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Πέμπτη 22 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016
Scholar : These new articles for Annals of Leisure Research are available online
Bilateral Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: An Uncommon Cause of Pituitary Enlargement and Hypopituitarism.
Bilateral Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: An Uncommon Cause of Pituitary Enlargement and Hypopituitarism.
Case Rep Endocrinol. 2016;2016:6364203
Authors: Liberatore A, Lechan RM
Abstract
Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are rare, pathologic communications of the carotid artery and the venous plexus of the cavernous sinus. They can develop spontaneously in certain at risk individuals or following traumatic head injury. Typical clinical manifestations include headache, proptosis, orbital pain, and diplopia. We report a case of bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulas associated with these symptoms and also with pituitary enlargement and hypopituitarism, which improved following surgical intervention. Arterialization of the cavernous sinus and elevated portal pressure may interfere with normal venous drainage and the conveyance of inhibiting and releasing hormones from the hypothalamus, resulting in pituitary enlargement and hypopituitarism. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypopituitarism associated with anterior pituitary enlargement.
PMID: 27651959 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Editorial board members
Source:Gene Expression Patterns, Volume 21, Issue 2
http://ift.tt/2d2pVFQ
Functions of synapse adhesion molecules neurexin/neurexins and neurodevelopmental disorders
Source:Neuroscience Research
Author(s): Xueshan Cao, Katsuhiko Tabuchi
neurexins and neurexins are two distinct families of single-pass transmembrane proteins localized at pre- and postsynapses, respectively. They trans-synaptically interact with each other and induce synapse formation and maturation. Common variants and rare mutations, including copy number variations, short deletions, and single or small nucleotide changes in neurexin and neuroligin genes have been linked to the neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In this review, we summarize the structure and basic synaptic function of neurexins and neuroligins, followed by behaviors and synaptic phenotypes of knock-in and knock-out mouse of these family genes. From the studies of these mice, it turns out that the effects of neurexins and neuroligins are amazingly neural circuit dependent, even within the same brain region. In addition, neurexins and neuroligins are commonly involved in the endocannabinoid signaling. These finding may provide not only insight into understanding the pathophysiology, but also the concept for strategy of therapeutic intervention for ASDs.
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Long-Term Performance of Readers Trained in Grading Crohn Disease Activity Using MRI
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Carl A.J. Puylaert, Jeroen A.W. Tielbeek, Shandra Bipat, Thierry N. Boellaard, C. Yung Nio, Jaap Stoker
Rationale and ObjectivesWe aim to evaluate the long-term performance of readers who had participated in previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reader training in grading Crohn disease activity.Materials and MethodsFourteen readers (8 women; 12 radiologists, 2 residents; mean age 40; range 31–59), who had participated in a previous MRI reader training, participated in a follow-up evaluation after a mean interval of 29 months (range 25–34 months). Follow-up evaluation comprised 25 MRI cases of suspected or known Crohn disease patients with direct feedback; cases were identical to the evaluation set used in the initial reader training (of which readers were unaware). Grading accuracy, overstaging, and understaging were compared between training and follow-up using a consensus score by two experienced abdominal radiologists as the reference standard.ResultsIn the follow-up evaluation, overall grading accuracy was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 62%–81%), which was comparable to reader training grading accuracy (72%, 95% CI: 61%–80%) (P = .66). Overstaging decreased significantly from 19% (95% CI: 12%–27%) to 13% (95% CI: 8%–21%) between training and follow-up (P = .03), whereas understaging increased significantly from 9% (95% CI: 4%–21%) to 14% (95% CI: 7%–26%) (P < .01).ConclusionsReaders have consistent long-term accuracy for grading Crohn disease activity after case-based reader training with direct feedback.
http://ift.tt/2cNyAOo
Submillisievert Radiation Dose Coronary CT Angiography
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Yuji Iyama, Takeshi Nakaura, Masafumi Kidoh, Seitaro Oda, Daisuke Utsunomiya, Naritsugu Sakaino, Shinichi Tokuyasu, Hirokazu Osakabe, Kazunori Harada, Yasuyuki Yamashita
Rationale and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the noise and image quality of images reconstructed with a knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (knowledge-based IMR) in ultra-low dose cardiac computed tomography (CT).Materials and MethodsWe performed submillisievert radiation dose coronary CT angiography on 43 patients. We also performed a phantom study to evaluate the influence of object size with the automatic exposure control phantom. We reconstructed clinical and phantom studies with filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (hybrid IR), and knowledge-based IMR. We measured effective dose of patients and compared CT number, image noise, and contrast noise ratio in ascending aorta of each reconstruction technique. We compared the relationship between image noise and body mass index for the clinical study, and object size for phantom study.ResultsThe mean effective dose was 0.98 ± 0.25 mSv. The image noise of knowledge-based IMR images was significantly lower than those of FBP and hybrid IR images (knowledge-based IMR: 19.4 ± 2.8; FBP: 126.7 ± 35.0; hybrid IR: 48.8 ± 12.8, respectively) (P < .01). The contrast noise ratio of knowledge-based IMR images was significantly higher than those of FBP and hybrid IR images (knowledge-based IMR: 29.1 ± 5.4; FBP: 4.6 ± 1.3; hybrid IR: 13.1 ± 3.5, respectively) (P < .01). There were moderate correlations between image noise and body mass index in FBP (r = 0.57, P < .01) and hybrid IR techniques (r = 0.42, P < .01); however, these correlations were weak in knowledge-based IMR (r = 0.27, P < .01).ConclusionCompared to FBP and hybrid IR, the knowledge-based IMR offers significant noise reduction and improvement in image quality in submillisievert radiation dose cardiac CT.
http://ift.tt/2cJjohM
Whole-Lesion Apparent Diffusion Coefficient-Based Entropy-Related Parameters for Characterizing Cervical Cancers
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Yue Guan, Weifeng Li, Zhuoran Jiang, Ying Chen, Song Liu, Jian He, Zhengyang Zhou, Yun Ge
Rationale and ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-based entropy-related parameters of cervical cancer to preliminarily assess intratumoral heterogeneity of this lesion in comparison to adjacent normal cervical tissues.Materials and MethodsA total of 51 women (mean age, 49 years) with cervical cancers confirmed by biopsy underwent 3-T pelvic diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with b values of 0 and 800 s/mm2 prospectively. ADC-based entropy-related parameters including first-order entropy and second-order entropies were derived from the whole tumor volume as well as adjacent normal cervical tissues. Intraclass correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction, Kruskal-Wallis test, and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for statistical analysis.ResultsAll the parameters showed excellent interobserver agreement (all intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.900). Entropy, entropy(H)0, entropy(H)45, entropy(H)90, entropy(H)135, and entropy(H)mean were significantly higher, whereas entropy(H)range and entropy(H)std were significantly lower in cervical cancers compared to adjacent normal cervical tissues (all P <.0001). Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were no significant differences among the values of various second-order entropies including entropy(H)0, entropy(H)45, entropy(H)90, entropy(H)135, and entropy(H)mean. All second-order entropies had larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than first-order entropy in differentiating cervical cancers from adjacent normal cervical tissues. Further, entropy(H)45, entropy(H)90, entropy(H)135, and entropy(H)mean had the same largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.867.ConclusionWhole-lesion ADC-based entropy-related parameters of cervical cancers were developed successfully, which showed initial potential in characterizing intratumoral heterogeneity in comparison to adjacent normal cervical tissues.
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Scholar : These new articles for The American Journal of Family Therapy are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for African Security are available online
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Response inhibition rapidly increases single-neuron responses in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with Parkinson's disease
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Damien Benis, Olivier David, Brigitte Piallat, Astrid Kibleur, Laurent Goetz, Manik Bhattacharjee, Valérie Fraix, Eric Seigneuret, Paul Krack, Stéphan Chabardès, Julien Bastin
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a critical role during action inhibition, perhaps by acting like a fast brake on the motor system when inappropriate responses have to be rapidly suppressed. However, the mechanisms involving the STN during motor inhibition are still unclear, particularly because of a relative lack of single-cell responses reported in this structure in humans. In this study, we used extracellular microelectrode recordings during deep brain stimulation surgery in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to study STN neurophysiological correlates of inhibitory control during a stop signal task. We found two neuronal subpopulations responding either during motor execution (GO units) or during motor inhibition (STOP units). GO units fired selectively before patients' motor responses whereas STOP units fired selectively when patients successfully withheld their move at a latency preceding the duration of the inhibition process. These results provide electrophysiological evidence for the hypothesized role of the STN in current models of response inhibition.
http://ift.tt/2d3ALtI
Scholar : These new articles for Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science are available online
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Scholar : The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 16, Issue 10, October 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a more valuable prognostic factor than platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for nonmetastatic rectal cancer
Publication date: November 2016
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 40
Author(s): Huizhong Li, Jun Song, Meng Cao, Gang Wang, Liantao Li, Baofu Zhang, Yang Li, Wei Xu, Junnian Zheng
Several combinations of inflammatory factors, including neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have been reported to be prognostic factors in various malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of NLR and PLR for patients with rectal cancer (RC) who underwent curative surgery. Data from patients who underwent curative resection for RC were retrospectively reviewed. The cutoff for NLR and PLR was defined as 2.3 and 144 by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to evaluate the independent prognostic significance of variables. A total of 140 patients were eligible in the study. High NLR (>2.3) and high PLR (>144) both predicted lower OS and DFS according to Kaplan-Meier method. But in the multivariable Cox regression model, only the high NLR retained significance for reduced OS and DFS. According to Chi-square test, patients with higher NLR had larger tumor size and higher pN-stage. While PLR was only associated with the pN-stage. High preoperative NLR was shown to be a negative independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing resection for nonmetastatic RC. It may be helpful as a factor to guide the postoperative therapies.
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Azithromycin modulates immune response of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and Cd4+ T cells
Publication date: November 2016
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 40
Author(s): Syh-Jae Lin, Ming-Ling Kuo, Hsiu-Shan Hsiao, Pei-Tzu Lee
Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity aside from its antimicrobial effect, a feature that may ameliorate certain inflammatory disorders and prevent graft-versus-host disease in patients receiving stem cell transplantation. In the present study, we investigated the ability of AZM to influence the function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T cells. We found that AZM down-regulated CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DCs and suppressed interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in these cells. In addition, AZM increased endocytosis and/or expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and TLR9 in DCs and suppressed anti-CD3/CD28–induced CD4+ T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma production, an effect that was synergistic with dexamethasone. Finally, AZM suppressed DC-induced allogeneic T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Our study demonstrates that AZM modulates DC and CD4+ T cell function and may be of therapeutic benefit in various inflammatory disorders.
http://ift.tt/2cTOVNF
Influence of nanogel additive hydrophilicity on dental adhesive mechanical performance and dentin bonding
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Valeria B. Gotti, Américo B. Correr, Steven H. Lewis, Victor P. Feitosa, Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho, Jeffrey W. Stansbury
ObjectiveTo assess the influence of hydrophilicity of reactive nanogels on the mechanical performance of dental adhesives and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin after 24h or 3 months of aging.MethodsA series of three nanogels were synthesized: NG1—IBMA/UDMA; NG2—HEMA/BisGMA; NG3—HEMA/TE-EGDMA. The nanogels were dispersed in solvent, HEMA or BisGMA/HEMA. The degree of conversion (DC) of the materials was measured and the flexural modulus of these polymers was evaluated in dry or wet conditions. For μTBS analysis, a model adhesive was used without nanogel (control) or with the incorporation of nanogels. μTBS was evaluated after storage in distilled water for 24h or 3 months. The analysis of the fracture was performed after μTBS testing. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05).ResultsWater significantly increased the modulus of NG1 and NG2 dispersed in solvent, while significantly decreased the stiffness of NG3. All polymers dispersed in HEMA and BisGMA/HEMA had significantly lower modulus when stored in water. NG2 showed the highest DC in solvent and BisGMA/HEMA. In HEMA, NG1 and NG3 produced the highest DC. After three months, NG2 showed the best μTBS. The μTBS of NG2-containing adhesive resin significantly increased after 3 months, while storage had no effect in the control group, NG1 and NG3.SignificanceThe more hydrophobic IBMA/UDMA nanogel showed higher bulk material mechanical property results, but the best dentin bond strength values, and notably strength values that improved upon storage, were obtained with the amphiphilic nanogel based on BisGMA/HEMA.
http://ift.tt/2cFcNTw
Bioactive composites containing TEGDMA-functionalized calcium phosphate particles: Degree of conversion, fracture strength and ion release evaluation
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Yvette Alania, Marina D.S. Chiari, Marcela C. Rodrigues, Victor E. Arana-Chavez, Ana Helena A. Bressiani, Flavio M. Vichi, Roberto R. Braga
ObjectiveTo evaluate the strength and ion release of experimental composites containing TEGDMA-functionalized calcium phosphate particles.MethodsSeven composites containing equal parts (in mols) of BisGMA and TEGDMA and 60vol% of fillers were manipulated. Filler phase was constituted by silanized barium glass and 0% (control), 10% or 20% (volume) of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DPCD) particles, either non-functionalized or functionalized with two different TEDGMA contents. DCPD particles were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, surface area and dynamic light scattering. Composites were tested for degree of conversion (DC) by near-FTIR. Biaxial flexural strength (BFS) was determined after 24h and 28days in water. Calcium and phosphate release after 7days was assessed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha:5%).ResultsXRD confirmed the crystalline structure corresponding to DCPD. Elemental analysis revealed particles with zero, 14% or 22% TEGDMA, with similar D50 (around 19μm) and surface areas from 3.5 to 11.4m2/g. The presence of DCPD did not reduce DC. After 24h, functionalization (both 14% and 22% TEGDMA) improved composite strength in comparison to non-functionalized DCPD, both at 10% and 20% levels. After 28days, BFS of materials containing 10% functionalized DCPD were statistically similar to the control containing only barium glass. Among composites containing 10% DCPD, particle functionalization with 14% TEGDMA did not jeopardize ion release.SignificanceAt 10vol%, the use of TEGDMA-functionalized CaP particles improved composite strength in relation to non-functionalized particles, while maintaining similar ion release levels.
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Scholar : These new articles for International Journal of Heritage Studies are available online
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Scholar : Applied Developmental Science, Volume 20, Issue 4, October-December 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : These new articles for Anxiety, Stress, & Coping are available online
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Narrative skills in deaf children who use spoken English: Dissociations between macro and microstructural devices
Publication date: December 2016
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 59
Author(s): A.C. Jones, E. Toscano, N. Botting, C.R. Marshall, J.R. Atkinson, T. Denmark, R. Herman, G. Morgan
Previous research has highlighted that deaf children acquiring spoken English have difficulties in narrative development relative to their hearing peers both in terms of macro-structure and with micro-structural devices. The majority of previous research focused on narrative tasks designed for hearing children that depend on good receptive language skills. The current study compared narratives of 6 to 11-year-old deaf children who use spoken English (N=59) with matched for age and non-verbal intelligence hearing peers. To examine the role of general language abilities, single word vocabulary was also assessed. Narratives were elicited by the retelling of a story presented non-verbally in video format. Results showed that deaf and hearing children had equivalent macro-structure skills, but the deaf group showed poorer performance on micro-structural components. Furthermore, the deaf group gave less detailed responses to inferencing probe questions indicating poorer understanding of the story's underlying message. For deaf children, micro-level devices most strongly correlated with the vocabulary measure. These findings suggest that deaf children, despite spoken language delays, are able to convey the main elements of content and structure in narrative but have greater difficulty in using grammatical devices more dependent on finer linguistic and pragmatic skills.
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Scholar : These new articles for Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science are available online
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Transplantation of tissue engineering neural network and formation of neuronal relay into the transected rat spinal cord
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 109
Author(s): Bi-Qin Lai, Ming-Tian Che, Bao-Ling Du, Xiang Zeng, Yuan-Huan Ma, Bo Feng, Xue-Chen Qiu, Ke Zhang, Shu Liu, Hui-Yong Shen, Jin-Lang Wu, Eng-Ang Ling, Yuan-Shan Zeng
Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of neural connectivity and permanent functional deficits. Re-establishment of new neuronal relay circuits after SCI is therefore of paramount importance. The present study tested our hypothesis if co-culture of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene-modified Schwann cells (SCs, NT-3-SCs) and TrkC (NT-3 receptor) gene-modified neural stem cells (NSCs, TrkC-NSCs) in a gelatin sponge scaffold could construct a tissue engineering neural network for re-establishing an anatomical neuronal relay after rat spinal cord transection. Eight weeks after transplantation, the neural network created a favorable microenvironment for axonal regeneration and for survival and synaptogenesis of NSC-derived neurons. Biotin conjugates of cholera toxin B subunit (b-CTB, a transneuronal tracer) was injected into the crushed sciatic nerve to label spinal cord neurons. Remarkably, not only ascending and descending nerve fibers, but also propriospinal neurons, made contacts with b-CTB positive NSC-derived neurons. Moreover, b-CTB positive NSC-derived neurons extended their axons making contacts with the motor neurons located in areas caudal to the injury/graft site of spinal cord. Further study showed that NT-3/TrkC interactions activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway affecting synaptogenesis of NSC-derived neurons. Together, our findings suggest that NT-3-mediated TrkC signaling plays an essential role in constructing a tissue engineering neural network thus representing a promising avenue for effective exogenous neuronal relay-based treatment for SCI.
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Editorial board
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 108
http://ift.tt/2d3doR7
Optimizing detection and analysis of slow waves in sleep EEG
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Author(s): Armand Mensen, Brady Riedner, Giulio Tononi
BackgroundAnalysis of individual slow waves in EEG recording during sleep provides both greater sensitivity and specificity compared to spectral power measures. However, parameters for detection and analysis have not been widely explored and validated.New MethodWe present a new, open-source, Matlab based, toolbox for the automatic detection and analysis of slow waves; with adjustable parameter settings, as well as manual correction and exploration of the results using a multi-faceted visualization tool.ResultsWe explore a large search space of parameter settings for slow wave detection and measure their effects on a selection of outcome parameters. Every choice of parameter setting had some effect on at least one outcome parameter. In general, the largest effect sizes were found when choosing the EEG reference, type of canonical waveform, and amplitude thresholding.Comparison with Existing Method: Previously published methods accurately detect large, global waves but are conservative and miss the detection of smaller amplitude, local slow waves. The toolbox has additional benefits in terms of speed, user-interface, and visualization options to compare and contrast slow waves.ConclusionsThe exploration of parameter settings in the toolbox highlights the importance of careful selection of detectionmethodsThe sensitivity and specificity of the automated detection can be improved by manually adding or deleting entire waves and or specific channels using the toolbox visualization functions. The toolbox standardizes the detection procedure, sets the stage for reliable results and comparisons and is easy to use without previous programming experience.
http://ift.tt/2cF5prv
Scholar : These new articles for AIDS Care are available online
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Visual motion processing subserving behavior in crabs
Publication date: December 2016
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 41
Author(s): Daniel Tomsic
Motion vision originated during the Cambrian explosion more than 500 million years ago, likely triggered by the race for earliest detection between preys and predators. To successfully evade a predator's attack a prey must react quickly and reliably, which imposes a common constrain to the implementation of escape responses among different species. Thus, neural circuits subserving fast escape responses are usually straightforward and contain giant neurons. This review summarizes knowledge about a small group of motion-sensitive giant neurons thought to be central in guiding the escape performance of crabs to visual stimuli. The flexibility of the escape behavior contrasts with the stiffness of the optomotor response, indicating a task-dependent early segregation of visual pathways.
http://ift.tt/2cTyGA5
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
