Clinical efficacy of 0.5% topical mangosteen extract in nanoparticle loaded gel in treatment of mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris: A 12‐week, split‐face, double‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial

Summary

Background

Acne vulgaris is the most common inflammatory sebaceous gland disorder in young adults. The resistant strains of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) are of increasing concern in the treatment of acne.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of 0.5% topical mangosteen extract in nanoparticle loaded gel (containing alpha‐mangostin) compared with 1% clindamycin gel for treatment of mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris.

Methods

Patients aged 18‐40 years were enrolled in this double‐blinded, split‐face, randomized, control study. The 2.5% benzoyl peroxide cream was applied to both sides of the faces once daily for 5 minutes and washed off. Each patient was randomly treated with the mangosteen fruit rind extract on one side and 1% clindamycin on another side of the face twice daily for 12 weeks. Treatment efficacies and side effects were evaluated on every follow‐up.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients, 24 female (85.7%), mean ± SD age of 25.14 ± 5.8, with Global Acne Grading system (GAGs) score of 15.43 ± 5.96 were included. Mangosteen fruit rind extract significantly showed significant 66.86% and 67.05% reduction of comedone and inflammatory lesions (P < 0.001) after 12‐week treatment. The improvement on both treated sides significantly showed since 2 weeks after treatment, without statistical difference between two groups. Nonetheless, the mangosteen fruit rind extract revealed significantly better improvement of clinical severity, with no severe side effects.

Conclusions

The mangosteen fruit rind extract formation could be a phytopharmaceutical medication for effective treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris treatment comparable to 1% clindamycin gel, with no severe side effects.

http://bit.ly/2FToFUs

Effect of internal derangements and degenerative bone changes on the minimum thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa in temporomandibular joint

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of internal derangements and degenerative bone changes on the minimum thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (RGF).

Methods

MRI and cone beam CT records of temporomandibular joints (TMJ) of 68 patients were evaluated retrospectively in this study. The joints were divided into three groups according to TMJ disc status which had been diagnosed in MRI: normal disc status, anterior disc displacement with reduction, and anterior disc displacement without reduction. Cone beam CT was used to evaluate the degenerative bone changes of TMJ and to measure the minimum thickness of RGF. The joints were categorized as "with osteoarthritis (OA)" or "without OA". The findings of OA were determined as erosion, osteophyte, flattening, sclerosis, and pseudocyst.

Results

No significant relationship was found between gender and the thickness of RGF (p > 0.05). RGF was found significantly higher in "with OA" group compared to "without OA" group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between disc displacement groups for minimum thickness of RGF (p > 0.005). No significant difference was found between condyles without erosion and condyles with erosion for the minimum thickness of RGF (p = 0.272). In the present study, osteophyte, sclerosis, flattening, and pseudocyst were found to be associated with the minimum thickness of RGF.

Conclusions

Osteophyte, flattening, pseudocyst, and sclerosis have an influence on RGF thickness. The minimum thickness of RGF is not significantly correlated with internal derangements. Erosion is not significantly correlated with RGF thickness. RGF thickness may be unaffected by the early stages of OA.

http://bit.ly/2Sa8nft

Involvement of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in l -Kynurenine-Mediated Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide Expression

Abstract

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), produced by specific cancers such as lung cancer, profoundly influences the formation of bone metastatic lesions via the "vicious cycle" of tumor growth and bone resorption. The changes in gene expression regulated by the abnormal microenvironment components play key roles in maintaining the biological characteristics of cells, such as the organotropism of cancer metastasis. A recent study has shown that l-kynurenine (l-Kyn), one of microenvironment components, induced a substantial increase in the metastasis of lung cancer cells. What remains unclear, however, is the linkage between l-Kyn and bone metastatic lesions. In the present paper, we found that a significant upregulation of PTHrP expression was detected when 95D cells, a lung cancer cell line, were incubated with 50 μM of l-Kyn. Meanwhile, l-Kyn (50/100 μM) strongly strengthened aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) expression. Additionally, l-Kyn (50 μM) increased the expression of the nuclear translocation of Ahr and cytochrome P450 1A1. Most importantly, the l-Kyn-induced upregulation of migration was significantly reduced when cells were co-incubated with siRNA_Ahr. Notably, the l-Kyn-mediated increase in PTHrP was also substantially attenuated upon siRNA_Ahr treatment in 95D cells. These results suggest that Ahr is involved in the l-Kyn-induced enhancement of PTHrP expression.

http://bit.ly/2Hygizm

The impact of environmental pollution on the quality of mother's milk

Abstract

Breastfeeding is a gold standard of neonate nutrition because human milk contains a lot of essential compounds crucial for proper development of a child. However, milk is also a biofluid which can contain environmental pollution, which can have effects on immune system and consequently on the various body organs. Polychlorinated biphenyls are organic pollutants which have been detected in human milk. They have lipophilic properties, so they can penetrate to fatty milk and ultimately to neonate digestive track. Another problem of interest is the presence in milk of heavy metals—arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury—as these compounds can lead to disorders in production of cytokines, which are important immunomodulators. The toxicants cause stimulation or suppression of this compounds. This can lead to health problems in children as allergy, disorders in the endocrine system, end even neurodevelopment delay and disorder. Consequently, correlations between pollutants and bioactive components in milk should be investigated. This article provides an overview of environmental pollutants found in human milk as well as of the consequences of cytokine disorder correlated with presence of heavy metals.

Graphical abstract

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http://bit.ly/2RTgii9

Reactive granulomatous dermatitis in association with topiramate ingestion

http://bit.ly/2FWqtfx

Scar sarcoidosis: 11 patients with variable clinical features and invariable pulmonary involvement

http://bit.ly/2G1IlVn

Extensive purpuric lesions due to vitamin C deficiency and leucocytoclastic vasculitis as the initial sign of lung adenocarcinoma

http://bit.ly/2FRmEbd

Clinical Thyroidology® for the Public – Highlighted Article

From Clinical Thyroidology^® for the Public: Adding mycophenolate to infusions of methylprednisolone improves treatment of Graves' eye disease. Read More…

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Automatic classification and removal of structured physiological noise for resting state functional connectivity MRI analysis

Publication date: Available online 26 January 2019

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Kangjoo Lee, Hui Ming Khoo, Constance Fourcade, Jean Gotman, Christophe Grova

Abstract

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to study how brain regions are functionally connected by measuring temporal correlation of the fMRI signals, when a subject is at rest. Sparse dictionary learning is used to estimate a dictionary of resting state networks by decomposing the whole brain signals into several temporal features (atoms), each being shared by a set of voxels associated to a network. Recently, we proposed and validated a new method entitled Sparsity-based Analysis of Reliable K-hubness (SPARK), suggesting that connector hubs of brain networks participating in inter-network communication can be identified by counting the number of atoms involved in each voxel (sparse number k). However, such hub analysis can be corrupted by the presence of noise-related atoms, where physiological fluctuations in cardiorespiratory processes may remain even after band-pass filtering and regression of confound signals from the white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Handling this issue might require manual classification of noisy atoms, which is a time-consuming and subjective task. Motivated by the fact that the physiological fluctuations are often localized in tissues close to large vasculatures, i.e. sagittal sinus, we propose an automatic classification of physiological noise-related atoms for SPARK using spatial priors and a stepwise regression procedure. We measured the degree to which the noise-characteristic time-courses within the mask are explained by each atom, and classified noise-related atoms using a subject-specific threshold estimated using a bootstrap resampling based strategy. Using real data from healthy subjects (N = 25), manual classification of the atoms by two independent reviewers showed the presence of sagittal sinus related noise in 65% of the runs. Applying the same manual classification after the proposed automatic removal method reduced this rate to 19%. A 10-fold cross-validation on real data showed good specificity and accuracy of the proposed automated method in classifying the target noise (area under the ROC curve= 0.89), when compared to the manual classification considered as the reference. We demonstrated decrease in k-hubness values in the voxels involved in the sagittal sinus at both individual and group levels, suggesting a significant improvement of SPARK, which is particularly important when considering clinical applications.

http://bit.ly/2MyHqwM