Scholar : Scholar Alert - [ intitle:laryngeal ]

Scholar Alert: [ intitle:laryngeal ]

Expression of BRCA2 in tumor tissues in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance

X He, C Liu, Z Wang, Z Gong, G Hu - Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi= Chinese …, 2017

Objective To determine the role of breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) in laryngeal
squamous cell carcinoma and investigate its clinical implication. Methods The expression of
BRCA2 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 62 tissues of pathologically identified

Comparison between 70 degree endoscopy, direct laryngoscopy and CT scan in T staging of Laryngeal cancer

P Sobti - PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2017

Abstract The purpose of the study was to study and compare the importance of 70 degree
endoscopy, direct laryngoscopy and CT scan in showing the extent of laryngeal tumours
which would then decide the course of treatment for the patient. A total of 25 patients were

[HTML] Towards microprocessor-based control of droplet parameters for endoscopic laryngeal adductor reflex triggering

JF Fast, A Muley, D Kühn, F Meisoll, T Ortmaier… - Current Directions in Biomedical …

Abstract The so-called Laryngeal Adductor Reflex (LAR) protects the respiratory tract from
particle intrusion by quickly approximating the vocal folds to close the free glottal space. An
impaired LAR may be associated with an increased risk of aspiration and other adverse

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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΓΛΩΣΣ

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΓΛΩΣΣΙΤΙΣ ]

Erkrankungen mit Malabsorptions-/Malassimilationssyndrom

S Fromhold-Treu, G Lamprecht - Gastroenterologie up2date, 2017

... Magnesium. Muskelkrämpfe. Zink. Glossitis, Cheilitis, Stomatitis, Akrodermatitis. Eisen. ... Ein
Vitamin-A-Mangel resultiert in Nachtblindheit und Hyperkeratosen. Eine Glossitis, Cheilitis oder
Stomatitis kann durch einen Eisen-, Vitamin-B 12 - oder Zinkmangel verursacht sein. ...

Encountering Chronic Sore Throat: How Challenging is it for the Otolaryngologists?

S Kundu, M Dutta, BK Adhikary, B Ghosh - Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head …, 2017

... hiatus hernia. Dietary deficiencies, often associated with clinical pal- lor, cheilosis,
glossitis, dysphagia, aphthous ulcers, der- matitis, and diarrhea, might also result
in chronic sore throat [9, 10]. Supplementation accordingly ...

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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΑΚΟΗ ]

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΑΚΟΗ ]

[PDF] Βασικές αρχές για τον σχεδιασμό και την εφαρμογή εξατομικευμένου εκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος δεξιοτήτων ανεξάρτητης διαβίωσης σε άτομο με ΔΑΦ: μελέτη …

ΓΗ Γιώρα - 2017

Page 1. 1 ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑΣ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΩΝ, ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΣΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ
ΚΑΙ ΤΕΧΝΩΝ Τμήμα Εκπαιδευτικής και Κοινωνικής Πολιτικής Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών
Σπουδών «Ειδική Αγωγή, Εκπαίδευση και Αποκατάσταση» ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ...

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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΒΑΣΗ ΚΡΑΝΙΟΥ ]

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΒΑΣΗ ΚΡΑΝΙΟΥ ]

[PDF] Ανοσοφαινότυπος Τ λεμφοκυττάρων σε πειραματικό μοντέλο πολλαπλής σκλήρυνσης

Η Ζιώγας - 2017

... 1.2. Παξάγνληεο θηλδύλνπ 1.2.1. Γελεηηθή πξνδηάζεζε H γενετική βάση της ΠΣ θεωρείται σήμερα
αδιαμφισβήτητη χωρίς óμως να είναι πλήρως κατανοητóς ο τρóπος ανάπτυξης της νóσου και
ο ρóλος του γονιδιώματος και των μηχανισμών που μεσολαβούν. ...

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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ ΑΥΧΕΝ

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ΑΥΧΕΝΑΣ ]

[PDF] Τραυματισμοί του μυοτενόντιου πετάλου των στροφέων: ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας με έμφαση στην συχνότητα τραυματισμού των διαφορετικών μυών του …

Σ Μούρτος - 2017

... Η κεφαλή έχει ημισφαιρικό σχήμα και προβάλλει προς τα έσω και άνω, για να αρθρωθεί
με την πολύ μικρότερη ωμογλήνη. Ο ανατομικός αυχένας είναι πολύ βραχύς και
σχηματίζεται από μια περίσφιξη αμέσως περιφερικότερα από την κεφαλή. ...

[PDF] Νεότερες απόψεις για τη φυσικοθεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση σε παιδιά με σκολίωση

ΔΣ Παπαδοπούλου - 2017

Page 1. ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΑΠΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΔΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑΣ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΩΝ
ΥΓΕΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΦΥΣΙΚΟΘΕΡΑΠΕΙΑΣ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΝΕΟΤΕΡΕΣ ΑΠΟΨΕΙΣ
ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΦΥΣΙΚΟΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΑΝΤΙΜΕΤΩΠΙΣΗ ΣΕ ΠΑΙΔΙΑ ΜΕ ΣΚΟΛΙΩΣΗ ...

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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ Χειρο

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ Χειρουργική Κεφαλής και Τραχήλου ]

[PDF] Τραυματισμοί του μυοτενόντιου πετάλου των στροφέων: ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας με έμφαση στην συχνότητα τραυματισμού των διαφορετικών μυών του …

Σ Μούρτος - 2017

... και την φυσικοθεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση αυτής, μεμονωμένα ή μετά από χειρουργείο. ... πάθησης
μεταξύ διαφορετικών καταστάσεων, περιγράφονται οι διαφορετικές τεχνικές χειρουργικής
αποκατάστασης, καθώς ... Η χειρουργική επιδιόρθωση του στροφικού πετάλου μπορεί να γίνει με ...

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Scholar : Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή - [ Cricotrach

Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ Cricotracheal resection ]

[PDF] Local betamethasone injection stabilized the opened-airway diameter in benign central airway stenosis

Y Chen, D Xu, Y Zeng, H Zhang, D Yang, X Chen - Biomedical Research, 2017

... Thorax 2008; 63: 49-52. 11. Amorós JM, Ramos R, Villalonga R, Morera R, Ferrer G,
Díaz P. Tracheal and cricotracheal resection for laryngotracheal stenosis: experience
in 54 consecutive cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29: 35-39. ...

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Modular flow chamber for engineering bone marrow architecture and function

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 146
Author(s): Christian A. Di Buduo, Paolo M. Soprano, Lorenzo Tozzi, Stefania Marconi, Ferdinando Auricchio, David L. Kaplan, Alessandra Balduini
The bone marrow is a soft, spongy, gelatinous tissue found in the hollow cavities of flat and long bones that support hematopoiesis in order to maintain the physiologic turnover of all blood cells. Silk fibroin, derived from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons, is a promising biomaterial for bone marrow engineering, because of its tunable architecture and mechanical properties, the capacity of incorporating labile compounds without loss of bioactivity and demonstrated ability to support blood cell formation. In this study, we developed a bone marrow scaffold consisting of a modular flow chamber made of polydimethylsiloxane, holding a silk sponge, prepared with salt leaching methods and functionalized with extracellular matrix components. The silk sponge was able to support efficient platelet formation when megakaryocytes were seeded in the system. Perfusion of the chamber allowed the recovery of functional platelets based on multiple activation tests. Further, inhibition of AKT signaling molecule, which has been shown to be crucial in regulating physiologic platelet formation, significantly reduced the number of collected platelets, suggesting the applicability of this tissue model for evaluation of the effects of bone marrow exposure to compounds that may affect platelet formation. In conclusion, we have bioengineered a novel modular system that, along with multi-porous silk sponges, can provide a useful technology for reproducing a simplified bone marrow scaffold for blood cell production ex vivo.



http://ift.tt/2wTxgBo

Live cell imaging of mouse intestinal organoids reveals heterogeneity in their oxygenation

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 146
Author(s): Irina A. Okkelman, Tara Foley, Dmitri B. Papkovsky, Ruslan I. Dmitriev
Intestinal organoids are widely applied in stem cell research, regenerative medicine, toxicology, pharmacology, and host-microbe interactions research. The variability of oxidative metabolism for stem and differentiated cell types constituting organoid is known to be important but so far it has not been studied in details. Here, we report the use of live cell microscopy of oxygen via the phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) method to address the oxygenation and variability of aerobic metabolism of individual organoids in the culture. Using the cell-penetrating phosphorescent O2-sensitive probe, we found inhomogeneous O2 distribution in live organoids, with areas of relatively high oxygenation (up to 73 μM in organoid compared to an average 40 μM O2) and trans-epithelial O2 microgradients (up to 0.6–0.83 μM/μm). We also demonstrated that intestinal organoid culture consists of units with different respiration activity and oxygenation (from 27 to 92 μM, equal to 2.8–9.7% O2), depending on age of the culture and drug treatment. Collectively, our results indicate that ignoring the metabolic heterogeneity of organoid culture can be critical for proper data interpretation. The live cell imaging PLIM method demonstrates a clear advantage of using individual organoids as separate experimental units rather than 'bulk' organoid cultures.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2fe89PE

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles trigger ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating copper trafficking and overcoming resistance to sunitinib therapy in renal cancer

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 146
Author(s): Qiwei Yang, Ye Wang, Qing Yang, Yi Gao, Xiaopeng Duan, Qingcheng Fu, Chuanmin Chu, Xiuwu Pan, Xingang Cui, Yinghao Sun
While the current standard first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is sunitinib, patients inevitably develop resistance to this drug. However, the rapid development of nanotechnology has provided emerging techniques for the treatment of advanced tumours, including RCC. In our previous research, cuprous oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) showed ideal anti-tumour effects and low systemic toxicity. While many inorganic nanomedicines, including CONPs, have similar pharmacological effects, their detailed mechanisms remain unknown. Copper chaperone proteins, which regulate the endocellular dosage and transport of copper, also play crucial roles in the progression of cancer. In this research, we discovered that CONPs can disrupt copper transportation by regulating the copper chaperone proteins ATOX1 and CCS in RCC cells and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in vitro and in vivo by promoting the accumulation of intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, CONPs can initiate ER- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by activating caspase-3, caspase-9 and caspase-12. In addition, CONPs downregulate the expression of AXL, MET, AKT, and ERK to recover sunitinib responsiveness in RCC cells with sunitinib resistance (SR) and may therefore facilitate the development of promising new pathways to treat patients with acquired SRRCC.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2feg13R

State of diagnosing infectious pathogens using colloidal nanomaterials

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 146
Author(s): Jisung Kim, Mohamed A. Abdou Mohamed, Kyryl Zagorovsky, Warren C.W. Chan
Infectious diseases are a major global threat that accounts for one of the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. Prompt diagnosis is a crucial first step in the management of infectious threats, which aims to quarantine infected patients to avoid contacts with healthy individuals and deliver effective treatments prior to further spread of diseases. This review article discusses current advances of diagnostic systems using colloidal nanomaterials (e.g., gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles) for identifying and differentiating infectious pathogens. The challenges involved in the clinical translation of these emerging nanotechnology based diagnostic devices will also be discussed.



http://ift.tt/2fejvDo

MicroRNAs in thyroid development, function and tumorigenesis

Publication date: 15 November 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 456
Author(s): Cesar Seigi Fuziwara, Edna Teruko Kimura
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that modulate the vast majority of cellular processes. During development, the correct timing and expression of miRNAs in the tissue differentiation is essential for organogenesis and functionality. In thyroid gland, DICER and miRNAs are necessary for accurately establishing thyroid follicles and hormone synthesis. Moreover, DICER1 mutations and miRNA deregulation observed in human goiter influence thyroid tumorigenesis. The thyroid malignant transformation by MAPK oncogenes is accompanied by global miRNA changes, with a marked reduction of "tumor-suppressor" miRNAs and activation of oncogenic miRNAs. Loss of thyroid cell differentiation/function, and consequently iodine trapping impairment, is an important clinical characteristic of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. However, few studies have addressed the direct role of miRNAs in thyroid gland physiology. Here, we focus on what we have learned in the thyroid follicular cell differentiation and function as revealed by cell and animal models and miRNA modulation in thyroid tumorigenesis.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2wlYo7L

Regulation of body growth by microRNAs

Publication date: 15 November 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 456
Author(s): Julian C. Lui
Regulation of body growth remains a fascinating and unresolved biological mystery. One key component of body growth is skeletal and longitudinal bone growth. Children grow taller because their bones grew longer, and the predominant driver of longitudinal bone growth is a cartilaginous structure found near the ends of long bone named the growth plate. Numerous recent studies have started to unveil the importance of microRNAs in regulation of growth plate functions, therefore contributing to regulation of linear growth. In addition to longitudinal growth, other organs in our body need to increase in size and cell number as we grow, and the regulation of organ growth involves both systemic factors like hormones; and other intrinsic mechanisms, which we are just beginning to understand. This review aims to summarize some recent important findings on how microRNAs are involved in both of these processes: the regulation of longitudinal bone growth, and the regulation of organs and overall body growth.



http://ift.tt/2wlaUVm

MicroRNAs in parathyroid physiopathology

Publication date: 15 November 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 456
Author(s): V. Vaira, C. Verdelli, I. Forno, S. Corbetta
Parathyroid glands regulate calcium homeostasis through synthesis and secretion of parathormone (PTH). They sense the extracellular calcium concentration through the G-protein coupled calcium sensing receptor (CASR) and release PTH in order to preserve calcium concentration in the physiological range. Tumors of the parathyroid glands are common endocrine neoplasia associated with primary or secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidisms. Small non-coding RNAs are regulators of gene expression able to modulate hormone synthesis, hormone release and endocrine cell proliferation. In this scenario, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been investigated in parathyroid tumors, while miRNAs are involved in hypocalcemia and uremia-induced PTH release from normal parathyroid cells. Here we reviewed data about the role of miRNAs in the regulation of: 1) PTH synthesis and secretion; 2) CASR expression; 3) parathyroid cell tumorigenesis. Though studies about miRNAs in parathyroid gland pathophysiology are limited, they contribute in elucidating regulatory pathways involved in PTH release and parathyroid cell tumorigenesis.



http://ift.tt/2wWnRZ3

Small non-coding RNAs-based bone regulation and targeting therapeutic strategies

Publication date: 15 November 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 456
Author(s): Ying Yang, Sijie Fang
Small non-coding RNAs, which are 20–25 nucleotide ribonucleic acids, have emerged as an important transformation in the biological evolution over almost three decades. microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two significant categories of the small RNAs that exert important effects on bone endocrinology and skeletology. Therefore, clarifying the expression and function of these important molecules in bone endocrine physiology and pathology is of great significance for improving their potential therapeutic value for metabolism-associated bone diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recent advances made in understanding the function and molecular mechanism of these small non-coding RNAs in bone metabolism, especially their potentially therapeutic values in bone-related diseases.



http://ift.tt/2wlECt6

The role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of adrenal tumors

Publication date: 15 November 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 456
Author(s): Nunki Hassan, Jing Ting Zhao, Stan B. Sidhu
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. Due to its association with an assortment of diseases, miRNAs have been extensively studied in the last decade. In this review, the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of adrenal tumors is discussed. The recent contributions of high-throughput miRNA profiling studies have identified miRNAs that have functional and molecular roles in adrenal tumorigenesis. With respect to the biological heterogeneity of adrenal tumors and the limitations of the current treatments, an improved understanding of miRNAs may hold potential diagnostic and therapeutic value to facilitate better clinical management.



http://ift.tt/2wWF0SC

Small non-coding RNAs in endocrinology

Publication date: 15 November 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 456
Author(s): Enzo Lalli




http://ift.tt/2wlkQhB

MicroRNAs in pituitary tumors

Publication date: 15 November 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 456
Author(s): Anne Wierinckx, Magali Roche, Catherine Legras-Lachuer, Jacqueline Trouillas, Gérald Raverot, Joël Lachuer
Since the presence of microRNAs was first observed in normal pituitary, the majority of scientific publications addressing their role and the function of microRNAs in the pituitary have been based on pituitary tumor studies. In this review, we briefly describe the involvement of microRNAs in the synthesis of pituitary hormones and we present a comprehensive inventory of microRNA suppressors and inducers of pituitary tumors. Finally, we summarize the functional role of microRNAs in tumorigenesis, progression and aggressiveness of pituitary tumors, mechanisms contributing to the regulation (transcription factors, genomic modifications or epigenetic) or modulation (pharmacological treatment) of microRNAs in these tumors, and the interest of thoroughly studying the expression of miRNAs in body fluids.



http://ift.tt/2wWWa2y

ETS transcription factor family member GABPA contributes to vitamin D receptor target gene regulation

Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Author(s): Sabine Seuter, Antonio Neme, Carsten Carlberg
Binding motifs of the ETS-domain transcription factor GABPA are found with high significance below the summits of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) cistrome. VDR is the nuclear receptor for the biologically most active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). In this study, we determined the GABPA cistrome in THP-1 human monocytes and found that it is comprised of 3822 genomic loci, some 20% of which were modulated by 1,25(OH)2D3. The GABPA cistrome showed a high overlap rate with accessible chromatin and the pioneer transcription factor PU.1. Interestingly, 23 and 12% of persistent and transient VDR binding sites, respectively, co-localized with GABPA, which is clearly higher than the rate of secondary VDR loci (4%). Some 40% of GABPA binding sites were found at transcription start sites, nearly 100 of which are of 1,25(OH)2D3 target genes. On 593 genomic loci VDR and GABPA co-localized with PU.1, while only 175 VDR sites bound GABPA in the absence of PU.1. In total, VDR sites with GABPA co-localization may control some 450 vitamin D target genes. Those genes that are co-controlled by PU.1 preferentially participate in cellular and immune signaling processes, while the remaining genes are involved in cellular metabolism pathways. In conclusion, GABPA may contribute to differential VDR target gene regulation.



http://ift.tt/2wlj8gb

Promotional effect of rare earth-doped manganese oxides supported on activated semi-coke for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH 3

Abstract

A composite catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ is investigated, in which the rare earth (RE, including La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) is doped into manganese oxides supported on activated semi-coke (MnO_x/ASC) via hydrothermal method at the molar ratio of Mn:RE = 1:5. It is evidenced that the addition of RE at a rather low molar ratio can enhance the catalytic activity of MnO_x/ASC. The catalyst with a Mn:Ce molar ratio of 10:1 yields an over 90% NO_x removal efficiency in the temperature range of 150–250 °C. An approximate 100% NO conversion and 95% N₂ selectivity are achieved at about 200 °C. The catalysts are characterized by N₂ physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the Ce additive is conducive to the NO_x adsorption and then accelerates the SCR reaction due to the formation of more chemisorbed oxygen (O_β), which is favored during the oxidation of NH₃ and NO. Moreover, the in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) results confirm that the Ce additive on MnO_x/ASC catalyst could provide more active Brønsted acid sites, which eventually contributes to the SCR reaction. The generation of ad-NH₄⁺ and nitrite species is proved to play the crucial role in the promotional effect of RE addition.

http://ift.tt/2gXia7J

IOP-details

Publication date: October 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 120





http://ift.tt/2y1j3Af

Full title with Editorial board members

Publication date: October 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 120





http://ift.tt/2w2VY2N

Instructions to Authors

Publication date: October 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 120





http://ift.tt/2y1C4SX

Childhood adversity predicts reduced physiological flexibility during the processing of negative affect among adolescents with major depression histories

Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Shimrit Daches, Maria Kovacs, Charles George, Ilya Yaroslavsky, Eniko Kiss, Agnes Vetro, Roberta Dochnal, István Benak, Ildikó Baji, Kitti Halas, Attila Makai, Krisztina Kapornai, Jonathan Rottenberg
BackgroundAdversity during early development has been shown to have enduring negative physiological consequences. In turn, atypical physiological functioning has been associated with maladaptive processing of negative affect, including its regulation. The present study therefore explored whether exposure to adverse life events in childhood predicted maladaptive (less flexible) parasympathetic nervous system functioning during the processing of negative affect among adolescents with depression histories.MethodsAn initially clinic-referred, pediatric sample (N=189) was assessed at two time points. At Time 1, when subjects were 10.17years old (SD=1.42), on average, and were depressed, parents reported on adverse life events the offspring experienced up to that point. At Time 2, when subjects were 17.18years old (SD=1.28), and were remitted from depression, parents again reported on adverse life events in their offspring's lives for the interim period. At time 2, subjects' parasympathetic nervous system functioning (quantified as respiratory sinus arrhythmia) also was assessed at rest, during sad mood induction, and during instructed mood repair.ResultsExtent of adverse life events experienced by T1 (but not events occurring between T1 and T2) predicted less flexible RSA functioning 7years later during the processing of negative affect. Adolescents with more extensive early life adversities exhibited less vagal withdrawal following negative mood induction and tended to show less physiological recovery following mood repair.ConclusionsEarly adversities appear to be associated with less flexible physiological regulatory control during negative affect experience, when measured later in development. Stress-related autonomic dysfunction in vulnerable youths may contribute to the unfavorable clinical prognosis associated with juvenile-onset depression.



http://ift.tt/2w3usSF

Chemical characteristics of soluble aerosols over the central Himalayas: insights into spatiotemporal variations and sources

Abstract

In order to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of aerosols and its soluble chemical compositions of the data gap zone in the central Himalayan region, aerosol samples were collected at four sites. The sampling location were characterized by four different categories, such as urban (Bode), semi-urban site in the northern Indo-Gangetic Plain (Lumbini), rural (Dhunche), and semiarid rural (Jomsom). A total of 230 aerosol samples were collected from four representative sites for a yearlong period and analyzed for water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs). The annual average aerosol mass concentration followed the sequence as Bode (238.24 ± 162.24 μg/m³)> Lumbini (161.14 ± 105.95 μg/m³)> Dhunche (112.40 ± 40.30 μg/m³)> Jomsom (78.85 ± 34.28 μg/m³), suggesting heavier particulate pollution in the urban and semi-urban sites. The total soluble ions contributed to 12.61–28.19% of TSP aerosol mass. The results revealed that SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ were the major anion and Ca²⁺ and NH₄⁺ were the major cation influencing the aerosol composition over the central Himalayas. Calcium played a major role in neutralizing aerosol acidity followed by NH₄⁺ at all the sites. The major compound of aerosol was (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄HSO₄ in the central Himalayas. Clear seasonality was observed at three observation sites, with higher concentrations during non-monsoon (dry periods) and lower during monsoon (wet period), suggesting washing out of aerosol particles by heavy precipitation during monsoon. In contrast, semiarid sites did not show the clear seasonal trend due to limited precipitation. Stationary sources were predominant over the mobile sources mostly in the remote sites. Principal component analysis confirmed that the major sources of WSIIs in the region were industrial emissions, fossil fuel and biomass burning, and crustal fugitive dusts. Nevertheless, transboundary aerosol transport over the region from polluted cities from south Asia could not be ignored as indicated by the clusters of air mass backward trajectory analysis.

http://ift.tt/2wW90fR

Biochemical, hematological, and pathological related healing effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia hydroalcoholic extract in 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in male golden hamster

Abstract

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the cancer chemotherapy-related side effects which can affect the quality of life of affected patients. This study was designed to investigate the healing effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia in 5-flurouracil (5-FU)-induced OM in golden hamster. Fifty-six adult male golden hamsters received three intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU at a dose of 60 mg/kg on days 0, 5, and 10. The cheek pouch mucosa was scratched superficially under local anesthesia. Then, two horizontal scratches were made across the everted cheek pouch on days 3 and 4. All treatments were started on day 12 for equal number of animals in control group with no treatments, gel base group that was treated with carboxy methyl cellulose as gel base which used in preparation of the topical gel, topical gel group that used gel containing 10% hydroalcoholic extract of E. angustifolia (HEEA) topically, and dietary group which was treated with 300 mg/kg HEEA. At 2 and 5 days after treatment, blood and pouch tissue sampling were done and analyzed for blood composition, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities plus histopathological evaluations. Both topically and orally HEEA-treated groups showed a significant relief in OM compared to the control and base gel groups. However, the systemic form had higher efficiency in some parts especially decreasing the MPO (0.27 ± 0.17 vs. 0.56 ± 0.17 IU/L) and increasing SOD (6.46 ± 0.15 vs. 5.36 ± 0.18 IU/L) activities in pouch tissue in comparison to topical form mostly at 5 days after treatment. It seems that hydroalcoholic extract of E. angustifolia can be used as an appropriate drug choice for the treatment of oral mucositis based on its healing stimulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Rule reactivation and capture errors in goal directed behaviour

Publication date: Available online 10 September 2017
Source:Cortex
Author(s): María Roca, Milagros García, Juliana Torres Ardilla, María Luz González Gadea, Teresa Torralva, Jesica Ferrari, Agustín Ibáñez, Facundo Manes, John Duncan
In everyday life people may act automatically, following "unwanted" lines of action which are triggered by contextual cues and may interfere with current goals. Such occurrences are known as "capture errors" in reference to errors that occur when a more salient behaviour takes place when a similar, but less salient, action was intended. Clinical neuropsychological studies suggest that reactivation of previous rules may play an important role in behavioural interference, but such reactivation has been little studied in normal subjects and simple experimental tasks. In the present study we develop this theme, presenting data on 4 subjects who spontaneously showed capture errors in verbal fluency tasks, and developing a new experimental paradigm specifically designed to elicit such interference in normal subjects. In the new paradigm, 101 normal subjects performed a simple series of working memory tasks, including occasional stimuli whose answer matched both the current and the previous rule. We found that normal controls indeed tend to commit more mistakes after the presentation of a stimulus whose answer is consistent with a current and preceding rule. In this case, however, the errors produced are not necessarily associated with a shift back to the old rule, suggesting that rule reactivation leads to a more general interference effect. We discuss the importance of our data from both theoretical and clinical perspectives.



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Health anxiety by proxy in women with severe health anxiety: a case control study

Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017
Source:Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Author(s): Mette Viller Thorgaard, Lisbeth Frostholm, Lynn Walker, Jens Søndergaard Jensen, Butrin Morina, Hanne Lindegaard, Lone Salomonsen, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask
Health anxiety (HA) refers to excessive worries and anxiety about harbouring serious illness based on misinterpretation of bodily sensations or changes as signs of serious illness. Severe HA is associated with disability and high health care costs. However, the impact of parental HA on excessive concern with their children's health (health anxiety by proxy) is scantly investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate HA by proxy in mothers with severe HA. Fifty mothers with severe HA and two control groups were included, i.e. mothers with rheumatoid arthritis (N=49) and healthy mothers (N=51). All participants completed self-report questionnaires on their own HA and illness perceptions and on illness worries and illness behaviour related to their children.The results showed that mothers with severe HA reported significantly more negative illness perceptions and more HA on behalf of their child (i.e. by proxy) compared to both control groups.HA by proxy may be an overlooked treatment target in mothers with severe HA, and improving our understanding of this condition can have important preventive and clinical implications.



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Integrating iCBT for Generalized Anxiety Disorder into Routine Clinical Care: Treatment Effects Across the Adult Lifespan

Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017
Source:Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Author(s): Megan J. Hobbs, Alison E.J. Mahoney, Gavin Andrews
The burden attributable to late-life Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is set to increase alongside the ageing population. Yet, the psychogeriatric workforce is limited in size and few studies have focused on the treatment of GAD among older patients. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) could be integrated into existing infrastructure and scale the psychogeriatric workforce, if shown to be effective across the adult lifespan. This study examined age-related differences in presentation, adherence and effects of iCBT for GAD among patients in routine clinical care (N=942; 18–29years (n=267); 30–39years (n=260); 40–49years (n=180); 50–59years (n=124); and 60+ years (n=111)). Compared to younger patients, older patients were less likely to present with probable GAD and MDD diagnoses (<60years vs. 60+ years) and more likely to complete treatment (<50years vs. 50+ years). iCBT produced moderate to large effect size reductions in symptom severity, distress and impairment independent of age. iCBT is therefore an effective treatment for GAD across the adult lifespan, which can be delivered in routine clinical care. Continuing to integrate iCBT into existing services has the potential to improve the capacity of the existing workforce to manage those seeking help for GAD particularly as the population ages.



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Aortitis in giant cell arteritis: diagnosis with FDG PET/CT and agreement with CT angiography.

Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Mona Hommada, Arsène Mekinian, Pierre-Yves Brillet, Sébastien Abad, Claire Larroche, Robin Dhôte, Olivier Fain, Michael Soussan
ObjectivesTo assess the detection rate of aortitis in giant cell arteritis (GCA) with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET) and to compare the findings with CT angiography (CTA).MethodsFifty-two GCA patients and 27 controls were included. GCA patients had a PET scan at diagnosis (35/52) or during relapse (17/52). Concomitant CTA was performed in 35/52 patients. Aortitis was defined as FDG uptake higher than the liver for PET and wall thickness≥3mm for CTA. Agreement between PET and CTA was evaluated by the kappa coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient.ResultsAortitis was diagnosed using PET in 40% (14/35) of patients at diagnosis and in 0% of controls (0/27). Agreement was perfect between PET and CT (kappa: 0.72 to 1). PET was positive in 35% (6/17) of patients scanned during GCA relapse, showing aortitis (n=4) and/or articular uptake (n=4). Discrepancies between PET and CT were observed only in relapsing GCA (n=3). Correlation between the maximum standardized uptake value and wall thickness was moderate at diagnosis (r: 0.57 to 0.7) and not significant during relapse.ConclusionsThe detection rate of aortitis in GCA patients using PET is 40%, approximately in the range of CTA rates, suggesting that the two techniques have similar sensitivity. PET seems valuable in relapsing GCA, allowing the detection of vascular and articular activities.



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Primary thromboprophylaxis with low-dose aspirin and antiphospholipid antibodies: Pro's and Con's

Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Laurent Arnaud, Fabrizio Conti, François Chasset, Laura Massaro, Gentian Denas, Francois Chasset, Vittorio Pengo
Whether primary prophylaxis should be prescribed in individuals with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) remains controversial due to the lack of relevant evidence-based data. Indeed, it is unclear whether the benefit of LDA outweighs the risk of major bleeding associated LDA in a low-risk population. On the contrary, stratification of aPL-positive subjects according to their aPL profile (combination, isotype and titer), presence of other concomitant risk factors for thrombosis and coexistence of an underling autoimmune disease is essential to decide whether primary prophylactic therapy should be prescribed. Additionally, the management of modifiable thrombotic risk factors is a necessary strategy, and the use of transient prophylaxis is crucial during high-risk periods. Specifically designed prospective trials are urgently needed to determine the real prophylactic impact of aspirin, as well as of alternative or concomitant therapeutic strategies such as hydroxychloroquine, statins or DOACS in aPL positive patients.



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Resolution of recurrent tonsillitis in a non-smoker who became a vaper. A case study and new hypothesis.

Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017
Source:Medical Hypotheses
Author(s): Joanna Astrid Miler, Peter Hajek
BackgroundEvidence concerning the impact of vaping on respiratory infections remains contradictory. Cell and animal studies suggested that vaping may increase vulnerability to respiratory infections, but human data do not confirm the concern.Case PresentationWe present a case of a never-smoker who became a vaper and after a few months of e-cigarette use experienced a complete resolution of chronic tonsillitis and a marked improvement in tonsilloliths.ConclusionsAs this is a never-smoker, the improvements cannot be attributed to smoking cessation. One possible explanation is that the improvement was due to antimicrobial properties of propylene glycol. The hypothesis could be tested by a trial of zero-nicotine e-cigarettes in patients with recurrent bacterial throat infection.



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A quick overview to the early phase clinical trials of Simtuzumab®: Are we loosing the most promising anti-fibrotic product?

Publication date: Available online 11 September 2017
Source:Medical Hypotheses
Author(s): Akif Altinbas




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Fractional carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars: prospective clinical trial with short and long-term evaluation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of acne scars. Thirty-one participants, 15 female and 16 male, whose mean age was 34.84 ± 10.94 years, were included in this prospective study. The study took place between 2012 and 2016. Participants were evaluated with the "ECCA Grading Scale" before the first session, 3 months (short-term evaluation) and 3 years after the last session (long-term evaluation). Participants received two or three treatment sessions at 4-week intervals, with a 10,600 nm fractional carbon dioxide laser with pulse energies ranging between 100 and 160 mJ, 120 spot type, 75–100 spot/cm² density, and 30 W power. Self-assessments by the participants were done 3 months and 3 years after the last session. The mean ECCA score was 107.90 ± 39.38 before the first session, and 82.17 ± 36.23 at the time of short-term evaluation (p = 0.000). The grade of improvement at the short-term evaluation was as follows: no improvement, mild, moderate, and significant improvement for 7 (22.6%), 11 (35.5%), 9 (29%), and 4 (12.9%) of the participants, respectively. Regarding self-assessments, 80.6 and 61.3% of the participants rated themselves as having at least mild improvement at the short-term and the long-term follow-up periods, respectively. The results of this study suggest that fractional carbon dioxide laser is an efficient treatment option for acne scars. Furthermore, self-assessment results show that more than half of the participants still experience at least mild improvement at the end of 3 years.

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Collective invasion in ductal and lobular breast cancer associates with distant metastasis

Abstract

Breast cancer undergoes collective tissue invasion and, in experimental models, can collectively metastasize. The prevalence of collective invasion and its contribution to distant metastasis in clinical disease, however, remains poorly defined. We here scored the adipose tissue invasion of primary invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), expressing E-cadherin, and E-cadherin negative invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and identified predominantly collective invasion patterns (86/86 samples) in both carcinoma types. Whereas collective invasion in IDC lesions retained adherens junctions, multicellular clusters and "Indian files" in ILC, despite the absence of adherens junctions (AJ) proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin, retained CD44 at cell–cell contacts. By histomorphological scoring and semi-automated image analysis, we show that the extent of collective invasion into the adipose tissue correlated with decreased distant metastasis-free survival (5-year follow-up; hazard ratio: 2.32 and 2.29, respectively). Thus, collective invasion represents the predominant invasion mode in breast cancer, develops distinct junctional subtypes in IDC and ILC, and associates with distant metastasis, suggesting a critical role in systemic dissemination.

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Impact Factor: A Curious and Capricious Metric

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Correction

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