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Σάββατο 29 Ιουλίου 2017
Scholar : These new articles for Australian Journal of Earth Sciences are available online
Scholar : These new articles for Aphasiology are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition are available online
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Scholar : Chemistry and Ecology, Volume 33, Issue 7, August 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : These new articles for Applied Measurement in Education are available online
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Scholar : Journal of Human Rights, Volume 16, Issue 3, July-September 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : These new articles for Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Asian Security are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Bulletin of Spanish Studies are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Environmental Claims Journal are available online
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Anxiety-like behavioural effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field in rats
Abstract
In recent years, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) has received considerable attention for its potential biological effects. Numerous studies have shown the role of ELF-EMF in behaviour modulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term ELF-EMF (50 Hz) in the development of anxiety-like behaviour in rats through change hypothalamic oxidative stress and NO. Ten adult male rats (Wistar albino) were divided in two groups: control group—without exposure to ELF-EMF and experimental group—exposed to ELF-EMF during 7 days. After the exposure, time open field test and elevated plus maze were used to evaluate the anxiety-like behaviour of rats. Upon completion of the behavioural tests, concentrations of superoxide anion (O2·−), nitrite (NO2−, as an indicator of NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) were determined in the hypothalamus of the animals. Obtained results show that ELF-EMF both induces anxiety-like behaviour and increases concentrations of O2·− and NO, whereas it did not effect on ONOO− concentration in hypothalamus of rats. In conclusion, the development of anxiety-like behaviour is mediated by oxidative stress and increased NO concentration in hypothalamus of rats exposed to ELF-EMF during 7 days.
http://ift.tt/2uHyGgv
Localized Cutaneous Argyria From a Nasal Piercing Successfully Treated With a Picosecond 755-nm Q-Switched Alexandrite Laser
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2uHxV79
Detection of High-Risk Histologic Features and Tumor Upstaging of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers on Debulk Analysis: A Quantitative Systematic Review
BACKGROUND: Histologic analysis of tumor debulks from Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) or wide local excision may lead to the detection of adverse features missed on initial biopsy. OBJECTIVE: Determine the incidence of (1) high-risk features on debulk analysis compared with initial biopsy and (2) upstaging of tumors on debulk analysis according to the American Joint Committee of Cancer-7th Edition (AJCC-7) and the Brigham and Women's Alternative (BWH) staging criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy using PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE was conducted to identify articles published from 1960 to present that detail histology of initial biopsy and debulked tumor. RESULTS: Fourteen studies, encompassing 2,565 cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were included in the data extraction process. BCCs (30.9%) were reclassified from a low-risk histologic subtype to a high-risk subtype on debulk analysis (phttp://ift.tt/2uHV9dv
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature
BACKGROUND: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous neoplasm that commonly occurs on the face. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review the current literature on MAC pertaining to epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histology, immunohistochemistry, prognosis, follow-up, and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extensive literature review was conducted using OVID MEDLINE and PubMed to identify articles relating to MAC. RESULTS: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma typically presents as a skin-colored nodule on the face. The pathogenesis is mostly related to pilar and eccrine differentiation. Histologically, MAC can mimic syringoma, desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, and infiltrative basal cell carcinoma. Diagnosis is challenging because superficial shave biopsies may reveal only benign findings that do not warrant further management. A deep biopsy is mandatory for the correct diagnosis, and Mohs micrographic surgery provides the highest cure rate. CONCLUSION: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a locally aggressive disease with histological margins that often far surpass what is clinically suspected. Mohs micrographic surgery is the standard of care for removal of these lesions. Patients with a history of MAC should be examined at least every 6 months for recurrence, metastasis, and development of additional skin cancers.http://ift.tt/2uHV89r
Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia After Cryoadipolysis Refractory to Tumescent Liposuction
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2uHV7Cp
Long-Term Outcomes of Melanoma In Situ Treated With Topical 5% Imiquimod Cream: A Retrospective Review
BACKGROUND: Melanoma in situ (MIS) is a noninvasive form of melanoma for which nonsurgical therapeutic options continue to be explored. The off-label use of topical 5% imiquimod cream in the management of MIS has shown potential but reported recurrence rates vary considerably between 0% and 40%. Furthermore, the long-term efficacy of imiquimod is not well established. OBJECTIVE: To determine the recurrence rate of MIS among patients treated with topical 5% imiquimod cream at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center with at least 1 year of follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective chart review identified 12 patients with MIS who have been treated with topical 5% imiquimod cream for 6 to 12 weeks. Patients who underwent surgical treatment for MIS were excluded from analysis. RESULTS: Of 12 patients with histologically confirmed MIS treated with topical 5% imiquimod cream, there were 2 recurrences (17%) during a median follow-up time of 5.5 years. CONCLUSION: Although surgery is still considered the gold standard for the treatment of MIS, imiquimod may represent a potentially effective noninvasive treatment option for patient who are not surgical candidates.http://ift.tt/2uHV75n
Repair of Two Adjacent Defects of the Lateral Nasal Tip and Ala
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2uHtRDT
Histological Mohs Maps Improve the Accuracy of Dermatology Residents' Interpretations of Mohs Slides: A Pilot Study
BACKGROUND: Effective Mohs surgery depends on accurate histopathological identification and mapping of tumor burden to ensure complete removal of tumor. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether using a photograph of the histopathological slide as the Mohs map improves mapping accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-blinded pilot study. Five dermatology residents at one academic institution mapped 11 cases of basal cell carcinoma using both traditional hand-drawn maps and color photographic maps. Residents' marked maps were assessed for global diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity compared with the Mohs map verified by the attending surgeon on the day of surgery. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were higher using the photographic Mohs maps compared with using the traditional hand-drawn maps (58.2% vs 29.1%, 84.5% vs 76.4%, and 87.1% vs 70.8%, respectively). These results were statistically significant for accuracy and specificity, but not for sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Using histopathological photographs as the Mohs map significantly improved accuracy and specificity within a small group of residents with limited Mohs experience. More research is warranted to evaluate whether using histopathological photographs improves accuracy of Mohs mapping for experienced Mohs surgeons in a real-world setting, and whether this translates to improved clinical outcomes.http://ift.tt/2uHV61j
A Persistent Plantar Wart Treated With a 532-nm Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Laser
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2uHqnl4
Determinants and Timeline of Perioperative Anxiety in Mohs Surgery
BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) exhibit anxiety relating to cancer cure or the expected cosmetic outcome. OBJECTIVE: To obtain quantitative measurements of perioperative cancer and cosmetic anxiety levels in first-time MMS patients. Parameters influencing anxiety and its natural course were assessed. METHODS: Prospective, single-blinded, questionnaire study of 173 patients undergoing MMS of the face. Anxiety levels were assessed using a visual analog scale preoperatively and postoperatively over 6 months. RESULTS: Mohs patients demonstrate a trend to greater or equal anxiety about cancer over cosmesis at all measured time points, but differences only reached statistical significance beginning 1 week postoperatively. Clinically relevant lowering of cancer anxiety levels is delayed until 3 months postoperatively. Cosmetic anxiety reaches a clinically relevant improvement by 1 week. The intuitive predictors of cosmetic anxiety, namely female gender and younger age, were quantitatively reinforced in this study. The predictor of cancer anxiety was the use of preoperative lorazepam. CONCLUSION: To maximize patient care, Mohs surgeons must be aware of covert patient anxieties and the parameters, which influence these anxieties. Identifying and anticipating the course of cancer- and cosmetic-related anxieties will reduce patient fears, improving their satisfaction with the MMS experience.http://ift.tt/2uHnUal
Three-Dimensional Imaging as a Novel Method of Evaluating the Longevity of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in a Mouse Model
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2uHqHA6
Elongated Dorsal Nasal Flap to Reconstruct Large Defects of the Nose
BACKGROUND: The typical reconstructive option for closing large-sized defects of the distal half of the nose is the paramedian forehead flap. Other alternatives are a melolabial interpolation flap and bilobed or trilobed flaps. The dorsal nasal (Rieger) flap is suitable for closing small-sized defects at this location, especially when they are medially located. OBJECTIVE: The authors describe a modified dorsal nasal flap reconstruction for large nasal defects. The novelty of this study lies in lengthening the leading edge of flap rotation, which may provide tissue either from the adjacent nasal skin, the nasofacial groove, or the cheek. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with large defects (>20 mm) of the nose who underwent modified dorsal nasal flap repair between January 2004 and March 2015 at a single academic center. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients (16 male, 11 female; ages 44–88, mean age 62 years) had defects (the smallest 15 × 21 mm, and the largest 32 × 37 mm) on the lower portion of the nasal pyramid. Follow-up ranged from 12 months to 11 years with good or excellent results in all cases. CONCLUSION: Elongated dorsal nasal flap is a reproducible one-stage flap for large defects of the nose, with minimal risk of aesthetic or functional complications.http://ift.tt/2uHvHox
Photography in Dermatologic Surgery: Selection of an Appropriate Camera Type for a Particular Clinical Application
BACKGROUND: Photographs are an essential tool for the documentation and sharing of findings in dermatologic surgery, and various camera types are available. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the currently available camera types in view of the special functional needs of procedural dermatologists. METHODS: Mobile phone, point and shoot, digital single-lens reflex (DSLR), digital medium format, and 3-dimensional cameras were compared in terms of their usefulness for dermatologic surgeons. For each camera type, the image quality, as well as the other practical benefits and limitations, were evaluated with reference to a set of ideal camera characteristics. Based on these assessments, recommendations were made regarding the specific clinical circumstances in which each camera type would likely be most useful. RESULTS: Mobile photography may be adequate when ease of use, availability, and accessibility are prioritized. Point and shoot cameras and DSLR cameras provide sufficient resolution for a range of clinical circumstances, while providing the added benefit of portability. Digital medium format cameras offer the highest image quality, with accurate color rendition and greater color depth. Three-dimensional imaging may be optimal for the definition of skin contour. CONCLUSION: The selection of an optimal camera depends on the context in which it will be used.http://ift.tt/2uHsDsp
The Facial Platysma and Its Underappreciated Role in Lower Face Dynamics and Contour
BACKGROUND: The platysma is a superficial muscle involved in important features of the aging neck. Vertical bands, horizontal lines, and loss of lower face contour are effectively treated with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). However, its pars facialis, mandibularis, and modiolaris have been underappreciated. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the role of BoNT-A treatment of the upper platysma and its impact on lower face dynamics and contour. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of cases treated by an injection pattern encompassing the facial platysma components, aiming to block the lower face as a whole complex. It consisted of 2 intramuscular injections into the mentalis muscle and 2 horizontal lines of BoNT-A injections superficially performed above and below the mandible (total dose, 16 onabotulinumtoxinA U/side). Photographs were taken at rest and during motion (frontal and oblique views), before and after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 161 patients have been treated in the last 2 years with the following results: frontal and lateral enhancement of lower facial contour, relaxation of high horizontal lines located just below the lateral mandibular border, and lower deep vertical smile lines present lateral to the oral commissures and melomental folds. CONCLUSION: The upper platysma muscle plays a relevant role in the functional anatomy of the lower face that can be modulated safely with neuromodulators.http://ift.tt/2vSLZJQ
Allograft Dermal Matrix for Restoration of Facial Contour Deformities
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2vSamqM
Successful Treatment of Under-Eye Pigmentation in Skin Type IV With a Picosecond Alexandrite Laser With Diffractive Lens Array
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2uHV0Xv
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing Followed by Ultrashort Incubation Aminolevulinic Acid Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis
BACKGROUND: Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment option for actinic keratosis (AK), and recently fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was shown to improve outcomes; but studies of short incubation photosensitizer are lacking. OBJECTIVE: Assess the efficacy of short incubation ALA followed by blue light PDT with and without previous fractional CO2 treatment for the treatment of AK. METHODS: Randomized, paired split-design, controlled trial of fractional CO2 followed by ultrashort 15-minute versus 30-minute incubation ALA and blue light PDT for the treatment of AK on the face. RESULTS: The complete clearance rates (CRs) at 8 weeks after ALA PDT with and without FxCO2 at 30- and 15-minute ALA incubation times were 89.78% (+FxCO2) versus 71.20% CR (−FxCO2) at 30′, and 86.38% (+FxCO2) versus 69.23% (−FxCO2) at 15′ ALA incubation. All lesion improvements were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This randomized, comparative paired group controlled clinical study demonstrates that ultrashort 15- and 30-minute incubation ALA PDTs are of limited efficacy for the treatment of AK. Pretreatment with fractional ablative resurfacing yields statistically significant greater AK clearance with ALA-PDT at ultrashort ALA incubations followed by blue light.http://ift.tt/2uHsDJ2
Noncultured Epidermal Cell Suspension, in Combination With Carbon Dioxide Laser, Improves Punch Grafting Complications
No abstract availablehttp://ift.tt/2uH02Dy
Ultrasound Evaluation as a Complementary Test in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Proposal of a Standarized Report
BACKGROUND: Staging and monitoring of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have been traditionally based on clinical findings. However, the physical examination may show important limitations because of its poor sensitivity for differentiating between different lesion subtypes, and its low sensitivity to define the disease's activity. OBJECTIVE: To develop a consensus ultrasound (US) report that could summarize the relevant anatomical characteristics and staging of patients considering the experience of radiologists and dermatologists working on imaging of HS. METHODS: A questionnaire on different aspects related to US examination in HS was performed. A working group, called DERMUS, composed of doctors from 9 countries who have been working in dermatologic US applied in patients with HS on a regular basis were included to evaluate the different items provided. RESULTS: A consensus US report to evaluate HS patients was established. CONCLUSION: The authors present the first attempt to define a HS standardized sonographic report. This model would be the first effort to include this imaging technique as the first elective medical test for staging and monitoring patients, which can support therapeutic decisions by providing earlier, objective, deeper, anatomical, and comparative evaluations in this difficult to treat disease.http://ift.tt/2uHsBkh
Decrease in endogenous brain allopregnanolone induces autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behavior in mice: A novel animal model of ASD
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 334
Author(s): Ken Ebihara, Hironori Fujiwara, Suresh Awale, Dya Fita Dibwe, Ryota Araki, Takeshi Yabe, Kinzo Matsumoto
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with core symptoms of social impairments and restrictive repetitive behaviors. Recent evidence has implicated a dysfunction in the GABAergic system in the pathophysiology of ASD. We investigated the role of endogenous allopregnanolone (ALLO), a neurosteroidal positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, in the regulation of ASD-like behavior in male mice using SKF105111 (SKF), an inhibitor of type I and type II 5α-reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme of ALLO biosynthesis. SKF impaired sociability-related performance, as analyzed by three different tests; i.e., the 3-chamber test and social interaction in the open field and resident-intruder tests, without affecting olfactory function elucidated by the buried food test. SKF also induced repetitive grooming behavior without affecting anxiety-like behavior. SKF had no effect on short-term spatial working memory or long-term fear memory, but enhanced latent learning ability in male mice. SKF-induced ASD-like behavior in male mice was abolished by the systemic administration of ALLO (1mg/kg, i.p.) and methylphenidate (MPH: 2.5mg/kg, i.p.), a dopamine transporter inhibitor. The effects of SKF on brain ALLO contents in male mice were reversed by ALLO, but not MPH. On the other hand, SKF failed to induce ASD-like behavior or a decline in brain ALLO contents in female mice. These results suggest that ALLO regulates episodes of ASD-like behavior by positively modulating the function of GABAA receptors linked to the dopaminergic system. Moreover, a sex-dependently induced decrease in brain ALLO contents may provide an animal model to study the main features of ASD.
http://ift.tt/2v8vF9L
Editorial Board
Source:Brain and Development, Volume 39, Issue 8
http://ift.tt/2tRJb29
Announcements and reports
Source:Brain and Development, Volume 39, Issue 8
http://ift.tt/2u7b8y3
Cover
Source:Brain and Development, Volume 39, Issue 8
http://ift.tt/2tRRScL
Contents
Source:Brain and Development, Volume 39, Issue 8
http://ift.tt/2u6TDxS
Preliminary study in a new protocol for the treatment of oral mucositis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and chemotherapy (CT)
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating and serious side effect in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and chemotherapy (CT). Laser therapy is becoming a promising treatment option in these patients, avoiding the necessity of enteral/parenteral nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of laser therapy in patients affected by oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and HSCT. Sixteen onco-hematological pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, affected by oral mucositis, were enrolled in this study. They were divided in two randomized groups: the laser group and the placebo-control group. Patients in the laser group were treated with HPLT (970 ± 15 nm, 3.2 W (50%), 35–6000 Hz, 240 s) for four consecutive days, once a day; and placebo group underwent sham treatment. The assessment of mucositis was recorded through WHO Oral Mucositis Grading Objective Scale, and pain was evaluated through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients were monitored and evaluated 3, 7, and 11 days after the first day of laser therapy. Once OM was diagnosed, the patients had mucositis grading assessments before laser or sham application at day 3, 7, and 11 after first application. All patients of laser group demonstrated improvement in pain sensation from day 3 after first application of laser (p < 0.05), ulcerations reduced their dimensions and erythema disappeared. The patients of placebo group had improvement from day 7. In laser group, all mucositis were fully resolved from day 7 (p < 0.05). Oral mucositis negatively impacts on nutritional intake, oral hygiene, and quality of life. Laser therapy appears to be a safe and innovative approach in the management of oral mucositis. In this preliminary study, HPLT encourages to consider laser therapy as a part of onco-hematological protocol, providing to decrease pain and duration of OM induced by CT and HSCT. Further researches will be needed, especially randomized, controlled clinical trials with a large number of enrolled patients and a long term of follow-up to confirm the efficacy of laser therapy in prevention and control of OM in onco-hematological pediatric patients.
http://ift.tt/2vgi9l4
Photodynamic therapy controls of Staphylococcus aureus intradermal infection in mice
Abstract
Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus lead to skin infections, as well as soft tissues and bone infections. Given the communal resistance to antibiotics developed by strains of this bacterium, photodynamic therapy emerges as a promising alternative treatment to control and cure infections. Females of the Balb/C mice were infected with 108 CFU of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and divided into four distinct groups: P−L− (negative control group), P+L− (group exposed only to curcumin), P−L+ (group exposed only to LED incidence of 450 nm, 75 mW/cm2, and 54 J/cm2 for 10 min), and P+L+ (group exposed to curcumin followed by 10 min of LED irradiation) (n = 24). The mice were euthanized 48 and 72 h after infection, and biologic materials were collected for analysis of the bacterial load, peripheral blood leukocyte counts, and draining lymph nodes cell counts. The normalization of data was checked and the ANOVA test was applied. The bacterial load in the draining lymph node of P+L+ group was lower when compared to the control groups 72 h post infection (p < 0.0001), indicating that the LED incidence associated with curcumin controls of the staphylococci intradermal infection. The number of the total lymph node cells shows to be lower than control groups in the two availed times (p < 0.01). The histological analysis and the counting of white blood cells did not show differences among cells in the blood and in the tissue of infection. This is the first report showing that photodynamic therapy may be effective against MRSA infection in a murine model of intradermal infection.
http://ift.tt/2w8obRk
Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on Bothrops moojeni snake-envenomed gastrocnemius of mice using enzymatic biomarkers
Abstract
Bothropic venom contains a range of biologically active substances capable of causing severe local and systemic envenoming symptomatology within its victims. The snake anti-venom is effective against systemic effects but has no neutralizing effect against the fast developing local effects. Herein, mice gastrocnemius injected with Bothrops moojeni venom (40 μg/kg) or saline solution were irradiated with HeNe (632.8 nm) and GaAs (904 nm) lasers (daily energy density of 4 J/cm2; 0.03/0.21 power density; 0.07/0.16 spot size; 1.2/0.04 total energy, 1 cm off contact, for HeNe and GaAs lasers, respectively) and euthanized in periods ranging from 3 h to 21 days. Blood biochemistry for creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and myoglobin and histopathological analysis, for assessing the degree of myonecrosis and regeneration of gastrocnemius, were done at every time interval. GaAs laser promoted faster photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) effects, and the GaAs group exhibited a better clinical outcome than the HeNe group. Within the GaAs group, the serum levels of CK, LDH, AP, AST, and myoglobin, which were increased by the physiological effects of the venom, were reduced to initial baseline before snake envenomation in less time than those irradiated by the HeNe laser. However, the group receiving irradiation from the HeNe laser returned the levels of ALP activity to baseline faster than those of the GaAs group. Histopathological analysis revealed enhanced muscle regeneration in mice groups treated with both lasers. PBM promoted by GaAs and HeNe showed well-developed centrally nucleate regenerating cells and an increased number of newly formed blood vessels when compared to unirradiated muscle. We therefore suggest that GaAs had the best outcomes likely derived from a deeper penetrating longer wavelength. We conclude that PMBT is a promising, non-invasive approach to be further tested in pre-clinical studies with a goal to further its clinical use in skeletal muscle recovery in snakebite victims.
http://ift.tt/2vg8o6I
2940-nm Er:YAG fractional laser enhanced the effect of topical drug for psoriasis
Abstract
We observed the promoting effects of the 2940-nm erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) fractional laser in topical drug delivery for psoriasis. A total of five (four males and one female) recalcitrant psoriasis patients were given laser treatment eight times at 1-week intervals with the following parameters: 5–11% spot density and 100-μm energy depth. The psoriatic skin lesions on the left knee and the corresponding lesions at the right ones of each psoriasis patient were randomly divided into two groups: laser + topical drug group (L) and drug alone group (D). The psoriatic lesions in both groups were treated with the same topical treatment (calcipotriol ointment). The corresponding psoriatic lesions in the L group received extra 2940-nm Er:YAG laser irradiation before topical treatment. The photos of psoriatic lesions were taken before each treatment. The final photos were obtained from the patients at the seventh day after the final treatment. Drug alone or in combination with laser Er:YAG both reduced psoriatic lesions. However, with the increase in the number of treatments, increasing differences were observed between the treatment and the control sides. The therapeutic outcomes in the L groups were better than those in the D groups. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores for five cases of both groups were decreased. However, the scores in the L groups were lower than those in the D groups. The use of 2940 nm Er:YAG promoted the absorption of topical drugs for psoriasis, improving the therapeutic effect.
http://ift.tt/2eVWd86
Endoluminal Nd:YAG laser application in ex vivo biliary porcine tissue
Abstract
Adequate biliary drainage with endoscopic or percutaneous placement of self-expandable metal stents represents the goal of palliation in patients with inoperable malignant obstruction of the biliary tree. As an adjunct to stenting, various tissue ablation treatments have been proposed with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to test the effect on biliary tissue of a new ablation technique based on Nd:YAG laser light delivery. The study was conducted on ex vivo specimens of 18 healthy farm pigs, using cystic ducts that are the simplest biliary structures to isolate and cannulate ex vivo. A 22G cannula was positioned into the cystic duct and a quartz optical fibre, with a prototypal cooling system, was inserted into the cannula. Nd:YAG laser output powers of 10, 12, and 15 W were tested, with a total delivered energy of 1000 J in continuous mode in each case. After laser treatment, histological analysis was performed. At macroscopical examination, no lesions of the external wall of the cystic ducts were detected. At histopathological examination, a coagulative necrosis involving the entire mucosa up to the muscolaris propria without significant changes of periductal tissues was observed in all specimens. This study shows the possibility of using Nd:YAG laser on ex vivo porcine biliary ducts with the effect of obtaining a coagulative necrosis involving the whole mucosa.
http://ift.tt/2hb1w4n
Clinical evaluation of near-infrared light transillumination in approximal dentin caries detection
Abstract
The objective of this clinical study was to compare conventional caries detection techniques, pen-type laser fluorescence device, and near-infrared light transillumination method in approximal dentin caries lesions. The study included 157 patients, aged 12–18, without any cavity in the posterior teeth. Two calibrated examiners carried out the assessments of selected approximal caries sites independently. After the assessments, the unopened sites were excluded and a total of 161 approximal sites were included in the study. When both the examiners arrived at a consensus regarding the presence of dentin caries, the detected lesions were opened with a conical diamond burr, the cavity extent was examined and validated (gold standard). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve (Az) values among the caries detection methods were calculated. Bitewing radiography and near-infrared (NIR) light transillumination methods showed the highest sensitivity (0.83–0.82) and accuracy (0.82–0.80) among the methods. Visual inspection showed the lowest sensitivity (0.54). Laser fluorescence device and visual inspection showed nearly equal performance. Near-infrared light transillumination can be used as an alternative method to approximal dentin caries detection. Visual inspection and laser fluorescence device alone should not be used for approximal dentin caries.
http://ift.tt/2hb1euj
Digital imaging information technology for biospeckle activity assessment relative to bacteria and parasites
Abstract
This paper reports on the biospeckle processing of biological activity using a visualization scheme based upon the digital imaging information technology. Activity relative to bacterial growth in agar plates and to parasites affected by a drug is monitored via the speckle patterns generated by a coherent source incident on the microorganisms. We present experimental results to demonstrate the potential application of this methodology for following the activity in time. The digital imaging information technology is an alternative visualization enabling the study of speckle dynamics, which is correlated to the activity of bacteria and parasites. In this method, the changes in Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color component density are considered as markers of the growth of bacteria and parasites motility in presence of a drug. The RGB data was used to generate a two-dimensional surface plot allowing an analysis of color distribution on the speckle images. The proposed visualization is compared to the outcomes of the generalized differences and the temporal difference. A quantification of the activity is performed using a parameterization of the temporal difference method. The adopted digital image processing technique has been found suitable to monitor motility and morphological changes in the bacterial population over time and to detect and distinguish a short term drug action on parasites.
http://ift.tt/2eVnDuQ
Evaluation of irradiation effects of near-infrared free-electron-laser of silver alloy for dental application
Abstract
In the application of lasers in dentistry, there is a delicate balance between the benefits gained from laser treatment and the heat-related damage arising from laser irradiation. Hence, it is necessary to understand the different processes associated with the irradiation of lasers on dental materials. To obtain insight for the development of a safe and general-purpose laser for dentistry, the present study examines the physical effects associated with the irradiation of a near-infrared free-electron laser (FEL) on the surface of a commonly used silver dental alloy. The irradiation experiments using a 2900-nm FEL confirmed the formation of a pit in the dental alloy. The pit was formed with one macro-pulse of FEL irradiation, therefore, suggesting the possibility of efficient material processing with an FEL. Additionally, there was only a slight increase in the silver alloy temperature (less than 0.9 °C) despite the long duration of FEL irradiation, thus inferring that fixed prostheses in the oral cavity can be processed by FEL without thermal damage to the surrounding tissue. These results indicate that dental hard tissues and dental materials in the oral cavity can be safely and efficiently processed by the irradiation of a laser, which has the high repetition rate of a femtosecond laser pulse with a wavelength around 2900 nm.
http://ift.tt/2hasmtg
Clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of combined bipolar radiofrequency and optical energies vs. optical energy alone for the treatment of aging hands
Abstract
Different treatment modalities are used for the treatment and esthetic improvement of aging hands. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel technology, which combines bipolar radio frequency (RF) and optical energies for the cosmetic treatment of aging hands. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and patient satisfaction of combined bipolar radiofrequency and optical energies vs. optical energy alone for the treatment of aging hands. Thirteen female patients with solar lentigines on the back of the hands were enrolled. Participants received three treatments: combined RF and intense pulsed light (IPL) on one hand and IPL treatment alone on the other. Standardized clinical photographs were taken, and patient and investigator improvement assessment (Global Esthetic Improvement (GAI) scale), patient satisfaction, and tolerability were evaluated. At the 1 and 3 months follow-up, skin laxity and pigmentation, investigator and patient improvement assessments, and satisfaction were significantly better in the hand treated with combined bipolar RF and IPL. This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of combining RF and optical energies for the esthetic improvement of aging hands. Combined RF and IPL treatment was more efficient than IPL alone in improving skin pigmentation, skin laxity, and texture.
http://ift.tt/2eVnd7K
FGWAS: Functional genome wide association analysis
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 159
Author(s): Chao Huang, Paul Thompson, Yalin Wang, Yang Yu, Jingwen Zhang, Dehan Kong, Rivka R. Colen, Rebecca C. Knickmeyer, Hongtu Zhu
Functional phenotypes (e.g., subcortical surface representation), which commonly arise in imaging genetic studies, have been used to detect putative genes for complexly inherited neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, existing statistical methods largely ignore the functional features (e.g., functional smoothness and correlation). The aim of this paper is to develop a functional genome-wide association analysis (FGWAS) framework to efficiently carry out whole-genome analyses of functional phenotypes. FGWAS consists of three components: a multivariate varying coefficient model, a global sure independence screening procedure, and a test procedure. Compared with the standard multivariate regression model, the multivariate varying coefficient model explicitly models the functional features of functional phenotypes through the integration of smooth coefficient functions and functional principal component analysis. Statistically, compared with existing methods for genome-wide association studies (GWAS), FGWAS can substantially boost the detection power for discovering important genetic variants influencing brain structure and function. Simulation studies show that FGWAS outperforms existing GWAS methods for searching sparse signals in an extremely large search space, while controlling for the family-wise error rate. We have successfully applied FGWAS to large-scale analysis of data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative for 708 subjects, 30,000 vertices on the left and right hippocampal surfaces, and 501,584 SNPs.
http://ift.tt/2uHpGrH
Distinct resting-state functional connections associated with episodic and visuospatial memory in older adults
Publication date: 1 October 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 159
Author(s): Sana Suri, Anya Topiwala, Nicola Filippini, Enikő Zsoldos, Abda Mahmood, Claire E. Sexton, Archana Singh-Manoux, Mika Kivimäki, Clare E. Mackay, Stephen Smith, Klaus P. Ebmeier
Episodic and spatial memory are commonly impaired in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Volumetric and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest a preferential involvement of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), particularly the hippocampus, in episodic and spatial memory processing. The present study examined how these two memory types were related in terms of their associated resting-state functional architecture. 3T multiband resting state fMRI scans from 497 participants (60–82 years old) of the cross-sectional Whitehall II Imaging sub-study were analysed using an unbiased, data-driven network-modelling technique (FSLNets). Factor analysis was performed on the cognitive battery; the Hopkins Verbal Learning test and Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure test factors were used to assess verbal and visuospatial memory respectively. We present a map of the macroscopic functional connectome for the Whitehall II Imaging sub-study, comprising 58 functionally distinct nodes clustered into five major resting-state networks. Within this map we identified distinct functional connections associated with verbal and visuospatial memory. Functional anticorrelation between the hippocampal formation and the frontal pole was significantly associated with better verbal memory in an age-dependent manner. In contrast, hippocampus–motor and parietal–motor functional connections were associated with visuospatial memory independently of age. These relationships were not driven by grey matter volume and were unique to the respective memory domain. Our findings provide new insights into current models of brain-behaviour interactions, and suggest that while both episodic and visuospatial memory engage MTL nodes of the default mode network, the two memory domains differ in terms of the associated functional connections between the MTL and other resting-state brain networks.
http://ift.tt/2uHJZFx
The neural basis of precise visual short-term memory for complex recognisable objects
Publication date: 1 October 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 159
Author(s): Michele Veldsman, Daniel J. Mitchell, Rhodri Cusack
Recent evidence suggests that visual short-term memory (VSTM) capacity estimated using simple objects, such as colours and oriented bars, may not generalise well to more naturalistic stimuli. More visual detail can be stored in VSTM when complex, recognisable objects are maintained compared to simple objects. It is not yet known if it is recognisability that enhances memory precision, nor whether maintenance of recognisable objects is achieved with the same network of brain regions supporting maintenance of simple objects.We used a novel stimulus generation method to parametrically warp photographic images along a continuum, allowing separate estimation of the precision of memory representations and the number of items retained. The stimulus generation method was also designed to create unrecognisable, though perceptually matched, stimuli, to investigate the impact of recognisability on VSTM. We adapted the widely-used change detection and continuous report paradigms for use with complex, photographic images.Across three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, we demonstrated greater precision for recognisable objects in VSTM compared to unrecognisable objects. This clear behavioural advantage was not the result of recruitment of additional brain regions, or of stronger mean activity within the core network. Representational similarity analysis revealed greater variability across item repetitions in the representations of recognisable, compared to unrecognisable complex objects. We therefore propose that a richer range of neural representations support VSTM for complex recognisable objects.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2vSk3pq
Combination of a 2940 nm Er:YAG laser with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) and light-emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) for the treatment of striae alba: A pilot study
Summary
Background
Striae distensae (SD) are a common dermatologic problem that plagues many people. Although there are many therapeutic modalities have been used to treat SD, effective method has been disappointing for striae Alba.
Aims
To evaluate the clinical and histopathologic efficacy and safety of the 2940-nm erbium yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) ablative fractional laser (AFL) with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) and light-emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) for the treatment of striae alba.
Patients and methods
Thirty volunteers with striae distensae alba were enrolled. The subjects completed treatments with the 2940-nm Er:YAG AFL 6 times at 4-week intervals. Following this treatment, the subjects were required to spray rb-BFGF for 1 week at home. They then received LED-RL once every 7 days for three sessions between the two laser treatments. Two independent investigators evaluated clinical improvement at pretreatment and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment, patients also provided self-assessments of clinical improvement. Two biopsies were obtained from two subjects, both of the same sites of striae alba, one before the first treatment and one 6 months after the last session.
Results
All 30 subjects demonstrated clinical improvement after treatment. Skin biopsies after treatment showed an increase in epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, and collagen and elastin density when compared to that at the baseline.
Conclusions
The combination of the 2940-nm Er:YAG laser with rb-bFGF and LED-RL for the treatment of striae alba was a safe and effective approach for improving the appearance of striae alba.
http://ift.tt/2haucuf
Versatility of the Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap during the Treatment of Complex Postcraniotomy Surgical Site Infections
Background: Some intractable cases of postcraniotomy infection, which can involve compromised skin, an open frontal air sinus, and residual epidural dead space, have been reported. In such cases, reconstructing the scalp and skull is challenging. Methods: Between 2009 and 2016, the author treated 12 patients with recalcitrant postcraniotomy surgical site infections with latissimus dorsi (LD) free flaps. The patients' ages ranged from 37 to 79 years (mean, 63.5 years), and their underlying diseases included subarachnoid hemorrhaging (n = 5), brain tumors (n = 4), and cerebral arteriovenous malformations (n = 3). Results: The LD free flap was used for scalp reconstruction in 3 cases, scalp reconstruction and separation of the intracranial and nasal cavities in 5 cases, and the obliteration of epidural dead space in 4 cases. Debridement followed by staged cranial reconstruction was carried out in 8 cases, and single-stage cranial reconstruction was conducted in 2 cases. The bone defects of the other 2 cases, which were small, were filled with LD musculo-adipose free flaps. The postoperative local appearance of the wounds was acceptable in every case, and no complications occurred. Conclusions: The LD free flap is a versatile tool for the treatment of complex postcraniotomy surgical site infections. This vascularized muscle flap is useful for controlling local infections because of its abundant vascularity. Moreover, its variety of uses means that it can resolve several problems in cases involving complex cranial wounds.http://ift.tt/2vSlrYO
Using the Venous Pectoral Branch from the Thoracoacromial System as a Lifeboat in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Summary: The most common recipient vessels for autologous free flap breast reconstruction are the internal mammary vessels. At times, there are problems with the exposed internal mammary vein (IMV) that require other options such as using the contralateral IMV, superior rib resection to access proximal IMV, retrograde IMV use, and thoracodorsal vein access with or without a vein graft. This case demonstrates using the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial venous system without a vein graft as a lifeboat option when the IMV is not suitable for anastomosis. C.W. was a 65-year-old female who underwent right-sided mastectomy with placement of a tissue expander. After adjuvant radiation therapy, C.W. underwent deep inferior epigastric perforator free flap breast reconstruction. During exposure of the internal mammary artery and IMV, an iatrogenic venotomy occurred that precluded the use of this vessel as a reliable recipient. The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap pedicle was then dissected proximal to isolate the artery and vein, and the vein was successfully anastomosed to the venous pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial system. The postoperative course was uneventful and patient was discharged home on postoperative day 4. Using the venous pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial is a safe and valuable option that can be considered in difficult situations when the IMV is not a suitable option.http://ift.tt/2tg1PeS
Παρασκευή 28 Ιουλίου 2017
Radiological Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Anatomy: A cross-sectional study of 300 Patients
Source:Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
Author(s): Naroa Lozano-Carrascal, Oscar Salomó-Coll, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, José Luis Calvo-Guirado, Federico Hernández-Alfaro, Jordi Gargallo-Albiol
ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the principal anatomical characteristics of the maxillary sinus using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in order to facilitate prevention of intra- and post-operative complications.Materials and methodsThree hundred CBCT scans from patients undergoing implant surgery were analysed. The following anatomical structures were evaluated: (1) Residual ridge height (RRH) and width (RRW); (2) Ridge bone density (BD); (3) Maxillary sinus angle (MSA); (4) Maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness (LWT); (5) Schneiderian membrane thickness (MT); (6) Maxillary sinus septa (SS); (7) Posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA).ResultsMean patient age was 59.5±13.6. Mean RRH at upper second premolar (2PM) was 8.66±3.95mm, 4.90±2.28mm at first molar (1M), and 5.26±2.13mm at second molar (2M). Mean RRW was 6.72±2.69mm at 2PM, 6.87±2.65mm at 1M and 7.09±2.80mm at 2M. Bone Density was 330.93±211.02 Hounsfield Units (HU) at first molar position and MSA was 73.39±15.23°. LWT was 1.95±0.98mm. Mean Schneider Membrane thickness (MT) was 1.82±1.59mm; MT was≤3mm in 72.9% of patients and >3mm in 27.10%. 20.56% of patients presented bucco-palatal oriented septa with a mean height of 13.11±3.82mm. PSAA was observed in 48.60% and mean distance to the top of the ridge was 13.15±3.71mm, and was mostly observed inside the sinus (53.85%).ConclusionsCBCT scanning has been shown to be a useful tool for evaluating maxillary sinus anatomical variations. CBCT should be considered the gold standard when evaluating the maxillary sinus area.
http://ift.tt/2tRfuOt
Online Embryology teaching using learning management systems appears to be a successful additional learning tool among Egyptian medical students
Source:Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
Author(s): Ahmed Farid Al-Neklawy
Although the traditional didactic lecture is considered to be efficient for presenting information and providing explanations, it usually does not provide adequate time for deeper learning activities. So, traditional lecture is one of the most widely criticized educational methods.Virtual learning environment (VLE) is a specially designed environment that facilitates teachers' management of educational courses for their students, using computer hardware and software, which involves distance learning.In this study, we evaluated the experiment of online teaching of General Embryology for Egyptian undergraduate medical students using WizIQ learning management system.A total of 100 students were invited to submit an online survey at the end of the course to evaluate delivery of instruction, creation of an environment that supported learning, and administrative issues.Most of the students reported that they were strongly satisfied with the efficacy of the instructional methods and were strongly satisfied with the degree of clarity of the course material. They strongly accepted the page format and design of the virtual classroom and strongly agreed that the learning environment supported the learning procedure. The item of easy logging into the virtual classroom had aberrant variable responses; it recorded the lowest mean response; this variation in responses was due to technical factors as the students used different devices with different speeds of internet connections.Ninety percent of students have strongly recommended the course attendance for their fellow students.These results demonstrate that online Anatomy teaching using learning management systems appears to be a successful additional learning tool among Egyptian medical students.
http://ift.tt/2u6UcHZ
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
