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Τετάρτη 1 Φεβρουαρίου 2023

Severe Mpox Infections in People with Uncontrolled Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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Abstract
In the current mpox outbreak, infections are usually self-limited. We describe three patients with uncontrolled HIV and mpox infections lasting months, causing debilitating lesions, complications, and death, despite initiating anti-mpox and antiretroviral therapy. Delayed treatment of mpox with antiviral agents may contribute to poor outcomes in severely immunocompromised patients.
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A lifestyle pattern characterized by high consumption of sweet and salty snacks, sugar sweetened beverages and sedentary time is associated with blood pressure in families at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe. The Feel4Diabetes Study.

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Abstract

Objective

Individuals from families at high-risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are also in high risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Studies identifying lifestyle patterns combining dietary, physical activity or sedentary variables and examining their possible role to developing blood pressure (BP) are limited. This study aimed to examine the association of different lifestyle patterns (LPs) with BP levels in families at high risk for T2DM in Europe.

Research Methods & Procedures

1844 adults (31.6% males) at high-risk for T2DM across 6 European countries were included in this cross-sectional study using data from the baseline assessment of the Feel4Diabetes Study. BP measurements, dietary and physical activity assessments were conducted, and screen times was surveyed. Lifestyle patterns were revealed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of various data regarding diet, physical activity, screen time and smoking.

Results

3 LPs were identified, LP3 (high consumption of sweet & salty snacks, sugar sweetened soft drinks and juices and high amount of screen time) was positively associated with diastolic BP [B, 0.52 95%CI (0.05-0.99)] and existence of hypertension [OR,1.12 95%CI (1.00-1.25)]. Participants in the highest tertile of LP3 spent mean 3 hours of screen time, consumed 1.5 portions of sweet and/or salty snacks and 1 liter of soft drinks on a daily basis, were associated with 12% higher risk of hypertension.

Conclusion

Focusing on the combination of eating and lifestyle behaviors may more accurately identify, and therefore guide preventive measures tailored to the specific needs of high-risk populations.

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A Micro‐Computed Tomography Analysis of Internal and Marginal Fit of Fixed Partial Dentures: Effect of Preparation Finish Line Designs on Monolithic Zirconia and Heat‐Pressed Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Disilicate

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Abstract

Purpose

: To evaluate the effect of finish line design (chamfer and feather-edge) and ceramic type on the internal and marginal fit of fixed partial dentures on abutment teeth.

Materials and Methods

: Two typodont mandibular casts, missing right first premolar tooth, received tooth preparation on canine and second premolar abutments (one cast with chamfer finish line and the other cast with feather-edge finish line). The preparation segment of each typodont model was scanned, 3D printed in resin, then invested and casted in metal to obtain two metal models. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were made for the metal models and poured in type IV stone. The stone models (n = 40) were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10): chamfer finish line with heat-pressed zirconia re-inforced lithium disilicate fixed partial denture (CL), chamfer finish line with monolithic zirconia fixed partial denture (CZ), feather-edge finish line with heat-pressed zirconia re-inforced lithium disilicate fixed partial denture (FL), and feather-edge finish line with monolithic zirconia fixed partial denture (FZ). After the fabrication of ceramic restoration, micro-computed tomography was used to evaluat e the internal and marginal fit of each fixed partial denture. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results

: There were no significant interactions between preparation type, material type, and tooth type at any of the areas assessed. There was significant difference (p = 0.01) between CZ (59.15 ±4.6 μm) and FZ (73.6 ±17.1 μm) groups at the finish line area. Regarding the horizontal marginal discrepancy area, there were significant differences between CZ (62.65 ±10.5 μm) and FZ (90.05 ±5.6 μm) groups (p ˂0.001), CL (77.45 ±8.1 μm) and CZ (62.65 ±10.5 μm) groups (p ˂0.001), and FZ (90.05 ±5.6 μm) and CL (77.45 ±8.1 μm) groups (p˂0.001). At finish line area, there was a significant difference (p = 0.018) between feather-edge with canine (72.75 ±13.3 μm) and chamfer with canine (59.05 ±5.8 μm), however there was no significant difference (p = 0.774) between feather-edge with premolar (69.45 ±12 μm) and chamfer with premolar (65.1 ±7.4 μm). Also, there was no significant difference (p = 0.886) between feather-edge with canine and feather-edge with premolar.

Conclusions

: The internal and marginal fit of the ceramic fixed partial dentures can be affected by the finish line design and ceramic type. The feather-edge finish line had a negative impact on the marginal and internal fit of ceramic fixed partial dentures at certain measurement points. Regarding the effect of finish line design on abutment teeth, the difference in fit was only detected at the finish line area of the anterior abutment (canine) with the feather-edge finish line

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Short-term Air Pollution Levels and Blood Pressure in Older Women

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imageBackground: Evidence of associations between daily variation in air pollution and blood pressure (BP) is varied and few prior longitudinal studies adjusted for calendar time. Methods: We studied 143,658 postmenopausal women 50 to 79 years of age from the Women's Health Initiative (1993–2005). We estimated daily atmospheric particulate matter (PM) (in three size fractions: PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations at participants' residential addresses using validated lognormal kriging models. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between air pollution concentrations and repeated measures of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) adjusting for confounders and calendar time. Results: Short-term PM2.5 and NO2 were each positively associated with DBP {0.10 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 0.15]; 0.13 mmHg (95% CI: 0.09, 0.18), respectively} for interquartile range changes in lag 3-5 day PM2.5 and NO2. Short-term NO2 was negatively associated with SBP [−0.21 mmHg (95%CI: −0.30, −0.13)]. In two-pollutant models, the NO2–DBP association was slightly stronger, but for PM2.5 was attenuated to null, compared with single-pollutant models. Associations between short-term NO2 and DBP were more pronounced among those with higher body mass index, lower neighborhood socioeconomic position, and diabetes. When long-term (annual) and lag 3-5 day PM2.5 were in the same model, associations with long-term PM2.5 were stronger than for lag 3-5 day. Conclusions: We observed that short-term PM2.5 and NO2 levels were associated with increased DBP, although two-pollutant model results suggest NO2 was more likely responsible for observed associations. Long-term PM2.5 effects were larger than short-term.
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