Incidence and risk of cardiotoxicity in cancer patients treated with targeted therapies

Publication date: Available online 28 July 2017
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews
Author(s): Matteo Santoni, Federico Guerra, Alessandro Conti, Alessandra Lucarelli, Silvia Rinaldi, Laura Belvederesi, Alessandro Capucci, Rossana Berardi
BackgroundCardiotoxicityis a serious side effect of molecularly targeted agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and Relative Risk (RR) of developing all-grade and high-grade cardiotoxicity in patients with solid tumors receiving targeted agents through a revised meta-analysis of available clinical trials.MethodsThe scientific literature regarding cardiotoxicity was extensively analyzed using MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Eligible studies were selected according to PRISMA statement. Summary incidence, RR, and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of selected studies.ResultsOur search yielded a total of 4998 clinical studies; of them, 31 trials were finally considered for this meta-analysis. A total of 28538 patients were included; 7995 of these patients had breast cancer (28%), 6151 (22%) prostate cancer and 14392 (50%) were treated for other malignancies. The highest RR of high-grade events was observed with Vandetanib (RR=7.71, 95% CI 1.04–56.99), followed by Ramucirumab (RR=5.0) and Aflibercept (RR=4.1). Grouping by drug category, the highest incidence of high-grade cardiotoxicity was shown by anti-VEGFR-TKIs (RR 5.62, 95% CI 1.49–21.24) and anti-VEGF mAbs/VEGF-trap (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24–2.69). Grouping by tumor type, the highest incidence of cardiotoxicity was observed in thyroid cancer (8%), followed by gastric cancer (4%).ConclusionsTreatment with targeted agents in cancer patients is correlated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiotoxicity. Frequent clinical monitoring should be emphasized when using these and newer biological agents.



http://ift.tt/2v2Bea6

Genomic characterization of an extensively-drug resistance Salmonella enterica serotype Indiana strain harboring blaNDM-1 gene isolated from a chicken carcass in China

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2017
Source:Microbiological Research
Author(s): Wei Wang, Zixin Peng, Zulqarnain Baloch, Yujie Hu, Jin Xu, Wenhui Zhang, Séamus Fanning, Fengqin Li
ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to genetically characterize the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Salmonella enterica serotype Indiana C629 isolated from a chicken carcass in China in 2014.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility against a panel of 23 antimicrobial agents was carried out on Salmonella enterica serotype Indiana C629 and assessed according to CLSI standards. Whole-genome sequencing of this isolate was conducted to obtain the complete genome of S. Indiana.ResultsSalmonella Indiana C629 expressed an XDR phenotype being resistant to more than 20 antimicrobial agents, including imipenem and meropenem. From the analysis of the resistance mechanisms, two mutations were identified in subunit A of DNA gyrase within the quinolone resistance determining region, in addition to the acquisition of mobile efflux pumps encoding oqxA/B/R. Additionally, four beta-lactamases resistance genes (blaCTX-M-65, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, and blaNDM-1), five aminoglycosides resistance genes (aac(3)-IV, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA2, aadA5, and aph(4)-Ia), two phenicol resistance genes (catB3 and floR), and five trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (sul1/2/3 and dfrA12/17) were also identified. A total of 191 virulence genes were identified. Among them, 57 belonged to type-three secretion system (T3SS) encoding genes, 55 belonged to fimbrial adherence encoding genes, and 39 belonged to flagella-encoding genesConclusionsThis study demonstrated that multi-resistance mechanisms consistent with an XDR-phenotype, along with various virulence encoding genes of a S. Indiana strain in China These findings highlight the importance of cooperation among different sectors in order to monitor the spread of resistant pathogens among food animal, foods of animal origin and human beings that might further take measures to protect consumers' health.



http://ift.tt/2vOGkUW

Antimicrobial activity of copaiba oil: A review and a call for further research

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Priscila Lie Tobouti, Thaysa Cornieri de Andrade Martins, Terezinha Jeane Pereira, Maria Carolina Martins Mussi
Copaiba oil has been used for more than 390 years, however, considering the time of empirical use, there are a scarce number of publications on its activities. This essential oil is a phytomedicine proven to be efficient against some microorganisms. However, different from other phytomedicines which are well established, antimicrobial studies on copaiba oil can present some bias due to the lack of standardization. This review; summarizes recent works, from 2009 to 2016, into the antibacterial and antifungal activities of copaiba oil; discusses issues affecting studies on this oil; and calls for more in vitro and clinical studies.



http://ift.tt/2v4vY5w

The participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Paulina Kleniewska, Rafał Pawliczak
Reactive oxygen species are produced during oxygen reduction and are characterized by high reactivity. They participate in many important physiological processes, but if produced in high concentrations they lead to oxidative stress development and disturb pro-oxidative/anti-oxidative balance towards the oxidation reaction – leading to damage of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways of various pathogenesis and clinical symptoms, prevalence in recent years has increased significantly. Recently published literature point out the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of asthma. Changes in the protein and lipid oxidation lead, among others, to pathological changes in the respiratory epithelial cells, an increase in vascular permeability, mucus overproduction, smooth muscle contraction or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the influence of oxidative stress parameters on asthma development.



http://ift.tt/2h7LJDj

Cadmium chloride–induced testicular toxicity in male wistar rats; prophylactic effect of quercetin, and assessment of testicular recovery following cadmium chloride withdrawal

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Victor U. Nna, Godwin A. Ujah, Mahaneem Mohamed, Kingsley B. Etim, Benedict O. Igba, Ele R. Augustine, Eme E. Osim
This study assessed the effect of quercetin (QE) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2) − induced testicular toxicity, as well as the effect of withdrawal of CdCl2 treatment on same. Thirty male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks old and weighing 270–300g were assigned into 5 groups and used for this study. Rats in groups 1–4 were administered vehicle, CdCl2 (5mg/kg bwt), CdCl2+QE (5mg/kg bwt and 20mg/kg bwt, respectively) or QE (20mg/kg bwt) orally for 4 weeks. Group 5 rats received CdCl2, with 4 weeks recovery period. Results showed that cadmium accumulated in serum, testis and epididymis, decreased body weight, testicular and epididymal weights, sperm count, motility and viability. Cadmium decreased serum concentrations of reproductive hormones, but increased testicular glucose, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Cadmium decreased testicular enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (glutathione, vitamins C and E) antioxidants, and increased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Cadmium down-regulated Bcl-2 protein, up-regulated Bax protein, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 activity. Histopathology of the testis showed decreased Johnsen's score and Leydig cell count. These negative effects were attenuated by QE administration, while withdrawal of CdCl2 did not appreciably reverse toxicity. We conclude that QE better protected the testis from CdCl2 toxicity than withdrawal of CdCl2 administration.



http://ift.tt/2eSopZy

The effect of high β-glucan flour incorporation into instant rice porridge on satiety and energy intake

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2017
Source:Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre
Author(s): Jowee Ng, Iain A Brownlee
Soluble dietary fibres such as oat β-glucan have been suggested to increase gastrointestinal viscosity to improve appetite regulation and reduce subsequent food intake. However, a paucity of research regarding the appetite-regulating effects of β-glucan in semisolid test meals exists. The aim of this study was to examine the appetite-regulating effects of instant rice porridge enriched with oat β-glucan on postprandial satiety and 24-hour prospective energy intake. In a crossover, single blind study design, seventeen healthy volunteers consumed instant rice porridge enriched with 1g oat β-glucan and control rice porridge. Appetite ratings at baseline and during the 210minutes following the consumption of test meals were recorded using visual analog scales (VAS). Food diaries were used to record dietary intake prospectively over a 24-hour period. No significant differences between treatments were observed in hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to snack and capacity to eat. However, consumption of the β-glucan enriched porridge resulted in a significant reduction (p = 0.026) in energy intake (1715 kJ) in the post-meal 24-hour period. Low doses of high-viscosity β-glucan-rich flour in a semisolid meal appeared to decrease prospective energy intake over 24hours, with no postprandial effects on appetite regulation within 210minutes.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2uHQ2bH

The impact of supplementation with dietary fibres on weight loss: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2017
Source:Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre
Author(s): Kia Yong Chew, Iain A Brownlee
The prevalence of excess body weight has significantly increased, with recent estimates suggesting 1.9 billion people are overweight or obese worldwide. While intake of dietary fibre (mainly from plant-based foods) is associated with improved weight management over time, it is uncertain whether dietary fibre isolates will benefit weight loss. The present study aimed to systematically assess the current evidence that dietary fibre supplementation can impact on weight loss in overweight adults. Blinded, randomised-controlled trials were retrieved from Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Studies with free-living, overweight adult participants and fibre supplementation in various forms (i.e. as pills, capsules or powder mix formats) were included. A total of 32 trials were identified that met these criteria. Meta-analysis of statistically pooled data for chitosan (n=6) found significant increases in weight loss (effect size −0.42, 95% confidence interval: −0.81 to −0.03, P<0.001) in treatment groups compared with control groups. For glucomannan (n=5), non-significant difference was found (effect size −0.58, 95% confidence interval: −1.52 to 0.35, P<0.001). Risk of bias within included studies appeared to be low with mean scores of >3 on the Jadad scale and 13 studies scoring the highest possible value. Evidence on the potential impact of supplementation with other fibre types on weight loss was limited by a low number of studies and varied methodological approaches. Further research is recommended to explore these underlying issues to improve the paucity of evidence. A number of elements of study design should also be carefully considered in future work.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2uHA01f

Once upon a (slow) time in the land of recurrent neuronal networks…

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 46
Author(s): Chengcheng Huang, Brent Doiron
The brain must both react quickly to new inputs as well as store a memory of past activity. This requires biology that operates over a vast range of time scales. Fast time scales are determined by the kinetics of synaptic conductances and ionic channels; however, the mechanics of slow time scales are more complicated. In this opinion article we review two distinct network-based mechanisms that impart slow time scales in recurrently coupled neuronal networks. The first is in strongly coupled networks where the time scale of the internally generated fluctuations diverges at the transition between stable and chaotic firing rate activity. The second is in networks with finitely many members where noise-induced transitions between metastable states appear as a slow time scale in the ongoing network firing activity. We discuss these mechanisms with an emphasis on their similarities and differences.



http://ift.tt/2tIDUWu

IPL vs PDL in treatment of facial erythema: A split-face study

Summary

Background

Lasers and noncoherent intense pulse light sources effectively treat vascular lesions. Intense pulsed light (IPL), a nonablative treatment for photorejuvenation, uses a flashlamp which emits noncoherent light between 400 and 1400 nm. The light may be filtered to target a specific chromophore. The pulsed dye laser (PDL), at 595 nm, has been the historical standard of care in the treatment of facial erythema. We sought to determine whether IPL may be used in lieu of PDL in reducing facial erythema.

Objectives

To determine whether IPL may be used to treat facial erythema with equal efficacy as PDL used at nonpurpuric settings.

Methods

Prospective investigation of a cohort of 15 subjects with unwanted bilateral facial erythema. Subjects presented for two treatments with an IPL (BBL™ BroadBand Light; Sciton, Palo Alto, CA) to one half of the face and PDL (Cynergy™; Cynosure, Westford, MA) to the other half.

Results

Patients with facial erythema may be successfully treated with IPL or PDL.

Conclusions

Intense pulsed light and pulsed dye laser with nonpurpuric settings were equally effective in reducing facial erythema.

http://ift.tt/2v4drWP

Resting state functional connectivity correlates of emotional awareness

Publication date: 1 October 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 159
Author(s): Ryan Smith, Anna Alkozei, Jennifer Bao, Courtney Smith, Richard D. Lane, William D.S. Killgore
Multiple neuroimaging studies have now linked emotional awareness (EA), as measured by the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS), with activation in regions of neural networks associated with both conceptualization (i.e., default mode network [DMN] regions) and interoception (i.e., salience network [SN] regions) – consistent with the definition of EA as one's ability to appropriately recognize, conceptualize, and articulate the emotions of self and other in fine-grained, differentiated ways. However, no study has yet tested the hypothesis that greater LEAS scores are associated with greater resting state functional connectivity (FC) within these networks. Twenty-six adults (13 female) underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and also completed the LEAS. Using pre-defined functional ROIs from the DMN and SN, we observed that LEAS scores were significantly positively correlated with FC between several regions of both of these networks, even when controlling for differences in general intelligence (IQ). These results suggest that higher EA may be associated with more efficient information exchange between brain regions involved in both interoception- and conceptualization-based processing, which could plausibly contribute to more differentiated bodily feelings and more fine-grained conceptualization of those feelings.



http://ift.tt/2uDP9Cr

Photobiomodulation therapy by NIR laser in persistent pain: an analytical study in the rat

Abstract

Over the past three decades, physicians have used laser sources for the management of different pain conditions obtaining controversial results that call for further investigations. In order to evaluate the pain relieving possibilities of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), we tested two near infrared (NIR) laser systems, with different power, against various kinds of persistent hyperalgesia animal models. In rats, articular pain was reproduced by the intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), while compressive neuropathy was modelled by the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI). In MIA and CFA models, (NIR) laser (MLS-Mphi, ASA S.r.l., Vicenza, Italy) application was started 14 days after injury and was performed once a day for a total of 13 applications. In MIA-treated animals, the anti-hyperalgesic effect of laser began 5 min after treatment and vanished after 60 min. The subsequent applications evoked similar effects. In CFA-treated rats, laser efficacy started 5 min after treatment and disappeared after 180 min. In rats that underwent CCI, two treatment protocols with similar fluence but different power output were tested using a new experimental device called Multiwave Locked System laser (MLS-HPP). Treatments began 7 days after injury and were performed during 3 weeks for a total of 10 applications. Both protocols reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and hindlimb weight bearing alterations until 60 min after treatment with a higher efficacy recorded for the animals treated using the higher power output. In conclusion, this study supports laser therapy as a potential treatment for immediate relief of chronic articular or neuropathic pain.

http://ift.tt/2v4eLJn

Anal Pap Tests to Decrease Anal Cancer Burden in HIV-Infected Patients.

Author: Shihabuddin, Courtney DuBois APRN-CNP, AAHIVS

Page: 11

http://ift.tt/2tIlaXh

AJN On the Cover.

Author: Szulecki, Diane Editor

Page: 12

http://ift.tt/2v4tlk3

Protecting Care for the Vulnerable.

Author: Rebisz, Keith BSN, RN

Page: 13

http://ift.tt/2v4tiET

Nurses Try a Plant-Based Diet.

Author: B., Neal MD

Page: 13

http://ift.tt/2tHS22j

Nurses Try a Plant-Based Diet.

Author: J., Meghan

Page: 13

http://ift.tt/2tI7xqX

Low-Income Adults Report Better Health, Other Benefits, with the ACA.

Author: Sofer, Dalia

Page: 14

http://ift.tt/2v4Kg5W

NewsCAP: Interventions in EDs may prevent future suicide attempts and deaths.

Author:

Page: 15

http://ift.tt/2v47gC7

NewsCAP: The ACP updates treatment recommendations for low bone density and osteoporosis.

Author:

Page: 15

http://ift.tt/2tI2kzd

Study Highlights the Need for Continuing Postapproval Drug Monitoring.

Author: Stockwell, Serena

Page: 16

http://ift.tt/2v4u6d2

NewsCAP: Higher U.S. county poverty concentration is associated with higher rates of fatal child abuse.

Author:

Page: 16

http://ift.tt/2tHRNUZ

New CDC Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection.

Author: Todd, Betsy MPH, RN, CIC

Page: 17

http://ift.tt/2v4tsMs

NewsCAP: HCV infections triple, according to a recent CDC report.

Author:

Page: 17

http://ift.tt/2tI84ct

LGBT Older Adults in Long-Term Care.

Author: Jacobson, Joy

Page: 18-20

http://ift.tt/2v4ljru

Sucrose as Analgesia in Neonates Undergoing Painful Procedures.

Author: Matsuda, Erin DNP, RN, CPNP

Page: 21

http://ift.tt/2tHGT1q

New Approvals in Cancer Treatment.

Author: Aschenbrenner, Diane S. MS, RN

Page: 22

http://ift.tt/2v4m2ch

Relational containment: exploring the effect of family-based treatment for anorexia on familial relationships

Abstract

Background

The aim of this research was to investigate the process of familial relationship change for adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their parents, who participated in Family-Based Treatment (FBT).

Method

A Constructionist grounded theory design was employed with purposive sampling. Sixteen young people between 12 and 18 years with a good outcome in FBT and twenty-eight of their parents participated. Young people and their parents took part in separate interviews at the end of treatment. Each interview was transcribed and analysed to identify a unifying phenomenon across the data to elicit a theory that explained the data and then integrated into existing theory.

Results

Prior to treatment families' experienced significant conflict, disconnection and isolation. The FBT structure, therapist direction, and the specialist medical setting created a process of relational containment. This enabled parents to trust the process of FBT and develop confidence in their executive role in the family. In turn this allowed the adolescent with anorexia nervosa to trust their parents, feel more secure and gradually engage in the treatment process themselves. Improvements in closeness, communication and adolescent sense of self were reported after FBT.

Conclusions

These findings illuminate a possible mechanism of change in FBT. It underscores the importance of parental management of eating disorder symptoms at the commencement of treatment to enable increased parental confidence. Meaningful changes occurred for the adolescents' that aided normal developmental and relational processes, an important aspect of recovery.

Trial registration

Australian Clinical Trials Register number: ACTRN012607000009415

http://ift.tt/2uHDC3z

A 12-week supervised exercise therapy program for young adults with a meniscal tear: Program development and feasibility study

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Søren T. Skou, Jonas B. Thorlund
ObjectiveTo describe the development and feasibility of an exercise therapy program for treatment of young adults (18–40 years of age) with a meniscal tear.MethodsResearchers and experienced physical therapists developed a 12-week supervised neuromuscular and strengthening exercise therapy program based on clinical expertise and available evidence. Six patients (age range 22–39 years) considered eligible for meniscal surgery by an orthopedic surgeon underwent the program. Patients completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and evaluated the program during a semi-structured qualitative interview. Feedback from patients was included to finalize the exercise therapy program.ResultsMedian improvements (Range) in KOOS subscales were 15 (0–33) for Pain, 11 (−11 to 50) for Symptoms, 16 (3–37) for Function in daily living, 23 (10–45) for Function in sport and recreation, and 9 (−6 to 31) for Quality of life. The patients found the program relevant and effective with only a few short-lasting adverse events and important clinical improvements after four to ten weeks. Physical therapist supervision was considered important. No patients wanted surgery up to 6 month after the exercise therapy program.ConclusionA neuromuscular and strengthening exercise therapy program was feasible and showed important improvement in a small group of young adults with meniscal tears.



http://ift.tt/2vd4ICx

A photoclickable peptide microarray platform for facile and rapid screening of 3-D tissue microenvironments

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 143
Author(s): Sadhana Sharma, Michael Floren, Yonghui Ding, Kurt R. Stenmark, Wei Tan, Stephanie J. Bryant
Microarrays are powerful experimental tools for high-throughput screening of cellular behavior in multivariate microenvironments. Here, we present a new, facile and rapid screening method for probing cellular behavior in 3D tissue microenvironments. This method utilizes a photoclickable peptide microarray platform developed using electrospun fibrous poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels and microarray contact printing. We investigated the utility of this platform with five different peptide motifs and ten cell types including stem, terminally differentiated, cancer or immune cells that were from either primary origin or cell lines and from different species. We validated the capabilities of this platform to screen arrays consisting of multiple peptide motifs and concentrations for selectivity to cellular adhesion and morphology. Moreover, this platform is amenable to controlled spatial presentation of peptides. We show that by leveraging the differential attachment affinities for two cell types to two different peptides, this platform can also be used to investigate cell-cell interactions through miniature co-culture peptide arrays. Our fibrous peptide microarray platform enables high-throughput screening of 3D tissue microenvironments in a facile and rapid manner to investigate cell-matrix interactions and cell-cell signaling and to identify optimal tissue microenvironments for cell-based therapies.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2uCSUYY

Red blood cell membrane-camouflaged melanin nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal therapy

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 143
Author(s): Qin Jiang, Zimiao Luo, Yongzhi Men, Peng Yang, Haibao Peng, Ranran Guo, Ye Tian, Zhiqing Pang, Wuli Yang
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has represented a promising noninvasive approach for cancer treatment in recent years. However, there still remain challenges in developing non-toxic and biodegradable biomaterials with high photothermal efficiency in vivo. Herein, we explored natural melanin nanoparticles extracted from living cuttlefish as effective photothermal agents and developed red blood cell (RBC) membrane-camouflaged melanin (Melanin@RBC) nanoparticles as a platform for in vivo antitumor PTT. The as-obtained natural melanin nanoparticles demonstrated strong absorption at NIR region, higher photothermal conversion efficiency (∼40%) than synthesized melanin-like polydopamine nanoparticles (∼29%), as well as favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability. It was shown that RBC membrane coating on melanin nanoparticles retained their excellent photothermal property, enhanced their blood retention and effectively improved their accumulation at tumor sites. With the guidance of their inherited photoacoustic imaging capability, optimal accumulation of Melanin@RBC at tumors was achieved around 4 h post intravenous injection. Upon irradiation by an 808-nm laser, the developed Melanin@RBC nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher PTT efficacy than that of bare melanin nanoparticles in A549 tumor-bearing mice. Given that both melanin nanoparticles and RBC membrane are native biomaterials, the developed Melanin@RBC platform could have great potential in clinics for anticancer PTT.



http://ift.tt/2uCZVZu

Chemomechanically engineered 3D organotypic platforms of bladder cancer dormancy and reactivation

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 142
Author(s): Taraka Sai Pavan Grandhi, Thrimoorthy Potta, Rajeshwar Nitiyanandan, Indrani Deshpande, Kaushal Rege
Tumors undergo periods of dormancy followed by reactivation leading to metastatic disease. Arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs are key hallmarks of dormant tumor cells. Here, we describe a 3D platform of bladder cancer cell dormancy and reactivation facilitated by a novel aminoglycoside-derived hydrogel, Amikagel. These 3D dormant tumor microenvironments (3D-DTMs) were arrested in the G0/G1 phase and were highly resistant to anti-proliferative drugs. Inhibition of targets in the cellular protein production machinery led to induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and complete ablation of 3D-DTMs. Nanoparticle-mediated calcium delivery significantly accelerated ER stress-mediated 3D-DTM death. Transfer of 3D-DTMs onto weaker and adhesive Amikagels resulted in selective reactivation of a sub-population of N-cadherin deficient cells from dormancy. Whole-transcriptome analyses further indicated key biochemical differences between dormant and proliferative cancer cells. Taken together, our results indicate that 3D bladder cancer microenvironments of dormancy and reactivation can facilitate fundamental advances and novel drug discovery in cancer.



http://ift.tt/2uHoXoU

Photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene film using TiO2-based nanomaterials under solar irradiation

Publication date: 5 November 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 133
Author(s): Rajni Verma, Sachchidanand Singh, M.K. Dalai, M. Saravanan, Ved V. Agrawal, Avanish Kumar Srivastava
The aim of this research is the reduction of environmental pollution by degrading polypropylene (PP) film in an eco-friendly way via TiO2-based nanomaterials (NMs) under solar irradiation. PP was mingled with TiO2-based NMs; TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and its nanocomposite, (TiO2-reduced Graphene Oxide: TiO2-rGO) individually by a facile solution casting technique to comparatively study its photodegradation before and after 130h of solar irradiation in triplicate manner. The photocatalytic degradation of PP, by TiO2-based NMs, is affirmed by various advanced characterization tools such as XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM and ToF-SIMS. XRD depicts the phase transformation. FT-IR confirms the appearance of carbonyl group with higher carbonyl index leading to efficient photodegradation of PP by TiO2-rGO nanocomposite as compared to TiO2 NPs. Microstructural investigation by FE-SEM reveals the augmented degradation of PP matrix on the surface of TiO2-rGO nanocomposite through the formation of cavity (diameter: ~500nm) at the interface. The prominent peaks in ToF-SIMS affirm generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) followed by photodegradation. The mechanism of enhancement of photocatalytic degradation by TiO2-rGO nanocomposite has also been presented in detail. The obtained degraded fragments of PP, thus, are biodegradable and facilitate to reduce the environmental pollution by this eco-friendly route.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2u3quUj

Preparation and characterization of thermally crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/feather keratin nanofiber scaffolds

Publication date: 5 November 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 133
Author(s): Yussef Esparza, Aman Ullah, Yaman Boluk, Jianping Wu
Electrospun keratin nanofiber fabricated with non-toxic solvents and crosslinking reagents are promising scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Keratin from chicken feathers was solubilized in aqueous alkaline conditions and electrospun using aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/citric acid solution as electrospinning polymer aid. Keratin/PVA nanofibers were successfully prepared containing 10, 20 and 30% keratin to PVA mass ratio. The increase in keratin concentration from 0 to 20% resulted in decreased viscosity of keratin/PVA solutions leading to a reduction in the fiber diameter from 565nm in to 274nm. Further decrease in viscosity with 30% keratin resulted in beads-on-fiber type of morphology. Nanofibers were thermally cross-linked through esterification reaction between carbonyl groups in citric acid and hydroxyl groups in PVA. Cross-linked nanofibers maintained their morphology and pore structure after soaking in water. The incorporation of keratin in PVA nanofiber was confirmed by FTIR and XPS results. Proliferation of fibroblasts after 14days was higher in scaffolds containing 20% keratin which was attributed to the superior biological properties of keratin and higher surface area to volume ratio compared to 30% keratin/PVA scaffolds. Safer extraction, electrospinning and crosslinking conditions of keratin/PVA nanofiber are important for potential uses in tissue engineering.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2u3bmX0

The Anterior Intercostal Artery Perforator (AICAP) Flap: Clinical Applications in Partial Breast Reconstruction.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2uZKgoo

Abdominoplasty with Lymphatic Microsurgery for Patients with Secondary Lower Extremity Lymphedema.

Background: Patients with secondary lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) often develop suprapubic lymphedema. We developed a novel surgical method of shaping the lower abdomen and debulking suprapubic lymphedema with simultaneous reconstruction of lymphatic flow in case of LEL. Methods: A skin incision in a fleur-de-lis pattern was performed for horizontal and vertical abdominal skin and fat resection. A caudal-based isosceles triangular flap was created on the central suprapubic region to reduce wound tension at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical incisions. After resection and debulking of the suprapubic region, a lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) between the efferent lymphatic vessel of the groin node and the superficial inferior epigastric vein was created or vascularized lymph node transfer (LNT) to the groin region was performed to restore lymphatic flow. LVA and LNT were also performed at the lower extremities to improve LEL. Perioperative change in limb volume was evaluated using the LEL index, and lymphatic function was evaluated by lymphoscintigraphy. Results: Simultaneous abdominoplasty and reconstructive lymphatic microsurgery were performed in 11 patients. The LEL index improved perioperatively, with a significant difference (p

http://ift.tt/2uEL8vR

"Sural nerve splitting in reverse sural artery perforator flap: Anatomical study in 40 cadaver legs".

Background: The reverse sural artery perforator flap (RSAPF) has been widely used in reconstructions of the lower extremity. However, along with the high rate of flap necrosis, sural nerve (SN) injury is one of the most frequent complications. This cadaveric study investigated a simple SN preservation technique during RSAPF. Methods: Anatomic dissection of the sural nerve was performed on 40 lower legs, from 20 cadavers, to investigate the pattern of SN distribution. The points where the lateral sural cutaneous (LSCN) and medial sural cutaneous (MSCN) nerves penetrate the deep fascia were measured. The converging point of these nerves into the SN was also recorded. Further, the SN was split until no tethering was observed, during flap transposition, to simulate SN-sparing RSAPF. Results: Twenty-nine legs (72.5%) showed the LSCN and MSCN converging to become the SN (combined pattern); 7 (17.5%) and 4 legs (10.0%) demonstrated the diminished and parallel types, respectively. The distances between the lateral malleolus and the fascia-penetrating point of the LSCN and MSCN were 29.9 +/- 3.3 cm and 18.8 +/- 5.6 cm, respectively. In the combined type, the point of the LSCN and MSCN convergence was 13.6 +/- 4.2 cm from the lateral malleolus. Nerve splitting was successfully performed in all combined cases, without injuring the nerve fascicles. Conclusions: The MSCN enters the deep fascia significantly more distally than does the LSCN. Further, using nerve splitting, the MSCN can be kept intact during RSAPF in cases demonstrating the combined type of SN. (C)2017American Society of Plastic Surgeons

http://ift.tt/2v01Nwv

Late Surgical-Site Infection in Immediate Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2uF1chg

"Does the Organization of Plastic Surgery Units into Independent Departments Affect Academic Productivity?".

Background: There is an increased push for plastic surgery units in the United States to become independent departments administered autonomously rather than as divisions of a multispecialty surgery department. The purpose of this research was to determine if there are any quantifiable differences in the academic performance of departments versus divisions. Methods: Using a list of the plastic surgery units affiliated with The American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons (ACAPS), unit websites were queried for departmental status and to obtain a list of affiliated faculty. Academic productivity was then quantified using the SCOPUS database. National Institute of Health (NIH) funding was determined through the Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools database. Results: Plastic surgery departments were comparable to divisions in academic productivity, evidenced by a similar number of publications per faculty (38.9 versus 38.7; p=0.94), number of citations per faculty (692 versus 761; p=0.64), H-indices (9.9 versus 9.9; p=0.99), and NIH grants (3.25 versus 2.84; p=0.80), including RO1 grants (1.33 versus 0.84; p=0.53). There was a trend for departments to have a more equitable male to female ratio (2.8 versus 4.1; p=0.06), and departments trained a greater number of integrated plastic surgery residents (9.0 versus 5.28; p=0.03). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the academic performance of independent plastic surgery departments is generally similar to divisions, but with nuanced distinctions. (C)2017American Society of Plastic Surgeons

http://ift.tt/2uZGKtT

Upper lip reconstruction.

Reconstruction of an aesthetically acceptable and functional upper lip requires a careful consideration of the transverse and vertical soft tissue, muscle and skin, deficiency. This review focuses on the reconstructive aspects of the upper lip. The functional anatomy of the upper lip is considerably complex and includes paired muscles in addition to the orbicularis, elevators of both the upper lip and commissure. The muscular action of facial expression recruits different sets of these paired muscles. Unlike the aesthetic uniform appearance of the lower lip commissure to commissure, the upper lip aesthetics can be divided into a central, the philtrum unit, and a lateral upper lip unit. The lateral unit can be further subdivided into medial and lateral elements, the medial more fixed and less mobile due to attachments superiorly at the alar sill and base. Reconstruction of the philtrum is best accomplished with an Abbe flap. Methods to reconstruct the lateral unit hinge on location, medial vs. lateral, and defect size. A conceptual approach to successful reconstruction of upper lip defects entails the use of a classification based on the aesthetic unit, appropriate selection of the reconstructive option for a particular defect driven by location and size, and careful consideration given to a final result in harmony both transversely and vertically with the lower lip and the remainder of the midface. (C)2017American Society of Plastic Surgeons

http://ift.tt/2uERR8Y

The Anterior Intercostal Artery flap: Anatomical and radiological study.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2v06Kpk

Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΛΟΓΟΣ

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΛΟΓΟΣ ]

Επιλογή και χαρακτηρισμός θερμοανθεκτικών υδρολυτικών ενζύμων από μεταγονιδιωματικές βιβλιοθήκες οργανισμών από ακραία περιβάλλοντα

Δ Ζαραφέτα - 2017

... Το κόστος ψύξης και απομάκρυνσης των αποδιατακτικών παραγόντων πριν την προσθήκη των
ενζύμων προς αποφυγή της αποδιάταξής τους, είναι τις περισσότερες φορές απαγορευτικό και
αυτός είναι ο λόγος που περιορίζει την αντικατάσταση των κλασσικών χημικώ ... ...

Η κατανόηση των εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης για τα προβλήματα προφορικού και γραπτού λόγου μαθητών με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες

Α Πισσαδάκη - 2017

... Keywords: Ερωτηματολόγιο επικοινωνιακής ικανότητας παιδιών,Προφορικός- γραπτός
λόγος,ΔΑΦ,ΕΓΔ,Μ.Δ.,Ν.Α.,Προβλήματα λόγου & ομιλίας,Δυσλεξία,Ειδικοί παιδαγωγοί,Pragmatics,
CCC,ASD,SLI,LD,ID,SLP,Dyslexia,Language,Reading,Communication,Greek special ...

[PDF] LOGOTYPE AND NARRATIVE

R Stefanova - TICS, 2017

... of a logotype. 2. Defining of the notion logotype and its characteristics The term
logotype has Greek roots (Λόγος 'word'+ τύπος 'imprint') and refers to the printed
symbol or mark/brand symbol of a company. As a brand symbol ...

[PDF] но-психологічна безпека. В статье концепт онтологической без-опасности раскрывается в контексте современных украинско-российских дис-курсивных …

ОМ Васильченко - Науковий журнал

... όντος– суще, те, що існує, λόγος–учення, наука) без- пеки в рамках іноземного наукового
дискурсу можна знайти в працях Ф. Беренскотера, Б. Гіге- ріка, Е. Гідденса, Ш. Кея, Д.
Кемпбелл, К. Кінн- валл, С. Крофта, Дж. Мітзен, Дж. Мус- тафа, Б. Стіл, Ф. Хансен та ін. ...

Pragmatics and critical discourse studies

A Polyzou - The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies, 2017

Page 214. 13 Pragmatics and critical discourse studies Alexandra Polyzou Introduction
From Morris's first definition of Pragmatics as the study of the relation between signs
and their users (1938: 6–7), this is one aspect all approaches ...

[PDF] Topographies of Becoming: On Luis Hernández'Poetry

L HERNÁNDEZ

... La metafísica debe pensar más allá hasta llegar a Dios, porque el asunto del pensar es el ser,
pero éste se manifiesta de múltiples maneras en tanto que fundamento: como λόγος, como
ύποκείμενον, como substancia y como sujeto" (Heidegger, 1988: 131). ...

[PDF] Buffoni e 'bomolochoi'di Stefano Caciagli, Michele Corradi, Mario Regali

MC di Stefano Caciagli - Lessico del comico

... disamina sulla μίμησις, dopo aver messo in luce le conseguenze dannose della συμπάθεια
del pubblico con i personaggi di Omero e dei tragici, Socrate si sofferma sul comico, περὶ τοῦ
γελοίου, per il quale si può sviluppare un argomento dello stesso tipo, ὁ αὐτὸς λόγος. ...

[PDF] A Logical Symbol for Cybernetics for a smarter world

RM Issac

... This symbol of cybernetics also explains the Logos from which the word logic derived. Logos
(UK /ˈloʊ ɡ ɒ s, ˈlɒ ɡ ɒ s/, US /ˈloʊ ɡ oʊ s/; Greek: λόγος, from λέγω lego "I say") is an
important term in western philosophy, psychology, rhetoric, and religion. ...

---

Αυτή η Ειδοποίηση του Μελετητή Google σας προσφέρεται από τη Google

Ακύρωση ειδοποίησης
Δημιουργία λίστας των ειδοποιήσεών μου

Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ intitle:Bi

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ intitle:Bioprinting ]

[HTML] High-resolution 3D Bioprinting System for Fabricating Cell-laden Hydrogel Scaffolds with High Cellular Activities

B Zhang, L Gao, L Gu, H Yang, Y Luo, L Ma - Procedia CIRP, 2017

Abstract Hydrogel scaffolds play vital roles in tissue engineering via providing appropriate
microenvironments for cell adhesion, proliferation, and functioning. In this paper, a high-
resolution 3D bioprinting system was developed for precise deposition of biomaterials mixed

Application of Extrusion-Based Hydrogel Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

F You, BF Eames, X Chen - International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017

Abstract Extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) is a rapidly developing technique that has made
substantial progress in the fabrication of constructs for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE)
over the past decade. With this technique, cell-laden hydrogels or bio-inks have been

---

Αυτή η Ειδοποίηση του Μελετητή Google σας προσφέρεται από τη Google

Ακύρωση ειδοποίησης
Δημιουργία λίστας των ειδοποιήσεών μου

Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ CPAP ]

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ CPAP ]

High-Flow, Heated, Humidified Air Via Nasal Cannula Treats CPAP-Intolerant Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

S Hawkins, S Huston, K Campbell, A Halbower - … of the American Academy of Sleep …, 2017

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective but
challenging for children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). High-flow air via open nasal
cannula (HFNC) as treatment in children remains controversial. We report the efficacy of

Comparative efficacy of different modules on pulmonary functions after lung resection

S Ghandi, KGV Ramana - International Surgery Journal, 2017

... The aim of this study was to compare the effect of conventional chest physiotherapy, continuous
positive airway pressure (CPAP) and incentive spirometry (IS) after lung resection on
pulmonary function tests and postoperative pulmonary complications. ...

The urge to move and breathe─ the impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treatment in patients with previously diagnosed, clinically significant restless legs …

C Silva, R Peralta, C Bentes - Sleep Medicine, 2017

... There is one study reporting improvement of RLS symptoms severity in patients naive of
treatment after initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for OSAS. ... CPAP,
continuous positive airway pressure; GBP, gabapentin; PGB, pregabalin. ...

[HTML] Effects of Nebulized Albuterol in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn A Clinical Trial

M Mussavi, K Asadollahi, M Kayvan, S Sadeghvand - Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 2017

... No adverse effects were observed in either group. The duration of continuous positive airway
pressure (CPAP) application was significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to
the placebo group (1.6 ± 0.77 vs. 3.3 ± 0.98 respectively) (P = 0.0001). ...

[PDF] Mortality and Short-Term Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants at a Tertiary Care Center in Jordan: Comparison with Other Countries

M Al-lawama, T Abdelghani, E Badran - Pediatr Ther, 2017

... Chronic lung disease (CLD) was defined as requirements for supplemental oxygen or dependency
on CPAP at 36 weeks post-menstrual age. ... 35.2 26.6 11.2 28 Respiratory distress management
and complications No CPAP*, no ventilator 2.8 19.7 NA** 9 CPAP, no ventilator ...

Ventilator Management: A Practical Approach to Respiratory Failure in Combat Casualties

AA Shah, PB Kettle, AS Niven - Front Line Surgery, 2017

... Compact transport ventilator. Internal or external power; typical battery life 2–4 h., recharging time
12–14 h. Modes: AC, SIMV, CPAP modes. ... Internal or external power, battery life 2–4 h. Modes:
AC (volume or pressure control), SIMV, adaptive bi-level, CPAP, PSV. ...

Efficacy of the Addition of a Cervical Collar in the Treatment of Persistent Obstructive Apneas Despite Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.

A Prigent, L Grassion, S Guesdon, J Gonzalez-Bermejo - Journal of clinical sleep …, 2017

... Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. Prigent A, Grassion L, Guesdon S,
Gonzalez-Bermejo J. ABSTRACT: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
is currently the reference treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). ...

Stable breathing in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased effort but not lowered metabolic rate

CM de Melo, L Taranto-Montemurro, JP Butler… - Sleep, 2017

... analysis revealed that airflow obstruction curtailed metabolism in both stable and unstable periods,
since CPAP increased VO2 by 14% in both cases (P=0.02, 0.03 respectively). ... increases when
airflow obstruction is ameliorated with CPAP, revealing the existence of a latent ...

Survey of Knowledge and Attitudes about Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Among Italian Anaesthetists.

RM Corso, M Sorbello, M Buccioli, E Carretta, O Nanni… - Turkish Journal of …, 2017

... of identifying OSA patients before anaesthesia and three items to evaluate the anaesthetists'
self-confidence in the management of OSA patients during the perioperative period (with reference
to treatment options, including post- operative CPAP - Continuous Positive Airway ...

Association of opioid prescription and perioperative complications in obstructive sleep apnea patients undergoing total joint arthroplasties

EE Mörwald, A Olson, C Cozowicz, J Poeran… - Sleep and Breathing, 2017

... Cost 75th percentile 4453 15.84 8050 15.23 5259 19.74 <0.001 All numbers are N (%)
unless otherwise stated Sleep Breath Page 6. when OSA patients are already on continuous
positive airway pressure-therapy (CPAP) preoperatively [19, 20]. ...

---

Αυτή η Ειδοποίηση του Μελετητή Google σας προσφέρεται από τη Google

Ακύρωση ειδοποίησης
Δημιουργία λίστας των ειδοποιήσεών μου