Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.
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Σάββατο 15 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
Associations among two vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (ApaI and TaqI) in acne vulgaris: A pilot susceptibility study
Reparative Dentistry: Possibilities and Limitations
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Defective dental restorations are amongst the most common encounters in general dental practice. Replacement of defective restorations is often costly and commonly results in the sacrifice of sound tooth structure, thereby compromising the vitality of the dental pulp, potentially resulting in the acceleration of the restoration cycle and premature loss of the restored tooth. With advances in adhesive dentistry, 'reparative dentistry' is becoming an important area of minimally invasive dentistry. This article highlights the detrimental biological effects of restoration replacement and provides an overview of current knowledge and understanding of restoration repair as a safe and effective alternative approach to replacement.
Recent Findings
The literature reviewed showed that a growing body of evidence from clinical studies indicates that repaired restorations have similar survival outcomes in patients with low and medium caries risk compared to replaced restorations and are clinically acceptable over a 12-year follow-up of clinical service. Teeth with repaired restorations are less likely to require aggressive interventions such as endodontic treatment or extraction compared to those with replaced restorations.
Summary
Repair options should be carried out wherever possible as minimally interventional procedures in order to increase the longevity of the remaining part of the restoration and the restored tooth unit. Restoration replacement should be considered as the last resort when there are no other viable alternatives.
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The impact of propranolol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and gemfibrozil on early life stages of marine organisms: effects and risk assessment
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are ubiquitously detected in the marine environment at the ng–μg/L range. Given their biological activity, these compounds are known to induce detrimental effects on biota at relatively low exposure levels; however, whether they affect early life stages of marine species is still unclear. In this study, a set of bioassays was performed to assess the effects of propranolol (PROP), 17-α ethinylestradiol (EE2), and gemfibrozil (GEM) on gamete fertilization and embryonic development of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus), and on the survival of seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae. Treatments of PROP (500, 5000, 50,000 ng/L), EE2 (5, 50, 500 ng/L), and GEM (50, 500, 5000 ng/L) were selected to encompass levels comparable or superior to environmental concentrations. Obtained data were tested for dose-response curve fitting and the lowest EC10/LC10 used to calculate risk quotients (RQs) based on the MEC/PNEC. No alteration was induced by PROP on the mussel gamete fertilization, while inhibitory effects were observed at environmental levels of EE2 (500 ng/L) and GEM (5000 ng/L). Fertilization was significantly reduced in sea urchin at all PROP and EE2 dosages. The 48-h exposure to all pharmaceuticals induced the onset of morphological abnormalities in either mussel or sea urchin embryos. Alterations were generally observed at environmentally relevant dosages, except for PROP in mussels, in which alterations occurred only at 50,000 ng/L. A decreased survival of seabream larvae was recorded after 96-h exposure to PROP (all treatments), EE2 (50–500 ng/L), and GEM (500 ng/L). A median RQ > 1 was obtained for all pharmaceuticals, assigning a high risk to their occurrence in marine environments. Overall, results showed that current levels of contamination by pharmaceuticals can impact early stages of marine species, which represent critical junctures in the resilience of coastal ecosystems.
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Neurovascular Anatomy at the “Box Junction”: Considerations in the Anterolateral Thigh Flap
J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670649
Background The anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap is one of the most widely used flaps in reconstructive microsurgery. This study investigated a previously unexplored and clinically relevant aspect of perforator anatomy: the "box junction" (BxJn), the point at which the perforator arises from its source vessel. Negotiating the BxJn can be a challenging and time-consuming step in flap harvest, due to the neurovascular structures in the area which must be protected from injury. However, as the presence and location of these structures have yet to be clearly defined, painstaking exploration is necessary on each occasion. Knowledge of BxJn anatomy could allow surgeons to harvest the ALT flap more rapidly and safely. Methods We dissected 20 cadaveric thighs and identified perforators to the ALT region and investigated the neurovascular anatomy at their BxJns. Results In 51 BxJns, two clinically relevant vascular structures were identified: an intramuscular artery arising from the perforator (23, 45% of cases) and a "deep" artery to the underlying muscle arising from the source vessel (29, 57% of cases). We confirmed the consistent presence of motor nerve branches and describe one previously unreported, clinically significant variation, in which the nerve to vastus lateralis crosses the BxJn (12, 24% of cases); 36, 71% of BxJns contained at least one vascular and one neural structure. Conclusions Our study confirms that the BxJn is a site of potentially complex and challenging neurovascular anatomy for the surgeon. Based on these results, we propose an algorithm to guide inexperienced surgeons in negotiating this area.
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Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Behavioral response and dynamics of Eisenia fetida hemocytes exposed to environmentally relevant concentration of sulfentrazone
Abstract
Although the toxicity of the pesticide sulfentrazone in some aquatic organisms is known, its effects on edaphic organisms such as earthworms remain completely unknown. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the behavior and immune response of Eisenia fetida exposed to sulfentrazone at environmentally relevant concentrations (EC). E. fetida representatives exposed to this contaminant (for 48 h) were divided in the following groups: environmental concentration (EC1x: 318 ng sulfentrazone/g of dry weight soil) and EC100x (concentration 100 times higher than in EC1x). Based on the avoidance test results, earthworms responded to this pesticide and proved the toxicity of sulfentrazone. The observed immune response induction was expressed by increased granulocytes presenting phagocytic vacuoles and agglomerations/encapsulations, mainly in animals belonging to groups EC1x and EC100x. However, the reduced frequency of plasmocytes in these animals' hemolymphs suggested that the phagocytic immune response was not efficient to assure 100% survival. Our study is the first to report sulfentrazone toxicity in an edaphic organism, at environmental concentration.
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Aerobic and oxygen-limited enrichment of BTEX-degrading biofilm bacteria: dominance of Malikia versus Acidovorax species
Abstract
Due to their high resistance against environmental challenges, bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous and are frequently associated with undesired phenomena in environmental industry (e. g. biofouling). However, because of the high phylogenetic and functional diversity, bacterial biofilms are important sources of biotechnologically relevant microorganisms, e.g. those showing bioremediation potential. In our previous work, the high phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of a clogging biofilm, developed in a simple aromatic hydrocarbon (BTEX)-contaminated groundwater well was uncovered. The determination of relationships between different groups of biofilm bacteria and certain metabolic traits has been omitted so far. Therefore, by setting up new biofilm-based enrichment microcosms, the research goal of the present study was to identify the aerobic/hypoxic BTEX-degrading and/or prolific biofilm-forming bacteria. The initial bacterial community composition as well as temporal dynamics due to the selective enrichment has been determined. The obtained results indicated that the concentration of dissolved oxygen may be a strong selective force on the evolution and final structure of microbial communities, developed in hydrocarbon-contaminated environments. Accordingly, members of the genus Malikia proved to be the most dominant community members of the aerobic BTEX-degrading enrichments. Acidovorax spp. dominated the oxygen-limited/hypoxic setup. During the study, a strain collection of 23 different bacterial species was obtained. Non-pathogenic members of this strain collection, with outstanding biodegradation (e.g. Pseudomonas, Variovorax isolates) and biofilm-forming potential (e.g. Rhizobium), may potentially be applied in the development of biofilm-based semipermeable reactive biobarriers.
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A new side-looking downhole magnetic resonance imaging tool
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2018
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s): Zhe Sun, Lizhi Xiao, Xueli Hou, Sihui Luo, Guangzhi Liao, Yan Zhang, Wei Liu, Jie Wang, Weiliang Chen, Zhengduo Wang, Lei Li, Yifan Wang, Feixue Gong
Abstract
In general, only the depth information can be acquired using the centralized downhole NMR tools. The radial profile information is equally important to the depth. Improving the pad tools, also called side-looking tools, is the appropriate direction for solving this problem. The side-looking downhole measurement can provide depth and radially resolved information of the reservoir. In this research a new side-looking tool which includes main magnets and pre-polarized magnets has been designed and built. The pre-polarized magnets in both sides are used to adjust the homogeneity of magnetic field along the length direction of the instrument and polarize the samples when the tool is moving up and down along the borehole with a speed up to 500 m/h. A winding coil with several frequencies corresponding to different depths has been designed to match the static magnetic field. The sensitive region of this tool is about one-third of a hollow cylinder at every frequency which gives a side-looking image of the borehole wall. We have demonstrated that this new side-looking tool behaves well with an echo time short to 0.25 ms, which ensures the richness and accuracy of the measurements. Such a new side-looking tool is suitable for the detection of unconventional reservoirs.
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The role of the striatum in linguistic selection: Evidence from Huntington’s disease and computational modeling
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): Maria Giavazzi, Robert Daland, Stefano Palminteri, Sharon Peperkamp, Pierre Brugières, Charlotte Jacquemot, Catherine Schramm, Laurent Cleret de Langavant, Anne-Catherine Bachoud -Lévi
Abstract
Though accumulating evidence indicates that the striatum is recruited during language processing, the specific function of this subcortical structure in language remains to be elucidated. To answer this question, we used Huntington's disease as a model of striatal lesion. We investigated the morphological deficit of 30 early Huntington's disease patients with a novel linguistic task that can be modeled within an explicit theory of linguistic computation. Behavioral results reflected an impairment in HD patients on the linguistic task. Computational model-based analysis compared the behavioral data to simulated data from two distinct lesion models, a selection deficit model and a grammatical deficit model. This analysis revealed that the impairment derives from an increased randomness in the process of selecting between grammatical alternatives, rather than from a disruption of grammatical knowledge per se. Voxel-based morphometry permitted to correlate this impairment to dorsal striatal degeneration. We thus show that the striatum holds a role in the selection of linguistic alternatives, just as in the selection of motor and cognitive programs.
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Phantom limb sensations in the ear of a patient with a brachial plexus lesion
Publication date: Available online 14 September 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): Mariella Pazzaglia, Giulia Galli, Giuliana Lucci, Giorgio Scivoletto, Marco Molinari, Patrick Haggard
Summary
Referred phantom sensations are frequently reported following a peripheral injury. However, very few cases describe such sensations of the ear, and it remains unclear how the aural nerve territory can be remapped to one specific peripheral nerve region. We report on a patient with brachial plexus avulsion who underwent sensory testing and was asked to report the location of the stimulated site and any other sensations experienced. The patient spontaneously described the sensation of his arm being separate from his body. Despite visual input, he felt that his fist was closed, with his thumb pointing inward. Importantly, he felt clear and reproducible sensations from the affected arm when the ipsilateral ear was touched. These referred sensations were noted just 15 days after sustaining the injury. The arm nerve territory was systematically remapped to a specific aural nerve territory by applying both manual and electrical stimulation. Stimulation of the external ear, which is innervated by the vagus nerve, showed high spatial specificity for the dorsal and volar skin surfaces of the limb, and clearly delineated digits. Somatosensory-evoked potentials indicated that cortical adaptation in the somatosensory stream transferred a spatially organized map of the limb to the skin of the outer ear. This referral of sensations to the ear, as distinct from the face, provides evidence of highly specific topographical reorganization of the central nervous system following peripheral injury. Rapid map changes in the phantom sensation to the ear as a function of stimulation of vagus nerve suggest that the reorganization process can occur in cortex rather than in the brainstem.
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Enhanced deviant responses in patterned relative to random sound sequences
Publication date: Available online 14 September 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): Rosy Southwell, Maria Chait
Abstract
The brain draws on knowledge of statistical structure in the environment to facilitate detection of new events. Understanding the nature of this representation is a key challenge in sensory neuroscience. Specifically, it is unknown whether real-time perception of rapidly-unfolding sensory signals is driven by a coarse or detailed representation of the proximal stimulus history. We recorded electroencephalography brain responses to frequency outliers in regularly-patterned (REG) versus random (RAND) tone-pip sequences which were generated anew on each trial. REG and RAND sequences were matched in frequency content and span, only differing in the specific order of the tone-pips. Stimuli were very rapid, limiting conscious reasoning in favour of automatic processing of regularity. Listeners were naïve and performed an incidental visual task. Outliers within REG evoked a larger response than matched outliers in RAND. These effects arose rapidly (within 80 ms) and were underpinned by distinct sources from those classically associated with frequency-based deviance detection. These findings are consistent with the notion that the brain continually maintains a detailed representation of ongoing sensory input and that this representation shapes the processing of incoming information. Predominantly auditory-cortical sources code for frequency deviance whilst frontal sources are associated with tracking more complex sequence structure.
https://ift.tt/2xloyKv
Scholar : Art Therapy, Volume 35, Issue 2, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Treatment and outcomes in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: a study of 110 cases from a single center
Abstract
Purpose
Many pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are nowadays diagnosed as incidentalomas or by screening. This may have changed outcomes.
Methods
We reviewed 110 consecutive cases of PPGLs. Two cases with concurrent ectopic ACTH-syndrome were excluded.
Results
Sixty-five percent had presented as incidentalomas, 30% as symptomatic PPGLs, and 5% had been screened (previously diagnosed MEN2A). Doxazosin was used in 79%, phenoxybenzamine in 18%, intravenous phentolamine in 1%, and no alpha-blockade in the rest. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 70%, but 11% were converted to open surgery. Complications of surgery were seen in 20%, and length of stay after surgery was 4 days (2–8) with no correlation with alpha-blockade dose or time. In the whole cohort glycemic disturbances decreased by surgery (47% vs. 9%, P < 0.001). During 9.6 ± 7.2-year (median 8[4–13]) follow-up, 7% developed a new PPGL, 5% a PPGL-metastasis (KI67 > 2% n = 2; KI67 ≤ 1% n = 3; tumor size ≥ 95 mm n = 4), and 13% died (metastatic pheochromocytoma n = 2, hypertensive crisis n = 1, heart failure n = 2, other malignancies n = 5, and unclear n = 4). Surgery improved blood pressure and glycemic disturbances in the incidentaloma and the symptomatic PPGL. Recurrence was more common in the screening group. The symptomatic PPGL group was more likely to die of a PPGL-related cause. Surgery was more challenging in the paragangliomas, with less improvement in glycemic control than in the pheochromocytoma group. However, blood pressure and long-term outcomes were similar.
Conclusion
The outcomes seemed slightly better than previous studies. Long-term prognosis was similar between pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
https://ift.tt/2NLpJx2
Scholar : These new articles for Aquatic Insects are available online
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In reply to Prognostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy according to Breslow thickness for cutaneous melanoma
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Serigne N. Lo, Matthew Stodell, Richard A. Scolyer, John F. Thompson
https://ift.tt/2NJLAVz
Use of Immortal time within survival analysis
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Linda Chan, Karen Byth, Pablo Fernandez-Penas
https://ift.tt/2Mu5CyQ
Treatment and outcomes in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: a study of 110 cases from a single center
Abstract
Purpose
Many pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are nowadays diagnosed as incidentalomas or by screening. This may have changed outcomes.
Methods
We reviewed 110 consecutive cases of PPGLs. Two cases with concurrent ectopic ACTH-syndrome were excluded.
Results
Sixty-five percent had presented as incidentalomas, 30% as symptomatic PPGLs, and 5% had been screened (previously diagnosed MEN2A). Doxazosin was used in 79%, phenoxybenzamine in 18%, intravenous phentolamine in 1%, and no alpha-blockade in the rest. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 70%, but 11% were converted to open surgery. Complications of surgery were seen in 20%, and length of stay after surgery was 4 days (2–8) with no correlation with alpha-blockade dose or time. In the whole cohort glycemic disturbances decreased by surgery (47% vs. 9%, P < 0.001). During 9.6 ± 7.2-year (median 8[4–13]) follow-up, 7% developed a new PPGL, 5% a PPGL-metastasis (KI67 > 2% n = 2; KI67 ≤ 1% n = 3; tumor size ≥ 95 mm n = 4), and 13% died (metastatic pheochromocytoma n = 2, hypertensive crisis n = 1, heart failure n = 2, other malignancies n = 5, and unclear n = 4). Surgery improved blood pressure and glycemic disturbances in the incidentaloma and the symptomatic PPGL. Recurrence was more common in the screening group. The symptomatic PPGL group was more likely to die of a PPGL-related cause. Surgery was more challenging in the paragangliomas, with less improvement in glycemic control than in the pheochromocytoma group. However, blood pressure and long-term outcomes were similar.
Conclusion
The outcomes seemed slightly better than previous studies. Long-term prognosis was similar between pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
https://ift.tt/2NLpJx2
Discovery and mechanism study of a novel chromium-accumulating plant, Lonicera japonica Thunb.
Abstract
Finding chromium-accumulating plants is of great interest for phytoremediation of soil contaminated by chromium (Cr). Inspired by Traditional Chinese Medicine, we examined the Cr-resistance and Cr-accumulation of Lonicera japonica Thunb. After a two-phase study using both soil and water culture, we found that L. japonica could be a novel Cr-accumulating plant, which contains an average Cr(III) content of 1297.14 mg.kg−1 in its leaves. The Cr enrichment factor and the Cr transport coefficient of Lonicera japonica was 5.19 and 1.79, respectively. Lonicera japonica is the fifth Cr-accumulating plant discovered worldwide, and the first Cr-accumulating woody plant ever discovered. The results support the conclusions drawn from studies of Cr-accumulating Leersia hexandra that oxalic acid production can increase Cr tolerance whereas citric acid or malic acid has no effect, suggesting that oxalic acid might be a common reason for Cr tolerance in all Cr-accumulating plants. Moreover, this study revealed that the production of anthocyanin and carotene can also increase Cr(III) tolerance, suggesting that anthocyanin and carotene might also account for Cr tolerance in Cr-accumulating plants. We believe that the discovery of Lonicera japonica as a Cr-accumulating plant will offer great opportunities in phytoremediation, and the success should be a strong sign that Traditional Chinese Medicine harbors more secrets to be uncovered with modern science.
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Sensitive and specific assay for the serological diagnosis of anti‐laminin 332 mucous membrane pemphigoid
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2CXv4gA
Factors influencing pain and efficacy of topical photodynamic therapy: a retrospective study
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2xcuLsW
The utility of optical coherence tomography for diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: A quantitative review
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2CYt1c5
Cancer is not a risk factor for bullous pemphigoid. A ten‐year population‐based cohort study
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2xd1M8g
Infrared spectroscopy as a novel tool to diagnose onychomycosis
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2D0IIQe
Management of congenital ichthyoses: European guidelines of care: Part One
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2xaUDFs
Infantile bullous pemphigoid successfully treated with combined pulse corticosteroids and high‐dose IVIG
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2MA3vJQ
Travelers’ tropical skin diseases: Challenges and interventions
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2QCKbiq
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