Ιατρικά Άρθρα: 09/19/18

Τετάρτη 19 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

The anti-inflammatory effect of milk and dairy products on periodontal cells: an in vitro approach

Abstract

Objective

Milk can reduce intestinal tissue damage in colitis models, and protects infants against necrotizing enterocolitis. However, whether milk can decrease inflammation related to peri-implantitis and oral mucosal dehiscence remains unclear. We therefore investigated whether or not milk and fermented by-products have any anti-inflammatory effects on the cells of the oral cavity.

Material and methods

Human gingival fibroblasts and the human oral epithelial cell line HSC2 were exposed to pasteurized human milk, pasteurized cow's milk, dairy products, and powdered milk. An inflammatory response was then provoked with IL1 and TNFα. The expression changes of IL1, IL6, and IL8 were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR and immunoassay.

Results

We can report that pasteurized human milk and pasteurized cow's milk as well as yoghurt, buttermilk, sour milk, whey, and powdered milk can lower the expression of inflammatory cytokines in gingival fibroblasts being stimulated by IL1 and TNFα. A similar anti-inflammatory response to pasteurized milk and dairy products was observed with the human oral epithelial cell line HSC2.

Conclusion

These data suggest that pasteurized and powdered milk, as well as fermented dairy products, display an anti-inflammatory effect on oral fibroblasts and oral epithelial cells.

Clinical relevance

Our in vitro findings provide the scientific basis to extend this research towards testing the anti-inflammatory effects of milk in a pre-clinical periodontitis and peri-implantitis model.

https://ift.tt/2xnx1Ok

A Conversation with Jose Gomez Marquez, Little Devices Lab, MIT

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, Volume 5, Issue 3, Page 181-183, September 2018.

https://ift.tt/2DeQshA

High-Efficiency High-Resolution Multimaterial Fabrication for Digital Light Processing-Based Three-Dimensional Printing

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, Volume 5, Issue 3, Page 185-193, September 2018.

https://ift.tt/2NnNvQg

Management of Microsurgical Patients using Intraoperative Unfractionated Heparin and Thromboelastography

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670683

Background Maintaining optimal coagulation is vital for successful microvascular tissue transfer. The viscoelastic thromboelastography (TEG) is a modern and dynamic method to assess a patient's coagulation status. The aim of this study was to evaluate its diagnostic capabilities of identifying microvascular complications. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for the most recent 100 cases of abdominal free flap breast reconstruction of a single surgeon. Patient demographics, medical history, clinical, and operative details were documented. Thrombocyte counts, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and various TEG parameters were gathered for preoperative, intraoperative, and two postoperative time points. Results A total of hundred patients were identified, who underwent 172 abdominal-based free flaps for breast reconstruction. TEG was more dynamic compared with PT or aPTT and demonstrated borderline hypocoagulate values intraoperatively upon unfractionated heparin administration and hypercoagulate values postoperatively. In contrast, PT and aPTT demonstrated a continuously hypocoagulable state. Complications included five thrombotic events and three hematomas. The thrombotic cases had much steeper increases of TEG-G between surgery and postoperative day 2 (p = 0.049), while PT and aPTT failed to identify these patients. Of those, two resulted in flap loss (1.2%) that both occurred in patients with abdominal scars from previous surgery. Conclusion The TEG is a useful adjunct for monitoring coagulation status in microsurgical breast reconstruction. When thrombosis at the anastomosis occurs, TEG correlates with a more rapid rebound from an intraoperative hypocoagulable state to a postoperative hypercoagulable state, when using the TEG. The TEG is a valuable tool for a more dynamic assessment of the patients' changing coagulation status.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

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Radiation-Induced Skin Changes after Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: A Pilot Study on Indicators for Timing of Delayed Breast Reconstruction

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670650

Background Delayed autologous breast reconstruction is commonly recommended in patients requiring postmastectomy radiation. This study examines gross and histologic changes in the breast skin of patients who have undergone postmastectomy radiation to help determine when radiation-induced skin changes begin to stabilize. Methods A prospective pilot study was conducted on eight patients with invasive breast cancer who required mastectomy and radiotherapy. At the time of mastectomy and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 months after completion of radiotherapy, a punch biopsy was taken from the radiated mastectomy skin of each patient. Serial standardized photographs were taken before and after radiotherapy to evaluate the degree of hyperpigmentation and graded by three blinded plastic surgeons. Skin biopsies were processed for histologic assessment of inflammation, elastin organization, and vascularity. Results Grading of patient photographs revealed an increase in hyperpigmentation after radiotherapy compared with baseline with a gradual improvement over time. SMAD3 immunostaining demonstrated a trend toward an increase in inflammation over 12 months. The elastin distribution within samples showed an increase in fiber disorganization, thickening, and clumping, with no improvement throughout the study period. The average number of vessels per high powered field decreased steadily through the duration of the study. Conclusions Histologic changes in dermal inflammation, elastin organization, and vascularity do not appear to correspond with the gradual improvement of hyperpigmentation, resulting from postmastectomy radiation. These histologic changes persist beyond the 12 month observation period and will require clinical correlation to determine the potential impact on postoperative outcomes.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

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Effects of Systemic and Local Caffeine on Vessel Diameter, Anastomosis Patency, and Intimal Hyperplasia in the Rat

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1672130

Background The use of caffeine is not recommended prior to elective microsurgery due to its demonstrated negative effects on vessel anastomosis by the presumed sympathomimetic induction of vasoconstriction. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the systemic and local effects of caffeine on vessel diameter, anastomosis patency, and degree of intimal hyperplasia during the healing process. Methods Twenty-five rats were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) negative control, (2) preoperative systemic caffeine, (3) postoperative systemic caffeine, (4) perioperative systemic caffeine, and (5) a local caffeine group. Both the right and left femoral arteries were used. Ten anastomoses were performed per group. The arterial diameter was measured by micrometer, anastomosis patency was assessed surgically and histologically, and the histological examination was conducted 3 weeks postoperatively to determine intimal hyperplasia. Results The overall patency rate was 96%. Mild vasoconstriction was observed in the systemic caffeine groups (statistically insignificant); however, there were no negative effects on anastomosis patency. Local caffeine irrigation resulted in significant vasodilatation in the local caffeine group (p = 0.001); a similar effect was not observed in the other groups. There was a significant decrease in the intima/media ratio in the local caffeine group (p < 0.01), when compared with the control and systemic caffeine groups. No other intima/media ratio differences were observed among other comparison groups. Conclusion The systemic administration of caffeine, although statistically insignificant, has an observable effect on vasoconstriction. However, it does not appear to have negative effects on anastomosis patency regardless of its application period (pre-, post-, or perioperatively). The local application of caffeine resulted in considerable vasodilatation as opposed to the vasoconstriction effect in the systemic caffeine groups. Decreased intimal hyperplasia at the anastomosis edge, and antifibrotic properties in the surgical field were also observed in this group. Histologically, the local caffeine group demonstrated an additional beneficial effect on anastomosis remodeling.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

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Comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in infants and postpartum women

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print

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Influence of sex on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the kidney, lungs, and liver of rabbits after exposure to diazinon

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effect of two oral doses of the pesticide diazinon (25 and 125 mg/kg bw) on four biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and catalase and glutathione S-transferase enzymatic activities) in the kidney, lungs, and liver of rabbit after 10 days of exposure. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly greater in exposed animals compared to controls, especially in the animals exposed to the higher dose of the pesticide. This result was reflected in the glutathione levels, which were significantly lower at that same higher dose. Catalase activity was also inhibited by the higher dose of the pesticide in all three organs analysed, whereas inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity was only significant for the kidney and lungs. There were some slight differences between the sexes: taking the results for all three organs, the higher dose of diazinon resulted in a clearly significant inhibitory effect on the catalase activity and glutathione levels in males, and a significant enhancing effect on the malondialdehyde levels in females. These results help to confirm the interest of considering such endogenous factors in future ecotoxicological studies, and that the four biomarkers considered are suitable for reflecting the toxic effects of diazinon on rabbits, especially the effects related to oxidative stress.

Graphical abstract

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Production of gasoline range hydrocarbons from catalytic cracking of linoleic acid over various acidic zeolite catalysts

Abstract

Employment of edible oils as alternative green fuel for vehicles had raised debates on the sustainability of food supply especially in the third-world countries. The non-edible oil obtained from the abundantly available rubber seeds could mitigate this issue and at the same time reduce the environmental impact. Therefore, this paper investigates the catalytic cracking reaction of a model compound named linoleic acid that is enormously present in the rubber seed oil. Batch-scale experiments were conducted using 8.8 mL Inconel batch reactor having a cyclic horizontal swing span of 2 cm with a frequency of 60 cycles per minute at 450 °C under atmospheric condition for 90 min. The performance of HZSM-5, HBeta, HFerrierite, HMordenite and HY catalysts was tested for their efficiency in favouring gasoline range hydrocarbons. The compounds present in the organic liquid product were then analysed using GC-MS and classified based on PIONA which stands for paraffin, isoparaffin, olefin, naphthenes and aromatics respectively. The results obtained show that HZSM-5 catalyst favoured gasoline range hydrocarbons that were rich in aromatics compounds and promoted the production of desired isoparaffin. It also gave a higher cracking activity; however, large gaseous as by-products were produced at the same time.

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Remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater using KMnO 4 oxidation: laboratory and field-scale studies

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to (1) conduct laboratory bench and column experiments to determine the oxidation kinetics and optimal operational parameters for trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater remediation using potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) as oxidant and (2) to conduct a pilot-scale study to assess the efficiency of TCE remediation by KMnO₄ oxidation. The controlling factors in laboratory studies included soil oxidant demand (SOD), molar ratios of KMnO₄ to TCE, KMnO₄ decay rate, and molar ratios of Na₂HPO₄ to KMnO₄ for manganese dioxide (MnO₂) production control. Results show that a significant amount of KMnO₄ was depleted when it was added in a soil/water system due to the existence of natural soil organic matters. The presence of natural organic material in soils can exert a significant oxidant demand thereby reducing the amount of KMnO₄ available for the destruction of TCE as well as the overall oxidation rate of TCE. Supplement of higher concentrations of KMnO₄ is required in the soil systems with high SOD values. Higher KMnO₄ application resulted in more significant H⁺ and subsequent pH drop. The addition of Na₂HPO₄ could minimize the amount of produced MnO₂ particles and prevent the clogging of soil pores, and TCE oxidation efficiency would not be affected by Na₂HPO₄. To obtain a complete TCE removal, the amount of KMnO₄ used to oxidize TCE needs to be higher than the theoretical molar ratio of KMnO₄ to TCE based on the stoichiometry equation. Relatively lower oxidation rates are obtained with lower initial TCE concentrations. The half-life of TCE decreased with increased KMnO₄ concentrations. Results from the pilot-scale study indicate that a significant KMnO₄ decay occurs after the injection due to the reaction of KMnO₄ with soil organic matters, and thus, the amount of KMnO₄, which could be transported from the injection point to the downgradient area, would be low. The effective influence zone of the KMnO₄ oxidation was limited to the KMnO₄ injection area (within a 3-m radius zone). Migration of KMnO₄ to farther downgradient area was limited due to the reaction of KMnO₄ to natural organic matters. To retain a higher TCE removal efficiency, continuous supplement of high concentrations of KMnO₄ is required. The findings would be useful in designing an in situ field-scale ISCO system for TCE-contaminated groundwater remediation using KMnO₄ as the oxidant.

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Speciation and uptake of antimony and arsenic by two populations of Pteris vittata L. and Holcus lanatus L. from co-contaminated soil

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the Sb and As co-accumulating processes of Pteris vittata under soil culture condition, including the transformation of Sb and As, and the difference in co-accumulating ability among different plant species/populations. Two populations of P. vittata and one population of As-tolerant species Holcus lanatus L. were grown on soil co-contaminated by Sb and As. Sb and As speciation in plants was assessed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. P. vittata displayed strong As- but limited Sb-accumulating ability, with the highest shoot concentrations of As and Sb reaching 455 and 26 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. After 28 days culture, the concentrations of Sb and As in the soil solution were reduced by up to 22% and 36% in the P. vittata treatments, respectively. Holcus lanatus showed limited uptake for both metalloids. In P. vittata, the reduction of arsenate to arsenite occurred (with As in shoots all existing as arsenite), but limited reduction of antimonate to antimonite (with more than 90% of Sb in shoots existing as antimonate) was observed. In terms of the differences in metalloid uptake between the two P. vittata populations, the population from the habitat with higher soil As concentration showed 35% higher As uptake than the population from the habitat with lower As concentration. This populational difference may partly result from varying As transformation efficiencies. However, no significant difference was observed in Sb accumulation between the two populations.

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How We Do It: Dermabrasion as a Primary Reconstruction Option for Nasal Defects

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2OxMOAl

Large Nasal Tip Defects—Utilization of Interdomal Sutures Before Burow's Graft for Optimization of Nasal Contour

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2NTZgxl

Fire Safety in Mohs Micrographic Surgery

BACKGROUND Surgical fire is a rare event, but one with potentially devastating patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of surgical fires experienced by members of the American College of Mohs Surgeons (ACMS). METHODS An internet survey was developed and sent to ACMS members. Data collected included total years of experience, total number of cases, typical management of supplemental oxygen, and surgical fires experienced. RESULTS Eighty participants contributed data on 886,200 cases of MMS. Nine surgeons (11%) reported at least 1 surgical fire, yielding an estimated incidence of 1 fire per 88,620 cases (0.001%). The most common site of involvement was the scalp (67%). Common ignition sources included monopolar electrosurgical devices (78%) and battery-powered thermal cautery (22%). Fuel sources included towels or drapes, gauze, isopropyl alcohol, aluminum chloride, hairspray, and diethyl ether. Supplemental oxygen was not involved in any of the cases. Five patients suffered singed hair while 4 patients did not suffer any injuries. None suffered any permanent functional or aesthetic deformities. CONCLUSION The overall risk of surgical fire in MMS is minimal. However, safety measures and greater awareness of fire risks are necessary to prevent patient harm. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Jeremy T. Kampp, MD, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, or e-mail: jkampp@uw.edu The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. © 2018 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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A Freely Mobile Subcutaneous Nodule of the Dorsal Hand

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2NTZ94T

Disguising Scars With Decorative Tattooing: A Patient-Inspired Approach

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2OJF0LW

Commentary on a Retrospective Case-Matched Cost Comparison of Surgical Treatment of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in the Outpatient Versus Operating Room Setting

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2NTZ4y7

Successful Treatment of Lichen Amyloidosis With Trichloroacetic Acid Peels

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2OCH8Fi

Personal (Self) Perceptions of Submental Fat Among Adults in the United States

BACKGROUND Satisfaction with discrete facial areas influences self-perceptions of attractiveness, self-esteem, and quality of life. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of how the submental area impacts feelings and behaviors. OBJECTIVE To characterize the effects of submental fat (SMF) on feelings/emotions and actions/behavior among adults in the United States. METHODS Online health-based surveys recruited approximately 400 adults (18–65 years) in each of 5 categories based on the respondent's assessment of their SMF. Respondents either agreed or disagreed with 17 statements regarding their feelings/emotions and actions/behaviors related to the area underneath their chin. RESULTS Overall, 1996 respondents were included (equal distribution of males/females; mean age, 41.9 years). Even a slight amount of chin fat was associated with negative feelings and behaviors. As SMF increased, so did the number of respondents reporting negative self-perceptions such as being embarrassed by the area under their chin. In general, a greater percentage of female compared with male respondents reported negative feelings and behavioral changes due to their submental area. CONCLUSION Excess SMF can have a substantial negative effect on a person's feelings of attractiveness and behaviors. Reduction of SMF may not only improve one's appearance, but also may enhance one's self-esteem. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Leslie Baumann, MD, 4500 Biscayne Boulevard, Suite 101, Miami, FL 33137, or e-mail: lsb@derm.net Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (https://ift.tt/2bw6lgr). This study was sponsored by Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland. Writing and editorial assistance was provided to the authors by Evidence Scientific Solutions, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and funded by Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland. All authors met the ICMJE authorship criteria. Neither honoraria nor payments were made for authorship. L. Baumann has previously received grants from Allergan and currently receives payment for lectures including service on speakers' bureaus from Allergan. S.M. Shridharani is an advisory board member and consultant for Allergan, Galderma, Merz, and Miramar Labs. S. Humphrey currently receives payment for lectures including service on speakers' bureaus from Allergan and serves as a consultant and/or investigator for Allergan, Galderma, Merz, Revance, Evolus, and BonTi. C.J. Gallagher is an employee of Allergan plc. © 2018 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Noninvasive Atrophic Acne Scar Treatment in Asians With a 755-nm Picosecond Laser Using A Diffractive Optic Lens—A Retrospective Photographic Review

BACKGROUND The diffractive lens of the picosecond laser is relatively new, and there are few reports on its efficacy in treating atrophic acne scars, especially in Asian populations. OBJECTIVE Evaluating the efficacy of diffractive lens 755-nm picosecond laser for atrophic acne scar treatment in Asians. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two patients who were treated for facial atrophic acne scars at a private dermatological clinic were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Mean session count was 4.28. Before and after photographs were assessed by 2 blinded dermatologists, who rated the amount of overall skin quality improvement on a 5-point scale. RESULTS All patients experienced improvements in scar texture and overall skin quality after 2 to 6 sessions, with scores of +1.4, 1.45, 1.7, 1.33, 2.3, and 1.66 points after 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and >6 treatments, respectively. There were no obvious adverse effects after treatment. The postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) risk was 4.7% (2 of 42, both spontaneously resolved). CONCLUSION The 755-nm diffractive lens picosecond laser showed good efficacy and low PIH rates when treating atrophic acne scars in darker skin–type patients. In addition to treatment results, additional improvements in overall skin quality and pigmentation make the picosecond laser an effective and desirable treatment option for Asians. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Peter Hsien-Li Peng, MD, P-Skin Professional Clinic, 103 Tsoying Great Road, Tsoying District, Kaohsiung, 81347, Taiwan, China, or e-mail: pengskin@gmail.com The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. © 2018 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Clinical evaluation of non-surgical cleaning modalities on titanium dental implants during maintenance care: a 1-year follow-up on prosthodontic superstructures

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate tissue health around implants with newly attached superstructures over 12 months of preventive maintenance appointments and instrumentation when necessary.

Material and methods

In a randomized, split-mouth study 32 implants (8 participants with 4 implants each) received followed-up care every 3 months after superstructure attachment. Implants and superstructures were randomly assigned to four treatment groups and treated if necessary: (1) titanium curettes (TC), (2) stainless steel ultrasonic tip (PS), (3) erythritol air-polishing powder (EP), or (4) rubber cup polishing (CON). Probing depths (PDs), bleeding on probing (BOP), modified gingival (mucosal) bleeding index (GBI) around implants, and full-mouth Plaque Control Record (PCR) were measured every 3 months. Clinical attachment levels (CALs) and height of keratinized mucosa (KM)/gingival margins (GMs) for implants/teeth and PD, BOP, and GBI for teeth were documented at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and periopathogens were measured at baseline and 12 months.

Results

Participants exhibited minimal signs of periodontal inflammation with statistically significant PD improvement (3.0 ± 0.2 to 2.8 ± 0.3 mm; p = 0.022) and overall CAL (4.3 ± 0.8 to 4.0 ± 0.7 mm; p = 0.048) after 1 year. Implants showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between or within groups at baseline or 12 months for any parameter, except MMP-8 decreased significantly for PS (14.50 ± 17.58 to 4.63 ± 7.56 ng; p = 0.044), and after 12 months, PCR showed a significant difference between TC and PS (p = 0.018).

Conclusions

Treatment was necessary as inflammation was observed around newly placed superstructures within the first year of maintenance care. All tested treatment modalities yielded comparable clinical improvements.

Clinical relevance

Early assessment and diagnosis of mucositis and regular maintenance can promote long-lasting implant health.

https://ift.tt/2plLMMU

Effect of photobiomodulation on neural differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can enhance the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair and can therefore be used in regenerative medicine. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation on the directional neural differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and provide a theoretical basis for neurogenesis. hUC-MSCs were divided into control, inducer, laser, and lasers combined with inducer groups. A 635-nm laser and an 808-nm laser delivering energy densities from 0 to 10 J/cm² were used in the study. Normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and injured cerebrospinal fluid (iCSF) were used as inducers. The groups were continuously induced for 3 days. Cellular proliferation was evaluated using MTT. The marker proteins nestin (marker protein of the neural precursor cells), NeuN (marker protein of neuron), and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein, marker proteins of glial cells) were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. We found that irradiation with 635-nm laser increased cell proliferation, and that with 808 nm laser by itself and combined with cerebrospinal fluid treatment generated significant neuron-like morphological changes in the cells at 72 h. Nestin showed high positive expression at 24 h in the 808 nm group. The expression of GFAP increased in the 808-nm combined inducer group at 24 h but decreased at 72 h. The expression of neuN protein increased only at 72 h in both the 808-nm combined inducer group and inducer group. We concluded that 808 nm laser irradiation could help CSF to induce neuronal differentiation of hUC-MSCs in early stage and tend to change to neuron rather than glial cells.

https://ift.tt/2xlLgDa

Photobiomodulation is associated with a decrease in cell viability and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) involves surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, which can cause mucositis (inflammation of the oral mucosa that causes considerable pain and can compromise the continuity of oncological treatment). Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been successfully used in the treatment of mucositis, but doubts arise regarding the use of laser for areas in which tumor cells may remain. In this study, the effect of PBM on the viability, mitochondrial activity, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of cells derived from oral SCC was evaluated. SCC9 cells were irradiated with laser (660 and 780 nm, using 11 dosimetric parameters) and submitted to mitochondrial and caspase 3 activity tests after 1 and 3 days. Based on the results, cell viability (neutral red assay), proliferation (BrdU assay), and migration (scratch-wound assay) were evaluated using only the dosimetric parameters recommended for mucositis. Non-irradiated cells served as the control. The experiments were performed in triplicate. The 11 parameters diminished mitochondrial activity and induced tumor cell apoptosis. Using the parameters recommended for mucositis, irradiation with 780 nm (70 mW, 4 J/cm²) proved to be the safest and led to a reduction in cell viability, the induction of apoptosis, and a reduction in the migration capacity of the tumor cells.

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Facial growth direction after surgical intervention to relieve mouth breathing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives

A systematic review was performed to assess the prognosis for facial growth direction documented by mandibular plane inclination and anterior face height in growing subjects who had undergone surgical intervention to relieve mouth breathing (PROSPERO database, registration no. CRD 42013005707).

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and LILACS were searched based on the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. Included were longitudinal studies with mouth-breathing patients who had undergone surgical interventions to relieve their respiratory pattern, with a minimum follow-up of one year.

Results

A total of 1555 studies were identified, whereby only three nonrandomized clinical trials comprising 155 participants met the inclusion criteria. Primary outcome was change between the initial and final measurements of the mandibular plane-SN angle (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.13° [−3.08, −1.18]). Secondary outcomes included changes in total anterior face height (AFH; 95% CI −0.76 mm [−1.91, 0.38]), upper AFH (95% CI 0.09 mm [−0.57, 0.74]), and lower AFH (95% CI 0.06 mm [−0.87, 0.99]). Risk of bias was low for most of bias domains and the quality of evidence across the studies was considered to be very low. The design, the small number of participants, and the absence of blinding generated imprecision.

Conclusions

There is very low evidence that the mandibular growth direction became more horizontal during the first year after surgery to treat mouth breathing. The total anterior facial height decreased, although not always significantly.

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Delusional misidentification of inanimate objects, persons, and places after a left orbitofrontal cortex injury

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Miki Tanabe, Michitaka Funayama, Yota Narizuka, Asuka Nakajima, Isamu Matsukawa, Tomoyuki Nakamura

https://ift.tt/2NqoaoM

Beyond decomposition: processing zero-derivations in English visual word recognition

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Linda Wheeldon, Swetlana Schuster, Christos Pliatsikas, Debra Malpass, Aditi Lahiri

Four experiments investigate the effects of covert morphological complexity during visual word recognition. Zero-derivations occur in English in which a change of word class occurs without any change in surface form (e.g., a boat-to boat; to soak-a soak). Boat is object-derived and is a basic noun (N), whereas soak is action-derived and is a basic verb (V). As the suffix {-ing} is only attached to verbs, deriving boating from its base, requires two steps, boat(N)>boat(V)>boating(V), while soaking can be derived in one step from soak(V). Experiments 1 to 3 used masked priming at different prime durations to test matched sets of one and two-step verbs for morphological (soaking-SOAK) and semantic priming (jolting-SOAK). Experiment 4 employed a delayed-priming paradigm in which the full verb forms (soaking and boating) were primed by noun and verb phrases (a soak/to soak, a boat/to boat). In both paradigms, different morphological priming patterns were observed for one-step and two-step verbs, demonstrating that morphological processing cannot be reduced to surface form-based segmentation.

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Reward Sensitivity Predicts Dopaminergic Response in Spatial Neglect

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Korina Li, Paul Bentley, Ajoy Nair, Omid Halse, Gareth Barker, Charlotte Russell, David Soto, Paresh A. Malhotra

Abstract

It has recently been revealed that spatial neglect can be modulated by motivational factors including anticipated monetary reward. A number of dopaminergic agents have been evaluated as treatments for neglect, but the results have been mixed, with no clear anatomical or cognitive predictors of dopaminergic responsiveness. Given that the effects of incentive motivation are mediated by dopaminergic pathways that are variably damaged in stroke, we tested the hypothesis that the modulatory influences of reward and dopaminergic drugs on neglect are themselves related.

We employed a single-dose, double-blind, crossover design to compare the effects of Co-careldopa and placebo on a modified visual cancellation task in patients with neglect secondary to right hemisphere stroke. Whilst confirming that reward improved visual search in this group, we show that dopaminergic stimulation only enhances visual search in the absence of reward. When patients were divided into REWARD-RESPONDERs and REWARD-NON-RESPONDERs, we found an interaction, such that only REWARD-NON-RESPONDERs showed a positive response to reward after receiving Co-careldopa, whereas REWARD-RESPONDERs were not influenced by drug. At a neuroanatomical level, responsiveness to incentive motivation was most associated with intact dorsal striatum.

These findings suggest that dopaminergic modulation of neglect follows an 'inverted U' function, is dependent on integrity of the reward system, and can be measured as a behavioural response to anticipated reward.

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A home-based prism adaptation training for neglect patients

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Paola Fortis, Roberta Ronchi, Valeria Velardo, Elena Calzolari, Elisabetta Banco, Lorella Algeri, Maria Simonetta Spada, Giuseppe Vallar

Abstract

Spatial neglect is a debilitating disorder frequently observed after damage to the right cerebral hemisphere. Previous investigations have revealed that prism adaptation (PA) therapy can lead to improvements in neglect-related symptoms. In the typical PA protocol patients repeatedly point toward a visual target while wearing prism goggles. A few years ago, a novel PA procedure, involving a variety of more "ecological" visuo-motor activities during adaptation, less repetitive than a sequence of pointings, was introduced by our research group, and shown to be able to improve neglect-related symptoms to the same extent as the standard pointing task. The ecological procedure was easy to administer and pleasant for the patients. In all previous studies, patients were treated by specialized personnel during hospitalization. In the current study, we investigated the effectiveness of the ecological PA method when performed in a home-based setting, with the help of caregivers and family members. Seven right-brain-damaged patients with chronic left spatial neglect underwent a two-week ecological PA treatment, extended, for two extra weeks, in 6 patients, who were available for this additional rehabilitation session. As a control treatment, patients performed the same activities while wearing neutral goggles, before the PA procedure. Two weeks of ecological PA training proved to be able to significantly improve performance in neuropsychological tests (BIT, Cancellation tasks), a neurological scale (NIH), and functional abilities (CBS), when compared to both the baseline and the neutral control treatment, with improvements being maintained over 6 months. The ecological home-based PA training is effective in alleviating signs of spatial neglect. Importantly, this training is affordable, pleasant, and feasible to be performed in the comfort of the patient's home. Easily extendable to larger patient populations and prolonged periods, this method has a real potential to benefit the quality of life of brain-damaged patients with left spatial neglect.

https://ift.tt/2DapIyE

Estimating the statistical significance of spatial maps for multivariate lesion-symptom analysis

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Grigori Yourganov, Julius Fridriksson, Christopher Rorden

https://ift.tt/2NmkK6w

Functional Specialization for Feature-based and Symmetry-based Groupings in Multiple Object Tracking

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Chundi Wang, Luming Hu, Siyuan Hu, Yangwen Xu, Xuemin Zhang

Abstract

Our vision systems utilize attention to process dynamic visual information everyday. Multiple object tracking (MOT) is widely used for studying sustained attention in dynamic environments. Previous research reported inter-target grouping based on feature similarity (e.g., targets sharing the same color, size, or shape) can facilitate tracking. A recent study also found that symmetric relation among targets in MOT tasks can automatically improve tracking performance, and a greater grouping effect based on symmetry and feature was observed. However, grouping based on multiple feature cues didn't produce a greater grouping effect than grouping based on one feature cue. Why were groupings based on symmetry and feature additive, but two feature-based groupings were not? How stimulus-driven inter-target groupings based on color or symmetry improve the goal-directed target tracking process remains unknown. We hypothesized that symmetry-based and feature-based groupings would involve different cortical and subcortical areas, and color-based and color-shape-based groupings would be manifested in significant activity in the same regions. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify cortical and subcortical areas involved in feature-based and symmetry-based groupings respectively during tracking. The results of our experiment showed that lateral occipital (LO) cortex is involved in symmetry-based grouping during tracking. Bilateral putamen, temporal parietal junction (TPJ), and frontal eye field (FEF) are involved in the feature-based grouping. Our findings likely indicate that stimulus-driven inter-target symmetry-based grouping and feature-based grouping improve goal-directed target tracking in different ways.

https://ift.tt/2Da3ehq

Facial growth direction after surgical intervention to relieve mouth breathing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

https://ift.tt/2pkhA4X

ECOTOX, new questions for terrestrial and aquatic ecotoxicology

https://ift.tt/2ODIpMs

Effective antimicrobial activity of rifabutin against multidrug‐resistant Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2pokaXr

Evaluation of the efficacy of calcium silicate vs. glass ionomer cement indirect pulp capping and restoration assessment criteria: a randomised controlled clinical trial—2-year results

Abstract

Objectives

Assess calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX™, control) as indirect pulp capping (IPC) materials in patients with reversible pulpitis after a 2-year follow-up. Evaluate the integrity of the overlying resin composite restorations using modified USPHS criteria and FDI criteria. Investigate the sensitivity of the modified USPHS criteria compared to the FDI criteria in the assessment of the restorations.

Materials and methods

Seventy-two restorations (36 Biodentine™, 36 Fuji IX™) were placed randomly in 53 patients. Periapical radiographs were taken at pre-treatment (T0), 12-month (T12), and 24-month (T24) review. Restorations were assessed using the modified USPHS and FDI criteria at T12 and T24.

Results

At 24 months, 15 teeth had failed to maintain vitality (6 Biodentine™, 9 Fuji IX™). Clinical success rate of IPC for both materials was 72% and is related to the intensity of reversible pulpitis symptoms. No difference was found between T12 and T24 in the periapical (PA) radiographs and in the integrity of the resin composite restorations overlying Biodentine™ compared to Fuji IX™. There was no difference in the efficacy of the USPHS criteria compared to the FDI criteria in the assessment of the resin composite restorations.

Conclusions

Biodentine™ and Fuji IX™ were clinically effective when used as IPC materials in teeth with reversible pulpitis at T24. Resin composite restorations overlying both materials performed well at T24. Using the USPHS or FDI criteria is equally efficient at T24; however, longer term follow-up is needed to establish whether there are sensitivity differences between these assessment criteria.

Clinical significance

Teeth with deep carious lesions approaching the pulp and with signs of reversible pulpitis can be treated successfully by indirect pulp capping using either Biodentine™ or Fuji IX™. Using the USPHS or FDI criteria to assess restorations is equally effective at 2 years.

Trial registration

NCT02201641

https://ift.tt/2QISmtl

Metallic crown-induced occlusal trauma as a protocol to evaluate inflammatory response in temporomandibular joint and periodontal tissues of rats

Abstract

Objectives

The goal of this study is to propose a standard protocol of experimental occlusal trauma to evaluate the inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by metallic crowns on orofacial tissues of rats.

Materials and methods

Thirty animals were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5 per group). Detailed methodology on the manufacturing of metallic crowns is described. The inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by occlusal interference was evaluated by intra-articular injection of a low dose of 0.5% formalin (30 μl) or vehicle (saline) into temporomandibular joint, 21 or 28 days after metallic crown cementation. Posteriorly, pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess the effect of occlusal interference on periodontium.

Results

The cementation of metallic crowns with dental anatomy on the lower molar of rats does not show signs of stress and lack of feeding. Metallic crown-induced occlusal trauma results in a temporomandibular joint inflammatory hyperalgesia (P < 0.05: ANOVA, Tukey's test). Otherwise, it was observed that occlusal trauma results in the increase of protein level of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the gingival tissues (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates in detail a methodology of occlusal trauma resulting from the cementation of metallic crowns in the lower molars of rats, mimicking occlusal interferences commonly evaluated in the dental clinic. This methodology makes new studies to better understand the mechanisms involved in the occlusal trauma of orofacial tissues possible.

Clinical relevance

The standardization of an experimental occlusal interference model will allow us to understand the deleterious effect and mechanisms that affect the orofacial tissues.

https://ift.tt/2xsNzU0

Effect of cold plasma on periodontal wound healing—an in vitro study

Abstract

Objectives

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a room temperate ionized gas, seems to be a possible way to enhance tissue recovery. An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the influence of medical CAP on the regenerative capacity of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.

Material and methods

Human PDL cells were subjected to CAP at various intensities, distances, and durations. The effects of CAP on a number of specific markers were studied at transcriptional level using real-time PCR. Additionally, an in vitro wound healing assay was applied to PDL cell monolayers either in the presence or absence of CAP by using JuLI™ Br Live Cell Analyzer and software. Finally, cell viability of CAP-treated cells was analyzed by an XTT assay.

Results

CAP treatment enhanced significantly the expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, cyclooxygenase (COX)2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, collagen (COL)1α, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, as well as the proliferation markers Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), but downregulated apoptotic markers Apaf1 and p53. Additionally, the in vitro wound healing rate was significantly enhanced after CAP application. Moreover, CAP treatment resulted in a significantly increased cell viability in the XTT assay.

Conclusion

This in vitro study shows that CAP has regulatable effects on markers of periodontal wound healing thereby underlining the potential use of CAP as a benefit treatment strategy.

Clinical relevance

Our study demonstrates the application of CAP in the treatment of oral pathologies suggesting a promising future treatment approach.

https://ift.tt/2QJ2iTS

Exercise Training Effects on Cognition and Brain Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Project EXACT

Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis; Cognitive Impairment
Interventions: Behavioral: Treadmill Walking Exercise Training; Behavioral: Stretching-and-Toning Exercise Training
Sponsors: University of Alabama at Birmingham; National Institutes of Health (NIH); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2NplAiT

Diagnostic DNA Methylation Signature in Diagnosing Thyroid Cancer After Fine-Needle Aspiration in Patients With Thyroid Nodules

Condition: Thyroid Gland Nodule
Intervention: Other: Diagnostic DNA Methylation Signature
Sponsors: City of Hope Medical Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2DaBc57

Cervico-vestibular Rehabilitation for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Conditions: Post-Concussion Syndrome; Mild Traumatic Brain Injury; Vestibular Disorder; Whiplash Injuries; Concussion, Brain
Interventions: Other: Conventional approach; Other: Personalized rehabilitation program
Sponsors: Laval University; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2Nl34rY

A Prospective Randomized Trial of Capecitabine Treatment in Patients With HNSCC

Condition: Head and Neck Neoplasms
Intervention: Drug: Capecitabine
Sponsor: Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2DdCz3g

Oral Dydrogesterone (OD) Versus Micronized Vaginal Progesterone (MVP) for Luteal Phase Support (LPS) in IVF/ICSI

Conditions: Infertility, Female; Infertility; Genital Diseases, Male; Genital Diseases, Female; Progesterone; Dydrogesterone; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Progestins
Interventions: Drug: Dydrogesterone Oral Tablet; Drug: Micronized progesterone; Drug: Placebo Dydrogesterone oral tablet; Drug: Placebo Micronized progesterone
Sponsors: CRG UZ Brussel; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; Abbott; KU Leuven
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2NqBdXy

Screening of candidate gene responses to cadmium stress by RNA sequencing in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.)

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) stress is one of the most serious threats to agriculture in the world. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop; however, Cd can easily accumulate in rapeseed and thus harm human health through the food chain. In the first experiment, our purpose was to measure the Cd accumulation in mature B. napus plants and its influences on fatty acid composition. The results showed that most Cd was accumulated in the root, and the seed fatty acid content was considerably different at different Cd toxicity levels. In the second experiment, 7-day-old B. napus seedlings stressed by Cd (1 mM) for 0 h (CK-0h), 24 h (T-24h), or 72 h (T-72h) were submitted to physiological and biological analyses, RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. In total, 5469 and 6769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparisons of "CK-0h vs T-24h" and "CK-0h vs T-72h", respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the photosynthetic and glutathione (GSH) pathways were significantly enriched in response to Cd stress. Key factors in the response to Cd stress included BnPCS1, BnGSTU12, BnGSTU5, and BnHMAs. The transcription factors BnWRKY11 (BnaA03g51590D), BnWRKY28 (BnaA03g43640D), BnWRKY33 (BnaA03g17820D), and BnWRKY75 (BnaA03g04160D) were upregulated after Cd exposure. The present study revealed that upregulation of the genes encoding GST and PCS under Cd stress promoted the formation of low-molecular weight complexes (PC-Cd), and upregulation of heavy metal ATPase genes induced PC-Cd transfer to vacuoles. These findings may provide the basis for the molecular mechanism of the response of B. napus to Cd.

https://ift.tt/2MMhQD3

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: Dermoscopy and mutation analysis

Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2xwVccc

A revisit of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Turkey: new evidence from bootstrap rolling window causality

Abstract

This study aims at analyzing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for Turkey, spanning the period of 1961–2013. Unlike previous studies, instead of carbon emissions, the ecological footprint is used as a proxy for environmental degradation. Moreover, a bootstrap time-varying causality approach is used to detect the possible changes in causal relations and to obtain the parameters across subsample periods. The results clearly indicate that there are feedback relationships between economic growth and the ecological footprint in some subsample periods. In addition, the impact of economic growth on environmental degradation is positive and has a slowly increasing trend in all subsample periods. Therefore, the EKC hypothesis is not confirmed for the Turkish economy. Based on these results, some crucial policy implications are suggested.

https://ift.tt/2xwBEoi

A rare cause of unilateral facial rash

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.

https://ift.tt/2NVI7U0

Influence of the amplitude of different side-to-side toothbrushes on noncontact biofilm removal

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate the impact of the lateral deflection of toothbrush bristles (amplitude) of three side-to-side toothbrushes for noncontact biofilm removal in an artificial interdental space model.

Materials and methods

A three-species biofilm (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sanguinis) was formed in vitro on protein-coated titanium disks. A flow chamber system was combined with a static biofilm growth model. The amplitudes of three commercial side-to-side toothbrushes were evaluated by means of a dose response analysis. The amplitudes were decreased in steps (100%, 85%, 70%, 55%, and 40%). Subsequently, the biofilm-coated substrates were exposed to the toothbrushes. The biofilms were analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscope images and measured using volumetric analyses.

Results

The predictability of interdental biofilm reduction differed among the toothbrushes. A lower variety in the results of repeated experiments occurred in toothbrush C compared to toothbrushes A and B. Toothbrush C obtained highest percentage of biofilm reduction by 85% of amplitude power setting (median biofilm reduction 76%). Decreasing the amplitude from 85 to 40% resulted in reduced biofilm reduction (p = 0.029). In contrast, no significance could be observed for the differences of the tested amplitudes within toothbrushes A and B (p > 0.05). Between the toothbrushes, a significant difference in interdental biofilm reduction was found between C-A (p = 0.029) and C-B (p = 0.029) with amplitude of 85%.

Conclusions

The amplitude of one of the investigated side-to-side toothbrushes affected the biofilm reduction predictably in an interdental space model.

Clinical relevance

Within certain toothbrushes, a specific amplitude power setting may demonstrate beneficial effects on noncontact biofilm removal.

https://ift.tt/2phALfM

The physical and chemical disruption of human hair after bleaching – studies by transmission electron microscopy and redox proteomics

International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

https://ift.tt/2MQA4DC