The muscular branching patterns of the ulnar nerve in fetal forearms

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The muscular branching patterns of the ulnar nerve in fetal forearms Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2022 Jan 23. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02870-y. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: We aimed to present our findings systematically by examining the muscular branching patterns of the ulnar nerve (UN) in the forearms of fetuses. METHODS: This study was conducted on the 52 forearms of 26 formalin-fixed fetal cadavers with gestational ages varying between 19 and 37 weeks. The anatomical dissection was performed by using stereomicroscope with × 8 m agnification. The numbers of muscular branches leaving UN and their order of leaving main nerve were noted down. The findings were classified according to the muscles they reached, and branching typing was done. RESULTS: It was found that a total of 2-6 muscular branches left UN to reach flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). UN was classified by separating into five main types according to the number of muscular branches, and these types were classified into 16 different branching patterns according to the order of branches leaving from the main trunk and going to FCU and FDP. The pattern where two branches left UN was classified as Type I (n = 6), three branches left was classified as Type II (n = 18), four branches left was classified as Type III (n = 24), five branches left was classified as Type IV (n = 3), and six branches left was classified as Type V (n = 1). Martin-Gruber connection occurred in 17 (32.7%) fetal forearms. CONCLUSION: We believe that the information that UN can demonstrate different branching patterns on the forearm can help the surgeons to prevent complications that may develop in potential nerve injury during the selection and transfer of relevant branch. PMID:35066639 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02870-y View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

MicroRNA-195-5p inhibits the progression of hemangioma via targeting SKI

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader MicroRNA-195-5p inhibits the progression of hemangioma via targeting SKI Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):165. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11088. Epub 2021 Dec 22. ABSTRACT Hemangioma (HA), which is characterized by aberrant endothelial cell proliferation in blood vessels, is a common tumor during infancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) collectively participate in the development of HA; however, the potential roles of miR-195-5p in HA are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of miR-195-5p in HA. In the present study, miR-195-5p was found to be downregulated in HA cells, such as the XPTS-1 human infantile hemangioma-derived endothelial cell line and the EOMA hemangioendothelioma cell line. Overexpression of miR-195-5p was shown to suppress HA cell viability, colony formation and proliferation, and induced HA cell apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-195-5p downregulated Bcl-2 expression and upregulated Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels. V-ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (SKI) was ident ified as a target of miR-195-5p. Co-transfection of miR-195-5p mimics and SKI 3'-untranslated region wild-type decreased HA cell luciferase activity. SKI overexpression alleviated the miR-195-5p-induced decrease in HA cell proliferation and increased HA cell apoptosis. In addition, the regulatory role of miR-195-5p on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase was reversed by SKI. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-195-5p suppressed HA progression and its effects were mediated via SKI. Therefore, the miR-195-5p/SKI axis may represent a novel therapeutic target for HA. PMID:35069846 | PMC:PMC8753966 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11088 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Adult female acne: Clinical and therapeutic particularities (Review)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Adult female acne: Clinical and therapeutic particularities (Review) Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):151. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11074. Epub 2021 Dec 16. ABSTRACT Acne is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit that was traditionally viewed as a disease of the adolescence. However, over the past several years, an increasing number of adult women have been reported to suffer from this condition. The prevalence of adult female acne ranges between 12 and 54%. Two clinical types can be distinguished in this population, a 'retentional' and an 'inflammatory' type, which usually tend to overlap. In terms of evolution, three main subtypes can be identified: Persistent acne, which is the most frequent subtype, late-onset acne and recurrent acne. This type of acne is mainly mild-to-moderate in severity and may be refractory to conventional treatment. The etiopathogenesis is complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. It appears to involve an interaction among genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, and chronic activation of the innate immune system overlapping with external factors, such as daily stress, Western-type diet, use of tobacco and cosmetics. The treatment may be challenging and a holistic approach is required, with special attention to the individual needs and particularities of adult women. Both topical and systemic treatments are available, with hormonal therapies being of special value in this population. The aim of the present article was to provide up-to-date, evidence-based information on the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis and treatment of adult female acne. PMID:35069832 | PMC:PMC8753972 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11074 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effect of Src tyrosine kinase on a rat model of asthma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of Src tyrosine kinase on a rat model of asthma Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):172. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11095. Epub 2021 Dec 27. ABSTRACT Src tyrosine kinase is a protein encoded by the Src gene. The present study aimed to determine the role of Src protein kinase in asthma using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Several Src siRNAs were designed and the most effective siRNA pair was selected. A rat model of asthma was established using ovalbumin, and the rats were treated with Src siRNA, empty vector or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A non-asthmatic control group was also established. The rats were clinically observed and Src mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Pathological observation of the lung tissue, counting of white blood cells (WBCs) and eosinophils (EOSs) and analysis of the concentrations of IL-5, IL-33 and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were performed. The expression levels of Src mRNA in the control, PBS, empty vector and siRNA groups were 110±30.7x103, 253±55.4x103, 254±41.3x103 and 180±50.9x103, respectively. Histochemical analysis of the lung tissue of rats in the siRNA group exhibited a relatively complete lung structure and little damage to the alveolar cavity. Src protein expression and IL-5, IL-33 levels, WBC and EOS levels were positively correlated with Src mRNA expression, while the IFN-γ concentration was negatively correlated with Src mRNA expression. These results indicate that Src knockdown inhibits the release of tracheal inflammatory factors and significantly alleviates asthma in rats. In conclusion, the present study utilized a gene transfer technique to interfere with the expression of Src in rats, which decreased the levels of IL-5, IL-33, WBCs and EOSs and increased the level of IFN-γ; these changes effectively ameliorated the condition of the trachea in asthmatic rats. PMID:35069853 | PMC:PMC8764580 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11095 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Potential biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction based on co-expression network analysis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Potential biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction based on co-expression network analysis Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Feb;23(2):162. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.11085. Epub 2021 Dec 21. ABSTRACT Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of death in numerous countries. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the disease and analyzing potential biomarkers of AMI is crucial. However, specific diagnostic biomarkers have thus far not been fully established and candidate regulatory targets for AMI remain to be determined. In the present study, the AMI gene chip dataset GSE48060 comprising blood samples from control subjects with normal cardiac function (n=21) and patients with AMI (n=26) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the AMI and control groups were identified with the online tool GEO2R. The co-expression network of DEGs was analyzed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient of all gene pairs, mutual rank screening and cutoff threshold screening. Subsequently, the Gene Ontology (GO) database was used to analyze the genes' functions and pathway enrichment of genes in the most important modules was performed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Disease and BioCyc were used to analyze the hub genes in the module to determine important sub-pathways. In addition, the expression of hub genes was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in AMI and control specimens. In the present study, 52 DEGs, including 26 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes, were identified. As key hub genes, three upregulated genes (AKR1C3, RPS24 and P2RY12) and three downregulated genes (ACSL1, B3GNT5 and MGAM) were identified from the co-expression network. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis of all AMI co-expression network genes revealed functional enrichment mainly in 'RAGE receptor binding' and 'negative regulation of T cell cytokine production'. In addition, KEGG Disease and BioCyc analysis indicated functional enrichment of the genes RPS24 a nd P2RY12 in 'cardiovascular diseases', of AKR1C3 in 'cardenolide biosynthesis', of MGAM in 'glycogenolysis', of B3GNT5 in 'glycosphingolipid biosynthesis' and of ACSL1 in 'icosapentaenoate biosynthesis II'. In conclusion, the hub genes AKR1C3, RPS24, P2RY12, ACSL1, B3GNT5 and MGAM are potential markers of AMI, and have potential application value in the diagnosis of AMI. PMID:35069843 | PMC:PMC8753964 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.11085 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The Effect of (Val)ganciclovir on Hearing in Congenital Cytomegalovirus: A Systematic Review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effect of (Val)ganciclovir on Hearing in Congenital Cytomegalovirus: A Systematic Review Via The Laryngoscope Objective To search for existing evidence of a beneficial effect of (val)ganciclovir on hearing in children with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection and to identify future research questions. Study Design Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, searches were performed in PUBMED, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE on December 15, 2021. Methods Studies providing ear-specific hearing results after treating children with cCMV-related hearing loss with (val)ganciclovir were retained. A meta-analysis [Peto odds ratio (OR), Review Manager 5.3] was performed to compare hearing outcome between treated and untreated children. The National Institutes of Health tool was used for quality assessment and heterogeneity was assessed with I 2 statistics. Results Eighteen studies with a total of 682 treated patients were included for the systematic review. Our meta-analysis showed that treating symptomatic children with hearing loss resulted in more hearing improvement [Peto OR 7.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.08–19.34] and less hearing deterioration (Peto OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10–0.57). Relative to an improvement and deterioration rate of 9.4% and 28.2% in an untreated group, the rate of the treated group was 44.5% and 6.3%, respectively. Conclusions There is sufficient evidence in literature to support treatment with (val)ganciclovir of children with symptomatic cCMV and hearing loss. However, still today, there is insufficient evidence of the potential beneficial role of (val)ganciclovir on hearing outcome of children with isolated hearing loss, late-onset hearing loss, and asymptomatic cCMV. The urgent need for future prospective, randomized clinical trials still exists. A standardization of definitions and treatment protocols would create uniformity in future studies. Laryngoscope, 2022 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia: A Case Report of a Red Herring

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia: A Case Report of a Red Herring Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Asian J Neurosurg. 2021 Dec 18;16(4):895-898. doi: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_239_21. eCollection 2021 Oct-Dec. ABSTRACT Mild intracranial hypotension can lead to classically recognizable symptoms such as positional headaches, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally blurred vision. Less commonly, severe cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypovolemia can lead to a life-threatening condition that mimics intracranial hypertension, including transtentorial herniation and subsequent rapid neurologic decline. In this report we present a unique case of severe intracranial hypotension from a thoracic tumor resection that led to symptoms initially mistaken for intracranial hypertension, however ultimately correctly diagnosed as severe CSF hypovolemia that improved with dural repair. Additionally, we describe a rare angiography finding associated with CSF hypovolemia, kinking of the basilar artery. Here we report a 47-year-old female with neurofibromatosis Type 2 found to ha ve a T3 intradural extramedullary tumor. She initially presented with urinary incontinence and gait/balance difficulty. She underwent thoracic laminectomies at T3 and T4 for the excision of the lesion. She was discharged on postoperative day 4. On postoperative day 9, she was noted to have nausea, vomiting, and decreased consciousness. Head computed tomography (CT) demonstrated acute downward herniation. She was transferred to our institution from a community facility obtunded and was intubated for airway protection. She was placed in the Trendelenburg position with immediate improvement, and declined every time her head was raised. Angiogram showed significant kinking of her basilar artery. A CT myelogram revealed a CSF leak from her recent thoracic surgery. She underwent exploration of her thoracic wound, and a ventral durotomy was repaired. Following this, she began to tolerate the head of bed elevations and recovered back to her neurologic baseline. A postoperative head CT angio graphy obtained before discharge showed improvement of her basilar kink. Mild intracranial hypotension is a common finding in patients who undergo procedures that enter the CSF space. Severe intracranial hypotension can easily be missed diagnosed as the signs on the exam are similar to patients with signs of intracranial hypertension. It is of paramount importance that the clinician recognizes brain sag, as the treatment algorithms are vastly different from that of intracranial hypertension leading to transtentorial herniation. PMID:35071098 | PMC:PMC8751512 | DOI:10.4103/ajns.ajns_239_21 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Hearing outcome after tympanoplasty type III

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Hearing outcome after tympanoplasty type III Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 24. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07190-w. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: We assessed overall hearing outcome after tympanoplasty type III in chronically infected ears with cholesteatoma (CH) and without cholesteatoma: otitis media chronica mesotympanalis, tympanosclerosis, and adhesive process (COM_T_AP). METHODS: 303 surgeries were evaluated: 229 CH-group and 74 COM_T_AP-group. Air-bone gaps (PTA-ABG) with pure-tone averages (PTA-4) at four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) were compared preoperatively, early postoperatively (< 40 days) and late postoperatively (40-400 days). Hearing outcome was compared in various types of middle-ear reconstruction and in smokers and non-smokers. Correlations between hearing outcome and predictive staging indices were evaluated: Middle Ear Risk-Index (MER-I) and Ossiculoplasty Outcome Parameter Staging-Index (OOPS-I). RESULTS: Mean PTA-ABG in th e CH-group increased from 20.9 ± 11.3 dB to 22.3 ± 10.4 dB early postoperatively and decreased significantly to 19.2 ± 10.1 dB late postoperatively. Mean PTA-ABG in the COM_T_AP-group decreased significantly from 27.3 ± 10.9 dB to 20.6 ± 10.9 dB early postoperatively and decreased to 20.0 ± 12.2 dB late postoperatively. No significant difference was seen between PTA-ABG-closures of partial or total ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP/TORP) and cartilage ossiculoplasty in the CH-group. Patients receiving TORP showed a significantly higher preoperative PTA-ABG. All reconstruction types exhibited postoperative PTA-ABG around 20 dB. In the COM_T_AP-group, smokers had a significantly higher mean PTA-ABG early postoperatively; this equalized with that of non-smokers late postoperatively. PTA-ABG-closures and MER-I or OOPS-I were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSION: Tympanoplasty type III maintains hearing in patients with cholesteatoma and significantly improves hearin g in chronically inflamed ears without cholesteatoma. All investigated ossicular replacement prostheses are equally beneficial. Healing postoperatively takes longer in smokers, but they eventually catch up with non-smokers. PMID:35072768 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07190-w View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.