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Τρίτη 20 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016

CONDYDAV : étude observationnelle multicentrique des patients présentant des condylomes dans les dispensaires antivénériens en France

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Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): J. Chanal, S. Fouéré, F. Yassir-Oria, N. Spenatto, F. Bouscarat, E. Picot, P. Martinet, C. Vernay-Vaisse, F. Pelletier, C. Courtieu, V. Baclet, C. Bernier, D. Aymar-Moulene, F. Dupuis-Fourdan, A. Passeron, C. Bara-Passot, A.-L. Pinault, L. Misery, M. Janier, N. Dupin
IntroductionLes condylomes sont un des premiers motifs de consultation dans les centres de maladies sexuellement transmissibles (MST). Depuis 2007, la vaccination contre les papillomavirus humains (PVH) est autorisée en France. L'objectif de notre étude était de déterminer la prévalence des condylomes et le profil clinique et épidémiologique des patients avec condylomes consultant dans des centres de MST.Patients et méthodesÉtude observationnelle prospective multicentrique, non interventionnelle, analysant les données épidémiologiques et cliniques des patients porteurs de condylomes ainsi que les traitements utilisés dans 15 centres de MST entre le 1er janvier et le 31 mars 2012.RésultatsOnt été inclus 372 hommes et 111 femmes ; l'âge moyen était de 31,2ans. Les femmes étaient plus jeunes que les hommes (respectivement 28,9 et 31,7ans, p<0,05). Quatre cent quatorze patients étaient hétérosexuels et 66 étaient des hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes (HSH). Chez les hommes, 230 avaient une atteinte du pénis isolée et 46 une atteinte de l'anus isolée. En tout, 76 avaient une atteinte de l'anus, dont 26 étaient HSH. Chez les femmes, 76 avaient une atteinte de la vulve isolée et 22 une co-infection de la vulve et de l'anus. L'atteinte anale était significativement plus fréquente chez les HSH et les femmes que chez les hommes hétérosexuels (p<0,0001 et p=0,004, respectivement). Trois femmes avaient été vaccinées : deux par Gardasil® et une par Cervarix®. Le traitement de première intention était la cryothérapie dans les deux groupes.ConclusionUn examen complet, notamment anal, doit être effectué chez les femmes et chez les HSH. Une globalisation de la vaccination anti-HPV devrait permettre une réduction des infections et l'implantation d'une stratégie globale de contrôle de la maladie.BackgroundSince 2007 in France, human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination has been licensed for use as a vaccine against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18. The impact on the epidemiology of external genital warts (EGWs) in a large population remains unclear.ObjectivesTo determine epidemiologic and clinical features of patients presenting EGWs in France in the era of HPV vaccination.Patients and methodsIn this prospective, observational study, we analyzed clinical features and treatments between January 1st, 2012 and March 31, 2012 for patients consulting for EGWs at 15 STI clinics throughout France.ResultsA total of 372 men and 111 women were included; mean age 31.2 years. The women were younger than the men (31.7 and 28.9 years respectively P<0.05). Among the patients, 416 (85.7%) were heterosexual, 13 bisexual and 54 (11.2%) homosexual, including one female. Males reported more sexual partners in the last 12 months (more than 3 partners in 32.6% versus 11.9%, P<0.01). Among the men, 230 had involvement of the penis alone and 46 had involvement of the anus alone. Seventy-six patients had EGWs of the anus, and of these 26 were MSM. In females, 76 had an infection of the vulva alone and 22 co-infection of the vulva and anus. MSM and females were at higher risk than heterosexual males for anal involvement (P<0.0001 and P=0.004, respectively). Three women had been vaccinated: two with Gardasil® and one with Cervarix®. Cryotherapy was the preferred treatment.ConclusionWith the advent of HPV vaccination, a global strategy for the prevention and treatment of EGW should be implemented.



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Nævus comédonien : mutations somatiques de NEK9

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Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): O. Dereure




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Apport de la microscopie confocale par réflectance dans le diagnostic d’érucisme oculocutané ou réaction aux poils de chenilles processionnaires

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Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): J.-L. Perrot, R. Julienne, M. Kaspi, B. Labeille, D. Grivet, A. Vercherin, F. Cambazard, E. Cinotti




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Scholar : These new articles for Asian Journal of Political Science are available online

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Symposium on Democratic Governance

Theory building: the debate between modernist and interpretive social science in the pursuit of democratic governance
Hon S. Chan
Pages: 1-9 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2016.1231072


Original Articles

Justification by the US and India for their border controls against illegal immigration
Lacin Idil Oztig
Pages: 1-16 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2016.1226910


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Original Articles

Validation of the assessment of living with aphasia in Singapore
Yiting Emily Guo, Leanne Togher, Emma Power & Rob Heard
Pages: 1-18 | DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2016.1230839


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Low-intensity laser (660 nm) on sternotomy healing in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft: a randomized, double-blind study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the healing effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the longitudinal sternotomy incisions of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The volunteers were randomized into three groups of equal size (n = 30): control, placebo, and laser (λ = 660 nm and spatial average energy fluency [SAEF] = 1.06 J/cm2). The patients in the laser group underwent irradiation on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, and 8, and their sternotomy incisions were photographed immediately after the surgery and 8 days later for analysis. Three researchers who were blinded to the patient treatment groups analyzed the incision photographs to assess hyperemia and wound closure on the day of hospital discharge (eighth postoperative day). The sternotomy incisions in the LLLT group demonstrated less hyperemia, incisional bleeding, and dehiscence (p ≤ 0.005).



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Effect of low-level laser therapy on angiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase-2 immunoexpression in wound repair

Abstract

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) induces anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activities in wound healing. However, the mechanism of action and optimal parameters require further clarification. In this study, we investigated the effects of LLLT on wound healing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 immunoexpression and angiogenic processes. Twenty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5) according to the treatments as follows. CG7 and CG14 were control groups at days 7 and 14, respectively, which received physiological saline (0.9 % NaCl daily). LG7 and LG14 were laser therapy groups at days 7 and 14, respectively, which received two (LG7) or four (LG14) LLLT applications (40 mW; 660 nm; 4 J/cm2). A dorsal skin sample in the wound area (measuring 2 cm2) was removed after the experimental period, and then the animals were euthanized. The specimens were processed for qualitative and quantitative histological analyses and measurement of MMP-2 expression in the dermis and epidermis. A persistent crust and moderate number of inflammatory cells were found in CG7 and CG14 groups. In the LG14 group, wounds demonstrated complete re-epithelization at the remodeling phase. Angiogenesis and MMP-2 expression were higher in LLLT-treated groups, particularly the LG14 group, which correlated according to the Spearman correlation test. LLLT improves wound healing by enhancing neocollagenesis, increasing the amount of new vessels formed in the tissue (neoangiogenesis), and modulating MMP-2 expression. Epidermal overexpression of MMP-2 was correlated to angiogenic processes.



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Original Articles

Democratic design experiments in urban planning – navigational practices and compositionist design
Peter Munthe-Kaas & Birgitte Hoffmann
Pages: 1-15 | DOI: 10.1080/15710882.2016.1233284


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Scholar : Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online.



This new issue contains the following articles:

Articles

Effects of the coupling process on shortwave radiative feedback during ENSO in FGOALS-g | Open Access
Ye PU, Yan-Li TANG & Li-Juan LI
Pages: 337-342 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1192454


Evaluation of the surface heat budget over the tropical Indian Ocean in two versions of FGOALS | Open Access
Ning CAO, Bao-Hua REN, Jian-Qiu ZHENG & Di XU
Pages: 343-351 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1199945


A weakly coupled data assimilation system of a coupled physical–biological model for the northeastern South China Sea | Open Access
Xia LI & Jiang ZHU
Pages: 352-360 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1201788


Freshening biases in the freshwater flux of CORE data | Open Access
Jiang-Bo JIN, Qing-Cun ZENG, Hai-Long LIU & Lin WU
Pages: 361-365 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1203244


Delving into the relationship between autumn Arctic sea ice and central–eastern Eurasian winter climate | Open Access
Shao-Yin WANG & Jiping LIU
Pages: 366-374 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1207482


Pathways of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the Indonesian Throughflow regions derived from satellite altimeter observation | Open Access
Teng-Fei XU, Ze-Xun WEI, Guo-Jiao CAO & Shu-Jiang LI
Pages: 375-380 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1208047


Applicability of an eddy covariance system based on a close-path quantum cascade laser spectrometer for measuring nitrous oxide fluxes from subtropical vegetable fields | Open Access
Dong WANG, Kai WANG, Eugenio DÍAZ-PINÉS, Xunhua ZHENG & Klaus BUTTERBACH-BAHL
Pages: 381-387 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1211468


MJO potential predictability and predictive skill in IAP AGCM 4.1 | Open Access
Kun WANG, Zhao-Hui LIN, Jian LING, Yue YU & Cheng-Lai WU
Pages: 388-393 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1211469


Real-time simulation and mechanistic analysis of a squall line case in East China | Open Access
Yang SU, Fan PING, Xin-Yong SHEN & Chun-Sheng MIAO
Pages: 394-400 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1219975


Erratum

Erratum | Open Access
Pages: 401-401 | DOI: 10.1080/16742834.2016.1232521


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High Prevalence of Back Pain and Axial Spondyloarthropathy in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, causing fistulating sinuses in the intertriginous skin of axillary, genitofemoral and perianal sites. Objective: As other chronic inflammatory diseases, e.g. psoriasis, are frequently associated with spondyloarthropathies (SpA), the goal of this study was to quantify the prevalence of back pain and SpA in HS patients. Methods: A prospective questionnaire survey in 100 HS patients and a retrospective evaluation of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in 46 HS patients were conducted. Results: 71% of HS patients were suffering from back pain. There was no difference between age at onset of HS, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), or disease severity between HS patients with and without back pain. Evaluating pelvic MRI scans, 32.6% of HS patients showed signs of chronic SpA and 39.1% signs of active SpA. Again, no significant differences between patients with/without SpA were found regarding age at time of MRI, age at onset of HS, disease duration, smoking habits, and BMI. Furthermore, there was no correlation between these parameters and the degree of SpA. Limitations: Only patients with moderate/severe HS (Hurley stage II and III) in genitofemoral/perianal sites were analysed via MRI scans. Conclusion: Back pain and SpA are very common among patients with moderate/severe HS. Neither medical history nor clinical parameters provide hints for the presence of SpA.
Dermatology

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PTPN2-deficiency exacerbates T follicular helper cell and B cell responses and promotes the development of autoimmunity

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Florian Wiede, Faruk Sacirbegovic, Yew Ann Leong, Di Yu, Tony Tiganis
Non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms that repress PTPN2 expression have been linked with the development of type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. PTPN2 attenuates CD8+ T cell responses to self and prevents overt autoreactivity in the context of T cell homeostasis and antigen cross-presentation. The role of PTPN2 in other immune subsets in the development of autoimmunity remains unclear. Here we show that the inducible deletion of PTPN2 in hematopoietic compartment of adult non-autoimmune prone mice results in systemic inflammation and autoimmunity. PTPN2-deficient mice had increased inflammatory monocytes, B cells and effector T cells in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues and exhibited symptoms of dermatitis, glomerulonephritis, pancreatitis and overt liver disease. Autoimmunity was characterised by the formation of germinal centers in the spleen and associated with markedly increased germinal center B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and circulating anti-nuclear antibodies, inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins. CD8+ T cell proliferative responses were enhanced, and interleukin-21-induced STAT-3 signalling in Tfh cells and B cells was increased and accompanied by enhanced B cell proliferation ex vivo. These results indicate that deficiencies in PTPN2 across multiple immune lineages, including naive T cells, Tfh cells and B cells, contribute to the development of autoimmunity.



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The role of dopamine in positive and negative prediction error utilization during incidental learning – insights from Positron Emission Tomography, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease

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Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016
Source:Cortex
Author(s): David Mathar, Leonora Wilkinson, Anna Holl, Jane Neumann, Lorenz Deserno, Arno Villringer, Marjan Jahanshahi, Annette Horstmann
Incidental learning of appropriate stimulus-response associations is crucial for optimal functioning within our complex environment. Positive and negative prediction errors (PEs) serve as neural teaching signals within distinct ('direct'/'indirect') dopaminergic pathways to update associations and optimize subsequent behavior. Using a computational reinforcement-learning model, we assessed learning from positive and negative PEs on a probabilistic task (Weather Prediction Task, [WPT]) in three populations that allow different inferences on the role of dopamine (DA) signals: (1) Healthy volunteers that repeatedly underwent [11C]raclopride Positron Emission Tomography, allowing for assessment of striatal DA release during learning, (2) Parkinson's disease (PD) patients tested both on and off L-DOPA medication, (3) early Huntington's disease (HD) patients, a disease that is associated with hyper-activation of the 'direct' pathway. Our results show that learning from positive and negative feedback on the WPT is intimately linked to different aspects of dopaminergic transmission. In healthy individuals, the difference in [11C]raclopride binding potential (BP) as a measure for striatal DA release was linearly associated with the positive learning rate. Further, asymmetry between baseline DA tone in the left and right ventral striatum was negatively associated with learning from positive PEs. Female patients with early HD exhibited exaggerated learning rates from positive feedback. In contrast, dopaminergic tone predicted learning from negative feedback, as indicated by an inverted-u-shaped association observed with baseline [11C]raclopride BP in healthy controls and the difference between PD patients' learning rate on and off dopaminergic medication. Thus, the ability to learn from positive and negative feedback is a sensitive marker for the integrity of dopaminergic signal transmission in the 'direct' and 'indirect' dopaminergic pathways. The present data are interesting beyond clinical context in that imbalances of dopaminergic signaling have not only been observed for neurological and psychiatric conditions but also been proposed for obesity and adolescence.



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Presence and distribution of leptin and leptin receptor in the canine gallbladder

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Sungin Lee, Aeri Lee, Oh-kyeong Kweon, Wan Hee Kim
The hormone leptin is produced by mature adipocytes and plays an important role in regulating food intake and energy metabolism through its interaction with the leptin receptor. In addition to roles in obesity and obesity-related diseases, leptin has been reported to affect the components and secretion of bile in leptin-deficient mice. Furthermore, gallbladder diseases such as cholelithiasis are known to be associated with serum leptin concentrations in humans. We hypothesized that the canine gallbladder is a source of leptin and that the leptin receptor may be localized in the gallbladder, where it plays a role in regulating the function of this organ. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence and expression patterns of leptin and its receptors in normal canine gallbladders using reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Clinically normal gallbladder tissue samples were obtained from four healthy beagle dogs with similar body condition scores. RT-PCR and sequencing of the amplified PCR products revealed the presence of leptin mRNA and its receptors in the gallbladder. Immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated the expression of leptin and its receptors in the luminal single columnar and tubuloalveolar glandular epithelial cells. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated the presence of leptin and its receptors in the gallbladders of dogs. Leptin and its receptor were both localized throughout the cytoplasm of luminal and glandular epithelial cells. These results suggested that the gallbladder is not only a source of leptin, but also a target of leptin though autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. The results of this study could increase the understanding of both the normal physiological functions of the gallbladder and the pathophysiological mechanisms of gallbladder diseases characterized by leptin system dysfunction.



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Scholar : These new articles for Anxiety, Stress, & Coping are available online

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Original Articles

Development and validation of the trait and state versions of the Post-Event Processing Inventory
Rebecca A. Blackie & Nancy L. Kocovski
Pages: 1-17 | DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1230668


Moral transgression during the Vietnam War: a path analysis of the psychological impact of veterans' involvement in wartime atrocities
Paul A. Dennis, Nora M. Dennis, Elizabeth E. Van Voorhees, Patrick S. Calhoun, Michelle F. Dennis & Jean C. Beckham
Pages: 1-14 | DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1230669


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Scholar : These new articles for Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science are available online

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Original Articles

Plant-available zinc fixation kinetics in semi-arid alkaline soils of the Southern High Plains
Theophilus K. Udeigwe, Madeleine Eichmann, Peter N. Eze, Jasper M. Teboh, Gondah M. Zolue & Obiageli P. Umeugochukwu
Pages: 1-12 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2016.1227068


Assimilate and nitrogen remobilization of six-rowed and two-rowed winter barley under drought stress at different nitrogen fertilization
Vahid Barati & Hossein Ghadiri
This is the author accepted version which has not been proofed or edited


Characterization of root morphology and root-derived low molecular weight organic acids in two sweet potato cultivars exposed to cadmium
Junliang Xin, Baifei Huang, Hongwen Dai & Yangxiu Mu
Pages: 1-12 | DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2016.1234041


Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger – Read the latest articles for free in our new article collection.

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Effects of nanoparticle on the dynamic behaviors of recycled aggregate concrete under impact loading

Publication date: 15 December 2016
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 112
Author(s): Wengui Li, Zhiyu Luo, Chu Long, Chengqing Wu, Wen Hui Duan, Surendra P. Shah
A 100mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was applied to investigate effects of nanoparticles on the dynamic mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) under impact loading. The nano-SiO2 (NS) and nano-CaCO3 (NC) were incorporated to replace cement by mass of 1 and 2% in RACs. The impact velocities were set as 7.7, 9.8 and 11.6m/s in the SHPB tests. The effects of nanoparticles on failure patterns, compressive strengths, elastic modulus, peak strain and dynamic increase factor (DIF) of RACs under different strain rates were analyzed and discussed. The results show that nanomodified RACs exhibit higher both quasi-static and dynamic compressive strengths compared to control RAC. Dynamic elastic modulus of RAC seems not be affected by nanoparticle dosages and impact velocities. Compared to NC, NS is more effective to improve dynamic compressive strengths of RAC. On the other hand, the nanoparticles modified RACs exhibit lower DIF values than that of the control RAC. Moreover, NC obviously more reduces the DIF values of nanomodified RAC than NS.

Graphical abstract

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Scholar : These new articles for Bulletin of Spanish Studies are available online

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Original Articles

The Fabric of Saintly Proof: Leocadia of Toledo from Orrente to Calderón
Peter Cherry & Arantza Mayo
Pages: 1-32 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2016.1224500


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Riedel's thyroiditis association with IgG4-related disease

Abstract

Context

IgG4 positive (+) plasma cells have been reported in both Riedel's thyroiditis (RT) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). These cells are the hallmark of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).

Objective

We sought to determine if RT is part of IgG4-RD spectrum.

Design, Setting and Patients

This was a case-control study performed at a tertiary medical center. We included RT cases from the period 1958-2008 that had sufficient paraffin-embedded tissue for IgG4 immunostaining. Controls were HT patients, age and gender matched, with similar pathology criteria.

Main Outcome Measure

The main outcome measures were the intensity of the IgG4 staining and the clinical and histological correlates with IgG4-RD.

Results

Six pairs of RT and HT were analyzed. The mean age was 44.7 years. In both groups 5/6 cases had positive IgG4 staining. The mean number of IgG4+ cells/ HPF, normalized to the degree of inflammation, was 3.2 ± 3.0 SD (RT) vs. 0.9 ± 0.7 (HT), p=0.15, for fibrotic areas and 2.1 ± 2.3 SD vs. 1.0 ± 0.8 (p=0.39) for areas with lymphoid aggregates. We found the number of IgG4+ cells in RT to be inversely correlated with the duration of disease (p=0.046). Three RT cases had associated co-morbidities from the IgG4-RD spectrum while none of the HT cases had such conditions.

Conclusions

RT is a component of IgG4-RD with the density of the IgG4+ lymphocytic infiltrate being time dependent. In this small study we did not identify differences in IgG4 infiltration between RT and HT, minimizing the utility of this marker in RT diagnosis.

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Adherence to treatment in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Summary

Objective

Men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) typically require lifelong hormonal therapy and discontinuing treatment can have negative health consequences. Little is known about adherence to treatment or the psychosocial impact of CHH.

Design

A sequential, multiple methods approach was used. A quantitative online survey assessed adherence to treatment, depressive symptoms, and illness perceptions. Subsequently, qualitative focus groups explored patient-reported factors for adherence.

Patients

Adult men with CHH on at least one year of treatment were recruited internationally.

Measurements

Adherence (Morisky medication adherence scale), depressive symptoms (Zung self-rating depression scale), and patient perception of CHH (revised illness perception questionnaire) were assessed in an online survey and comparisons were made to reference groups. Patient focus group discussions were conducted and thematic analysis was employed to identify patient-reported factors for adherence.

Results

In total, 101 men on long-term treatment were included (mean age 37±11 yrs). More than half 58/101 (57%) exhibited low medication-adherence and a significantly elevated prevalence of mild, moderate, or severe depressive symptoms (27%, 17%, 20% respectively, all p<0.001 vs. reference population). Patients reported negative illness perceptions and significant psychosocial consequences. Focus group discussions (n=3, 26 total patients) identified patient-, health professional- and healthcare system- related barriers as targets for improving adherence.

Conclusions

CHH men are challenged to adhere to long-term treatment. Poor adherence may contribute to adverse effects on bone, sexual and psychological health. The psychosocial morbidity of CHH is significant and appears to be underappreciated by healthcare providers.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



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Erratum


Dermatology 2016;232:522

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Stretch Mark Removal: Treatments and Home Remedies

Stretch marks are a common problem affecting men and women of nearly all ages and skin types. Learn about the treatments and home remedies for them here.

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Sequential development of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver angiosarcoma in a vinyl chloride–exposed worker

Publication date: November 2016
Source:Human Pathology, Volume 57
Author(s): Maria Guido, Samantha Sarcognato, Guido Pelletti, Matteo Fassan, Bruno Murer, Rossella Snenghi
Strong experimental and clinical evidences have definitely linked occupational vinyl chloride exposure to development of angiosarcoma of the liver. In contrast, despite the International Agency for Research on Cancer having included vinyl chloride among the causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, the association between vinyl chloride exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma remains debated. This issue is relevant, because occupational exposure to high levels of vinyl chloride may still occur. We report a unique case of sequential occurrences of hepatocellular carcinoma and angiosarcoma of the liver, in a vinyl chloride–exposed worker without cirrhosis and any known risk factor for chronic liver disease. Both the hepatocellular carcinoma and the surrounding normal liver showed micronucleus formation, which reflects genotoxic effect of vinyl chloride. Angiosarcoma showed a KRAS G12D point mutation, which is considered to be characteristic of vinyl chloride–induced angiosarcoma. This case supports the pathogenic role of vinyl chloride in both hepatocellular carcinoma and angiosarcoma development.



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Cerebellar Control of Eye Movements.

Background: The cerebellum plays a central role in the online, real-time control, and long-term modulation of eye movements. Evidence acquisition: We reviewed the latest (fifth) edition of Leigh and Zee's textbook, The Neurology of Eye Movements, and literature in PUBMED using the following terms: cerebellum, flocculus, paraflocculus, vermis, oculomotor vermis, dorsal vermis, caudal fastigial nucleus, fastigial oculomotor region, uvula, nodulus, ansiform lobule, eye movements, saccades, ipsipulsion, contrapulsion, smooth pursuit, vergence, convergence, divergence, gaze-holding, down beat nystagmus, vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), angular VOR, translational VOR, skew deviation, velocity storage. Results: The cerebellum is vital in optimizing the performance of all classes of gaze-shifting and gaze-stabilizing reflexes. The flocculus-paraflocculus are crucial to VOR gain and direction, pulse-step matching for saccades, pursuit gain, and gaze-holding. The oculomotor vermis and caudal fastigial nuclei are essential in saccadic adaptation and accuracy, and pursuit gain. The nodulus and ventral uvula are involved in processing otolothic signals and VOR responses, including velocity storage. Conclusions: The cerebellum guarantees the precision of ocular movements to optimize visual performance and occupies a central role in all classes of eye movements both in real-time control and in long-term calibration and learning (i.e., adaptation). (C) 2016 by North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

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Δευτέρα 19 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016

Texture Segregation Causes Early Figure Enhancement and Later Ground Suppression in Areas V1 and V4 of Visual Cortex

Segregation of images into figures and background is fundamental for visual perception. Cortical neurons respond more strongly to figural image elements than to background elements, but the mechanisms of figure–ground modulation (FGM) are only partially understood. It is unclear whether FGM in early and mid-level visual cortex is caused by an enhanced response to the figure, a suppressed response to the background, or both.

We studied neuronal activity in areas V1 and V4 in monkeys performing a texture segregation task. We compared texture-defined figures with homogeneous textures and found an early enhancement of the figure representation, and a later suppression of the background. Across neurons, the strength of figure enhancement was independent of the strength of background suppression.

We also examined activity in the different V1 layers. Both figure enhancement and ground suppression were strongest in superficial and deep layers and weaker in layer 4. The current–source density profiles suggested that figure enhancement was caused by stronger synaptic inputs in feedback-recipient layers 1, 2, and 5 and ground suppression by weaker inputs in these layers, suggesting an important role for feedback connections from higher level areas. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms for figure–ground organization.



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Adolescent Development of Cortical and White Matter Structure in the NCANDA Sample: Role of Sex, Ethnicity, Puberty, and Alcohol Drinking

Brain structural development continues throughout adolescence, when experimentation with alcohol is often initiated. To parse contributions from biological and environmental factors on neurodevelopment, this study used baseline National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, acquired in 674 adolescents meeting no/low alcohol or drug use criteria and 134 adolescents exceeding criteria. Spatial integrity of images across the 5 recruitment sites was assured by morphological scaling using Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative phantom-derived volume scalar metrics. Clinical MRI readings identified structural anomalies in 11.4%. Cortical volume and thickness were smaller and white matter volumes were larger in older than in younger adolescents. Effects of sex (male > female) and ethnicity (majority > minority) were significant for volume and surface but minimal for cortical thickness. Adjusting volume and area for supratentorial volume attenuated or removed sex and ethnicity effects. That cortical thickness showed age-related decline and was unrelated to supratentorial volume is consistent with the radial unit hypothesis, suggesting a universal neural development characteristic robust to sex and ethnicity. Comparison of NCANDA with PING data revealed similar but flatter, age-related declines in cortical volumes and thickness. Smaller, thinner frontal, and temporal cortices in the exceeds-criteria than no/low-drinking group suggested untoward effects of excessive alcohol consumption on brain structural development.



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Does Exposure to Diagnostic Ultrasound Modulate Human Nerve Responses to Magnetic Stimulation?

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Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016
Source:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
Author(s): Neil W. Bailey, Philip M. Lewis, Richard H.S. Thomson, Jerome J. Maller, Paul Junor, Paul B. Fitzgerald
Ultrasound (US) at diagnostic frequency and power is known to alter nerve potentials; however, the precise mechanism of action is unknown. We investigated whether US alters resting nerve potential to lower the threshold for magnetic nerve stimulation. Seventeen healthy subjects were recruited. For each subject, a 1.5 MHz US imaging probe was placed onto the elbow with the beam directed at the ulnar nerve. The probe was coupled to the skin using standard acoustic coupling gel as would be done for a routine clinical US scan. Ulnar nerve stimulation was performed simultaneously with magnetic stimulation (MS). Successful magnetic stimulation of the ulnar nerve was confirmed with nerve potentials measured by electromyography. There was no significant change in electromyography signal when MS was performed during US exposure. US at the diagnostic frequency and power tested does not alter nerve thresholds with MS. Testing at other frequencies is required, however, before US is negated as a technique to modify MS thresholds.



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Structural-Functional Relationship of Phenolic Antioxidants in Topical Skin Health Products

Abstract

Objectives

The present work analyzed the antioxidative activity of phenol-based antioxidants by using an Electron Spin Resonance method to predict the activity and stability of these antioxidants in cosmetic products.

Methods

The Antioxidative Power (AP) method was chosen to measure both the capacity and kinetics of an antioxidative reaction by detecting the DPPH (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) radical. The antioxidative capacity (wc) relates to the amount of free radicals that can be reduced, whereas the antioxidative reactivity (tr) relates to the reaction speed and offers a fingerprinting of the redox state of the antioxidant molecules. Fifteen phenolic molecules, have been analyzed. They differed in the position of the hydroxyl groups and substituents on the aromatic ring. The AP of two distinct formulations containing hydroxytyrosol are presented as well as three phenol based antioxidants within the same formulation vehicle.

Results

The rate at which phenol (ArOH) reacts with DPPH radicals, defined by the term reactivity (tr) in this paper, was dependent upon the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) of the OH bond. Molecules having weak OH bonds and consequently low BDE values showed high antioxidant reactivity. On the other hand, the capacity factor (wc), which is the concentration of phenol required to reduce a fixed concentration of DPPH radical, depends on the number and position of hydroxyl groups. The results showed that ortho and para positions of the two hydroxyl groups are important for higher capacity. If one of the two hydroxyl-groups is blocked by methylation, both the antioxidative capacity and reactivity are reduced, mainly for ortho disubstituted compounds. The presence of a vinylic side chain improved reactivity and capacity tremendously. AP values may be useful in formulation design when identifying antioxidants that are likely to be physically and chemically stable. The importance of optimization of the formulation vehicle itself for a given antioxidant is also illustrated.

Conclusion

Based on the presented findings, it is possible to predict the antioxidative performance of a phenol-based molecule and its stability and oxidation-resistance within a cosmetic formulation. This is essential for antioxidant containing dermal formulations designed to combat skin ageing.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.



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Clinical and molecular cytogenetic studies in ten patients with hematological malignancies characterized by t(20;21)(q11;q11) resulted from del(20q)

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Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016
Source:Cancer Genetics
Author(s): Chunxiao Wu, Jun Zhang, Shuxiao Bai, jianxin Yao, Huiying Qiu, Yongquan Xue, Suning Chen, Yafang Wu, Juan Shen, Jinlan Pan
This study reports on 10 patients with hematological malignances with t(20;21)(q11;q11) resulting from del(20q) (for example, der(20)del(20)(q11q13)t(20;21)(q11;q11) and der(21)t(20;21)(q11;q11)) and described their clinical features and the possible prognostic significance of this abnormality. The t(20;21)(q11;q11) was a rare but recurrent abnormality secondary to del(20q) besides i(20q-). The frequency of der(20)del(20)(q11q13)t(20;21)(q11;q11) among our patients with del(20q) was 2.4%. It was considered that the 20q deletion preceded translocation with chromosome 21. This abnormality is often cryptic, occurs predominantly in older men and is observed most often in myelodysplastic syndromes. Patients with this abnormality have an unfavorable prognosis, similar to patients with i(20q-). The molecular consequences of der(20)del(20)(q11q13)t(20;21)(q11;q11) may be different from patients with i(20q-). To the best of our knowledge this is the largest dataset published to date.



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The Head and Neck Tumor Biobank

Condition:   Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Intervention:  
Sponsor:   Maastricht Radiation Oncology
Recruiting - verified September 2016

http://ift.tt/2cxVF2b

Cytokeratin-positive fibroblastic reticular cell: a pitfall for dermatopathologists assessing lymph nodes for Merkel cell carcinoma



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Oxidative stress responses in Wistar rats on subacute exposure to pharmaceutical wastewater

Abstract

Water pollution has been a major concern for agrarian societies like Pakistan. Pharmaceutical industries are amongst the foremost contributor to industrial waste. Present study addresses the generation of oxidative stress caused by 2 months exposure to pharmaceutical wastewater in rats and their response to oral treatment with vitamin E, a potent antioxidant. The rats were randomized into five groups (n = 5) named as negative control, pharmaceutical wastewater (PEW) 100 %, PEW 10 %, PEW 1 %, and PEW 100 % + vitamin E. Oxidative damage in rats was evaluated by estimation of the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the liver, kidney, and blood/plasma. Exposure to pharmaceutical wastewater significantly decreased the activities of T-SOD and CAT and concentration of H2O2 in the liver and kidney and blood/plasma. Exposure to 100 % pharmaceutical wastewater exhibited a maximum decline in T-SOD activity, and activity was reduced to only 63.57 U/mL, 32.65, and 43.57 U/mg of protein in the plasma, kidney, and liver, respectively. Exposure to wastewater minimized activity CAT to 89.25 U/g of hemoglobin, 54.36, and 62.95 U/mg of protein in the blood, kidney, and liver, respectively. Treatment with vitamin E significantly increased the activity of T-SOD and CAT. However, increase in concentration of H2O2 was also observed in vitamin E exposed rats. Histopathology of the kidney revealed coagulative necrosis of renal epithelial cells and peritubular congestion. Endocardium showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and cellular breakdown in some areas. Lung sections exhibited atelectasis and emphysema of alveoli suggesting decline in lung function. The anatomy of the liver was also compromised due to severe degeneration and cellular swelling. The present study concluded that pharmaceutical wastewater induced severe oxidative stress in Wistar rats and ensued in histopathological lesions in several vital organs suggesting its high toxicity. Non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamin E may ameliorate oxidative stress induced by pharmaceutical wastewater.



http://ift.tt/2cMHWUU

Hydrological controls on cascade reservoirs regulating phosphorus retention and downriver fluxes

Abstract

Many coastal rivers have a system of cascade reservoirs, but the role of these reservoirs in regulating nutrient transport from watershed to coast is still unknown. In this study, phosphorus (P) in surface water and top sediment was investigated along the North Jiulong River (southeast China) under three hydrological conditions (high flow, medium flow and low flow) in 2012–2013, and P dynamics in a cascade reservoir (Xipi Reservoir) were studied on a monthly scale. Results showed that the concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) consistently decreased longitudinally in the upper river with the lowest values observed in the section of cascade reservoirs, likely due to tributary inputs and in situ uptakes. The decrease was most rapid during base flow when DRP was highest in the free-flowing river section and lowest in cascade reservoirs. Results from monthly monitoring on the Xipi Reservoir showed general downriver decreases in DRP, total particulate phosphorus (TPP) and total phosphorus (TP) in the riverine zone and transition zone. Mass balance results on an annual basis suggest that the Xipi Reservoir (lacustrine zone) was an overall sink for TPP (6 % retention) but somewhat a source of DRP (−0.3 %) with TP retention (1 %). Even scaled up to the whole cascade reservoir system, P retention was low compared with worldwide reservoirs, which we ascribe to the high P loading and short hydraulic residence time. Nevertheless, major processes controlling P retention in coastal rivers with cascade reservoirs varied from sedimentation in the dry-cold season to biotic transformation in the wet-warm season, thereby affecting loading and composition of P from watershed to the coast. This study highlights the hydrological controls on the role of cascade reservoirs in regulating P retention and downriver fluxes in different seasons.



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The effect of phytogenic feed additives to substitute in-feed antibiotics on growth traits and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

There is a growing concern over the use of antibiotics due to the increased resistance of pathogens in broiler. The present study was designed to find the comparative effect of an antibiotic, and some phytogenic on performance traits, blood biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status during starter phase exposed to Salmonella typhimurium challenge. A total of 560-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to seven treatments (eight replicates). Control (basal diet); T1, infected with Salmonella enterica subsp. typhimurium; T2, infected + avilamycin at the rate of 0.2 g/kg; T3, infected + essential oil of thymol; T4, infected + phytogenic; T5, infected + anti-Salmonella organic acid; and T6, infected + essential oils of thyme, anise, and other components. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P < 0.05) high in the T2 and T5 at the end of the first and the second week and similar to T4. During the second week, European production efficiency factor (EPEF) was also significantly (P < 0.05) high in T2, T4 and T5. Blood albumin increased significantly (P < 0.05) in birds of T2 in the first week, while during the second week, blood glucose and triglyceride concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in T5. Blood ALT concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in T6 compared to other treatments in the second week. Total antioxidant capacity (at the end of the second week) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) did not change significantly. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that different feed additives could be substituted with antibiotics in the feed of broiler exposed to S. typhimurium challenge.



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Quantifying PM 2.5 capture capability of greening trees based on leaf factors analyzing

Abstract

As PM2.5 affect human health, it is important to target tree planting in the role of reducing air pollution concentrations. PM2.5 capture capability of greening trees is associated with leaf morphology, while quantitative research is scanty. In this paper, the PM2.5 capture capability of 25 species in Beijing and Chongqing were examined by a chamber device. Groove proportion, leaf hair, stomatal density, and stomata size were selected as indexes of leaf morphology. Results showed that groove proportion and stomata size significantly relate to PM2.5 capture quantity, while no significantly positive correlations were found for leaf hairs and stomatal density. Broadleaf species are conducive to PM2.5 capture for their rich leaf morphology and have an edge over coniferous in PM2.5 capture per leaf area. However, coniferous had a larger PM2.5 capture capability per tree due to the advantage of a large leaf area. Significant difference existed between the species in Beijing and Chongqing due to the different leaf morphology. Urban greening trees are diverse and the structures are complicated. Complex ecological environment may lead to different morphology characteristics. Climate and pollution conditions should be considered when greening.



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Tourism in Austria: biodiversity, environmental sustainability, and growth issues

Abstract

This study examined the long-run and causal relationships between international tourism, biodiversity loss, environmental sustainability, and specific growth factors under the premises of sustainable tourism in Austria, by using a consistent time series data from 1975 to 2015. The results reveal that inbound tourism, per capita income, and population density affected the potential habitat area while population density largely affected the food production in a country. Inbound tourism and population density both deteriorate the environmental quality in a form of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fossil fuel energy consumption while per capita income reduces the fossil fuel energy consumption. Food exports increase per capita income, while food imports and population density both decrease economic growth. Inbound tourism and economic growth advance population density while forest area and food exports decrease the population density. The study supports growth-led tourism and growth-led food production in a country.



http://ift.tt/2cMI9r7

Photocatalytic degradation of NO/NO 2 gas injected into a 10-m 3 experimental chamber

Abstract

This paper investigates a new test method to assess the photocatalytic activity of plasterboards coated with a TiO2 dispersion under real-world conditions. The degradation of nitrogen oxides NOx (NO and NO2) is studied and the photocatalytic efficiency under UV illumination is evaluated in a 10-m3 room after a constant gas injection. Two ultrafine TiO2 dispersions are used: 0.85% TiO2 and 5% TiO2, and three types of gas are tested: an NO/NO2 mixture (8/8 mol-ppm), NO (45 mol-ppm) and NO2 (45 mol-ppm). The test method presented here is midway between laboratory and real-scale procedures and allows better control of the experimental parameters than a real field experiment. Testing a mixture of NO and NO2 is a way to get closer to real-world conditions as air is polluted by various gases. This study focuses on the degradation of NO and NO2 under UV illumination when two types of TiO2 dispersions are used and highlights the difference in behaviour between these two molecules in terms of photocatalytic degradation. The results show that photocatalytic activity does not appear to be efficient to degrade NO2 molecules. Another mechanism seems to be responsible for the reduction of the concentration of NO2, namely adsorption. Encouraging results are obtained with NO molecules, which can be degraded by photocatalysis. The degradation observed is even greater with the more concentrated TiO2 dispersion.



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Identification of tonsillar CD4+CD25−LAG3+ T cells as naturally occurring IL-10-producing regulatory T cells in human lymphoid tissue

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2016
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Shuji Sumitomo, Shinichiro Nakachi, Tomohisa Okamura, Yumi Tsuchida, Rika Kato, Hirofumi Shoda, Asayo Furukawa, Nobuo Kitahara, Kenji Kondo, Tatsuya Yamasoba, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Keishi Fujio
IL-10-producing regulatory T cells (IL-10-producing Tregs) are one of the regulatory T cell subsets characterized by the production of high amounts of IL-10, the lack of FOXP3 expression and the strong immunosuppressive capabilities. IL-10-producing Tregs have been primarily reported as induced populations thus far, in part because identifying naturally occurring IL-10-producing Tregs was difficult due to the lack of definitive surface markers. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) is a CD4 homologue that we have identified as being expressed on IL-10 producing Tregs. In human PBMC, LAG3 combined with CD49b efficiently identifies IL-10-producing Tregs. However, naturally occurring IL-10-producing Tregs in human secondary lymphoid tissue have not been described.In this report, we identified CD4+CD25LAG3+ T cells in human tonsil. This T cell subset produced high amounts of IL-10 and expressed low levels of FOXP3. Surface markers and microarray analysis revealed that this is a distinct tonsillar CD4+ T cell subset. CD4+CD25LAG3+ T cells expressed interleukin 10 (IL10), PR/SET domain 1 (PRDM1), and CD274 at high levels and chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) at low levels. CD4+CD25LAG3+ T cells suppressed antibody production more efficiently than CD4+CD25+ T cells, and CD4+CD25LAG3+ T cells induced B cell apoptosis. Moreover, analysis of humanized mice revealed that this cell subset suppressed a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) reaction in vivo. Our study reveals the existence of naturally occurring IL-10-producing Tregs in human secondary lymphoid tissue and their function in immune regulation.



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Ensuring passivity and retrievability for immediate complete-arch implant-supported prostheses

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Aloisio Oro Spazzin, Bernardo Camargo, Atais Bacchi
This technique describes the fabrication of frameworks for immediate complete-arch implant-supported prostheses to ensure that the dimensional alterations that occur during the casting procedure do not interfere with passivity. As sectioning and soldering are not necessary, there is no delay in the fabrication process, and the framework is not weakened. Titanium abutments for interim screw-retained prostheses are prepared on the definitive cast, and framework waxing preserves the access holes to the screws. After casting, the framework is cemented on the prepared abutments. The proposed technique has been created to combine the advantages of cement-retained frameworks and the retrievability of screw-retained ones.



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Fabrication of a complete, removable dental prosthesis from a digital intraoral impression for a patient with an excessively tight reconstructed lip after oral cancer treatment: A clinical report

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Jong-Eun Kim, Nam-Hoon Kim, June-Sung Shim
This clinical report describes the management of a patient who had an excessively tight reconstructed lip because of oral cancer surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The presented technique used an intraoral scanner for a preliminary impression and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology for preliminary laboratory procedures. This digital impression technique may reduce patient discomfort.



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Reducing the surface roughness of dental acrylic resins by using an eggshell abrasive material

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Stanley C. Onwubu, Anisa Vahed, Shalini Singh, Krishnan M. Kanny
Statement of problemExcessive surface roughness of denture base resins adversely impacts oral health.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the abrasive potential of eggshell powder in reducing the surface roughness of denture base resins.Material and methodsThirty poly(methyl methacrylate) specimens were fabricated and polished with eggshell powders of different particle sizes and with pumice. The average surface roughness (Ra) after polishing was measured with a profilometer. Scanning electron microscope and optical electron microscope techniques were used to assess the surface roughness morphology of the specimens. ANOVA was used to analyze the Ra values. The Tukey honest significant differences and Bonferroni tests were used to identify differences between the 2 abrasive materials (α=.05).ResultsSignificant differences in the Ra values were observed between the fine and medium eggshell powder abrasives (P<.05). Similarly, significant differences were found between pumice and the fine eggshell powder abrasives (P<.001). No significant differences were found between pumice and the medium eggshell powder abrasive (P>.05). Specimens polished with pumice had the highest Ra values, whereas specimens polished with the fine eggshell powder abrasive had the lowest Ra values.ConclusionsBy connecting the Ra values to the threshold limit value of 0.2 μm, eggshell powder abrasive finished denture acrylic resin surfaces better than pumice.



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Erratum

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry





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Evaluation of correlations between frequencies of complete denture relines and serum levels of 3 bone metabolic markers: A cross-sectional pilot study

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Shweta Puri, Mathew T. Kattadiyil, Nishant Puri, Susan L. Hall
Statement of problemContinuous bone resorption is the primary reason for complete denture relines. Because resorption rates vary, the frequency at which individuals require relines also varies. Currently, there are no predictors to identify individuals at risk of frequent relines or to guide clinicians in decisions related to relines.PurposeThe purpose of this cross-sectional pilot study was to determine the utility of measuring bone metabolic markers (C-terminal telopeptide, osteocalcin, 25-OH hydroxy vitamin D) to predict the frequency of complete denture relines.Material and methodsOne hundred adult participants with complete dentures (either maxillary, mandibular, or both) participated in 1 dental clinic visit involving a dental examination and brief interview to obtain relevant medical and dental history, information on medication/supplement use, and 1 laboratory blood draw for the measurement of bone metabolic markers. Data were analyzed by using the Pearson correlation, independent Student t test, or analysis of variance (α=.05).ResultsSignificant correlations were found between the frequency of relines and C-telopeptide and osteocalcin levels but not with vitamin D or age. No significant associations with reline frequency and other factors (sex, race, presence or absence of diabetes, use of calcium and vitamin D supplements) were observed.ConclusionsElevated levels of bone turnover markers in individuals with edentulism were associated with increased frequency of denture relines.



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Marginal bone loss around dental implants with and without microthreads in the neck: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Wenzhi Niu, Penglai Wang, Shaoyue Zhu, Zongxiang Liu, Ping Ji
Statement of problemWhether microthreads in the crestal portion can reduce the amount of marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants has not yet been determined.PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the marginal bone loss around dental implants with and without microthreads in the neck.Material and methodsThis review was based on the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search with no restrictions on language was performed from inception to August 19, 2015, in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, and AMED (Ovid) databases. A manual search was also performed. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared the MBL between implants with and without microthreads in the neck were included. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed. MBL was measured by using the mean difference (MD). Review Manager v5.3 software was used for meta-analysis (α=.05).ResultsFive articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 3 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Four studies found that a microthread design can significantly reduce MBL under functional loading, whereas 1 study found no significant difference. The homogeneity test of meta-analysis confirmed acceptable heterogeneity among the 3 studies (I2=0.49). A random-effects model was used. The result shows that MBL around implants with microthread design can be reduced significantly (P=.030; MD: −0.09; CI: −0.18 to −0.01).ConclusionsMeta-analysis showed that microthread design in the implant neck can reduce the amount of MBL; however, RCTs included in the review were few and the difference was small. In clinical practice, an implant with a roughened surface and microthreaded neck could be selected to maintain bone level.



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Influence of tongue position on the determination of tooth shade

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Thomas U. Klinke, Constanze Olms, Petr Pierk, Holger A. Jakstat, Wolfgang B. Hannak
Statement of problemDentists frequently use electronic devices to determine tooth color. However, neither the instructions for these devices nor the accompanying brochures refer to the environmental conditions required at the point of measurement.PurposeThe purpose of this multicenter prospective clinical study was to reveal whether a change in the oral background influences tooth color determination.Material and methodsStudents (N=42) at the dental clinic in Berlin, Leipzig, Greifswald and Olomouc (women n=27, men n=15) participated in this study. It was their first contact with the spectral photometer (Easyshade Advance 4.0; VITA Zahnfabrik). After a short introduction on how to use the device, the students made 1-point measurements on the same patient on the maxillary central incisor. In the first measurement, the patient's mouth was open, and the palatal surface uncovered. In the second measurement, the patient's mouth was closed slightly, and the tongue pressed on the lingual surface of the maxillary central incisor. The mean ±SD and the 95% confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated using the Student t test for each test series (α=.05).ResultsStatistical evaluation of the 2 measurements revealed changes in the L*a*b* values with a mean L*=0.204, a*=-0.351, and b*=0.02; a median of 0.4, -0.3, and -0.1, respectively; a ±SD of 2.37, 0.64, and 0.89, respectively; and 95% CIs of L*=-0.476 to 0.884, a*=-0.531 to -0.702, and b*=-0.23 to 0.52, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (P>.05). The measurements of L*, a*, and b* with and without tongue coverage of the lingual surfaces of the maxillary teeth did not show any statistically significant differences (P=.663).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the position of the tongue does not influence measurement accuracy during the application of the Easyshade Advance device.



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A method for using solid modeling CAD software to create an implant library for the fabrication of a custom abutment

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Jing Zhang, Rimei Zhang, Guanghui Ren, Xiaojie Zhang
This article describes a method that incorporates the solid modeling CAD software Solidworks with a dental milling machine to fabricate individual abutments in house. This process involves creating an implant library with 3-dimensional (3D) models and manufacturing a base, scan element, abutment, and crown anatomy. The 3D models can be imported into any dental computer-aided design and computer-aided (CAD-CAM) manufacturing system. This platform increases abutment design flexibility, as the base and scan elements can be designed to fit several shapes as needed to meet clinical requirements.



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Cast erosion from the cleaning of debris after the use of a cast trimmer

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Paul A. Hansen, Mark W. Beatty
Statement of problemWhether using tap water to rinse off debris will make a clinical difference to the surface detail of a gypsum cast is unknown. In addition, how best to remove debris from the cast is unknown.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of different methods of cleaning a gypsum cast after trimming and the effect of short-term exposure to tap water on the surface quality of the cast.Material and methodsA die fitting American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association specification 25 (International Standards Organization specification 6873) for dental gypsum products was embedded in a Dentoform with the machined lines positioned at the same level as the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth. A flat plate was used to ensure that the plane of occlusion for the die was at the same position as the posterior teeth. Forty polyvinyl siloxane impressions of the Dentoform were made and poured with vacuum-mixed improved Type IV dental stone. Each cast was inspected for the accurate reproduction of the lines. The base of the 2-stage pour was trimmed with a cast trimmer with water, and surface debris was removed by rinsing by hand under tap water for 10 seconds, by brushing the cast with a soft toothbrush for 10 seconds, or by resoaking the cast and using a soft camel's brush in slurry water for 10 seconds. The amount of debris was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 4, and the quality of the 20-μm line was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 4 under ×15 magnification. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis ranks test was used to identify significant differences among the different cleaning methods (α=.05).ResultsResults of the Kruskal-Wallis and Kruskal-Wallis Z-value tests demonstrated that all cleaning methods produced cleaner casts than were observed for uncleansed controls (P<.001), but no differences in debris removal were found among the different cleaning methods (.065≤P≤.901). The ability to see the quality of a 20-μm line (P=.974) was not statistically different among the groups.ConclusionsRinsing the cast under flowing tap water and brushing, or hand washing under flowing tap water, or using a soft camel's hair brush in slurry water for 10 seconds had no noticeable effects on the quality of a 20-μm line, and all 3 methods resulted in a clean cast.



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Light-transmitting fiber optic posts: An in vitro evaluation

Publication date: Available online 16 September 2016
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Antigoni Stylianou, John O. Burgess, Perng-Ru Liu, Daniel A. Givan, Nathaniel C. Lawson
Statement of problemThe clinical challenge of adhering cement to intracanal dentin is transmitting light to the most apical parts of root canals to allow more efficient polymerization of the cement.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the cement-polymerizing ability, microstructure, and radiopacity of a new fiber optic post (iLumi fiber optic Post) with a clinically successful fiber post (DT Light Post).Material and methodsPolymerizing ability was compared using a modified depth-of-cure protocol. A split aluminum mold with a 12-mm cylindrical hole (diameter=4.7 mm) was filled with light-polymerized resin cement (Variolink Esthetic LC). Each fiber post (n=12) was positioned and light-polymerized on the coronal end for 60 seconds with a light-emitting diode polymerization light. Unpolymerized resin was dissolved with an organic solvent, and the weight and length of the polymerized resin cement were measured. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine vertical and horizontal cross-sections. The radiopacity values of both the posts and 5 additional reference posts were evaluated using an aluminum step wedge.ResultsThe weight and length of the polymerized resin cement were significantly greater (P<.05) with the fiber optic post, which scanning electron microscopy showed to have a higher density of parallel fibers. The iLumi post demonstrated greater radiopacity among the tested fiber posts and a titanium alloy post.ConclusionsThe iLumi fiber optic posts have a unique structural fiber composition and excellent radiopacity and light-transmitting ability that produce more complete polymerization of the resin cement than the DT Light posts.



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