Κυριακή 13 Μαΐου 2018
Role of hypothetical protein YicS in the pathogenicity of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in vivo and in vitro
Source:Microbiological Research
Author(s): Renu Verma, Thaís Cabrera Galvão Rojas, Renato Pariz Maluta, Janaína Luisa Leite, Gerson Nakazato, Wanderley Dias de Silveira
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains belong to the extra-intestinal pathogenic group of E. coli (ExPEC) that causes colibacillosis in poultry. A variety of putative virulence factors of APEC are recognized as potent causes of pathogenicity, the mechanisms underlying their pathogenicity are still not fully understood. The role of yicS in the virulence of pathogenic E. coli is still unclear. Thus, yicS may be related to biofilm formation, which in some bacteria plays a role in pathogenicity. Therefore, the fact that this gene appears to be under positive selection pressure suggests that yicS may be associated with the pathogenicity of APEC. To better understand the role of yicS protein in APEC biological characteristics and pathogenicity, we deleted yicS in an APEC Swollen Head Syndrome strain (APEC strain SCI-07) and studied its effects by comparing wild type and isogenic mutants through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assays. We demonstrated that yicS plays a role in pathogenicity of APEC. We suggest that the yicS gene, which encodes an exporter protein, has a significant role in biofilm formation, motility, invasion of CEC-32 and Hep-2 cells and APEC pathogenicity in a day-old chick model.
https://ift.tt/2KkRIyi
Cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism related to antiulcer activity of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. in animal models
Publication date: 10 August 2018
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 222
Author(s): Igor Rafael Praxedes De Sales, Rodrigo De Oliveira Formiga, Flávia Danniele Frota Machado, Raphaela Francelino Nascimento, Matheus Marley Bezerra Pessoa, Monique Emanuela Frutuoso Xavier Barros, Giciane Carvalho Vieira, Francisco Allysson Assis Ferreira Gadelha, Alexsandro Fernandes Marinho, José Maria Barbosa Filho, Raimundo Fernandes De Araújo Júnior, Aurigena Araújo Antunes, Leônia Maria Batista
Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe leaves and roots of Cissampelos sympodialis (Menispermaceae) are used by indian tribes and in folk medicine to treat genitourinary infections, inflammation, asthma and gastrointestinal disorders.Material and methodsThe standardized ethanolic extract (Cs-EtOHE) and alkaloids total fraction (Cs-TAF) obtained from aerial parts of C. sympodialis were evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The antisecretory and/or neutralizing mechanisms of the gastric acid secretion, cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms were also evaluated.ResultsCs-EtOHE and Cs-TAF presented a reduction in gastric mucosa lesions against ethanol, NSAIDs, hypothermic restraint-stress and gastric juice containment induced ulcer models. This activity is related to alkaloids present in the extract, and involves the participation of sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide, KATP channels, prostaglandins, decreased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and increased levels of GSH and IL-10.ConclusionThe data indicate gastroprotective activity, due to the participation of the cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2rFZ7Rc
The effects of overwintering and habitat type on body condition and locomotion of the wolf spider Pardosa alacris
Source:Acta Oecologica, Volume 89
Author(s): Kapilkumar Ingle, Ádám Horváth, Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak, Levente Gellért, Enikő Csata, Róbert Gallé
Overwintering in temperate regions is a prominent mortality risk for invertebrates and may affect their behaviour and body condition. Pardosa alacris is a common ground dwelling spider in central European native and plantation forests, and habitat type and prey availability may play important roles in their overwintering. The effect of overwintering on body condition and behaviour of spiders in semi natural and exotic habitats is relatively unknown. Here we assess the effects of winter on spiders from native poplar and exotic pine plantations. The locomotory behaviour of P. alacris (distance covered and speed) was assessed by tracking their movement in a white circular plastic arena. We assessed body condition, body size, and total fat content. Forest type and sex had significant effects on body length. Fat content was significantly higher in the spring than in autumn, and spiders covered larger distances and were faster in autumn than in spring. Fat content had a significant negative effect on average speed. Spiders in native forests were smaller but grew more during the winter than in exotic plantations, possibly due to higher prey availability in native forests. Visually-hunting predators may significantly affect spiders. Fat spiders with better body condition moved less, and were thus less detectable by predators. However the low movement rate may result in a low rate of encountering prey items, thus lowering feeding efficiency.
https://ift.tt/2KlwrVb
Near-infrared light-activated red-emitting upconverting nanoplatform for T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photodynamic therapy
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Xiang-long Tang, Jun Wu, Ben-lan Lin, Sheng Cui, Hong-mei Liu, Ru-tong Yu, Xiao-dong Shen, Ting-wei Wang, Wei Xia
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has increasingly become an efficient and attractive cancer treatment modality based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce tumor death after irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light. Herein, to overcome the limited tissue penetration in traditional PDT, a novel near-infrared (NIR) light-activated NaScF4: 40% Yb, 2% Er@CaF2 upconversion nanoparticle (rUCNP) is successfully designed and synthesized. Chlorin e6, a photosensitizer and a chelating agent for Mn2+, is loaded into human serum albumin (HSA) that further conjugates onto rUCNPs. To increase the ability to target glioma tumor, an acyclic Arg–Gly–Asp peptide (cRGDyK) is linked to rUCNPs@HSA(Ce6-Mn). This nanoplatform enables efficient adsorption and conversion of NIR light (980 nm) into bright red emission (660 nm), which can trigger the photosensitizer Ce6-Mn complex for PDT and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted MRI) for glioma diagnosis. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that NIR light-activated and glioma tumor-targeted PDT can generate large amounts of intracellular ROS that induce U87 cell apoptosis and suppress glioma tumor growth owing to the deep tissue penetration of irradiated light and excellent tumor-targeting ability. Thus, this nanoplatform holds potential for applications in T1-weighted MRI diagnosis and PDT of glioma for antitumor therapy.Statement of SignificanceA near-infrared (NIR) light-activated nanoplatform for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was designed and synthesized. The Red-to-Green (R/G) ratio of NaScF4: 40% Yb, 2% Er almost reached 9, a value that was much higher than that of a traditional Yb/Er-codoped upconversion nanoparticle (rUCNP). By depositing a CaF2 shell, the red-emission intensities of the rUCNPs were seven times strong as that of NaScF4: 40% Yb, 2% Er. The enhanced red-emitting rUCNPs could be applied in many fields such as bioimaging, controlled release, and real-time diagnosis. The nanoplatform had a strong active glioma-targeting ability, and all results achieved on subcutaneous glioma demonstrated that our NIR light-activated red-emitting upconverting nanoplatform was efficient for PDT. By loading Ce6-Mn complex into rUCNPs@HSA-RGD, the nanoplatform could be used as a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging agent for tumor diagnosis.
Graphical abstract
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Comparison of two analytical methods validated for the determination of volatile compounds in virgin olive oil: GC-FID vs GC-MS
Publication date: 1 September 2018
Source:Talanta, Volume 187
Author(s): R. Aparicio-Ruiz, D.L. García-González, M.T. Morales, A. Lobo-Prieto, I. Romero
The utility of volatile compounds to explain virgin olive oil aroma descriptors is fully accepted and demanded by the olive oil sector. However, the methodology, and particularly the kind of detector to be used, is a matter of discussion because the high number of volatiles and their different nature. The SPME-GC-MS method has recently been validated for the most relevant volatiles but SPME-GC-FID method still needs to be validated to evaluate its performance in this application. A comparison between these two GC methods in determining 26 volatiles has been carried out in terms of analytical quality parameters (repeatability, intermediate precision, calibration curves, limits of detection and quantification, linear working ranges, selectivity and sensitivity). Good selectivity, linearity and higher upper values of the working range are the main advantages of SPME-GC-FID versus low bottom values of working ranges, better sensitivity and lower limits of detection and quantification of SPME-GC-MS. The limit of blank associated to each individual volatile was also determined and it allowed perfecting the empirical limit of detection. This procedure was carried out for SPME-GC-FID, which resulted in 21 volatiles with empirical limits of detections lower than their odor thresholds, and hence they can be used as markers of virgin olive oil sensory descriptors. Finally, with all the analytical quality parameters checked, a practical example of the ability of the volatiles quantified by SPME-GC-FID to discriminate the different categories (extra-virgin, virgin and lampante) and their main aroma descriptors is also provided.
Graphical abstract
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Development and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) based injection molded self-reinforced composites. Direct reinforcement by overmolding the composite inserts
Publication date: 5 September 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 153
Author(s): Jacek Andrzejewski, Piotr Przyszczypkowski, Marek Szostak
This work presents the concept of using the self-reinforced inserts, suitable for overmolding during the standard injection molding procedure. The reinforcing inserts made from self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephtahalte) sheets (srPET) were overmolded by the matrix polymer. Two types of poly(ethylene terephthalate) were used as the matrix material, PET (pure bottle grade resin) and G-PET (amorphous PET based copolymer). Samples prepared under different conditions of the injection molding process were tested in terms of mechanical properties, DMA and DSC analysis. The results of mechanical tests confirmed the different fracture behavior, more favorable for G-PET samples, where the increase of tensile strength and E modulus reached 60% and 32% respectively. The most significant increase was observed for impact resistance values, for both types of polyesters the impact strength reach around 50 kJ/m2, from the initial value below 5 kJ/m2. The SEM microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of matrix-reinforcement interface. The observations of the bonding interface indicate the lack of delamination process and high level of adhesion between the matrix materials and reinforcing srPET insert. The presented results confirm that the proposed concept of using the overmolding technology for preparation of self-reinforced composites has the potential for industrial implementation.
Graphical abstract
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Development and evaluation of a methodology to integrate technical and sensorial properties in materials selection
Publication date: 5 September 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 153
Author(s): Agnese Piselli, Weston Baxter, Michele Simonato, Barbara Del Curto, Marco Aurisicchio
In the materials selection process, the use of different tools, languages and perspectives frequently causes disagreement between engineers and industrial designers.The aim of the paper is to define an integrated method for materials selection that provides industrial designers with measurable data to support and explain aesthetic decisions on materials.A new method for materials selection consisting of multiple tools structured in a two-step framework is presented. The method is tested through a case study of professional kitchen appliances where metal components are replaced with polymers. The first step involved the application of an established technique to identify polymeric bulk solutions, based on their technical properties. The second step employed a sensory analysis test to choose suitable finishes. Thirty-seven individuals performed the test: the subjects highlighted their main perceptions of metal and metal-look polymer finishes.The research demonstrates that the proposed method is suitable for the evaluation of both technical and sensorial properties of materials. In particular, Mapping test represents a rapid, low cost and effective tool to help industrial designers justify Colour Materials and Finish (CMF) choices with quantifiable information.
Graphical abstract
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Classification of Foreign Body Reactions due to Industrial Silicone Injection
BACKGROUND A foreign body reaction (FBR) is a typical tissue response to a biomaterial that has been injected or implanted in human body tissue. There has been a lack of data on the classification of foreign body reaction to silicone injection, which can describe the pattern of body tissue responses to silicone. OBJECTIVE Determine the foreign body reaction to silicone injection. METHOD We modified the classification proposed by Duranti and colleagues, which has categorized a FBR to hyaluronic acid injection into a new classification of an FBR to silicone injection. A cohort study of 31 women suffering from silicone-induced granulomas on their chin was conducted. Granulomatous tissue and submental skin were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and evaluated. RESULTS Our data revealed that there were at least 7 categories of FBRs to silicone injection that could be developed. Categories 1 to 4 showed inflammatory activity, and categories 5 to 8 showed tissue repair by fibrosis. CONCLUSION Using histopathological staining, we are able to sequence the steps of body reactions to silicone injection. Initial inflammatory reaction is then replaced by fibrosis process repairing the damaged tissues. The process depends on the host immune tolerance. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Ago Harlim, MD, MHA, PhD, Head of Dermatology and Venereology Division, Medical Faculty, Christian University of Indonesia, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jl. Mayjen Sutoyo No. 2, RT5/RW11, Cawang, Kramatjati, Jakarta Timur, Jakarta 13630, Indonesia, or e-mail: agoharlim@yahoo.com The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. © 2018 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
https://ift.tt/2IcZ8XF
https://ift.tt/2IcZ8XF
Efficacy Using a Modified Technique for Tissue Stabilized-Guided Subcision for the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Cellulite of the Buttocks and Thighs
BACKGROUND Cellulite can be significantly improved using vacuum-assisted tissue stabilized-guided subcision (TS-GS). However, the treatment of shallow and linear cellulite has remained problematic. OBJECTIVE In this retrospective study, we describe a modified technique of vacuum-assisted TS-GS. The aim is to demonstrate that this new limited-release technique is an effective treatment for long ripples and interconnected shallow dimples, which are characteristic of mild-to-moderate cellulite. METHODS Patients with mild-to-moderate cellulite were treated with limited-release vacuum-assisted TS-GS. All subcisions were performed at the 6-mm depth and a minimum of 3 mm between each dimple. Using a 4-point scale, 2 raters graded cellulite improvement on evaluation of prephotographs and postphotographs. RESULTS A total of 23 female patients were included in this study. The pre- and post-treatment photographs were correctly identified in 22 of the 23 patients (95.6%). The average cellulite improvement was 2.9 of 4 for the buttocks and 2.8 of 4 for the posterior thighs. Global cellulite improvement was reported at 3.1 of 4. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that modified, limited-release, vacuum-assisted TS-GS can be an effective and safe method for the treatment of long ripples and shallow dimples that are characteristics of mild-to-moderate cellulite. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Omer Ibrahim, MD, 3533 N Wilton, Avenue #2, Chicago, IL 60657, or e-mail: oibrahim@chicagodermatolog.y.com M.S. Kaminer serves as a research consultant for Merz. The remaining authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. © 2018 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
https://ift.tt/2rEVSJI
https://ift.tt/2rEVSJI
A modified CO2/O2 Guedel airway improves capnographic accuracy compared with a CO2/O2 nasal cannula: An infant manikin study
BACKGROUND Capnography via a CO2/O2 nasal cannula is commonly used for respiratory monitoring during sedation. However, signal disturbances are frequently encountered, especially in young children. OBJECTIVE Sampling ports placed closer to the trachea have been shown to result in improved signal quality. In a manikin model of a 6-month-old infant we compared capnography from a modified Guedel airway with a CO2 port located at the tip with that from a CO2/O2 nasal cannula. DESIGN A comparison study using an artificial model of a breathing 6-month-old infant. SETTING Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland, from March 2016 to June 2016. MATERIAL Modified CO2/O2 Guedel airway. INTERVENTIONS Capnography using a modified CO2/O2 Guedel airway or a CO2/O2 nasal cannula was performed for tidal volumes of 20 to 80 ml (in steps of 20 ml), respiratory rates of 20 to 60 min−1 (in steps of 10 min−1) and with different O2 flows (0 to 2 l min−1, in steps of 0.5 l). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of differences between tracheal and device CO2. Secondary outcomes included the effect of various respiratory settings and O2 flows on the CO2 difference. RESULTS The tracheal to device CO2 difference was significantly smaller when using a modified CO2/O2 Guedel airway vs. a CO2/O2 nasal cannula: Mean ± SD, 16.8 ± 4.9 vs. 24.1 ± 5.9 mmHg, P less than 0.0001. An O2 flow of 0.5 to 2 l min−1 did not influence the tracheal to device CO2 difference with the modified CO2/O2 Guedel airway in contrast to the CO2/O2 nasal cannula where there were significant differences (P
https://ift.tt/2rFYneL
https://ift.tt/2rFYneL
Duration of the action of rocuronium in patients with BMI of less than 25: An observational study
BACKGROUND The duration of rocuronium in patients with BMI more than 30 kg m−2 is prolonged. Whether the reverse is true when BMI is less than 18.5 kg m−2 is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether a BMI less than 25 kg m−2 affects the duration of rocuronium in doses adjusted for actual body weight. DESIGN A prospective, observational, single-centre study. SETTING The operating room of a teaching hospital from 1 June 2008 to 30 June 2015. PATIENTS Thirty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II who were scheduled to undergo elective surgery (BMI
https://ift.tt/2IdARkr
https://ift.tt/2IdARkr
Placebo versus low-dose ketamine infusion in addition to remifentanil target-controlled infusion for conscious sedation during oocyte retrieval: A prospective, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no gold standard for monitored anaesthesia care during oocyte retrieval. OBJECTIVE In our institution, the standard is a conscious sedation technique using a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil, titrated to maintain a visual analogue pain score less than 30 mm. This protocol is well accepted by patients but is associated with frequent episodes of respiratory depression. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of a continuous intravenous infusion of ketamine could reduce these episodes. DESIGN Controlled, randomised, prospective, double-blinded study. SETTING The current study was conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Brussels (Belgium) from December 2013 to June 2014. PATIENTS Of the 132 women undergoing oocyte retrieval included, 121 completed the study. INTERVENTION After randomisation, patients received either a ketamine infusion (40 μg kg−1 min−1 over 5 min followed by 2.5 μg kg−1 min−1) or a 0.9% saline infusion in addition to the variable remifentanil TCI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of respiratory depression episodes. Effect site target remifentanil concentrations, side effects, pain score, patient satisfaction and incidence of pregnancy were also recorded. RESULTS No significant difference in the incidence of respiratory events was noted (pulse oximetry oxygen saturation
https://ift.tt/2rEPAcW
https://ift.tt/2rEPAcW
Combining Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Medical Infrared Thermography (MIT) in the pre- and per-operating management of severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS)
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Stéphane Derruau, Yohann Renard, Hervé Pron, Redha Taiar, Ellie Abdi, Guillaume Polidori, Sandrine Lorimier
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and recurrent skin disease. Surgical excision of wounds appears to be the only curative treatment for the prevention of recurrence of moderate to severe stages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a standard reference examination for the detection of HS peri-anal inflammatory fistula. In this case study, the use of real-time medical infrared thermography, in combination with MRI as appropriate imaging, is proposed. The aim is to assist surgeons in the pre- and peri-surgical management of severe perianal hidradenitis suppurativa with the intent to ensure that all diseased lesions were removed during surgery and therefore to limit recurrence.The results show that medical infrared thermography (MIT), coupled with MRI, could be highly effective strategy to address thermally distinguished health tissues and inflammatory sites during excision, as characterised by differential increases in temperature. Medical infrared thermography could be used to check the total excision of inflammatory lesions as a noninvasive method that is not painful, not radiant, and is easily transportable during surgery. Ultimately, this method could be complementary with MRI in providing clinicians with objective data on the status of tissues below the perianal skin surface in the pre- and per-operating management of severe hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Antimicrobial effect of the photodynamic therapy using erythrosine/methylene blue combination on Streptococcus mutans biofilm
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Laíse Midori Tokubo, Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi, Irlan Almeida Freires, Mitsue Fujimaki, Josely Emiko Umeda, Patricia Magalhães Barbosa, Gabriela Ortolan Tecchio, Noboru Hioka, Camila Fabiano de Freitas, Raquel Sano Suga Terada
BackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated promising results in the treatment of several clinical pathologies through the photochemical reaction caused by the combination of a photosensitizer and a light source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the combination of the photosensitizers (PSs) erythrosine/methylene blue activated by a white halogen light device on Streptococcus mutans biofilm.MethodsTwo separate experiments were conducted, the first using the PSs at the concentration of 100 μM, and the second 250 μM. The PSs were tested on S. mutans biofilms cultured for 24 hours in isolation, in combination, with and without light activation for 2 minutes fractionated in 4 periods of 30 seconds. After treatment, biofilms were diluted and plated on BHI medium and incubated for 24 hours for colony forming units (CFU) counting. The results (log10) were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe erythrosine/methylene blue combination activated by white halogen light at 100 and 250 μM, and erythrosine at 250 μM, methylene blue at 250 μM presented significantly reduced cell counts (3.2 log10, 5.3 log10, 4.5 log10, 4.3 log10, respectively) when compared to controls (p < 0.05).ConclusionPDT with the combination of erythrosine/methylene blue demonstrated better results that the PSs in isolation regardless of the concentration. The use of this combination at the concentration of 250 μM shows promise as an antibacterial treatment for carious lesions and should be further assessed.
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Prediction of early caries prognosis after fluoride application based on the severity of lesions: An in situ study
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Hee-Eun Kim, Baek-Il Kim
PurposeThe aim of thisin situ study was to measure baseline fluorescence loss values (ΔF(0)) using the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology to screen enamel lesions for effective remineralization following fluoride application.MethodsIn this single-blindedin situ study, 20 adult volunteers wore intraoral appliances containing 4 specimens of human enamel. The surfaces of the specimens were divided into 3 regions: sound, demineralized, and treated regions. After generating 80 artificial enamel lesions with varying ΔF values, all specimens were covered with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel for 1 min. Three repeated QLF-digital measures of ΔF values were then obtained for the lesions, immediately after demineralization and at 1 and 4 weeks after fluoride application.Results and conclusionFluoride application was found to increase the ΔF values of lesions significantly over time (p < 0.001). The groups with lower ΔF(0) values showed significantly larger changes in ΔF values over time (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that baseline lesion values of ΔF(0) = -17.50 and -25.50 would allow for lesion ΔF to recover to -10 at 1 and 4 weeks after fluoride application, respectively (p < 0.001). The findings of this study indicate that clinicians can establish prognostic criteria for early carious lesions using the QLF technology, and hence predict the efficacy of fluoride treatment and devise effective lesion-specific treatment plans.
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Protective effects of echinacoside against anoxia/reperfusion injury in H9c2 cells via up-regulating p-AKT and SLC8A3
Publication date: August 2018
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 104
Author(s): Min Chen, Xiaodong Wang, Bo Hu, Jian Zhou, Xin Wang, Wei Wei, Hua Zhou
Echinacoside is a natural ingredient with various pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of echinacoside on cardiomyocytes (rat H9c2 cells) in an anoxia/reperfusion (A/R) model. Further, the regulatory function of sodium-calcium exchanger protein 3 (SLC8A3/NCX3) as well as the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling were studied. The present results indicated that echinacoside protected against A/R-induced apoptosis in a dose manner, which was characterized by a decrease in the apoptosis and caspase 3 protein levels in H9c2 cells. Further, Ca2+ uptake were dose-dependently reduced in H9c2 cells by echinacoside under A/R conditions. Whereas, relative mRNA expression of SLC8A3 and protein levels of SLC8A3 and p-AKT showed opposite tendency. On the one hand, the A/R-induced abnormalities in H9c2 cells were remarkably ameliorated by activated p-AKT and over-expression of SLC8A3 but aggravated by inhibited p-AKT, and the aggravated effection were ameliorated by echinacoside. Moreover, protein levels of SLC8A3 were positively regulated by p-AKT signaling. On the other hand, apoptosis and Ca2+ uptake as well as protein levels of caspase 3 were significantly increased by SLC8A3 silencing in H9c2 cells under normoxic conditions, and this symptom was remarkably reversed by echinacoside or Nimodipine (an antagonis of Ca2+) treatment. Collectively, echinacoside has showed a cardioprotective effect against A/R treatment in a dose dependent manner in vitro, and this cardioprotective effect was potentially achieved via up-regulating p-AKT and SLC8A3.
Graphical abstract
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MicroRNA-1247 inhibits lipopolysaccharides-induced acute pneumonia in A549 cells via targeting CC chemokine ligand 16
Publication date: August 2018
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 104
Author(s): Jinjing Guo, Ying Cheng
ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the potential roles and mechanism of miR-1247 in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute pneumonia.Materials and methodsThe miR-1247 expression in acute stage patients with infantile pneumonia was detected. To establish the cell model of acute pneumonia, A549 cells were treated with 1 mg/mL lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The effects of miR-1247 dysregulation on the cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy of LPS-induced A549 cells were investigated. Moreover, the functional targets of miR-1247 were identified and the regulatory relationships between miR-1247 and JNK or NF-κB pathways were explored.ResultsThe miR-1247 was lowly expressed in acute phage patients with infantile pneumonia. In addition, LPS treatment significantly inhibited A549cell viability, induced apoptosis, promoted the production of cytokines and decreased autophagy, thus causing A549 cell injury. Moreover, miR-1247 was decreased expression after LPS treatment, and overexpression of miR-1247 alleviated LPS-induced A549 cell injury. Furthermore, CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 16 was a functional target gene of miR-1247. Knockdown of CCL16 alleviated LPS-induced cell injury, and the combination of miR-1247 inhibition and CCL16 knockdown reversed the effects of CCL16 knockdown alone on LPS-induced A549 cell injury. Besides, inhibition of miR-1247 activated JNK and NF-κB pathways, while knockdown of CCL16 inhibited the activation of these pathways.ConclusionsOur data reveals that miR-1247 is lowly expressed in acute stage patients with infantile pneumonia. Overexpression of miR-1247 may alleviate LPS-induced A549 cell injury through targeting CCL16. JNK and NF-κB pathways may be key mechanisms to regulate the role of miR-1247 in LPS-induced lung injury.
Graphical abstract
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Precisely controlled delivery of magnesium ions thru sponge-like monodisperse PLGA/nano-MgO-alginate core-shell microsphere device to enable in-situ bone regeneration
Publication date: August 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 174
Author(s): Zhengjie Lin, Jun Wu, Wei Qiao, Ying Zhao, Karen H.M. Wong, Paul K. Chu, Liming Bian, Shuilin Wu, Yufeng Zheng, Kenneth M.C. Cheung, Frankie Leung, Kelvin W.K. Yeung
A range of magnesium ions (Mg2+) used has demonstrated osteogenic tendency in vitro. Hence, we propose to actualize this concept by designing a new system to precisely control the Mg2+ delivery at a particular concentration in vivo in order to effectively stimulate in-situ bone regeneration. To achieve this objective, a monodisperse core-shell microsphere delivery system comprising of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) biopolymer, alginate hydrogel, and magnesium oxide nano-particles has been designed by using customized microfluidic capillary device. The PLGA-MgO sponge-like spherical core works as a reservoir of Mg2+ while the alginate shell serves as physical barrier to control the outflow of Mg2+ at ∼50 ppm accurately for 2 weeks via its adjustable surface micro-porous network. With the aid of controlled release of Mg2+, the new core-shell microsphere system can effectively enhance osteoblastic activity in vitro and stimulate in-situ bone regeneration in vivo in terms of total bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), and trabecular thickness after operation. Interestingly, the Young's moduli of formed bone on the core-shell microsphere group have been restored to ∼96% of that of the surrounding matured bone. These findings indicate that the concept of precisely controlled release of Mg2+ may potentially apply for in-situ bone regeneration clinically.
Graphical abstract
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Glycosaminoglycan-based hybrid hydrogel encapsulated with polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles for endogenous stem cell regulation in central nervous system regeneration
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 174
Author(s): Wei-Hong Jian, Huan-Chih Wang, Chen-Hsiang Kuan, Ming-Hong Chen, Hsi-Chin Wu, Jui-Sheng Sun, Tzu-Wei Wang
The poor regenerative capability of stem cell transplantation in the central nervous system limits their therapeutic efficacy in brain injuries. The sustained inflammatory response, lack of structural support, and trophic factors deficiency restrain the integration and long-term survival of stem cells. Instead of exogenous stem cell therapy, here we described the synthesis of nanohybrid hydrogel containing sulfated glycosaminoglycan-based polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PCN) to mimic the brain extracellular matrix and control the delivery of stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and basic fibroblast factor (bFGF) in response to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) for recruiting endogenous neural stem cells (NSC) and regulating their cellular fate. Bioactive factors are delivered by electrostatic sequestration on PCN to amplify the signaling of SDF-1α and bFGF to regulate NSC in vitro. In in vivo ischemic stroke model, the factors promoted neurological behavior recovery by enhancing neurogenesis and angiogenesis. These combined strategies may be applied for other tissue regenerations by regulating endogenous progenitors through the delivery of different kinds of glycosaminoglycan-binding molecules.
https://ift.tt/2KinxYs
Quality Reporting
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 2
Author(s): DeLaine Schmitz, Matthew T. Popovich
Teaser
Since the 1990s, the use of quality measures in healthcare has grown exponentially. Practices must maintain current knowledge of measures that affect their clinicians locally and understand how assessment of these medical professionals affects the priorities and quality activities of practices and facilities. Because quality measures are increasingly used by hospital administrators, health plans, and payers, practices are being asked to shoulder the additional burdens of collecting and reporting data to various entities. Part of the solution to this increased burden often includes contracting with vendors and outside experts, as well as identifying effective local physician and practice champions.https://ift.tt/2rCk1kU
Comprehensive Preoperative Assessment and Global Optimization
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 2
Author(s): Neil N. Shah, Thomas R. Vetter
Teaser
To successfully deliver greater perioperative value-based care and to effectively contribute to sustained and meaningful perioperative population health management, the scope of existing preoperative management and its associated services and care provider skills must be expanded. New models of preoperative management are needed, which rely extensively on continuously evolving evidence-based best practice, as well as telemedicine and telehealth, including mobile technologies and connectivity. Along with conventional comorbidity optimization, prehabilitation can effectively promote enhanced postoperative recovery. This article focuses on the opportunities and mechanisms for delivering value-based, comprehensive preoperative assessment and global optimization of the surgical patient.https://ift.tt/2KlxILN
Copyright
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 2
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Contributors
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 2
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Contents
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 2
https://ift.tt/2jUt9gm
Forthcoming Issues
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 2
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Practice Management: Successfully Guiding Your Group into the Future
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 2
Author(s): Amr E. Abouleish, Stanley W. Stead
https://ift.tt/2jUt1xo
Overlapping Surgery
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Anesthesiology Clinics, Volume 36, Issue 2
Author(s): Amanda J. Morris, Joseph A. Sanford, Edward J. Damrose, Samuel H. Wald, Bassam Kadry, Alex Macario
Teaser
A keystone of operating room (OR) management is proper OR allocation to optimize access, safety, efficiency, and throughput. Access is important to surgeons, and overlapping surgery may increase patient access to surgeons with specialized skill sets and facilitate the training of medical students, residents, and fellows. Overlapping surgery is commonly performed in academic medical centers, although recent public scrutiny has raised debate about its safety, necessitating monitoring. This article introduces a system to monitor overlapping surgery, providing a surgeon-specific Key Performance Indicator, and discusses overlapping surgery as an approach toward OR management goals of efficiency and throughput.https://ift.tt/2Gdpseq
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in cord blood and perinatal outcomes from Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort, China
Abstract
We explored whether polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposed in cord blood could have any potential relationship with perinatal outcomes. Participants were pregnant females (n = 222) who were recruited from a prospective birth cohort (Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort, LWBC) between September 2010 and February 2012. We measured eight PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183) in cord serum and examined their relationship with perinatal outcomes. The median levels of BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183 were 2.92, 3.93, 2.29, 7.03, 3.03, 3.14, 1.46, and 2.55 ng/g lipids, respectively. For each log unit increase in BDE-47, BDE-100, and ∑4PBDEs, gestational age increased by 0.70 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25, 1.15), 0.48 weeks (95% CI 0.03, 0.94), and 0.73 weeks (95% CI 0.12, 1.34), respectively. We also found that BDE-47 was positively associated with head circumference (β = 0.42, 95% CI 0.00, 0.84). Given that our study area is one of the major brominated flame retardant production areas in China, and the cord PBDEs levels were relatively higher than those reported in most other Asian areas, more studies on the effects of in utero PBDE exposure on fetal growth and child development are warranted.
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The formation of unsaturated zones within cemented paste backfill mixtures—effects on the release of copper, nickel, and zinc
Abstract
Flooding of cemented paste backfill (CPB) filled mine workings is, commonly, a slow process and could lead to the formation of unsaturated zones within the CPB fillings. This facilitates the oxidation of sulfide minerals and thereby increases the risk of trace metal leaching. Pyrrhotitic tailings from a gold mine (cyanidation tailing (CT)), containing elevated concentrations of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), were mixed with cement and/or fly ash (1–3 wt%) to form CT-CPB mixtures. Pyrrhotite oxidation progressed more extensively during unsaturated conditions, where acidity resulted in dissolution of the Ni, Cu, and Zn associated with amorphous Fe precipitates and/or cementitious phases. The establishment of acidic, unsaturated conditions in CT-CBP:s with low fractions (1 wt%) of binders increased the Cu release (to be higher than that from CT), owing to the dissolution of Cu-associated amorphous Fe precipitates. In CT-CPB:s with relatively high proportions of binder, acidity from pyrrhotite oxidation was buffered to a greater extent. At this stage, Zn leaching increased due the occurrence of fly ash-specific Zn species soluble in alkaline conditions. Irrespective of binder proportion and water saturation level, the Ni and Zn release were lower, compared to that in CT. Fractions of Ni, Zn, and Cu associated with acid-soluble phases or amorphous Fe precipitates, susceptible to remobilization under acidic conditions, increased in tandem with binder fractions. Pyrrhotite oxidation occurred irrespective of the water saturation level in the CPB mixtures. That, in turn, poses an environmental risk, whereas a substantial proportion of Ni, Cu, and Zn was associated with acid-soluble phases.
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Contents Continued
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 67
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Analysis of ATXN2 trinucleotide repeats in Korean patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 67
Author(s): Young-Eun Kim, Ki-Wook Oh, Min-Young Noh, Jinseok Park, Hee-Jung Kim, Jong Eun Park, Chang-Seok Ki, Seung Hyun Kim
ATXN2 intermediate-length trinucleotide repeat expansions have been reported as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in various ethnicities. We tried to confirm this finding in Korean patients with ALS by screening ATXN2 cytosine-adenine-guanine nucleotide sequences (CAG) repeat lengths in 464 unrelated ALS patients and 703 controls. The most common and the highest CAG repeat lengths in the controls were 22 and 28, respectively, whereas those in ALS patients were 22 and 33, respectively. The frequency of CAG repeat lengths of 30 or more was significantly different between the 2 groups after Bonferroni correction (1.5% in ALS vs. 0% in controls, corrected p = 0.0075). There were no significant differences in gender, age at onset, site of onset, functional rating scale–revised score at initial visit, calculated progression rate, or survival between patients with CAG repeat lengths of 30–33 and patients with CAG repeat lengths <30. These findings support the notion that intermediate-length ATXN2 repeat expansions might be a risk factor in Korean patients with ALS.
https://ift.tt/2G9hq6s
Polygenic link between blood lipids and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 67
Author(s): Xu Chen, Solmaz Yazdani, Fredrik Piehl, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Fang Fang
Dyslipidemia is common among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to test the association and causality between blood lipids and ALS, using polygenic analyses on the summary results of genome-wide association studies. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) risk alleles were significantly associated with a higher risk of ALS. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) specifically associated with LDL-C and TC as the instrumental variables, statistically significant causal effects of LDL-C and TC on ALS risk were identified in Mendelian randomization analysis. No significant association was noted between PRSs based on triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol risk alleles and ALS, and the PRSs based on ALS risk alleles were not associated with any studied lipids. This study supports that high levels of LDL-C and TC are risk factors for ALS, and it also suggests a causal relationship of LDL-C and TC to ALS.
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Cover 2: Editorial Advisory Board
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 67
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Analysis of GWAS-linked variants in multiple system atrophy
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 67
Author(s): XiaoJing Gu, YongPing Chen, QingQing Zhou, Ying-Che Lu, Bei Cao, LingYu Zhang, Ming-Che Kuo, Yih-Ru Wu, Ruey-Meei Wu, Eng-King Tan, Hui-Fang Shang
A recent genome-wide association study performed in European population identified 4 potentially interesting gene loci of multiple system atrophy (MSA), including the EDN1 rs16872704, MAPT rs9303521, FBXO47 rs78523330, and ELOVL7 rs7715147. Because of the genetic heterogeneity, we aimed to explore the possible genetic association between above 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MSA in Chinese Han population from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore. A total of 1847 subjects comprising 906 MSA patients and 941 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped by directly sequencing for these SNPs. No significant differences in the genotype distributions, minor allele frequency of EDN1 rs16872704, MAPT rs9303521, FBXO47 rs78523330, and ELOVL7 rs7715147 between MSA patients and healthy controls, and between subtypes of MSA patients (MSA-C and MSA-P), were found. In conclusion, we demonstrated that genome-wide association study–linked SNPs in Caucasians do not confer a significant risk for MSA in the Chinese population.
https://ift.tt/2L0pAl0
Genetic analysis of TIA1 gene in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 67
Author(s): Kang Zhang, Qing Liu, Dongchao Shen, Hongfei Tai, Hanhui Fu, Shuangwu Liu, Zhili Wang, Jiayu Shi, Qingyun Ding, Xiaoguang Li, Mingsheng Liu, Liying Cui, Xue Zhang
Mutations in the low-complexity domain (LCD) of T cell–restricted intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1) was recently identified to be associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in non-Hispanic white populations. We sequenced the TIA1 exons 11-13 encoding LCD in a series of 588 Chinese ALS/ALS-FTD patients (Familial ALS = 29; Sporadic ALS = 546; ALS-FTD = 13) and 500 neurologically normal control subjects. We found a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.973A>G, p.N325D) in a sporadic ALS patient, which suggests that TIA1 LCD mutations are not common in Chinese ALS/ALS-FTD.
https://ift.tt/2GbAwZI
No association between 5 new GWAS-linked loci in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy in a Chinese population
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 67
Author(s): Yongping Chen, Bei Cao, Xiaojing Gu, Ruwei Ou, Qianqian Wei, Hui Liu, Lingyu Zhang, Xiaoqin Yuan, Wei Song, Bi Zhao, Ying Wu, Lixing Yuan, Jingqiu Cheng, Huifang Shang
Recently, 17 new Parkinson's disease (PD) risk loci were identified in a genome-wide association studies meta-analysis in Caucasians; however, their association with PD in Chinese patients is largely unknown. Therefore, we performed a replication study of 5 of the most commonly identified candidate variants, including SORBS3 rs2280104, SCN3A rs353116, TOX3 rs4784227, GLAC rs8005172, and ZNF184 rs9468199, in a large sample of patients with PD (1506) and multiple system atrophy (MSA, 496) in a Chinese population. These 5 variants were found to not be associated with PD and MSA in the Chinese population. Our results suggest that these variants are not risk factors for PD or MSA in the Chinese population.
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Cover 4: Contents
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 67
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