LAMP‐2A ablation in hippocampal CA1 astrocytes confers cerebroprotection and ameliorates neuronal injury after global brain ischemia

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader LAMP‐2A ablation in hippocampal CA1 astrocytes confers cerebroprotection and ameliorates neuronal injury after global brain ischemia via Brain Pathology Hippocampal astrocytic LAMP-2A knockdown inhibits astrocyte activation, maintains the integrity of neuronal morphology, and ameliorates cognitive deficits after transient global cerebral ischemia. Abstract Reactive astrogliosis and neuronal death are major features of brain tissue damage after transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The CA1 subfield in the hippocampus is particularly susceptible to cell death after I/R. Recently, attention has focused on the relationship between the autophagy–lysosomal pathway and cerebral ischemia. Lysosomal-associated membrane protein type-2A (LAMP-2A) is a key protein in chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). However, LAMP-2A expression in astrocytes of the hippocampus and its influence on brain injury following I/R remain unknown. Here, we show that LAMP-2A is elevated in astrocytes of the CA1 hippocampal subfield after I/R and in primary cultured astrocytes after transient oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). Conditional LAMP-2A knockdown in CA1 astrocytes inhibited astrocyte activation and prevented neuronal death by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis after I/R, suggesting that elevated astrocytic LAMP-2A contributes to regional ischemic vulnerability. Furthermore, astrocytic LAMP-2A ablation ameliorated the spatial learning and memory deficits caused by I/R. Conditional astrocytic LAMP-2A knockdown also prevented the loss of hippocampal synapses and dendritic spines, improved the synaptic ultrastructure, and inhibited the reduced expression of synaptic proteins after ischemia. Thus, our findings demonstrate that astrocytic LAMP-2A expression increases upon I/R and that LAMP-2A ablation specifically in hippocampal astrocytes contributes to cerebroprotection, suggesting a novel neuroprotective strategy for patients with global ischemia. View on Web

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Cost‐effectiveness analysis of silver diamine fluoride to divert dental general anaesthesia compared to standard care

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cost‐effectiveness analysis of silver diamine fluoride to divert dental general anaesthesia compared to standard care via Australian Dental Journal ABSTRACT Background The aim is to perform a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of a silver diamine fluoride (SDF) protocol intervention to divert dental general anaesthesia (DGA) among Victorian children aged 2- 10 years. Methods Data inputs was based on an Australian single-cohort 2017/18 study. Intervention costs for standard care were derived from two subgroups of children: 1) children who received standard care without DGA, and 2) children who received standard care with DGA. Two scenarios were modelled due to limited post-follow-up data: 1) children receiving SDF had standard care without DGA (base-case scenario), and 2) children receiving SDF did not receive standard care without DGA (alternative scenario). A simple decision-tree model with probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) estimated the incremental costs per diverted DGA. Results The probability of children requiring specialist referral and offered SDF, but the primary carer opted for DGA is 0.124 (SD 0.034), and the probability of children requiring DGA in standard care is 0.346 (SD 0.036). For both the base-case and alternative scenario, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio outcome is dominant and their cost-effectiveness being either 74.8% or 100%, respectively. Conclusions The SDF protocol intervention is cost-effective dental caries management option for young children where referral for DGA is considered. © 2022 Australian Dental Association. View on Web

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SARS‐CoV‐2‐encoded Inhibitors of Human LINE‐1 Retrotransposition

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader SARS‐CoV‐2‐encoded Inhibitors of Human LINE‐1 Retrotransposition via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing a devastating impact on public health worldwide. However, details concerning the profound impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host cells remain elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral proteins on the intracellular activity of long interspersed element 1 (L1) retrotransposons using well-established reporter systems. Several non-structural or accessory proteins (Nsps) of SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., Nsp1, Nsp3, Nsp5, and Nsp14) significantly suppress human L1 mobility, and these viral L1 inhibitors generate a complex network that modulates L1 transposition. Specifically, Nsp1 and Nsp14 inhibit the intracellular accumulation of L1 open reading frame proteins (ORF1p), whereas Nsp3, Nsp5, and Nsp14 repress the reverse transcriptase activity of L1 ORF2p. Given recent findings concerning the roles of L1 in antiviral immune activation and host genome instability, the anti- L1 activities mediated by SARS-CoV-2-encoded inhibitors suggest that SARS-CoV-2 employs different strategies to optimize the host genetic environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Overexpression of NIMA related kinase 2 in multiple myeloma and its relevance with disease features and prognosis to bortezomib treatment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Overexpression of NIMA related kinase 2 in multiple myeloma and its relevance with disease features and prognosis to bortezomib treatment via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics A total of 76 multiple myeloma (MM) patients and 30 health donors (HDs) were enrolled to collect bone marrow plasma cells for NIMA related kinase 2 (NEK2) detection using RT-qPCR. Meanwhile, NEK2 siRNA was transfected into the RPMI-8226 and KMS-11 cells (MM cell lines), subsequently their cell viability was evaluated using CCK8 reagent. NEK2 expression was higher in MM patients compared with HDs. Besides, elevated NEK2 expression associated with the occurrence of the bone lesion and t (4; 14). Additionally, elevated NEK2 expression correlated with declined objective response rate (ORR) and shorter progression-free survival (PFS). What is more, NEK2 silence decreased the cell viability under bortezomib treatment and the IC50 value of bortezomib in RPMI-8226 and KMS-11 cells (MM cell lines). Abstract What is Known and Objective NIMA related kinase 2 (NEK2) promotes the malignant transformation and enhances the chemoresistance to proteasome inhibitor in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. The current study aimed to further investigate its correlation with clinical features and responsiveness to bortezomib treatment in MM patients. Methods Totally, 76 MM patients and 30 health donors (HDs) were enrolled to collect bone marrow plasma cells for NEK2 detection using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Meanwhile, NEK2 siRNA was transfected into the RPMI-8226 and KMS-11 cells, subsequently their cell viability was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 reagent after treatment with different doses of bortezomib. Results and Discussion NEK2 expression was higher in MM patients compared with HDs (Z = −5.123, p < 0.001). Besides, elevated NEK2 expression was associated with the occurrence of the bone lesion (χ 2 = 4.610, p = 0.032) and t (4; 14) (χ 2 = 3.971, p = 0.046). Additionally, elevated NEK2 expression was correlated with declined objective response rate (ORR) (χ 2 = 4.808, p = 0.028), but not with complete response (CR) (χ 2 = 2.341, p = 0.126). More importantly, elevated NEK2 expression was correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (χ 2 = 8.352, p = 0.039), but not with overall survival (OS) (χ 2 = 5.624, p = 0.131), What is more, NEK2 silence decreased the cell viability under bortezomib treatment and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of bortezomib in RPMI-8226 and KMS-11 cell lines (all p < 0.05). What is New and Conclusion NEK2 overexpression links with occurrence of bone lesion, t (4; 14), and poor prognosis to bortezomib treatment in MM patients. View on Web

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Relationships between squamous cell carcinoma antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment values and renal function in oral cancer patients

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Relationships between squamous cell carcinoma antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment values and renal function in oral cancer patients via International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery via MedWorm.com Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) are used to screen and monitor oral cancer patients. However, recent studies have reported that tumour markers become elevated as renal function decreases, regardless of tumour progression. A retrospective study was performed of 423 oral cancer patients who underwent blood testing for these tumour markers and other blood analytes during a 10-year period. The values of SCC-Ag and CYFRA increased significantly with decreasing renal function (P   (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) View on Web

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Association between human papillomavirus infection and malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Association between human papillomavirus infection and malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis via ScienceDirect Publication: American Journal of Otolaryngology Publication date: Available online 11 September 2022 Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology Author(s): Fabio Ferreli, Matteo Di Bari, Antoine Moya-Plana, Federica Canzano, Emanuela Morenghi, Armando De Virgilio, Giuseppe Mercante, Giuseppe Spriano, Giovanni Colombo View on Web

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