Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 34: Alkenones as a Promising Green Alternative for Waxes in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 34: Alkenones as a Promising Green Alternative for Waxes in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

Cosmetics doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5020034

Authors: Kyle McIntosh Amber Smith Lisa K. Young Michael A. Leitch Amit K. Tiwari Christopher M. Reddy Gregory W. O'Neil Matthew W. Liberatore Mark Chandler Gabriella Baki

The move toward green, sustainable, natural products has been growing in the cosmetic and personal care industry. Ingredients derived from marine organisms and algae are present in many cosmetic products. In this study, a new green ingredient, a wax (i.e., long-chain alkenones) derived from Isochyrsis sp., was evaluated as an alternative for cosmetic waxes. First, the melting point was determined (71.1–77.4 °C), then the alkenones’ thickening capability in five emollients was evaluated and compared to microcrystalline wax and ozokerite. Alkenones were compatible with three emollients and thickened the emollients similarly to the other waxes. Then, lipsticks and lip balms were formulated with and without alkenones. All products remained stable at room temperature for 10 weeks. Lipstick formulated with alkenones was the most resistant to high temperature. Finally, alkenones were compared to three cosmetic thickening waxes in creams. Viscosity, rheology, and stability of the creams were evaluated. All creams had a gel-like behavior. Both viscosity and storage modulus increased in the same order: cream with alkenones < cetyl alcohol < stearic acid < glyceryl monostearate. Overall, alkenones’ performance was comparable to the other three waxes. Alkenones can thus offer a potential green choice as a new cosmetic structuring agent.

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Efficiency of Tinospora crispa against Culex quinquefasciatus larva

Abstract

Tinospora crispa stem aqueous extractions for various time durations were determined regarding their total phenolic content and their larvicidal abilities. The results revealed that the total phenolic content in 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, and 24-h extracts were 8.26, 8.43, 13.57, 12.52, and 12.43 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, respectively. The 5-h extract of T. crispa was evaluated against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larva in concentrations 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/l, by determining the lethal concentration (LC) within 24 h and by histopathological analysis. The 24-h LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were 16.95 and 30.12 mg/l, respectively. The histopathological lesions after exposure to 50% of the 24-h LC₅₀ were observed primarily in the midgut of the larva. The lesions observed were for the example epithelial cells lifting from the basement membrane, cell elongation protruding into the lumen, brush border disrupting with absent microvilli, and vesicle appearance. The present study indicated that the aqueous extract of this herb may have a suitable property for a larvicidal natural product and may replace harmful chemical pesticides.

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Scalable long-term extraction of photosynthetic electrons by simple sandwiching of nanoelectrode array with densely-packed algal cell film

Publication date: 15 October 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 117
Author(s): Yong Jae Kim, JaeHyoung Yun, Seon Il Kim, Hyeonaug Hong, Jun-Hee Park, Jae-Chul Pyun, WonHyoung Ryu
Direct extraction of photosynthetic electrons from the whole photosynthetic cells such as plant cells or algal cells can be highly efficient and sustainable compared to other approaches based on isolated photosynthetic apparatus such as photosystems I, II, and thylakoid membranes. However, insertion of nanoelectrodes (NEs) into individual cells are time-consuming and unsuitable for scale-up processes. We propose simple and efficient insertion of massively-populated NEs into cell films in which algal cells are densely packed in a monolayer. After stacking the cell film over an NE array, gentle pressing of the stack allows a large number of NEs to be inserted into the cells in the cell film. The NE array was fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MAC-etching) followed by additional steps of wet oxidation and oxide etching. The cell film was prepared by mixing highly concentrated algal cells with alginate hydrogel. Photosynthetic currents of up to 106 nA/cm² was achieved without aid of mediators, and the photosynthetic function was maintained for 6 days after NE array insertion into algal cells.



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Enhancement of bioelectricity generation via heterologous expression of IrrE in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-inoculated MFCs

Publication date: 15 October 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 117
Author(s): Jianmei Luo, Tingting Wang, Xiao Li, Yanan Yang, Minghua Zhou, Ming Li, Zhongli Yan
Low electricity power output (EPT) is still the main bottleneck limited the industrial application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Herein, EPT enhancement by introducing an exogenous global regulator IrrE derived from Deinococcus radiodurans into electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) was explored using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as a model strain, achieving a power density 71% higher than that of the control strain. Moreover, IrrE-expressing strain exhibited a remarkable increase in the total amount of electron shuttles (majorly phenazines compounds) and a little decrease in internal resistance, which should underlie the enhancement in extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency and EPT. Strikingly, IrrE significantly affected substrate utilization profiling, improved cell growth characterization and cell tolerance to various stresses. Further quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that IrrE led to many differentially expressed genes, which were responsible for phenazines core biosynthesis, biofilm formation, QS systems, transcriptional regulation, glucose metabolism and general stress response. The results substantiated that targeting cellular regulatory network by the introduction of exogenous global regulators could be a facile and promising approach for the enhancement of bioelectricity generation and cell multiple phenotypes, and thus would be of great potential application in the practical MFCs.



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Simultaneous detection and determination of mercury (II) and lead (II) ions through the achievement of novel functional nucleic acid-based biosensors

Publication date: 30 September 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 116
Author(s): Zahra Khoshbin, Mohammad Reza Housaindokht, Asma Verdian, Mohammad Reza Bozorgmehr
The serious threats of mercury (Hg²⁺) and lead (Pb²⁺) ions for the public health makes it important to achieve the detection methods of the ions with high affinity and specificity. Metal ions usually coexist in some environment and foodstuff or clinical samples. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a fast and simple method for simultaneous monitoring the amount of metal ions, especially when Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ coexist. DNAzyme-based biosensors and aptasensors have been highly regarded for this purpose as two main groups of the functional nucleic acid (FNA)-based biosensors. In this review, we summarize the recent achievements of functional nucleic acid-based biosensors for the simultaneous detection of Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions in two main optical and electrochemical groups. The tremendous interest in utilizing the various nanomaterials is also highlighted in the fabrication of the FNA-based biosensors. Finally, some results are presented based on the advantages and disadvantages of the studied FNA-based biosensors to compare their validation.



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Wearable humidity sensor based on porous graphene network for respiration monitoring

Publication date: 30 September 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 116
Author(s): Yu Pang, Jinming Jian, Tao Tu, Zhen Yang, Jiang Ling, Yuxing Li, Xuefeng Wang, Yancong Qiao, He Tian, Yi Yang, Tian-Ling Ren
Respiration is as one of the most essential physiological signals, which can be used to monitor human healthcare and activities. Herein, we report a flexible, lightweight and highly conductive porous graphene network as the humidity sensor for respiration monitoring. To enhance the sensing performance, the graphene oxide (GO), poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) and Ag colloids (AC) were used to modify the porous graphene. The humidity properties of porous based graphene networks have been investigated at different relative humidity (RH). The porous based graphene sensors exhibit excellent capability of monitoring different breathing patterns including mouse and nose respiration, normal and deep respiration. Besides, the signal variations before and after water intake was recorded by the sensor, which demonstrates the ability to monitor water loss during breathing period. Furthermore, the humidity sensor shows the ability to detect physiological activities including skin moisture, speaking and whistle rhythm, which could be a promising electronic for clinical respiration monitoring.



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Scholar : CPAP - νέα αποτελέσματα

Simulation of Required CPAP Usage to Normalize AHI in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

A Kulkas, S Nikkonen, J Töyräs, E Mervaala… - World Congress on Medical …, 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease with severe health
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… LGB to occur. [...our results do not provide insights into how more aggressive bariatric
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NS Sulaiman, L Bandick, V Aiyappan - Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2018

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