provided by the Romanian National Institute of Public Health and Ministry of Health. European statistical data indicate a high number of patients diagnosed with measles both among children and adults. All European countries benefit from the measles vaccination in the form of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR ) trivaccine included in their National Vaccination Programme. The vaccination schedule varies from country to country. In the vaccination scheme, most European countries include two doses of the MMR vaccine among the pediatric population. Romania registered a limited number of cases of measles between 1980 and 2015 following the introduction of the measles vaccination in the National Vaccination Programme. Since 2005, the Romanian vaccination schedule includes two doses of MMR trivaccine, administered at 12 months and at 6-7 years. After 2015, as a result of a significant decrease in the number of vaccinated children, Romania is facing a major increase in the cases of measles. Consecutively, a measles epidemic was declared in 2016 and an additional dose of mandatory MMR trivaccine was introduced at the age of 9 months. After 4 years of this schedule of administration, starting with August 2020, the additional dose of MMR administered during infancy has been discontinued. We propose an analysis of the factors that influenced the downward evolution of the measles epidemic in Romania at the beginning of the third millennium. Issues related to the limitation of interpersonal contact in the context of the social distancing imposed by the Sars-CoV-2 virus pandemic are discussed. We consider necessary a detailed documentation of the percentage of new disease cases that will appear in the pediatric population in the near future, in the context of the resumption of daily activity after the reopening of nurseries, kindergartens and schools. PMID:34131439 | PMC:PMC8193220 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10248 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Using Ultrasound to Document the Effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) on the Geniohyoid Muscle

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Using Ultrasound to Document the Effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) on the Geniohyoid Muscle Via swallowing exercises Dysphagia. 2021 Jun 16. doi: 10.1007/s00455-021-10328-x. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is an exercise program designed to strengthen the muscles of expiration by increasing expiratory load during breathing exercises using either resistive or pressure threshold devices. Previous research has shown that EMST may increase submental suprahyoid muscle activity as measured with surface electromyography. The impact of EMST on submental muscles is of interest to those who treat dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle changes as observed with ultrasound during a 5-week EMST program performed at 75% of maximum expiratory strength using the EMST150 device in healthy adults. Ten healthy adults participated in the 5-week program. Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle were measured weekly. Geniohyoid cross-sectional area was measured from ultrasound images recorded in the coronal plane. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to determine whether there were significant changes among the dependent variables over the study period. Both MEP and geniohyoid area increased significantly in response to a 5-week program of EMST. EMST in healthy adults is effective at strengthening the geniohyoid muscle as reflected by significantly increased cross-sectional area measured with B-mode ultrasound. This is the first study to docume nt weekly change in muscle morphology as a result of EMST. Increasing geniohyoid muscle mass and consequent strength through a program of EMST may be beneficial for persons with pharyngeal stage dysphagia resulting from reduced hyolaryngeal elevation, reduced laryngeal closure, or reduced UES opening. PMID:34132896 | DOI:10.1007/s00455-021-10328-x View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Biologics in Otolaryngology: Triumphs, Challenges, and New Possibilities

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Biologics in Otolaryngology: Triumphs, Challenges, and New Possibilities Via Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Therapeutic agents derived from living sources, including microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans, are known as "biologics." These agents have had a major impact on all subspecialties of otolaryngology in recent decades. For example, botulinum toxin has diverse applications in laryngology, facial plastic surgery, and the treatment of some salivary gland disorders. Monoclonal antibodies targeting specific cytokines have become indispensable to rhinologists for the treatment of nasal polyposis. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Benefiting Otolaryngology Patients with Biologics

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Benefiting Otolaryngology Patients with Biologics Via Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Biologics, or biological medications, are used to prevent, treat, and cure disease. These drugs are developed from blood, proteins, viruses, and living organisms and from a variety of living sources, including mammals, birds, insects, plants, and bacteria. They can be made of tiny components like sugars, proteins, or DNA, or can be from whole cells or tissues. They have been used commonly in Medicine. We are all familiar with the biological medications such as Botox (botulinum toxin or onabotulinumtoxina) used for muscle tension, migraines, and wrinkles, and Lantus (long-acting insulin or insulin glargine) used for diabetes mellitus. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The Dysphonia Severity Index as a mediator for the relationship between the Vocal Fatigue Index and the Voice-Related Quality of Life among Elementary Teachers with Voice Complaint

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Dysphonia Severity Index as a mediator for the relationship between the Vocal Fatigue Index and the Voice-Related Quality of Life among Elementary Teachers with Voice Complaint Via Journal of Voice The multi-causal nature of voice disorders is required to be evaluated systematically and in different ways to determine the exact nature of the disorder. Given the importance of voice for teachers, the present study was designed to investigate the causal relationship between vocal fatigue index (VFI) and the voice-related quality of life (VRQOL) with the mediating role of the dysphonia severity index (DSI) among teachers with voice complaints. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.