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Τετάρτη 14 Ιουνίου 2017
Scholar : New articles have been published for Cogent Arts & Humanities, Volume 4, Issue 1
Scholar : Bulletin of Spanish Studies, Volume 94, Issue 1, January 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : These new articles for Aging & Mental Health are available online
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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΦΑΡΥΓ
Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΦΑΡΥΓΓΑΣ ]
[PDF] Διαταραχές φωνής σε εκπαιδευτικούς
Ε Βοϊτσίδου - 2017
... 1.3.Ηχητικό σύστημα……………15 1.3.1.Φάρυγγας……………15 ...
Page 16. 16 1.3 Ηχητικό σύστημα 1.3.1. Φάρυγγας ...
Page 16. 16 1.3 Ηχητικό σύστημα 1.3.1. Φάρυγγας ...
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[PDF] Ψυχογενείς διαταραχές φώνησης & χαρακτηριστικά προσωπικότητας
ΑΡ Καρανικόλα - 2017
... φωνή και την ομιλία είναι η στοματική κοιλότητα, η ρινική κοιλότητα, ο φάρυγγας, ο λάρυγγας,
η τραχεία, οι βρόγχοι, οι πνεύμονες, ο θώρακας και το διάφραγμα, ... Τέλος, η στοματική και η
ρινική κοιλότητα, οι παραρρίνιοι κόλποι, ο φάρυγγας και η κοιλία του ...
η τραχεία, οι βρόγχοι, οι πνεύμονες, ο θώρακας και το διάφραγμα, ... Τέλος, η στοματική και η
ρινική κοιλότητα, οι παραρρίνιοι κόλποι, ο φάρυγγας και η κοιλία του ...
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[PDF] Επιπτώσεις της Εργασίας στα Χαρακτηριστικά Φωνής Γυναικών
Α Χουλέβα, Ε Τοπάλογλου - 2017
... και την αντοχή, και τον συντονισμό μεταξύ αυτών και των υπεργλωττιδικών αντηχητικών
δομών (φάρυγγας, στοματική και ρινική κοιλότητα). Μία διατάραξη σε κάποια από αυτά
τα τρία υποσυστήματα της φωνητικής παραγωγής (π.χ. ...
δομών (φάρυγγας, στοματική και ρινική κοιλότητα). Μία διατάραξη σε κάποια από αυτά
τα τρία υποσυστήματα της φωνητικής παραγωγής (π.χ. ...
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[PDF] Αρθρωτικές-φωνολογικές διαταραχές, φωνολογική καθυστέρηση.
Α Δαλακλή, Ε Καραγεωργού - 2017
... πραγματοποίηση της άρθρωσης δηλαδή • τα χείλη, • τα δόντια • τα φατνία • ο ουρανίσκος (ή σκληρή
υπερώα) • (μαλακή) υπερώα • η σταφυλή • ο φάρυγγας • η γλώσσα • και η γλωσσίδα (ή λάρυγγας)
Από αυτούς, ενεργητικοί αρθρωτές είναι όσοι κινούνται για τη παραγωγή των ...
υπερώα) • (μαλακή) υπερώα • η σταφυλή • ο φάρυγγας • η γλώσσα • και η γλωσσίδα (ή λάρυγγας)
Από αυτούς, ενεργητικοί αρθρωτές είναι όσοι κινούνται για τη παραγωγή των ...
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[PDF] Διαταραχή άρθρωσης των φωνημάτων/r/,/s/και θεραπευτική παρέμβαση.
Β Βραχιώλη, Λ Δεμπούδη, Π Δρουγουνάκη… - 2017
... είναι γνωστή ως σταφυλή. Το τμήμα της φωνητικής οδού μεταξύ της σταφυλής και του λάρυγγα
είναι ο φάρυγγας. Το πίσω τοίχωμα του φάρυγγα μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ένας από τους αρθρωτές
στην επάνω επιφάνεια της φωνητικής οδού. (Ladefoged, 2013) ...
είναι ο φάρυγγας. Το πίσω τοίχωμα του φάρυγγα μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ένας από τους αρθρωτές
στην επάνω επιφάνεια της φωνητικής οδού. (Ladefoged, 2013) ...
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[PDF] Φωνολογική διαταραχή, Αρθρωτική διαταραχή, Φωνολογική καθυστέρηση
ΕΑ Νταραντούλη, Π Τσιλιγγίρη - 2017
Page 1. ΤΜΗΜΑ ΛΟΓΟΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ: ΦΩΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΑΡΑΧΗ,
ΑΡΘΡΩΤΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΑΡΑΧΗ, ΦΩΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΚΑΘΥΣΤΕΡΗΣΗ Σπουδάστριες: ΝΤΑΡΑΝΤΟΥΛΗ
ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ - ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΑ (ΑΜ:15819) ΤΣΙΛΙΓΓΙΡΗ ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΑ (ΑΜ: 15903) ...
ΑΡΘΡΩΤΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΑΡΑΧΗ, ΦΩΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΚΑΘΥΣΤΕΡΗΣΗ Σπουδάστριες: ΝΤΑΡΑΝΤΟΥΛΗ
ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ - ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΑ (ΑΜ:15819) ΤΣΙΛΙΓΓΙΡΗ ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΑ (ΑΜ: 15903) ...
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[PDF] Παιδιατρικός ογκολογικός ασθενής, επιπτώσεις στο παιδί και στην οικογένεια του και ο ρόλος του ογκολογικού νοσηλευτή.
Φ Σούλλα - 2017
Page 1. 1 ΣΧΟΛΗ:Ε.Υ.Π. ΤΜΗΜΑ ΝΟΣΗΛΕΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ «Παιδιατρικός
Ογκολογικός Ασθενής Επιπτώσεις στο Παιδί και στην Οικογένεια του και ο Ρόλος του Ογκολογικού
Νοσηλευτή » Σπουδάστρια: Σούλλα Φρεσκίντα Υπεύθυνη Καθηγήτρια: ...
Ογκολογικός Ασθενής Επιπτώσεις στο Παιδί και στην Οικογένεια του και ο Ρόλος του Ογκολογικού
Νοσηλευτή » Σπουδάστρια: Σούλλα Φρεσκίντα Υπεύθυνη Καθηγήτρια: ...
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[PDF] Μελέτη περίπτωσης παιδιού ηλικίας 8 ετών με διαταραχή ομιλίας: Αξιολόγηση μέσω του ερωτηματολογίου του Achenbach και παρέμβαση στον τομέα της άρθρωσης με …
Χ Τάρε - 2017
Page 1. 1 ΤΕΙ ΗΠΕΙΡΟΥ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΩΝ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ
ΛΟΓΟΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΘΕΜΑ: <<Μελέτη περίπτωσης παιδιού ηλικίας 8 ετών
με διαταραχή ομιλίας Αξιολόγηση μέσω του ερωτηματολογίου του Achenbach και παρέμβαση ...
ΛΟΓΟΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΘΕΜΑ: <<Μελέτη περίπτωσης παιδιού ηλικίας 8 ετών
με διαταραχή ομιλίας Αξιολόγηση μέσω του ερωτηματολογίου του Achenbach και παρέμβαση ...
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[PDF] Φωνολογική διαταραχή και Παρουσίαση περιστατικού με φωνολογική διαταραχή.
Γ Κολόκα, Μ Κοντογεωργίου - 2017
Page 1. ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΗΠΕΙΡΟΥ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΩΝ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ
ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΛΟΓΟΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ «Φωνολογική διαταραχή και
Παρουσίαση περιστατικού με φωνολογική διαταραχή» Φοιτήτριες: Κολόκα Γιαννούλα ...
ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΛΟΓΟΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ «Φωνολογική διαταραχή και
Παρουσίαση περιστατικού με φωνολογική διαταραχή» Φοιτήτριες: Κολόκα Γιαννούλα ...
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miR-183 and miR-21 expression as biomarkers of progression and survival in tongue carcinoma patients
Abstract
Objectives
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have a major role in human cancerogenesis.The current study investigated the prognostic significance of miR-183 and miR-21 expression in tongue carcinoma patients.
Material and method
For qPCR of miR-183 and miR-21 expression, total RNA isolated from 60 fresh-frozen tissue of tongue carcinomas was converted into cDNA by TaqMan MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit and quantified by TaqMan MicroRNAs Expression Assays. Fold changes in the miRNAs expression, normalized to RNU6B, were determined using 2−ΔΔCt method, and dichotomized into high and low according to cut-off values derived from ROC curve analysis.
Results
miR-183 emerged as promising discriminatory biomarker of poor outcome. Tissue over-expression of miR-183, observed in 68.3% of tongue carcinomas, was associated with clinical stage (p = 0.037), tumor size (p = 0.036), and high alcohol intake (p = 0.034).The patients with miR-183 over-expression had significantly shorter overall survival (p = 0.006) and a 5.666 times higher risk of poor outcome (p = 0.005), while miR-21 over-expression carried a tendency towards poorer survival (p = 0.073). However, multivariate analysis revealed that the recurrences were independent adverse prognostic factors, while miR-183 over-expression lost its significance.
Conclusion
Our results suggests that over-expression of miR-183 in tumor tissue could be a potential marker of clinical stage and a poor survival of tongue carcinoma patients and may be associated with high alcohol consumption.
Clinical relevance
Oncogenic miRNAs, such as the investigated miR-183 and miR-21, could be novel prognostic biomarkers of tumor progression and adverse clinical outcome in oral cancer, as well as novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
http://ift.tt/2szJXPW
Contribution of time-activity pattern and microenvironment to black carbon (BC) inhalation exposure and potential internal dose among elementary school children
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 164
Author(s): Hyeran Jeong, Donguk Park
The aims of this study were to quantify the contributions of activities or microenvironments (MEs) to daily total exposure to and potential dose of black carbon (BC). Daily BC exposures (24-h) were monitored using a micro-aethalometer micoAeth AE51 with forty school-aged children living in an urban area in Korea from August 2015 to January 2016. The children's time-activity patterns and the MEs they visited were investigated by means of a time-activity diary (TAD) and follow-up interviews with the children and their parents. Potential inhaled dose was estimated by multiplying the airborne BC concentrations (μg/m3) we monitored for the time the children spent in a particular ME by the inhalation rate (IR, m3/h) for the time-activity performed. The contribution of activities and MEs to overall daily exposure to and potential dose of BC was quantified. Overall mean daily potential dose was equal to 24.1 ± 10.6 μg/day (range: 6.6–46.3 μg/day). The largest contribution to BC exposure and potential dose (51.9% and 41.7% respectively) occurred in the home thanks to the large amount of time spent there. Transportation was where children received the most intense exposure to (14.8%) and potential dose (20.2%) of BC, while it accounted for 7.6% of daily time. School on weekdays during the semester was responsible for 20.3% of exposure and 22.5% of potential dose. Contribution to BC exposure and potential dose was altered by several time-activity parameters, such as type of day (weekdays vs. weekends; school days vs. holidays), season, and gender. Traveling by motor vehicle and subway showed more elevated exposure or potential dose intensity on weekdays or school days, probably influenced by the increased surrounding traffic volumes on these days compared to on weekends or holidays. This study may be used to prioritize targets for minimizing children's exposure to BC and to indicate outcomes of BC control strategies.
http://ift.tt/2sa6yje
Application of VUV-PIMS coupled with GC-MS in chemical characterization, identification and comparative analysis of organic components in both vehicular-derived SOA and haze particles
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 164
Author(s): Peng Zhang, Pengkun Ma, Haixu Zhang, Jinian Shu, Bo Yang, Zhen Li
Gasoline vehicle exhaust is a significant source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in megacities. In this study, chemical characterization of secondary aerosol particles from the oxidation of gasoline vehicular exhaust by O3, OH, and NO3 radicals and the airborne aerosol particles collected during a heavy haze episode (23–25 December 2015) in Beijing were elaborately investigated. The secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) collected from the exhaust and airborne aerosol particles were characterized with a newly built vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometer (VUV-PIMS) after thermal desorption, and identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained photoionization mass spectra revealed that the SOAs from the oxidation of gasoline vehicular exhaust and airborne aerosol particles possess a series of common characteristic mass peaks at m/z 98, 112, 126, and 140. The components at m/z 98, 112, 126, 140 were further identified to be carbonyl species after PFBHA derivatization followed by GC-MS analyses. The carbonyl species from exhaust SOAs were found to be responsible for 51.7%, 57.5%, 36.3%, and 27.9% of the chemical components in haze particles at m/z 98, 112, 126, and 140, respectively, which indicates that these SOA components from the oxidation of gasoline vehicular exhaust are a major factor that affects the air quality in Beijing. Among the exhaust SOAs, the carbonyl species detected simultaneously in two (P(O3/OH)) or three kinds of exhaust oxidation reactions (P(O3/NO3/OH)) make a significant contributions to these carbonyl species in haze particles (10.6% for m/z 98, 18.3% for m/z 112, 23.4% for m/z 126, and 20.5% for m/z 140). These results implies that the unsaturated VOCs (i.e. alkenes) from exhaust may be one kind of important SOA precursor and that their chemical degradation in the atmosphere may have an important impact on urban air quality in heavy polluted cities such as Beijing, especially during severe winter haze weather.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2s9HoRS
Compact Intraoperative MRI: Stereotactic Accuracy and Future Directions
Background: Intraoperative imaging must supply data that can be used for accurate stereotactic navigation. This information should be at least as accurate as that acquired from diagnostic imagers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the stereotactic accuracy of an updated compact intraoperative MRI (iMRI) device based on a 0.15-T magnet to standard surgical navigation on a 1.5-T diagnostic scan MRI and to navigation with an earlier model of the same system. Methods: The accuracy of each system was assessed using a water-filled phantom model of the brain. Data collected with the new system were compared to those obtained in a previous study assessing the older system. The accuracy of the new iMRI was measured against standard surgical navigation on a 1.5-T MRI using T1-weighted (W) images. Results: The mean error with the iMRI using T1W images was lower than that based on images from the 1.5-T scan (1.24 vs. 2.43 mm). T2W images from the newer iMRI yielded a lower navigation error than those acquired with the prior model (1.28 vs. 3.15 mm). Conclusions: Improvements in magnet design can yield progressive increases in accuracy, validating the concept of compact, low-field iMRI. Avoiding the need for registration between image and surgical space increases navigation accuracy.
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2017;95:197-204
http://ift.tt/2rZWPNZ
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2017;95:197-204
http://ift.tt/2rZWPNZ
Serum concentrations of selected organochlorine pesticides in a Lebanese population and their associations to sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary factors: ENASB study
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were banned by the Stockholm Convention many years ago; however, they are still detected in the environment due to their high persistence, their current illegal use, and their import from countries where they have not been banned. We evaluated the serum concentrations of selected OCPs (hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexanes (β-HCH), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in a sample of Lebanese adults using gas chromatography coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer detector. The mean concentrations of HCB, β-HCH, DDT, and DDE were 7.1, 8.6, 2.1, and 18.9 ng/g of lipids, respectively, and the major contributor among the four OCPs was DDE. The OCP levels in the present study were in general lower than the values observed in several countries worldwide and their concentrations at the 95th percentile were lower than the biomonitoring equivalents (BEs) excluding any appreciable health risk. We observed an inverse association between HCB concentrations and body mass index (BMI) as well as HCB, β-HCH, and DDE levels, and smoking habits. Milk consumption however was positively associated with an increased serum level of β-HCH. This study, which was the first to investigate OCP serum levels in a Lebanese population, provides a baseline to which future measurements can be compared.
http://ift.tt/2rqY3mJ
Geographic variations in female breast cancer incidence in relation to ambient air emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Abstract
A significant geographic variation of breast cancer incidence exists, with incidence rates being much higher in industrialized regions. The objective of the current study was to assess the role of environmental factors such as exposure to ambient air pollution, specifically carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that may be playing in the geographic variations in breast cancer incidence. Female breast cancer incidence and ambient air emissions of PAHs were examined in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the USA by analyzing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and the State Cancer Profiles of the National Cancer Institute and from the Environmental Protection Agency. Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between PAH emissions and breast cancer incidence in unadjusted and adjusted models. Significantly higher age-adjusted incidence rates of female breast cancer were seen in northeastern SEER regions, when compared to southeastern regions, during the years of 2000–2012. After adjusting for potential confounders, emission densities of total PAHs and four carcinogenic individual PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, naphthalene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene) showed a significantly positive association with annual incidence rates of breast cancer, with a β of 0.85 (p = 0.004), 58.37 (p = 0.010), 628.56 (p = 0.002), 0.44 (p = 0.041), and 77.68 (p = 0.002), respectively, among the northeastern and southeastern states. This study suggests a potential relationship between ambient air emissions of carcinogenic PAHs and geographic variations of female breast cancer incidence in the northeastern and southeastern US. Further investigations are needed to explore these interactions and elucidate the role of PAHs in regional variations of breast cancer incidence.
http://ift.tt/2s9SRkm
Living in a Mediterranean city in 2050: broadleaf or evergreen ‘citizens’?
Abstract
The predicted effects of global change (GC) will be exacerbated in the more densely populated cities of the future, especially in the Mediterranean basin where some environmental cues, such as drought and tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution, already mine seriously plant survival. Physiological and biochemical responses of a Mediterranean, evergreen, isohydric plant species (Quercus ilex) were compared to those of a sympatric, deciduous, anisohydric species (Q. pubescens) under severe drought (20% of the effective daily evapotranspiration) and/or chronic O3 exposure (80 ppb for 5 h day−1 for 28 consecutive days) to test which one was more successful in those highly limiting conditions. Results show that (i) the lower reduction of total leaf biomass of Q. ilex as compared to Q. pubescens when subjected to drought and drought × O3 (on average −59 vs −70%, respectively); (ii) the steeper decline of photosynthesis found in Q. pubescens under drought (−87 vs −81%) and drought × O3 (−69 vs −59%, respectively); (iii) the increments of malondialdehyde (MDA) by-products found only in drought-stressed Q. pubescens; (iv) the impact of O3, found only in Q. pubescens leaves and MDA, can be considered the best probes of the superiority of Q. ilex to counteract the effect of mild-severe drought and O3 stress. Also, an antagonistic effect was found when drought and O3 were applied simultaneously, as usually happens during typical Mediterranean summers. Our dataset suggests that on future, the urban greening should be wisely pondered on the ability of trees to cope the most impacting factors of GC, and in particular their simultaneity.
http://ift.tt/2rqmxfP
Re-irradiation after gross total resection of recurrent glioblastoma
Abstract
Background
Currently, patients with gross total resection (GTR) of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) undergo adjuvant chemotherapy or are followed up until progression. Re-irradiation, as one of the most effective treatments in macroscopic rGBM, is withheld in this situation, as uncertainties about the pattern of re-recurrence, the target volume, and also the efficacy of early re-irradiation after GTR exist.
Methods
Imaging and clinical data from 26 consecutive patients with GTR of rGBM were analyzed. The spatial pattern of recurrences was analyzed according to the RANO-HGG criteria ("response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria for high-grade gliomas"). Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Furthermore, a systematic review was performed in PubMed.
Results
All but 4 patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy after GTR. Progression was diagnosed in 20 of 26 patients and 70% of recurrent tumors occurred adjacent to the resection cavity. The median extension beyond the edge of the resection cavity was 20 mm. Median PFS was 6 months; OS was 12.8 months. We propose a target volume containing the resection cavity and every contrast enhancing lesion as the gross tumor volume (GTV), a spherical margin of 5–10 mm to generate the clinical target volume (CTV), and a margin of 1–3 mm to generate the planning target volume (PTV). Re-irradiation of this volume is deemed to be safe and likely to prolong PFS.
Conclusion
Re-irradiation is worth considering also after GTR, as the volumes that need to be treated are limited and re-irradiation has already proven to be a safe treatment option in general. The strategy of early re-irradiation is currently being tested within the GlioCave/NOA 17/Aro 2016/03 trial.
http://ift.tt/2szExo3
Editorial Board
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 108
http://ift.tt/2szTypX
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of association of chlorhexidine to photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy in root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Matheus Albino Souza, Guilherme Lima, Bianca Pazinatto, Karolina Frick Bischoff, Huriel Scartazzini Palhano, Doglas Cecchin
IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vitro, the influence of the addition of chlorhexidine to photosensitiser in the antimicrobial activity of photodynamic therapy in root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis.Methodsthe root canals of 50 single-rooted human extracted teeth were enlarged up to a file F3 of Pro-Taper system, autoclaved, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 14 days. The samples were divided into five groups (n=10) according to the protocol of decontamination: G1 (control group) − no procedure was performed; G2–photosensitiser (0.01% methylene blue); G3–2% chlorhexidine gel; G4–photodynamic therapy; and G5–photodynamic therapy with photosensitiser modified by chlorhexidine. Microbiological test (CFU counting) was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed treatments. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey test (α=0.05).ResultsGroup 3 (CHX) showed the lowest mean contamination (2.03 log10 CFU/mL), being statistically different from all other all groups (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups 4 (PDT) and 5 (PDT+CHX) (p<0.05), being more effectives against E. faecalis when compared to groups 1 (NT) and 2 (MB), and less effective when compared to group 2 (CHX).Conclusionsthe addition of chlorhexidine to photosensitiser did not result in a better decontamination potential of photodynamic therapy over root canals infected by E. faecalis.
http://ift.tt/2tkT43t
A retrospective study: Can we differentiate between repeat self-inflicted burn patients and those who commit a self-inflicted burn as an individual occurrence?
Self-inflicted burns (SIB) are a significant cause of burns morbidity worldwide. A sub-group of SIB patients demonstrate recurrent SIB behaviour causing repeated morbidity and an increasing strain on hospital resources. The ability to predict which patients are likely to demonstrate repeat behaviour will allow for more targeted intervention in this group. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that differentiate patients who repeat SIB from those who commit SIB as an individual occurrence.
http://ift.tt/2szIXuV
Hyperoside inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in microglial cells via p38 and NFκB pathways
Publication date: September 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 50
Author(s): Hui-Hui Fan, Lan-Bing Zhu, Ting Li, Hui Zhu, Ya-Nan Wang, Xiao-Li Ren, Bei-Lei Hu, Chen-Ping Huang, Jian-Hong Zhu, Xiong Zhang
Hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactoside) is an active compound isolated from herbs. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism involved in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potentiality of hyperoside in inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. BV2 microglial cells were pretreated with hyperoside and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that hyperoside significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Similar results were observed in primary microglial cells isolated from neonatal mice. Analyses in MAPK and NFκB signaling combined with specific inhibitors suggested that hyperoside attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory responses via p38 and NFκB pathways. Furthermore, hyperoside suppressed reactive microglia-mediated neurotoxicity as evidenced by conditioned media culture, but had no direct impact on MPP+-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Collectively, our data suggest that hyperoside may serve as a protective agent by alleviating microglia activation in disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Editorial Board
Source:Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger, Volume 212
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OBC
Source:Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger, Volume 212
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Dermatopathology Education in the Era of Modern Technology
ABSTRACT
Continuing technological advances are inevitably impacting the study and practice of dermatopathology. We are seeing the transition from glass slide microscopy to virtual microscopy, which is serving both as an accessible educational medium for medical students, residents and fellows in the form of online databases and atlases, as well as a research tool to better inform us regarding the development of visual diagnostic expertise. Expansion in mobile technology is simplifying slide image attainment and providing greater opportunities for phone- and tablet-based microscopy, including teledermatopathology instruction and consultation in resource-poor areas with lack of specialists. Easily accessible mobile and computer-based applications ("apps"), including myDermPath and Clearpath, are providing an interactive medium for dermatopathology instruction. The Internet and social networking sites are enabling rapid global communication of dermatopathology information and image-sharing, promoting collaborative diagnostic, research, and importantly scholastic endeavors.
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Phosphohistone-H3 and Ki67: Useful Markers in Differentiating Dermatofibroma From Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans and Atypical Fibrohistiocytic Lesions.
Dermatofibromas (DF) are common, benign, skin tumors, usually easily differentiated from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) by the presence of a relative low cellularity, lesser degree of infiltration of subcutaneous tissue, and immunohistochemical pattern (eg, FXIIIa in DF and CD34 in DFSP). Atypical fibrohistiocytic lesions (AFL) have features intermediate to DF and DFSP (trunk location, storiform pattern, infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue, and focal expression of both CD34 and Factor XIIIa). It is unclear if mitotic counts/degree of proliferation is helpful to distinguish DF from DFSP. To study the mitotic rate and proliferation index in DF, AFL/DFSP, anti-ki67, and anti-PHH3 were performed on 10 cases of DF (including 4 cellular DF), 10 standard DFSP, and 2 AFL. The proliferation index and mitotic figures were counted per square millimeter in a "hotspot" (in a fashion similar to mitotic counts in melanoma). All cases of DF showed much higher Ki67 proliferation index (P = 0.0001) along with increased mitotic figures both on H&E and with anti-PHH3 (P = 0.0001) when compared to AFL/DFSP. Our data indicate that DF has a higher proliferation index and mitotic counts when compared to superficial/peripheral portion of AFL and DFSP. This finding may be helpful in the differential diagnosis among these fibrohistiocytic lesions. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Plaque-Like Pilar Sheath Acanthoma: Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 3 Unusual Cases.
Pilar sheath acanthoma is an uncommon, benign follicular neoplasm that frequently presents as a solitary lesion. This neoplasm usually appears on the skin around the upper lip of elderly patients. Histopathologically, the neoplasm usually shows a cystic configuration with epithelial lobules resembling to those of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle at the level of the isthmus emanating radially from the cyst wall. We present 3 peculiar cases of a pilar sheath acanthoma showing a plaque-like architecture because the lesions exhibited a horizontal configuration. To our knowledge, there are no previously reported examples of plaque-like pilar sheath acanthoma. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Limitations of vitamin D supplementation trials: why observational studies will continue to help determine the role of vitamin D in health
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2017
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Author(s): Robert Scragg
Observational studies have shown that low vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of a wide range of diseases. The body of observational evidence now is so large, that there have been many calls for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of vitamin D supplementation to confirm once and for all whether increasing body vitamin D levels prevents these diseases. These calls have arisen because of concern that confounding and reverse causation may explain many of the results from observational studies. However, RCTs also are prone to limitations that compromise their validity. These include low response rates that affect their external validity; and biases that affect their internal validity, such as recruitment of vitamin D sufficient people which decreases the power to detect beneficial effects, studies of long-term outcomes requiring participation for many years which decreases compliance and retention, and easy access for participants to vitamin D supplements and blood testing which increase contamination and unblinding. Because of these potential limitations, it is possible that RCTs of vitamin D supplementation may not to give a clear answer by themselves. Future decisions about the role of vitamin D in health are likely to be based on the evidence from a range of study designs including RCTs, mendelian randomization studies and other observational designs.
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Metabolism of Sex Steroids Is Influenced by Acquired Adiposity–a Study of Young Adult Male Monozygotic Twin Pairs
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2017
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Author(s): Veera Vihma, Jussi Naukkarinen, Ursula Turpeinen, Esa Hämäläinen, Jaakko Kaprio, Aila Rissanen, Sini Heinonen, Antti Hakkarainen, Jesper Lundbom, Nina Lundbom, Tomi S. Mikkola, Matti J. Tikkanen, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
Obesity and ageing are associated with lower serum testosterone levels in men. How fat distribution or adipose tissue metabolism, independent of genetic factors and age, are related to sex steroid metabolism is less clear. We studied the associations between adiposity and serum sex hormone concentrations, and mRNA expression of genes regulating sex hormone metabolism in adipose tissue in young adult male monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs. The subjects [n=18 pairs; mean age, 32 years; individual body mass indexes (BMIs) 22–36kg/m2] included 9 male MZ twin pairs discordant for BMI [intra-pair difference (Δ) in BMI ≥3kg/m2]. Sex steroid concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, and mRNA expressions from subcutaneous adipose tissue by Affymetrix. In BMI-discordant pairs (mean ΔBMI=5.9kg/m2), serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was lower [mean 1.9 (SD 0.7) vs. 2.4 (1.0) nmol/l, P=0.040] and mRNA expressions of DHT-inactivating AKR1C2 (P=0.021) and cortisol-producing HSD11B1 (P=0.008) higher in the heavier compared to the leaner co-twins. Serum free 17β-estradiol (E2) was higher [2.3 (0.5) vs. 1.9 (0.5) pmol/l, P=0.028], and in all twin pairs, serum E2 and estrone concentrations were higher in the heavier than in the leaner co-twins [107 (28) vs. 90 (22) pmol/l, P=0.006; and 123 (43) vs. 105 (27) pmol/l, P=0.025]. Within all twin pairs, i.e. independent of genetic effects and age, 1) the amount of subcutaneous fat inversely correlated with serum total and free testosterone, DHT, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations (P <0.01 for all), 2) intra-abdominal fat with total testosterone and SHBG (P <0.05), and 3) liver fat with SHBG (P=0.006). Also, 4) general and intra-abdominal adiposity correlated positively with mRNA expressions of AKR1C2, HSD11B1, and aromatase in adipose tissue (P <0.05). In conclusion, acquired adiposity was associated with decreased serum DHT and increased estrogen concentrations, independent of genetic factors and age. The reduction of DHT could be linked to its increased degradation (by AKR1C2 and HSD11B1) and increased estrogen levels to increased adiposity-related expression of aromatase in adipose tissue.
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Differential proteome analysis of hippocampus and temporal cortex using label-free based 2D-LC-MS/MS
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2017
Source:Journal of Proteomics
Author(s): Xiaoyan Liu, Zhengguang Guo, Wei Liu, Wei Sun, Chao Ma
Hippocampus and temporal cortex are important brain regions, which play distinct, but complimentary roles in mediating learning and memory. Herein, we utilized label-free differential proteome strategy to explore function of normal human hippocampus and temporal cortex in learning and memory. As a result, a total of 5529 and 5702 proteins were identified in hippocampus and temporal cortex, respectively, 516 of which were significantly differential expressed, with abundance span 5 orders of magnitudes. Pathways analysis showed that temporal cortex was involved in growth of axons growth and synapse density regulation, through which could regulate long-term potentiation and long-term retention of trace memory. Hippocampus was involved in regulation of cell survival and cell viability, and regulates neurons proliferation by actin dynamics changes, through which involved in both short-term memory and long-term memory. Four selected differential proteins were further validated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. For the first time, we identified proteins and associated pathways of hippocampus and temporal cortex in human cognition process using proteomic strategy, which would provide references for generating corresponding insights in hippocampus and temporal cortex-related cognitive function. The original data files can be downloaded at http://ift.tt/2srghVA (password: kYxh).SignificanceThis study explored the potential molecular mechanism of hippocampus and temporal cortex in human cognition function using proteomics strategy, which will offer a baseline reference for further cognitive disorders study and reveal insight into physiology of temporal cortex and hippocampus.
Graphical abstract
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Analysis of protein complexes in Arabidopsis leaves using size exclusion chromatography and label-free protein correlation profiling
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2017
Source:Journal of Proteomics
Author(s): Uma K. Aryal, Zachary McBride, Donglai Chen, Jun Xie, Daniel B. Szymanski
Protein complexes are fundamentally important for diverse cellular functions, and create functionalities that could never be achieved by a single polypeptide. Knowledge of the protein complex assemblies that exist in plant cells are limited. To close this gap, we applied an integrative proteomic approach that combines cell fractionation, protein chromatography and quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze the oligomerization state of thousands of proteins in a single experiment. Soluble extracts from intact Arabidopsis leaves were fractionated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and abundance profiles across the column fractions were quantified using label-free precursor ion (MS1) intensity. In duplicate experiments, we reproducibly detected 1693 proteins, of which 983 proteins were cytosolic. Based on the SEC profiles, approximately one third of all of the soluble proteins were predicted to be oligomeric. Our dataset includes both subunits of previously known complexes as well as hundreds of new protein complexes. The label-free MS1-based quantification method described here produced a highly useful dataset for the plant biology community, and provided a foundation to incorporate orthogonal protein complex separation methods so the composition and dynamics of protein complexes can be analyzed based on LC/MS profile data alone.
Graphical abstract
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Fast-responding bio-based shape memory thermoplastic polyurethanes
Publication date: 14 July 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 121
Author(s): Zoran S. Petrović, Jelena Milić, Fan Zhang, Jan Ilavsky
Novel fast-responding shape-memory polyurethanes were prepared from bio-based polyols, diphenyl methane diisocyanate and butane diol for the first time. The bio-based polyester polyols were synthesized from 9-hydroxynonanoic acid, a product obtained by ozonolysis of fatty acids extracted from soy oil and castor oil. The morphology of polyurethanes was investigated by synchrotron ultra-small angle X-ray scattering, which revealed the inter-domain spacing between the hard and soft phases, the degree of phase separation, and the level of intermixing between the hard and soft phases. We also conducted thorough investigations of the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the polyurethanes, and found that high crystallization rate of the soft segment gives these polyurethanes unique properties suitable for shape-memory applications, such as adjustable transition temperatures, high degree of elastic elongations, and good mechanical strength. These materials are also potentially biodegradable and biocompatible, therefore suitable for biomedical and environmental applications.
Graphical abstract
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Cardiovascular stress during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Dominik Zbogar, Janice J. Eng, William C. Miller, Andrei V. Krassioukov, Mary C. Verrier
Objectives1) To measure the amount of a) cardiovascular stress, b) self-reported physical activity and c) accelerometry-measured physical activity by individuals with SCI during physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) and, 2) to investigate the relationship between these measures.DesignObservational study.SettingTwo inpatient SCI rehabilitation centres.ParticipantsSCI patients (n=87) were recruited from consecutive admissions to rehabilitation.Main Outcome MeasuresHeart rate (HR) was recorded by a Holter monitor, while physical activity was captured by self-report (PARA-SCI questionnaire) and real-time wrist accelerometry during a total 334 PT and OT inpatient sessions. Differences between individuals with paraplegia and tetraplegia were assessed via Mann-Whitney U tests. Spearman correlations were used to explore the relationship between measurements of physical activity and HR.ResultsTime spent at a HR within a cardiovascular training zone (≥ 40% heart rate reserve) was low and did not exceed a median 5 minutes. In contrast, individuals reported at least 60 minutes of higher intensity time during therapy. There was a low, but statistically significant correlation between all measures.ConclusionThe cardiovascular stress incurred by individuals with SCI during inpatient PT and OT sessions is low and not sufficient to obtain a cardiovascular training effect to optimize their neurological, cardiovascular, or musculoskeletal health; this represents a lost opportunity to maximize rehabilitation. Self-reported minutes of higher intensity PA do not reflect actual time spent at higher intensity measured objectively via a HR monitor.
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Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during Cardiac Rehabilitation
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Nienke ter Hoeve, Madoka Sunamura, Myrna E. van Geffen, Malou H.J. Fanchamps, Herwin L.D. Horemans, Johannes B.J. Bussmann, Henk J. Stam, Ron T. van Domburg, Rita J.G. van den Berg-Emons
ObjectiveTo objectively measure changes in both moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) during and after standard cardiac rehabilitation (CR).DesignProspective cohort studySettingOutpatient CR centerParticipants135 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who completed CR.InterventionMulti-disciplinary CR according to current guidelinesMain outcome measuresThe proportion of time spent in MVPA and SB was objectively measured with an accelerometer. The distribution of time in MVPA and SB was also determined (e.g. average length of time periods spent in MVPA and SB). All measurements were obtained prior to CR, following CR and at one-year follow-up.ResultsPatients'time in MVPA during waking hours increased by 0.65% (≈5 min) during CR (p=0.002), and remained increased at one-year follow-up (p=0.037). The MVPA distribution did not change. During CR, time spent in SB decreased by 2.49% (≈22 min; p<0.001), and SB time became more fragmented with more breaks and shorter SB periods (p<0.001). These SB improvements were maintained at one-year follow-up (p<0.001).ConclusionsPatients with ACS achieved a small improvement in MVPA time during CR but MVPA distribution remained unchanged. More substantial improvements occurred for SB time and distribution. However, by the end of CR, patients still spent relatively little time in MVPA and a long time in SB, which is known to be detrimental to cardiovascular health. Although CR programs have the potential to improve physical behavior, our findings highlight the need to develop adjusted CR targets that address amount and distribution of MVPA and SB.
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Design and fabrication of covalently linked PEGylated nanohybrids of ZnO quantum dots with preserved and tunable fluorescence
Publication date: 5 October 2017
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 131
Author(s): Muhammad Saad Salman, Asim Riaz, Azhar Iqbal, Sonia Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar, Saima Shabbir
Non-toxicity, high photo stability, biocompatibility and long lasting narrow emissions are some prime factors for an efficient biological marker. Unfortunately, commercial dyes and Cd-based fluorescent probes do not have such characteristics. Therefore, an efficient fluorescent probe is extremely desirable. Herein, functionalized ZnO quantum dots (QDs) and their nanohybrids with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared by a room temperature solution growth tactic using 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (3-ICPTES) as a coupling agent. Isocyanato functional groups were hosted on the surface of as prepared ZnO QDs by introducing optimized stoichiometric amounts of 3-ICPTES. The ZnO QDs were further bonded covalently to PEG via urethane linkages by the reaction of isocyanato functionalized ZnO QDs and hydroxyl groups from PEG molecules. The fluorescence was tuned from cyan to yellowish color after the functionalization of ZnO QDs with 3-ICPTES. Moreover, PEGylated nanohybrids showed greater water dispensability with photoluminescence preserved for at least six months. The present synthesis and coupling strategy for QDs may open up new ways to achieve biocompatible nanohybrids with higher stability and efficient luminescence for bio-imaging and biomedical applications.
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Lymphatic invasion and the Shields index in melanoma metastases predicting
Findings of the prognostic significance of lymphatic invasion are contradictory. In order to find out as efficient cutaneous melanoma metastasis predictor as possible Shields et al. have created a new prognostic index. The aim of this study was to examine if the lymphatic invasion analysis and the Shields index calculation can be used in predicting lymph nodes status in patients with cutaneous melanoma.
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Τρίτη 13 Ιουνίου 2017
Automatic multimodal detection for long-term seizure documentation in epilepsy
Source:Clinical Neurophysiology, Volume 128, Issue 8
Author(s): F. Fürbass, S. Kampusch, E. Kaniusas, J. Koren, S. Pirker, R. Hopfengärtner, H. Stefan, T. Kluge, C. Baumgartner
ObjectiveThis study investigated sensitivity and false detection rate of a multimodal automatic seizure detection algorithm and the applicability to reduced electrode montages for long-term seizure documentation in epilepsy patients.MethodsAn automatic seizure detection algorithm based on EEG, EMG, and ECG signals was developed. EEG/ECG recordings of 92 patients from two epilepsy monitoring units including 494 seizures were used to assess detection performance. EMG data were extracted by bandpass filtering of EEG signals. Sensitivity and false detection rate were evaluated for each signal modality and for reduced electrode montages.ResultsAll focal seizures evolving to bilateral tonic-clonic (BTCS, n=50) and 89% of focal seizures (FS, n=139) were detected. Average sensitivity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients was 94% and 74% in extratemporal lobe epilepsy (XTLE) patients. Overall detection sensitivity was 86%. Average false detection rate was 12.8 false detections in 24h (FD/24h) for TLE and 22 FD/24h in XTLE patients. Utilization of 8 frontal and temporal electrodes reduced average sensitivity from 86% to 81%.ConclusionOur automatic multimodal seizure detection algorithm shows high sensitivity with full and reduced electrode montages.SignificanceEvaluation of different signal modalities and electrode montages paces the way for semi-automatic seizure documentation systems.
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Brain network dynamics in the human articulatory loop
Source:Clinical Neurophysiology, Volume 128, Issue 8
Author(s): Masaaki Nishida, Anna Korzeniewska, Nathan E. Crone, Goichiro Toyoda, Yasuo Nakai, Noa Ofen, Erik C. Brown, Eishi Asano
ObjectiveThe articulatory loop is a fundamental component of language function, involved in the short-term buffer of auditory information followed by its vocal reproduction. We characterized the network dynamics of the human articulatory loop, using invasive recording and stimulation.MethodsWe measured high-gamma activity70–110 Hz recorded intracranially when patients with epilepsy either only listened to, or listened to and then reproduced two successive tones by humming. We also conducted network analyses, and analyzed behavioral responses to cortical stimulation.ResultsPresentation of the initial tone elicited high-gamma augmentation bilaterally in the superior-temporal gyrus (STG) within 40ms, and in the precentral and inferior-frontal gyri (PCG and IFG) within 160ms after sound onset. During presentation of the second tone, high-gamma augmentation was reduced in STG but enhanced in IFG. The task requiring tone reproduction further enhanced high-gamma augmentation in PCG during and after sound presentation. Event-related causality (ERC) analysis revealed dominant flows within STG immediately after sound onset, followed by reciprocal interactions involving PCG and IFG. Measurement of cortico-cortical evoked-potentials (CCEPs) confirmed connectivity between distant high-gamma sites in the articulatory loop. High-frequency stimulation of precentral high-gamma sites in either hemisphere induced speech arrest, inability to control vocalization, or forced vocalization. Vocalization of tones was accompanied by high-gamma augmentation over larger extents of PCG.ConclusionsBilateral PCG rapidly and directly receives feed-forward signals from STG, and may promptly initiate motor planning including sub-vocal rehearsal for short-term buffering of auditory stimuli. Enhanced high-gamma augmentation in IFG during presentation of the second tone may reflect high-order processing of the tone sequence.SignificanceThe articulatory loop employs sustained reciprocal propagation of neural activity across a network of cortical sites with strong neurophysiological connectivity.
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Calendar
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), Volume 43, Issue 7
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Pulmonary metastasectomy – A retrospective comparison of surgical outcomes after laser-assisted and conventional resection
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), Volume 43, Issue 7
Author(s): K. Franzke, R. Natanov, N. Zinne, T.K. Rajab, C. Biancosino, I. Zander, S. Lodziewski, M. Ricklefs, I. Kropivnitskaya, J.D. Schmitto, A. Haverich, M. Krüger
IntroductionIndications and surgical techniques for pulmonary metastasectomy (PME) are controversially discussed issues. Laser-assisted surgery (LAS) is a recent innovation that has been advocated especially in patients with multiple pulmonary metastases (PM). However, there are hardly any studies comparing surgical outcomes after laser-assisted and conventional resection. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the value of LAS in a larger study population.Materials & methodsA retrospective analysis was completed on 178 consecutive patients undergoing 236 PMEs at a single center between 2010 and 2015. The main endpoint was survival. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and survival rates were compared with the log rank test. Follow-up was done with special attention to the development of recurrent PM. Local relapse was defined as a recurrent metastasis in direct relation to the previously resected area according to CT scan comparisons.ResultsLAS was performed on 256 metastases in 99 patients, non-laser-assisted surgery (NLAS) on 127 metastases in 79 patients. 5-year-survival rates were 69.3% in all patients, 65.7% after LAS and 73.6% after NLAS. There was no statistically significant survival difference after LAS or NLAS (p = 0.41). The rate of local relapse was 0.8% after LAS vs 3.1% after NLAS (p = 0.073).ConclusionDespite a larger number of negative predictors for survival in LAS patients, overall survival (OS) was similar in the compared groups. There was also a trend for a lower risk of local relapses after LAS. Therefore, LAS should be considered a promising method for PME.
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The evolving clinical management of cerebral metastases
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), Volume 43, Issue 7
Author(s): R. Sinha, W. Sage, C. Watts
Concepts in the management of brain metastases are evolving. Until recently, brain metastases have been considered as a homogenous condition, managed with whole brain radiotherapy, surgical resection for large lesions and stereotactic radiosurgery for smaller lesions. Increasingly, specific systemic medical therapies are being used to treat brain metastases based on the primary site of disease. This disease specific management is causing a change in perspective about brain metastases and has led to improved survival for patients with primary disease subtypes amenable to tailored medical therapies. We review the recent literature to present evidence for the use of subtype specific medical therapies, advances in surgical resection techniques and stereotactic radiosurgery as the primary treatment modalities. The decline in use of whole brain radiotherapy as first line treatment is also discussed. Based on the recent literature, we propose a new management algorithm to reflect the progress in available options for tailoring disease specific treatments and support the change in paradigm to consider brain metastases as separate disease states based on the primary site of cancer rather than as a homogenous entity.
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Editorial Board
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), Volume 43, Issue 7
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Announcements
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO), Volume 43, Issue 7
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