Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Author(s): Lihua Liu, Chan Oh, Jae Hyung Heo, Hee Sung Park, Kyungmin Lee, Jae Won Chang, Seung-Nam Jung, Bon Seok Koo
BackgroundExtrathyroidal extension (ETE) is a risk factor for poor papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) outcomes. However, the clinical significance of ETE according to primary tumor size has not been well-established. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in clinical outcomes, according to the presence and extent of ETE, between different primary tumor size groups.MethodsIn total, 381 patients with PTC underwent total thyroidectomy with or without lymph node (LN) dissection from 2004 to 2010. We divided the patients into two groups according to primary tumor size: ≤ 1 cm or > 1 cm. Each group was further divided into subgroups according to the presence of ETE (ETE vs. no ETE) and degree of ETE (microscopic ETE vs. macroscopic ETE). The clinicopathological features and rate of recurrence during follow-up were compared among groups.ResultsAmong the PTC patients with primary tumors >1 cm, patients with ETE had a higher recurrence rate than those without ETE, and only macroscopic ETE affected recurrence in patients with PTC > 1cm (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between those without ETE and those with microscopic ETE (P=0.100). When the primary tumor size was less than 1 cm, there were no difference in recurrence rates between the groups with or without ETE, or between the groups with microscopic and macroscopic ETE (P >0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggests that the presence and degree of ETE may be associated with PTC outcome based on primary tumor size.
https://ift.tt/2JHgGYT
Τρίτη 12 Ιουνίου 2018
Clinical significance of extrathyroidal extension according to primary tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Silencing of the FTO gene inhibits insulin secretion: An in vitro study using GRINCH cells
Publication date: 5 September 2018
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 472
Author(s): Jalal Taneera, Rashmi B. Prasad, Sarah Dhaiban, Abdul Khader Mohammed, Leena Haataja, Peter Arvan, Mawieh Hamad, Leif Groop, Claes B. Wollheim
Expression of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and ADP-ribosylation factor-like 15 (ARL15) in human islets is inversely correlated with HbA1c. However, their impact on insulin secretion is still ambiguous. Here in, we investigated the role of FTO and ARL15 using GRINCH (Glucose-Responsive Insulin-secreting C-peptide-modified Human proinsulin) clonal rat β-cells. GRINCH cells have inserted GFP into the human C-peptide insulin gene. Hence, secreted CpepGFP served to monitor insulin secretion. mRNA silencing of FTO in GRINCH cells showed a significant reduction in glucose but not depolarization-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas ARL15 silencing had no effect. A significant down-regulation of insulin mRNA was observed in FTO knockdown cells. Type-2 Diabetic islets revealed a reduced expression of FTO mRNA. In conclusion, our data suggest that fluorescent CpepGFP released from GRINCH cells may serve as a convenient marker for insulin secretion. Silencing of FTO expression, but not ARL15, inhibits insulin secretion by affecting metabolic signaling.
https://ift.tt/2HKNhv0
Fast Compensatory Functional Network Changes Caused by Reversible Inactivation of Monkey Parietal Cortex
https://ift.tt/2sRP1Oq
Antiangiogenic therapy: markers of response, “normalization” and resistance
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Karima El Alaoui-Lasmaili, Béatrice Faivre
Currently in cancer treatment, one premise is to use antiangiogenic therapies in association with chemotherapy or radiotherapy to augment their efficacy by benefiting from the vascular "normalization" induced by antiangiogenic therapy. This concept defines the time during which the tumor blood vessels adopt normal-like morphology and functionality, i.e. the blood vessels become more mature, the perfusion augments and hypoxia decreases. To date, there is such a diversity of treatment protocols where the type of antiangiogenic to adopt, its dose and duration of administration are different, that knowing when and how to treat is problematic. In this review, we analyzed thoroughly preclinical and clinical studies that use antiangiogenic treatments to benefit from the "normalization" and showed that the effects depend on the type of antiangiogenic administrated (anti-VEGF, anti-VEGFR, Multi-Kinase Inhibitor) and on the duration of treatment. Finally, biomarkers of "normalization" and resistance that could be used in the clinic are presented.
https://ift.tt/2JvGOtr
Scholar : These new articles for Advances in Mental Health are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques are available online
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Nonlinear effects of caffeine on the viability, synthesis and gene expression of chondrocytes from the offspring of rats treated during pregnancy
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Amanda Maria Sena Reis, Karina Pessoa Oliveira, Isabela Helena Fagundes de Paula, Alisson Paulo da Silva, Júlia Fahrion Tarragô, Natália de Melo Ocarino, Rogéria Serakides
ObjectiveEvaluate the effects of doses of caffeine administered to pregnant rats on the articular cartilage chondrocytes of their offspring.MethodsTwenty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups, with one control group and three groups being treated with caffeine at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg throughout pregnancy. At birth, three offspring/females were euthanized so that the chondrocytes could be extracted. At 7, 14 and 21 days of culture, the chondrocytes were subjected to the MTT cell viability assay and an evaluation of their alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis. Chondrocytes were also stained by Hematoxylin-eosin, PAS, Safranin-O and Alcian Blue. The Sox-9, Runx-2, aggrecan, collagen-II and alkaline phosphatase gene transcript levels were also evaluated. Mean comparisons were performed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test.ResultsChondrocyte cultures from the 25 mg/kg group had the lowest results, as chondrocytes from this group had reduced viability, percentage of cells, alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen and chondrogenic matrix synthesis. A reduced expression of Sox-9, alkaline phosphatase and collagen-II was also detected in the 25 mg/kg group. Chondrocyte cultures of the group treated with 50 mg/kg caffeine showed reduced collagen synthesis and Sox-9 expression. The caffeine dose of 100 mg/kg also reduced collagen and Sox-9 and alkaline phosphatase expression.ConclusionCaffeine administered to pregnant rats negatively alters the articular cartilage chondrocytes of their offspring, reducing the synthesis of collagen and Sox-9 expression regardless of the dose. This study also concluded that the effects of caffeine are not linear or dose-dependent.
https://ift.tt/2JKcKKb
Scholar : These new articles for Archives and Manuscripts are available online
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Incidence and clinical parameters associated with eribulin mesylate-induced peripheral neuropathy
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Bin Zhao, Hong Zhao, Jiaxin Zhao
Eribulin mesylate is a microtubule-targeting agent that has been approved for the treatment of breast cancer and liposarcoma. Due to its novel mechanism of action, eribulin therapy induces a distinct profile of adverse events, including peripheral neuropathy. However, the incidence and risk of eribulin-related neurotoxicities are unclear. Here, we conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Embase from their inception to October 2017. Eligible studies included trials in which eribulin was intravenously administered at a standard dose of 1.4 mg/m2 over 2-5 minutes on days 1 and 8 on a 21-day cycle. The events of all-grade and high-grade peripheral neuropathy were collected to calculate the overall incidence and relative risk (RR). A total of thirty-two studies containing 6,129 subjects were included in this analysis. The incidences of all-grade and high-grade eribulin monotherapy-related peripheral neuropathy were 28% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24%-32%) and 4% (95% CI, 3%-5%), respectively. Subgroup analysis further revealed that a higher incidence of neurotoxicities was observed in patients with breast cancer and those with longer treatment duration. Moreover, eribulin-treated subjects had a significantly increased risk of all-grade (RR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.70-2.35; p = 0.008) and high-grade (RR, 3.68; 95% CI, 2.30-5.89; p<0.001) neurotoxicities. Our results suggested that patients treated with eribulin had an increased risk of developing peripheral neuropathy.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2MlAliw
Radiation therapy in renal cell carcinoma
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Francesca De Felice, Vincenzo Tombolini
https://ift.tt/2JFAOKM
Endonuclease-independent DNA Mismatch Repair Processes on the Lagging Strand
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Eric A. Josephs, Piotr E. Marszalek
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathways coordinate the excision and re-synthesis of newly-replicated DNA if a mismatched base-pair has been identified by protein MutS or MutS homologues (MSHs) after replication. DNA excision during MMR is initiated at single-strand breaks (SSBs) in vitro, and several redundant processes have been observed in reconstituted systems which either require a pre-formed SSB in the DNA and/or require a mismatch-activated nicking endonuclease to introduce a new SSB in order to initiate MMR. However, the conditions under which each of these processes may actually occur in living cells have remained obscured by the limitations of current MMR assays. Here we use a novel assay involving chemically-modified oligonucleotide probes to insert targeted DNA 'mismatches' directly into the genome of living bacteria to interrogate their replication-coupled repair processes quantitatively in a strand-, orientation-, and mismatched nucleotide-specific manner. This 'semi-protected oligonucleotide recombination' (SPORE) assay reveals direct evidence in Escherichia coli of an efficient endonuclease-independent MMR process on the lagging strand—a mechanism that has long-since been considered for lagging-strand repair but never directly shown until now. We find endonuclease-independent MMR is coordinated asymmetrically with respect to the replicating DNA—directed primarily from 3′- of the mismatch—and that repair coordinated from 3′- of the mismatch is in fact the primary mechanism of lagging-strand MMR. While further work is required to explore and identify the molecular requirements for this alternative endonuclease-independent MMR pathway, these findings made possible using the SPORE assay are the first direct report of this long-suspected mechanism in vivo.
https://ift.tt/2t3PKeO
Regulation of DNA repair in the absence of classical non-homologous end joining
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Youn-Jung Kang, Catherine T. Yan
Classical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ) is the main pathway for the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. In the absence of c-NHEJ, an alternative end-joining (A-EJ) mechanism resolves DSBs. To date, no A-EJ specific factor has been identified. Instead, this mechanism appears to co-opt proteins involved in more than one DNA repair pathway. These include components of base-excision repair (PARP1/XRCC1/LIG3), interstrand cross-link repair (BRCA1/FANCD2), and DSB response/DNA end-resection (MRE11A/RAD50/RBBP8). To clarify the contribution of these factors to A-EJ, here we examined their expression and recruitment to DSBs in correlation with surrogates of cNHEJ (53BP1) and homologous recombination (RAD51) in cells deficient for the cNHEJ end-ligation component XRCC4. This revealed XRCC4-deficient cells exhibited marked increases in the stability of A-EJ transcripts that result in correspondingly elevated levels of associated proteins, in comparison to WT cells. RAD51 was also increased while 53BP1 was unaffected. Treatment with radiomimetic DSB-inducing drug doxorubicin did not influence these activities. However, FANCD2, BRCA1 and XRCC1 foci, prominently associated with 53BP1 foci and hence DSBs resolved by cNHEJ, were only detected in doxorubicin-treated XRCC4-deficient cells. Strikingly, treatment of XRCC4-deficient cells with the PARP-specific inhibitor Niraparib enhanced A-EJ, and substantially induced 53BP1 transcripts and the numbers of A-EJ-associated 53BP1 DNA damage foci. RAD51 was severely inhibited, and upstream cNHEJ (KU70/KU80/DNA-PKCs/ARTEMIS) transcripts were substantially induced. These latter results were recapitulated in BRCA1-deficient cells, which contrastingly did not affect 53BP1 or PARP1 status irrespective of doxorubicin or Niraparib treatment. Hence A-EJ is regulated transcriptionally, reduced by a higher turnover rate in cNHEJ-proficient cells and sustained but fine-tuned by PARP1 in XRCC4-deficient cells to promote DNA repair and survival. Upstream cNHEJ components are similarly transcriptionally down-modulated by PARP1 and BRCA1 in a manner inversely correlated with HR and mechanistically distinct from A-EJ respectively in cNHEJ-deficient and cNHEJ-proficient settings.
https://ift.tt/2l2Iyfc
Patterns of disease control and survival in patients with melanoma brain metastases undergoing immune-checkpoint blockade
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 99
Author(s): Laura Milsch, Anja Gesierich, Sophia Kreft, Elisabeth Livingstone, Lisa Zimmer, Matthias Goebeler, Dirk Schadendorf, Bastian Schilling
ObjectivesImmune-checkpoint blockers (ICBs) significantly prolong overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced melanoma. Limited data are available on the efficacy and clinical benefit in patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBMs). The aim of this study was to determine whether ICB is active in an unselected cohort treated of patients with known brain metastases and if disease control correlates with the survival.MethodsA total of 385 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma treated with ICB as monotherapy between 2005 and 2017 in two tertiary referral centres were included. Patient records were searched for the development of brain metastases. Demographic and clinical data of all patients were collected retrospectively.ResultsWe identified 177 patients with MBM who received ICBs (ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab). Patients with and without brain metastases received similar ICB regimens. Prognosis was inferior in patients with brain metastases; patients with >1 brain metastasis showed even poorer survival. For extracranial (ec) metastases, disease control was associated with improved survival. However, when comparing patients with intracranial (ic) disease control during immunotherapy to patients with ic disease progression, no difference in OS could be observed.ConclusionsIn our study, ec disease control was the dominant predictive factor for OS in both patients with or without melanoma brain metastases. These data indicate that clinical trials in melanoma patients with brain metastases should address end-points such as symptom control, quality of life or OS in addition to ic response rates.
https://ift.tt/2JBdKAM
Scholar : These new articles for Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction are available online
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Data on the evaluation of structural index from aeromagnetic enhanced datasets with the application of Euldph-λ semi-automatic algorithm
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 19
Author(s): John Stephen Kayode, Yusri Yusup
A secondary dataset was generated from the Euldph-λ semi-automatic Algorithm, (ESA) developed to automatically computes various depths to the magnetic anomalies using a primary data set from gridded aeromagnetic data obtained in the study area. Euler Deconvolution techniques, (EDT), was adopted in the identification and definition of the magnetic anomaly source rocks in the study area. The aim is to use the straightforward technique to pinpoint magnetic anomalies at a depth which substantiate mineralization potential of the area. The ESA was integrated with the imaging function of Oasis Montaj 2014 source parameter from Geosoft® Inc. From the data, it could be summarized that similar tectonic processes during the deformation and metamorphic activities, the subsurface structures of the study area produce corresponding trending form.
https://ift.tt/2l4iU9R
Fusarium graminearum 1H NMR metabolomics
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 19
Author(s): A. Sevastos, I.F. Kalampokis, A. Panagiotopoulou, M. Pelecanou, K.A. Aliferis
Raw 1H NMR spectra of Fusarium graminearum hyphae can be found at the website of the pesticide metabolomics group (PMG) of the Agricultural University of Athens at the address: https://ift.tt/2l6wNVf, accession number PMG-01–17. The data set support the research article "Implication of Fusarium graminearum Primary Metabolism in its Resistance to Benzimidazole Fungicides as revealed by 1H NMR Metabolomics" [1].
https://ift.tt/2t3zUAV
Data on lithofacies, sedimentology and palaeontology of South Rifian Corridor sections (Morocco)
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 19
Author(s): W. Capella, N. Barhoun, R. Flecker, F.J. Hilgen, T. Kouwenhoven, L.C. Matenco, F.J. Sierro, M.A. Tulbure, M.Z. Yousfi, W. Krijgsman
We provide lithological, sedimentological and micropalaeontological descriptions of 39 sections and boreholes crossing the upper Miocene deposits of the Rifian Corridor. These deposits represent the sedimentary remnants of the marine gateway that connected the Atlantic to the Mediterranean in the late Miocene. Results from these 39 sites were adopted to reconstruct the palaeogeographic evolution of the gateway presented in the associated research article (Capella et al., 2018) [1]. For each outcrop we present a synthesis of field observations, lithofacies, key sedimentological features, planktic and benthic assemblages.
https://ift.tt/2t9Puen
Lithostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data from late Cenozoic glacial and proglacial sequences underlying the Altiplano at La Paz, Bolivia
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 19
Author(s): Nicholas J. Roberts, René W. Barendregt, John J. Clague
We provide lithostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data derived from a Plio-Pleistocene continental sediment sequence underlying the Altiplano plateau at La Paz, Bolivia. The record comprises six sections along the upper Río La Paz valley, totaling over one kilometre of exposure and forming a ~20-km transect oblique to the adjacent Cordillera Real. Lithostratigraphic characterization includes lithologic and stratigraphic descriptions of units and their contacts. We targeted gravel and diamicton units for paleomagnetic sampling to address gaps in the only previous magnetostratigraphic study from this area. Paleomagnetic data – magnetic susceptibility and primary remanent magnetization revealed by progressive alternating field demagnetization – are derived from 808 individually oriented samples of flat-lying, fine-grained sediments. The datasets enable characterization of paleo-surfaces within the sequence, correlation between stratigraphic sections, and differentiation of asynchronous, but lithologically similar units. Correlation of the composite polarity sequence to the geomagnetic polarity time scale supports a range of late Cenozoic paleoenvironmental topics of regional to global importance: the number and ages of early glaciations in the tropical Andes; interhemispheric comparison of paleoclimate during the Plio-Pleistocene climatic transition; timing of and controls on inter-American faunal exchange; and the variability of Earth's paleomagnetic field.
https://ift.tt/2l7dafq
Students’ participation in Hult Prize and their decision for entrepreneurship: Data gathered from Hult Prize 2018 regional finals in Nigeria
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 19
Author(s): Stephen Oluwatobi, Damilare Oshokoya, Aderemi Atayero, Olumuyiwa Oludayo, Colette Nsofor, Adeola Oyebode
This data article is an expression of data that reflects how students' participation in the Hult Prize 2018 regional finals affects their decision to become entrepreneurs. The primary data was sourced using a questionnaire developed with Google doc form. Out of 120 students that participated in the Hult Prize 2018 regional finals in Nigeria, 103 of them responded. Their responses are as presented in this article. Such will be relevant to researchers who want to find out why students desire to become entrepreneurs and the best approach and timing to enable them.
https://ift.tt/2t26EKM
Paleotemperature, geochemical and grain size data in Quaternary sediments from the Gloria Drift (Northwest Atlantic)
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 19
Author(s): Leyla Bashirova, Evgenia Dorokhova, Vadim Sivkov, Ekaterina Novichkova
Data file presents information on the variation in sea surface temperatures (SST), as well as geochemical (e.g. stable isotope, calcium carbonate), micropaleontological and grain size data from the Gloria Drift (Northwest Atlantic). The data are obtained from the three marine sediment gravity core sections (AMK-4493, AI-3646 and AI-3415) which were formed during Quaternary period. Dataset contains SST values (winter and summer: 0–50 water layer) and ice-rafted debris (IRD) counts, each in 308 samples; stable isotope data (δ18O and δ13C) from 235 samples; calcium carbonate content from 351 samples; relative abundance of polar species of planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) (Ehrenberg) in 51 samples, data of grain size analysis in bulk sediments (123 samples) and carbonate-free sediments (664). These data provide information about conditions of sedimentation at the Gloria Drift area.
https://ift.tt/2l3WO7m
Geoelectrical resistivity data set for characterising crystalline basement aquifers in Basiri, Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 19
Author(s): Ahzegbobor P. Aizebeokhai, Olubukola Ogungbade, Kehinde D. Oyeyemi
This article consists of data sets for thirty (30) vertical electrical sounding (VES) and four (4) traverses of 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) collected within, Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria using an ABEM Terrameter (SAS 1000/4000) system. Win-Resist computer program was used to process the apparent resistivity data sets for the VES to determine the geoelectric layers and their respective parameters (resistivity and thickness). The observed data sets for the 2D ERI were processed using RES2DINV software to obtain 2D inverse model resistivity distribution of the subsurface. The resistivity soundings and the 2D ERI were combined to delineate and characterise the crystalline basement features associated with basement aquifers.
https://ift.tt/2y2dfui
Survey dataset on analysis of queues in some selected banks in Ogun State, Nigeria
Source:Data in Brief, Volume 19
Author(s): Sheila A. Bishop, Hilary I. Okagbue, Pelumi E. Oguntunde, Abiodun A. Opanuga, Oluwole A. Odetunmibi
Queuing theory is the mathematical study of waiting queues (or lines). The theory enables the mathematical analysis of several related processes such as arriving at the queue, waiting in line and being served by a server. This data article contains the analysis of queuing systems obtained from queues from the observed data of some selected banks in Ogun State. One of the gains expected from this survey, is to help review the efficiency of the models used by banks in such geographical locations in sub-Saharan countries. The Survey attempts to estimate the average waiting time and length of queue(s).
https://ift.tt/2l6wMRb
Loss of Trem2 in microglia leads to widespread disruption of cell coexpression networks in mouse brain
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 69
Author(s): Guillermo Carbajosa, Karim Malki, Nathan Lawless, Hong Wang, John W. Ryder, Eva Wozniak, Kristie Wood, Charles A. Mein, Richard J.B. Dobson, David A. Collier, Michael J. O'Neill, Angela K. Hodges, Stephen J. Newhouse
Rare heterozygous coding variants in the triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) gene, conferring increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease, have been identified. We examined the transcriptional consequences of the loss of Trem2 in mouse brain to better understand its role in disease using differential expression and coexpression network analysis of Trem2 knockout and wild-type mice. We generated RNA-Seq data from cortex and hippocampus sampled at 4 and 8 months. Using brain cell-type markers and ontology enrichment, we found subnetworks with cell type and/or functional identity. We primarily discovered changes in an endothelial gene-enriched subnetwork at 4 months, including a shift toward a more central role for the amyloid precursor protein gene, coupled with widespread disruption of other cell-type subnetworks, including a subnetwork with neuronal identity. We reveal an unexpected potential role of Trem2 in the homeostasis of endothelial cells that goes beyond its known functions as a microglial receptor and signaling hub, suggesting an underlying link between immune response and vascular disease in dementia.
https://ift.tt/2l2B0Jo
Frontline Treatment for Older Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma
AbstractThe natural history of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) undergoing chemotherapy is a cyclical pattern of remission followed by recurrence of disease due to acquired chemotherapy resistance. The median age of the occurrence of MCL is 65 years, so half of the newly diagnosed MCL patients are considered "elderly." The tolerance to long‐term chemotherapy in elderly patients is decreased; hence, the response to frontline therapy used is of paramount importance. We hope that our review may guide clinicians in treating such populations in a more personalized and evidence‐based manner.In the older patients with risk variables, frontline treatment is determined according to different body status of fit, unfit or compromised, and frail. In the fit patients, the pursuit of remission and prolongation of survival might currently justify the use of more intense and toxic therapies. For unfit or compromised older patients, disease control needs to be prioritized, maintaining a balance between the benefits and toxicities of the treatment. For frail patients, tolerance of treatment and minimizing myelotoxicity should be the primary focus. "Chemotherapy‐free" regimens are likely to be considered as the first‐line strategy for this population. On the other hand, in the older MCL population without risk variables, observation or "watch and wait" can prevent overtreatment. Furthermore, more clinical trials and research studies on novel agents and targeted therapies need to be translated into the general population to provide optimal treatment and to guide personalized treatment.Implications for Practice.This review emphasizes the importance of frontline therapies for older MCL patients. MCL patients commonly experience a cyclical pattern of remission followed by recurrence of disease due to acquired chemotherapy resistance. As a special population, elderly patients have various comorbidities and decreased organ function, which may reduce the chances of undergoing treatment for recurrent disease. Thus, this older population of patients with MCL should be treated separately and exceptionally. So far, systematic reviews with regard to frontline treatment for older patients with MCL have not been encountered, but the hope is that this review may guide clinicians in treating such populations in a more personalized and evidence‐based manner.
https://ift.tt/2l80LZ0
Pattern and Predictors of Outpatient Palliative Care Referral Among Thoracic Medical Oncologists
AbstractBackground.There is significant variation in access to palliative care. We examined the pattern of outpatient palliative care referral among thoracic medical oncologists and identified oncologist characteristics associated with greater referral.Materials and Methods.We retrieved data on all patients who died of advanced thoracic malignancies at our institution between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012. Using median as a cutoff, we defined two groups (high‐referring and low‐referring oncologists) based on their frequency of referral. We examined various oncologist‐ and patient‐related characteristics associated with outpatient referral.Results.Of 1,642 decedents, 444 (27%) had an outpatient palliative care referral. The median proportion of referral among 26 thoracic oncologists was 30% (range 9%–45%; median proportion of high‐referring 37% vs. low‐referring 24% when divided into two groups at median). High‐referring oncologists were significantly younger (age 45 vs. 56) than low‐referring oncologists; they were also significantly more likely to refer patients earlier (median interval between oncology consultation and palliative care consultation 90 days vs. 170 days) and to refer those without metastatic disease (7% vs. 2%). In multivariable mixed‐effect logistic regression, younger oncologists (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97 per year increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–0.995), younger patients (OR = 0.98 per year increase, 95% CI 0.97–0.99), and nonmetastatic disease status (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.78) were significantly associated with outpatient palliative care referral.Conclusion.The pattern of referral to outpatient palliative care varied widely among thoracic oncologists. Younger oncologists were not only referring a higher proportion of patients, but also referring patients earlier in the disease trajectory.Implications for Practice.This retrospective cohort study found that younger thoracic medical oncologists were significantly more likely to refer patients to outpatient palliative care and to do so earlier in the disease trajectory compared with older oncologists, even after adjusting for other known predictors such as patient demographics. The findings highlight the role of education to standardize palliative care access and imply that outpatient palliative care referral is likely to continue to increase with a shifting oncology workforce.
https://ift.tt/2t2RLYx
Anthropometric and body composition changes in smokers vs abstainers following an exercise-aided pharmacotherapy smoking cessation trial for women
Publication date: October 2018
Source:Addictive Behaviors, Volume 85
Author(s): Harry Prapavessis, Stefanie De Jesus, Lyndsay Fitzgeorge, Scott Rollo
IntroductionPost-cessation weight gain contributes to smoking relapse, especially for women. Furthermore, excess weight in the form of android or visceral fat is associated with metabolic health problems. For this study, a secondary analysis was conducted in 2015 to determine whether quitting status, achieved through a 14 week supervised exercise-aided nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) cessation program [Getting Physical on Cigarette Trial-2009 to 2013; Prapavessis, et al., 2016], affects anthropometric and body composition parameters in female smokers (N = 413, M age = 42.39 years).MethodsAnthropometric (weight and BMI) and body composition (% total body fat, % android fat, lean mass and visceral fat) indices were assessed at baseline and end of treatment. Smoking status was confirmed weekly from expired breath carbon monoxide. Adherence to exercise and NRT patch was calculated from the number of exercise sessions attended and patches worn to the number of exercise sessions offered and patches supplied, respectively.ResultsFactorial (smoking status) ANCOVAs controlling for baseline anthropometric and body composition parameters as well as adherence to exercise and NRT revealed significant differences in weight (p = .033; ɳp2 = 0.017) and BMI (p = .020; ɳp2 = 0.020) at week 14. This equated to abstainers weighing 1.26 kg more and having a 0.52 higher BMI than smokers. No significant differences were found for any of the body composition parameters at week 14 (ɳp2 range from 0.001–0.007).ConclusionsAbstainers gain modest weight compared to smokers. This weight gain is related to increases in lean mass and not total, android, or visceral fat.
https://ift.tt/2sXRtCe
Suicidal ideation among adults with a recent sexual assault: Prescription opioid use and prior sexual assault
Publication date: October 2018
Source:Addictive Behaviors, Volume 85
Author(s): Amanda K. Gilmore, Christine K. Hahn, Anna E. Jaffe, Kate Walsh, Angela D. Moreland, Erin F. Ward-Ciesielski
IntroductionSexual assault (SA) is common, and recent sexual assault is associated with suicidal ideation and prescription opioid (PO) use. PO use is also associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation. The current study examined suicidal ideation among adults seeking medical and psychological follow-up care after a SA medical forensic examination based on PO use and prior SA.MethodsAdults (n = 60) who received a SA medical forensic exam at the emergency room within 120 h of a SA were invited to receive medical and psychological follow-up care, which included a questionnaire about current mental health symptoms.ResultsResults from a linear regression model revealed that more acute stress symptoms were associated with higher suicidal ideation. Further, there was a significant association between PO use and suicidal ideation among those with a prior SA such that those with a prior SA and who used POs reported more severe suicidal ideation than those with a prior SA who did not use POs.ConclusionsRoutine screening at the emergency department for PO use and prior SA may help prevention efforts for suicide among adults who recently experienced SA.
https://ift.tt/2MnrEEp
Biological floating bed and bio-contact oxidation processes for landscape water treatment: simultaneous removal of Microcystis aeruginosa , TOC, nitrogen and phosphorus
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify algicidal bacteria J25 against the Microcystis aeruginosa (90.14%), Chlorella (78.75%), Scenedesmus (not inhibited), and Oscillatoria (90.12%). Meanwhile, we evaluate the SOD activity and efficiency of denitrification characteristics with Acinetobacter sp. J25. A novel hybrid bioreactor combined biological floating bed with bio-contact oxidation (BFBO) was designed for treating the landscape water, and the average removal efficiencies of nitrate-N, ammonia-N, nitrite-N, TN, TP, TOC, and algal cells were 91.14, 50, 87.86, 88.83, 33.07, 53.95, and 53.43%, respectively. A 454-pyrosequencing technology was employed to investigate the microbial communities of the BFBO reactor samples. The results showed that Acinetobacter sp. J25 was the dominant contributor for effective removal of N, algal cells, and TOC in the BFBO reactor. And the relative abundance of Acinetobacter showed increase trend with the delay of reaction time.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2y504sr
Endoscopic-Assisted Radial Forearm Free Flap Harvest: A Novel Technique to Reduce Donor Site Morbidity
J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1653983
Background The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) remains a workhorse flap but can have significant donor site morbidity. The authors developed a novel technique for endoscopic-assisted RFFF (ERFFF) harvest and hypothesized improved donor site morbidity. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted evaluating patients who underwent ERFFF or RFFF by a single surgeon for head and neck reconstruction between November 2011 and July 2016; outcomes and complications were compared. A telephone survey was conducted to assess patient satisfaction with donor site appearance and function. Results Twenty-seven ERFFF and 13 RFFF harvests were performed. The cephalic vein was less commonly incorporated in ERFFF patients compared with RFFF patients (3.70 and 38.46%, respectively, p = 0.0095). ERFFF patients had lower rates of wound healing complications (0% vs. 15.38%, p = 0.10) and perfusion-related complications than RFFF patients (3.70% vs. 23.08%, p = 0.092). Fewer ERFFF patients reported a desire for a more normal appearance (42.86% vs. 71.43%, p = 0.361). The ERFFF group had a higher functional score (64.29% vs. 44.44%, p = 0.101), reporting lower rates of associated discomfort (35.71% vs. 85.71%, p = 0.063). None of the differences in rates of complications or patient-reported outcomes between the groups reached statistical significance. Conclusion ERFFF is safe and effective alternative to RFFF, with similar operative time, similar pedicle safety, and elimination of the lengthy forearm incision. Unnecessary cephalic vein dissection can be avoided with endoscopic visualization of the venae comitantes. Further research with a larger sample size and better standardization is needed to assess effects on donor-site morbidity.
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Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
https://ift.tt/2JR16gv
“High Risk Device Registries: Global Value, Costs, and Sustainable Funding.”
Well-designed implant registries have been shown to be a worthwhile investment, from both a health and economic perspective. However, many registries do not attain desirable capture rates or lack sufficient funding, potentially leading to premature termination. This study aims to provide information about rarely discussed, yet pivotal topics regarding the long-term survival of implant registries, focusing on costs, funding models, and the role of stakeholders.
https://ift.tt/2t4ATk4
Use of Dual skin paddles Anterolateral Thigh Perforator flaps in Reconstruction of complex defect of the foot and ankle
Complex soft tissue defect around the ankle and foot still was a difficult reconstructive problem for orthopedic and plastic surgeons. This study describes our clinical experience with the application of dual skin paddles anterolateral thigh perforator (ALTP) flap for reconstruction of complex defects around the ankle and foot.
https://ift.tt/2l3Bwa5
Antibiotic resistance genes in China: occurrence, risk, and correlation among different parameters
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a widely concerned issue due to the huge risk on the ecological environment and human health. China has the highest production and consumption of antibiotics than other countries. Thus, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in various environmental settings (e.g., surface water, wastewater, sediment) in China. The occurrence of ARGs in these matrixes was summarized and discussed in this review. Sulfonamide resistance genes and tetracycline resistance genes were the most frequently detected ARGs in China. According to the abundance of these two classes of ARGs in the natural environment, sulfonamide resistance genes seem to be more stable than tetracycline resistance genes. Furthermore, the relationships between ARGs and antibiotics, antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB), heavy metals, and environmental parameters (e.g., pH, organics) were also investigated. Specifically, relative abundance of total ARGs was found to correlate well with concentration of total antibiotics in aqueous phase but not in the solid phase (soil, sediment, sludge, and manure). As for relationship between ARGs and ARB, metals, and environmental parameters in different media, due to complex and variable environment, some exhibit positive correlation, some negative, while others no correlation at all. Three potential risks are discussed in the text: transmission to human, synergistic effect of different ARGs, and variability of ARGs. However, due to the complexity of the environment, more work is needed to establish a quantitative approach of ARG risk assessment, which can provide a theoretical support for the management of antibiotics and the protection of human health.
https://ift.tt/2MnisQC
Response to Alongi et al.
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Hanne Tøndel, Jo Åsmund Lund, Arne Solberg
https://ift.tt/2HIeX3C
Hematologic variables associated with brain failure in patients with small-cell lung cancer
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Ryoko Suzuki, Xiong Wei, Pamela K. Allen, James W. Welsh, Ritsuko Komaki, Steven H. Lin
Background and purposeWe sought factors associated with the development of brain metastases after treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in patients without brain involvement at diagnosis.MethodsWe analyzed 293 patients with SCLC without brain metastases who received chemotherapy, thoracic radiation therapy (TRT), or both in 2001–2015. Pretreatment hematologic markers (platelet count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lactate dehydrogenase) and other clinical characteristics were evaluated for correlation with brain metastases–free survival (BMFS). Cutoffs were established with receiver operating characteristics curves. Factors significant in univariate analysis were used to build a multivariate Cox model for BMFS.ResultsMedian follow-up time was 14.3 months. Brain metastases developed in 115 patients (39%)—32% of those with low pretreatment platelet counts (PPC) (≤270 × 109/L) and 46% of those with high PPC (>270 × 109/L). Median BMFS time for all patients was 27.9 months. Two-year BMFS rates were worse for patients with high PPC (14.6% vs. 22.1% low, P = 0.009). High PPC was independently associated with inferior BMFS (P = 0.038), as were receipt of TRT <45 Gy and no prophylactic cranial irradiation (both P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh PPC was associated with increased rates of brain metastasis in patients with SCLC with no evidence of brain disease at diagnosis.
https://ift.tt/2JNjwPi
Artificial intelligence in radiation oncology: A specialty-wide disruptive transformation?
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Reid F. Thompson, Gilmer Valdes, Clifton D. Fuller, Colin M. Carpenter, Olivier Morin, Sanjay Aneja, William D. Lindsay, Hugo J.W.L. Aerts, Barbara Agrimson, Curtiland Deville, Seth A. Rosenthal, James B. Yu, Charles R. Thomas
Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a technology with the power to transform established industries, and with applications from automated manufacturing to advertising and facial recognition to fully autonomous transportation. Advances in each of these domains have led some to call AI the "fourth" industrial revolution [1]. In healthcare, AI is emerging as both a productive and disruptive force across many disciplines. This is perhaps most evident in Diagnostic Radiology and Pathology, specialties largely built around the processing and complex interpretation of medical images, where the role of AI is increasingly seen as both a boon and a threat. In Radiation Oncology as well, AI seems poised to reshape the specialty in significant ways, though the impact of AI has been relatively limited at present, and may rightly seem more distant to many, given the predominantly interpersonal and complex interventional nature of the specialty. In this overview, we will explore the current state and anticipated future impact of AI on Radiation Oncology, in detail, focusing on key topics from multiple stakeholder perspectives, as well as the role our specialty may play in helping to shape the future of AI within the larger spectrum of medicine.
https://ift.tt/2JJvMjR
Identification of surgical site infections using electronic health record data
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Kathryn L. Colborn, Michael Bronsert, Elise Amioka, Karl Hammermeister, William G. Henderson, Robert Meguid
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop an algorithm for identifying surgical site infections (SSIs) using independent variables from electronic health record data and outcomes from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to supplement manual chart review.MethodsWe fit 3 models to data from patients undergoing operations at the University of Colorado Hospital between 2013 and 2015: a similar model reported previously in the literature, a comprehensive model with 136 possible predictors, and a combination of those. All models used a generalized linear model with a lasso penalty. Several techniques for handling imbalance in the outcome were also used: Youden's J statistic to optimize the probability cutoff and sampling techniques combined with Youden's J. The models were then tested on data from patients undergoing operations during 2016.ResultsTwo hundred thirty of 6,840 patients (3.4%) had an SSI. The comprehensive model fit to the full set of training data performed the best, achieving 90% specificity, 80% sensitivity, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89.ConclusionsWe identified a model that accurately identified SSIs. The framework presented can be easily implemented by other American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-participating hospitals to develop models for enhancing surveillance of SSIs.
https://ift.tt/2JuYPbz
High-risk Staphylococcus aureus transmission in the operating room: A call for widespread improvements in perioperative hand hygiene and patient decolonization practices
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Randy W. Loftus, Franklin Dexter, Alysha D.M. Robinson
BackgroundIncreased awareness of the epidemiology of transmission of pathogenic bacterial strain characteristics may help to improve compliance with intraoperative infection control measures. Our aim was to characterize the epidemiology of intraoperative transmission of high-risk Staphylococcus aureus sequence types (STs).MethodsS aureus isolates collected from 3 academic medical centers underwent whole cell genome analysis, analytical profile indexing, and biofilm absorbance. Transmission dynamics for hypertransmissible, strong biofilm-forming, antibiotic-resistant, and virulent STs were assessed.ResultsS aureus ST 5 was associated with increased risk of transmission (adjusted incidence risk ratio, 6.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-24.41; P = .0008), greater biofilm absorbance (ST 5 median absorbance ± SD, 3.08 ± 0.642 vs other ST median absorbance ± SD, 2.38 ± 1.01; corrected P = .021), multidrug resistance (odds ratio, 7.82; 95% CI, 2.19-27.95; P = .002), and infection (6/38 ST 5 vs 6/140 STs; relative risk, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.26-10.78; P = .022). Provider hands (n = 3) and patients (n = 4) were confirmed sources of ST 5 transmission. Transmission locations included provider hands (n = 3), patient skin sites (n = 4), and environmental surfaces (n = 2). All observed transmission stories involved the within-case mode of transmission. Two of the ST 5 transmission events were directly linked to infection.ConclusionsIntraoperative S aureus ST 5 isolates are hypertransmissible and pathogenic. Improved compliance with hand hygiene and patient decolonization may help to control the spread of these dangerous pathogens.
https://ift.tt/2HIqa4p
The relationship between physical activity, appetite and energy intake in older adults: A systematic review
Source:Appetite, Volume 128
Author(s): M.E. Clegg, A. Godfrey
Ageing often causes a reduction in appetite and energy intake in older adults which can result in malnutrition. Current guidelines for older adults suggest increasing physical activity to enhance appetite. However, it is unclear if there is evidence to support this advice. This aim of this review is to assess if appetite and energy intake is changed in older adults that undertake acute or regular physical activity (measured from cross sectional and intervention studies). Databases SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, MEDLINE were searched for studies between 1970 and 2017 using search terms related to ageing, physical activity (including exercise), energy and appetite. Studies included contained adults over 60 years, including acute, cross-sectional and intervention (longitudinal) studies. Of 34 full-text articles assessed, 8 were included. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used for assessing risk of bias. No acute studies were found. Of the cross-sectional studies, one study suggested that individuals who undertake habitual physical activity had an increased energy intake and none of the studies found differences in appetite ratings. Energy intakes increased in the intervention studies, though not always sufficiently to maintain energy balance. One study showed that ability to correctly compensate for previous energy intake was better in those that undertake habitual physical activity. The limited number of studies, wide range of data collection methodologies, time-scales and interventions mean that definitive outcomes are difficult to identify. At this stage advice to increase acute or habitual physical activity as a mean to increase appetite is not supported by sufficient evidence.
https://ift.tt/2JNtOPm
Measuring the meat paradox: How ambivalence towards meat influences moral disengagement
Source:Appetite, Volume 128
Author(s): Benjamin Buttlar, Eva Walther
Meat consumption elicits highly ambivalent feelings. On the one hand, it is associated with sensory pleasure and tradition; on the other hand, it is linked to moral, ecological, and health-related issues. This conflict is referred to as the meat paradox and it is hypothesized that people who experience the meat paradox resolve resulting discomfort by moral disengagement. However, ambivalence—a central process variable underlying the meat paradox—has never been measured directly, and theorizing on the meat paradox, so far, remains rather elusive. In the present investigation, we assessed meat-related ambivalence by tracking mouse trajectories of people who evaluated meat and plant-based dishes. By using this behavioral measure, our findings support the assumption that omnivores experience greater meat-related ambivalence and use moral disengagement strategies more frequently than non-omnivores. Importantly, our findings also show that experiencing meat-related ambivalence has far-reaching consequences: the larger behavioral ambivalence in omnivores, the higher the use of moral disengagement strategies. Thereby, our findings indicate the importance of ambivalence as a central process variable underlying the meat paradox and highlight how process-orientated research may contribute to our understanding of dietary practices and other potentially harmful behaviors.
https://ift.tt/2HIJYoe
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