Differential carbonylation of proteins in end-stage human fatty and nonfatty NASH

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Colin T. Shearn, Laura M. Saba, James R. Roede, David J. Orlicky, Alisabeth H. Shearn, Dennis R. Petersen
ObjectiveIn the liver, a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is oxidative stress leading to the accumulation of highly reactive electrophilic α/β unsaturated aldehydes. The objective of this study was to determine if significant differences were evident when evaluating carbonylation in human end-stage fatty nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (fNASH) compared to end-stage nonfatty NASH (nfNASH).MethodsUsing hepatic tissue obtained from healthy humans and patients diagnosed with end stage nfNASH or fNASH, overall carbonylation was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and LC-MS/MS followed by bioinformatics.ResultsPicrosirius red staining revealed extensive fibrosis in both fNASH and nfNASH which corresponded with increased reactive aldehyde staining. Although significantly elevated when compared to normal hepatic tissue, no significant differences in overall carbonylation and fibrosis were evident when comparing fNASH with nfNASH. Examining proteins that are critical for anti-oxidant defense revealed elevated expression of thioredoxin, thioredoxin interacting protein, glutathione S-transferase p1 and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in human NASH. As important, using immunohistochemistry, significant colocalization of the aforementioned proteins occurred in cytokeratin 7 positive cells indicating that they are part of the ductular reaction. Expression of catalase and Hsp70 decreased in both groups when compared to normal human liver. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed a total of 778 carbonylated proteins. Of these, 194 were common to all groups, 124 unique to tissue prepared from healthy individuals, 357 proteins exclusive to NASH, 124 proteins distinct to samples from patients with fNASH and 178 unique to nfNASH. Using functional enrichment analysis of hepatic carbonylated proteins revealed a propensity for increased carbonylation of proteins regulating cholesterol and Huntington's disease related pathways occurred in nfNASH. Examining fNASH, increased carbonylation was evident in proteins regulating Rho cytoskeletal pathways, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling and chemokine/cytokine inflammatory pathways. Using LC-MS/MS analysis and trypsin digests, sites of carbonylation were identified on peptides isolated from vimentin, endoplasmin and serum albumin in nfNASH and fNASH respectively.ConclusionsThese results indicate that cellular factors regulating mechanisms of protein carbonylation may be different depending on pathological diagnosis of NASH. Furthermore these studies are the first to use LC-MS/MS analysis of carbonylated proteins in human NAFLD and explore possible mechanistic links with end stage cirrhosis due to fatty liver disease and the generation of reactive aldehydes.

Graphical abstract

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Temporal changes in glutathione biosynthesis during the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophages

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Hongqiao Zhang, Honglei Liu, Lulu Zhou, Jenay Yuen, Henry Jay Forman
How macrophages maintain redox homeostasis in the inflammatory process, in which a large amount of oxidants are produced, remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the temporal changes in the intracellular glutathione (GSH), the master antioxidant, and the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, in the inflammatory response of human macrophages (THP1 cells) to lipopolysaccharide. Intracellular GSH concentration was decreased significantly in the early phase (~6h) of LPS exposure, and then gradually went back to the basal level in the late phase (9–24h). The expression level of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) followed a similar pattern of change as GSH: its mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the early phase and then back to basal level in the late phase. In contrast, the expression of the modifier subunit of GCL (GCLM) was significantly increased in the phase of LPS exposure. Activation Nrf2, the transcription factor involved in the induction of both GCLC and GCLM, occurred at as early as 3h after LPS exposure; whereas the activation of NF-κB occurred at as early as 30min. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling with SN50 prevented the decrease of GCLC and inhibited Nrf2 activation in response to LPS. These data demonstrate time-dependent changes in the expression of GCL and Nrf2 signaling during the inflammatory response, and that the regulation of GCLC and GCLM might be through different pathways in this process.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2j6ELjq

nNOS uncoupling by oxidized LDL: Implications in atherosclerosis

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Juliana Maria Navia-Pelaez, Gianne Paul Campos-Mota, Jessica Cristina Araujo de Souza, Edenil Costa Aguilar, Nikos Stergiopulos, Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite, Luciano Santos Aggum Capettini

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2j6Om9U

Analysis of endogenous H2S and H2Sn in mouse brain by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and tandem mass spectrometric detection

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Shin Koike, Kumiko Kawamura, Yuka Kimura, Norihiro Shibuya, Hideo Kimura, Yuki Ogasawara
Previous studies indicated that bound sulfur species (BSS), including hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn), have various physiological functions in mammalian cells. Although H2Sn molecules have been considered as secondary metabolites derived from hydrogen sulfide (H2S) based on in vitro studies or predetermined reaction formula, the physiological form of BSS and their endogenous concentration remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to improve the usual method using monobromobimane (mBB) followed by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis for HS^－ for simultaneous determination of H2S, H2S2, H2S3 and cysteine persulfide in biological samples. We demonstrated that mBB derivatization of H2S and H2Sn standards under alkaline conditions (pH 9.5) induced significant decreases in H2S2 and H2S3 levels and a significant increase in the H2S level in an incubation time-dependent manner. Conversely, the derivatization of mBB adducts of H2S2 and H2S3 were stable under neutral conditions (pH 7.0), which is physiologically relevant. Therefore, we re-examined the method using mBB and applied an improved method for the evaluation of H2S, H2S2, and H2S3 in mouse brain under physiological pH conditions. The concentrations of H2S and H2S2 were 0.030 ± 0.004μmol/g protein and 0.026 ± 0.002μmol/g protein, respectively. Although the level of H2S3 was below the quantification limit of this method, H2S3 was detected in mouse brain. Using the method established here, we reveal for the first time the existence of endogenous H2S2 and H2S3 in mammalian brain tissues. H2S2 and H2S3 exert anti-oxidant activity and anti-carbonyl stress effects through the regulation of redox balance in neuronal cells. Thus, our observations provide novel insights into the physiological functions of BSS in the brain and into neuronal diseases involved in redox imbalance.

Graphical abstract

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Dimerization and oxidation of tryptophan in UV-A photolysis sensitized by kynurenic acid

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Ekaterina D. Sormacheva, Peter S. Sherin, Yuri P. Tsentalovich
Photoinduced generation of radicals in the eye lens may play an important role in the modification of proteins leading to their coloration, aggregation, and insolubilization. The radicals can be formed via the reactions of photoexcited endogenous chromophores of the human lens with lens proteins, in particular with tryptophan residues. In the present work we studied the reactions induced by UV-A (315–400nm) light between kynurenic acid (KNA), an effective photosensitizer present in the human lens, and N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (NTrpH) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Our results show that the reaction mechanism strongly depends on the presence of oxygen in solution. Under aerobic conditions, the generation of singlet oxygen is the major channel of the effective NTrpH oxidation. In argon-bubbled solutions, the quenching of triplet KNA by NTrpH results in the formation of KNA^•− and NTrp^• radicals. Under laser pulse irradiation, when the radical concentration is high, the main pathway of the radical decay is the back electron transfer with the restoration of initial reagents. Other reactions include (i) the radical combination yielding NTrp dimers and (ii) the oxygen atom transfer from KNA^•− to NTrp^• with the formation of oxidized NTrp species and deoxygenated KNA products. In continuous-wave photolysis, even trace amounts of molecular oxygen are sufficient to oxidize the majority of KNA^•− radicals with the rate constant of (2.0 ± 0.2) × 10⁹M⁻¹s⁻¹, leading to the restoration of KNA and the formation of superoxide radical O2^•−. The latter reacts with NTrp^• via either the radical combination to form oxidized NTrp (minor pathway), or the electron transfer to restore NTrpH in the ground state (major pathway). As the result, the quantum yields of the starting compound decomposition under continuous-wave anaerobic photolysis are rather low: 1.6% for NTrpH and 0.02% for KNA. The photolysis of KNA with alpha-crystallin yields the same deoxygenated KNA products as the photolysis of KNA with NTrpH, indicating the similarity of the photolysis mechanisms. Thus, inside the eye lens KNA can sensitize both protein photooxidation and protein covalent cross-linking with the minor self-degradation. This may play an important role in the lens protein modifications during the normal aging and cataract development.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2j6EGw8

Selenium-containing indolyl compounds: Kinetics of reaction with inflammation-associated oxidants and protective effect against oxidation of extracellular matrix proteins

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Angela M. Casaril, Marta T. Ignasiak, Christine Y. Chuang, Beatriz Vieira, Nathalia B. Padilha, Luke Carroll, Eder J. Lenardão, Lucielli Savegnago, Michael J. Davies
Activated white blood cells generate multiple oxidants in response to invading pathogens. Thus, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is generated via the reaction of myeloperoxidase (from neutrophils and monocytes) with hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH), a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent is formed from superoxide radicals and nitric oxide, generated by stimulated macrophages. Excessive or misplaced production of these oxidants has been linked to multiple human pathologies, including cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and the presence of oxidized materials, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, within the artery wall. Here we investigated the potential of selenium-containing indoles to afford protection against these oxidants, by determining rate constants (k) for their reaction, and quantifying the extent of damage on isolated ECM proteins and ECM generated by human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). The novel selenocompounds examined react with HOCl with k 0.2–1.0 × 10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹, and ONOOH with k 4.5–8.6 - × 10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹. Reaction with H2O2 is considerably slower (k < 0.25M⁻¹s⁻¹). The selenocompound 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine provided protection to human serum albumin (HSA) against HOCl-mediated damage (as assessed by SDS-PAGE) and damage to isolated matrix proteins induced by ONOOH, with a concomitant decrease in the levels of the biomarker 3-nitrotyrosine. Structural damage and generation of 3-nitroTyr on HCAEC-ECM were also reduced. These data demonstrate that the novel selenium-containing compounds show high reactivity with oxidants and may modulate oxidative and nitrosative damage at sites of inflammation, contributing to a reduction in tissue dysfunction and atherogenesis.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2j7dFZi

White light emitting diode suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in hippocampal neuron cells through mitochondrial cytochrome c oxydase-mediated IGF-1 and TNF-α pathways

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Yang Yang, Yibo Zong, Qinwei Sun, Yimin Jia, Ruqian Zhao
Light emitting diode (LED) light has been tested to treat traumatic brain injury, neural degenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Previous studies indicate that blue LED light affects cell proliferation and apoptosis in photosensitive cells and cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrate that white LED light exposure impaired proliferation and induced apoptosis in HeLa and HT-22 hippocampal neural cells, but not C2C12 cells. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the effect of white LED light exposure on HT-22 cells were elucidated. In HeLa and HT-22 cells, white LED light activated mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (Cco), in association with enhanced ATP synthase activity and elevated intracellular ATP concentration. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were increased, accompanied by higher calcium concentration and lower mitochondrial membrane potential. HT-22 cells exposed to white LED light for 24h showed reduced viability, with higher apoptotic rate and a cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Concurrently, the mRNA expression and the concentration of IGF-1 were decreased, while that of TNF-α were increased, in light-exposed cells, which was supported by the luciferase activity of both gene promoters. The down-stream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), AKT/mTOR pathways were inhibited, in association with an activation of apoptotic caspase 3. N-Acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, protected the cells from LED light-induced cellular damage, with rescued cell viability and restored mRNA expression of IGF-1 and TNF-α. Our data demonstrate that white LED light suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in hippocampal neuron cells through mitochondrial Cco/ROS-mediated IGF-1 and TNF-α pathways.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2yDTUj6

Scholar : Acta Orthopaedica, Volume 88, Issue 6, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Acta Orthopaedica, Volume 88, Issue 6, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Editorial Open Access Acta going electronic-only for members of the Nordic Orthopaedic Federation | Pages: 575-575 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1388081 Beware of predatory journals | Pages: 576-576 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1387731 Guest Editorial Will intelligent machine learning revolutionize orthopedic imaging? | Hans E Berg Pages: 577-577 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1387732 Annotation The Cox model is better than the Fine and Gray model when estimating relative revision risks from arthroplasty register data | Jonas Ranstam & Otto Robertsson Pages: 578-580 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1361130 Original Articles Artificial intelligence for analyzing orthopedic trauma radiographs Deep learning algorithms—are they on par with humans for diagnosing fractures? | Jakub Olczak, Niklas Fahlberg, Atsuto Maki, Ali Sharif Razavian, Anthony Jilert, André Stark, Olof Sköldenberg & Max Gordon Pages: 581-586 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1344459 Risk factors associated with intraoperative complications in primary shoulder arthroplasty A study using the England, Wales and Northern Ireland National Joint Registry dataset | Paul D Cowling, Philip Holland, Lucksy Kottam, Paul Baker & Amar Rangan Pages: 587-591 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1362155 International variation in shoulder arthroplasty Incidence, indication, type of procedure, and outcomes evaluation in 9 countries | Anne Lübbeke, Jonathan L Rees, Christophe Barea, Christophe Combescure, Andrew J Carr & Alan J Silman Pages: 592-599 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1368884 Specific exercises for subacromial pain Good results maintained for 5 years | Hanna C Björnsson Hallgren, Lars E Adolfsson, Kajsa Johansson, Birgitta Öberg, Anna Peterson & Theresa M Holmgren Pages: 600-605 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1364069 Increasing age and tear size reduce rotator cuff repair healing rate at 1 year Data from a large randomized controlled trial | Mustafa S Rashid, Cushla Cooper, Jonathan Cook, David Cooper, Stephanie G Dakin, Sarah Snelling & Andrew J Carr Pages: 606-611 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1370844 Defining a core outcome set for adolescent and young adult patients with a spinal deformity A collaborative effort for the Nordic Spine Surgery Registries | Marinus de Kleuver, Sayf S A Faraj, Roderick M Holewijn, Niccole M Germscheid, Raphael D Adobor, Mikkel Andersen, Hans Tropp, Benny Dahl, Heli Keskinen, Anders Olai, David W Polly, Miranda L van Hooff & Tsjitske M Haanstra Pages: 612-618 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1371371 Excellent long-term results of the Müller acetabular reinforcement ring in primary cup revision A single-center study of 259 cases after a mean of 10 years' follow-up | Pascal Mueller Greber, Isabella Manzoni, Peter E Ochsner, Thomas Ilchmann, Lukas Zwicky & Martin Clauss Pages: 619-626 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1361137 Reduced revision rate and maintained function after hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures after transition from posterolateral to direct lateral approach | Sebastian Mukka, Björn Knutsson, Ammar Majeed & Arkan S Sayed-Noor Pages: 627-633 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1364067 Comparative efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip and knee arthroplasty A network meta-analysis | Min Hur, Sun-Kyung Park, Chang-Hoon Koo, Eun Dhong Jung, Pyoyoon Kang, Won Ho Kim, Jin-Tae Kim, Chul-Woo Jung & Jae-Hyon Bahk Pages: 634-641 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1361131 CD3+ lymphocytosis in the peri-implant membrane of 222 loosened joint endoprostheses depends on the tribological pairing | Felix Hopf, Peter Thomas, Stefan Sesselmann, Marc N Thomsen, Maximilian Hopf, Johannes Hopf, Manfred G Krukemeyer, Herbert Resch & Veit Krenn Pages: 642-648 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1362774 Increased risk of aseptic loosening for 43,525 rotating-platform vs. fixed-bearing total knee replacements A Norwegian–Australian registry study, 2003–2014 | Oystein Gothesen, Stein Hakon L Lygre, Michelle Lorimer, Stephen Graves & Ove Furnes Pages: 649-656 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1378533 A simple method for accurate rotational positioning of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty A prospective study on 80 knees with 3 years' follow-up with CT scans and functional outcome | Eirik Aunan, Daniel Østergaard, Arn Meland, Ketil Dalheim & Leiv Sandvik Pages: 657-663 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1362733 Middle-aged patients with an MRI-verified medial meniscal tear report symptoms commonly associated with knee osteoarthritis A cross-sectional study of 199 patients | Kristoffer B Hare, L Stefan Lohmander, Nina Jullum Kise, May Arna Risberg & Ewa M Roos Pages: 664-669 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1360985 Biological treatment of the knee with platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrates A review of the current status | Gilbert Moatshe, Elizabeth R Morris, Mark E Cinque, Cecilia Pascual-Garrido, Jorge Chahla, Lars Engebretsen & Robert F Laprade Pages: 670-674 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1368899 Good outcome scores and high satisfaction rate after primary total ankle replacement 167 patients followed for 24 months in the Swedish Ankle Registry | Ilka Kamrad, Åke Carlsson, Anders Henricson, Håkan Magnusson, Magnus K Karlsson & Björn E Rosengren Pages: 675-680 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1366405 Classification systems for distal radius fractures Does the reliability improve using additional computed tomography? | Ydo V Kleinlugtenbelt, Sylvester R Groen, S John Ham, Peter Kloen, Robert Haverlag, Maarten P Simons, Vanessa A B Scholtes, Mohit Bhandari, J Carel Goslings & Rudolf W Poolman Pages: 681-687 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1338066 Higher incidence rates than previously known in tenosynovial giant cell tumors A nationwide study in The Netherlands | Monique J L Mastboom, Floortje G M Verspoor, Arjan J Verschoor, Daniël Uittenbogaard, Banne Nemeth, Walter J B Mastboom, Judith V M G Bovée, P D Sander Dijkstra, H W Bart Schreuder, Hans Gelderblom, Michiel A J Van de Sande & TGCT study group Pages: 688-694 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1361126 To what extent can soft-tissue releases improve hip displacement in cerebral palsy? A prospective population-based study of 37 children with 7 years' follow-up | Terje Terjesen Pages: 695-700 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1365471 In Memoriam Edward Valstar (1970–2017) | Rob Nelissen, Bart Kaptein & DirkJan Veeger Pages: 701-702 | DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1375341 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes, Volume 42, Issue 3, November 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes, Volume 42, Issue 3, November 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. Land, Justice and Memory: Challenges for Peace in Colombia This new issue contains the following articles: Introduction Land, justice, and memory: challenges for peace in Colombia Catherine C. LeGrand, Luis van Isschot & Pilar Riaño-Alcalá Pages: 259-276 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1378381 Articles Reflections on injustice, inequality and land conflict in Colombia R. Albert Berry Pages: 277-297 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1378400 Century of the exile: Colombia's displacement and land restitution in historical perspective, 1940s–1960s Robert A. Karl Pages: 298-319 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1317951 A typology of military factions in the Colombian officer corps: origins and evolution of Colombian counter-insurgency Philippe Dufort Pages: 320-349 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1378402 Las conversaciones de paz en Colombia y el reconocimiento de los cultivadores de coca como víctimas y sujetos de derechos diferenciados María Clemencia Ramírez Pages: 350-374 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1379135 Eradication without prior consultation: the aerial fumigation of coca in the black communities of the Colombian Pacific Alexander Huezo Pages: 375-399 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1378406 La coerción social extorsiva y el milagro de Medellín: la contra cara de un modelo J. Jairo Bedoya Pages: 400-416 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1378407 Epilogo. Perspectivas indígenas de la paz: su estética y ritualidad Weildler Guerra Curvelo Pages: 417-424 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1378446 Notes on Contributors Notes on contributors Pages: 425-426 | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1379248 Editorial Board Editorial Board Pages: ebi-ebi | DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2017.1392145 Find out more about the issues and challenges in Governing Asia. This collection includes free access papers on security challenges, the Abe and Modi administration, reflections on the Chinese Governance and more. Browse today! To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Annals of Leisure Research, Volume 20, Issue 5, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Annals of Leisure Research, Volume 20, Issue 5, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. Special issue: Ethics and Leisure This new issue contains the following articles: Introduction Introduction to special issue: ethics and leisure Brent Lovelock Pages: 519-523 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2017.1391463 Commentary The case of Belle Gibson, social media, and what it means for understanding leisure under digital praxis Chris Rojek Pages: 524-528 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2017.1290142 Articles Speaking of virtue ethics: what has happened to leisure? Donald McLean Pages: 529-545 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2017.1357046 Leisure, ethics, and spirituality Belinda A. Creighton-Smith, Michelle Cook & Christopher R. Edginton Pages: 546-562 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2017.1295873 Cheating, lying, and trying in recreational sports and leisure practices Pam R. Sailors, Sarah Teetzel & Charlene Weaving Pages: 563-577 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2017.1284009 Loving thoroughbreds to death: conflicting values in leisure experience Caroline Winter Pages: 578-593 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1265458 Blood on the race track: an analysis of ethical concerns regarding animal-based gambling Kevin Markwell, Tracey Firth & Nerilee Hing Pages: 594-609 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1251326 The khat controversy: dark leisure in a liquid modern world Spencer Swain Pages: 610-625 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2017.1295874 Classic Book Review A leisure of one's own: a feminist perspective on women's leisure Heather L. Jeffrey Pages: 626-628 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2017.1377858 Book Reviews Children, families and leisure Arianne Reis Pages: 629-630 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1252275 Identity discourses and communities in international events, festivals and spectacles Svitlana Iarmolenko Ramer Pages: 630-633 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1255150 Community development: applications for leisure, sport and tourism Allan Jepson Pages: 633-634 | DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1258584 2018 Future Directions Forum JOIN US at the 2018 Future Directions Forum for Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology - June 15-16, 2018 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

The effect of laser-assisted hatching on pregnancy outcomes of cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

It is well known that laser-assisted hatching (LAH) is the most popular and ideal embryo hatching technology, but the relevance to pregnancy outcomes of cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer (ET) is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of LAH on pregnancy outcomes of cryopreserved-thawed ET. We searched for relevant studies published in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central databases up to March 2017. This meta-analysis was primarily used to evaluate the effect of laser-assisted hatching on assisted reproductive outcomes: clinical pregnancy, embryo implantation, multiple pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. Using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects model and random effects model, we determined the summary odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There were 12 randomized controlled trials (more than 2574 participants) included in our analysis. The rates of clinical pregnancy (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.24–2.19, I ² = 49), implantation (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.06–2.38, I ² = 82%), multiple pregnancy (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.30–4.07, I ² = 33%), miscarriage (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.50–1.48, I ² = 0%), and live birth (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.77–1.54, I ² = 0%) revealed comparable results for both groups. In summary, this meta-analysis demonstrates that LAH is related to a higher clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, and multiple pregnancy rate in women with cryopreserved-thawed embryos. However, LAH is unlikely to increase live birth rates and miscarriage rates. Due to the small sample evaluated in the pool of included studies, large-scale, prospective, randomized, controlled trials are required to determine if these small effects are clinically relevant.

http://ift.tt/2hNVB2P

Anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy on human periodontal ligament cells: in vitro study

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is commonly treated with surgical and nonsurgical techniques. However, both approaches have limitations. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely applied in reducing inflammatory reactions, and research indicates that LLLT induces an anti-inflammatory effect that may enhance periodontal disease therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of LLLT on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in an inflammatory environment and aimed to determine the possible mechanism of action. Cells were cultured and treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphryromonas gingivalis or Escherichia coli, followed by irradiation with a gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (660 nm) at an energy density of 8 J/cm². Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to examine nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to monitor the concentration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Both LPS treatments significantly induced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, LLLT inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and elevated intracellular levels of cAMP. The LLLT inhibitory effect may function by downregulating NF-κB transcriptional activity and by increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP. LLLT might inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in hPDLCs through cAMP/NF-κB regulation. These results should be further studied to improve periodontal therapy.

http://ift.tt/2AfjBmw

Towards replacement of the acellular pertussis vaccine safety test: Comparison of in vitro cytotoxic activity and in vivo activity in mice

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Leslie D. Wagner, Laura J. Corvette, Miriam M. Ngundi, Drusilla L. Burns
Because of the exquisite sensitivity of the murine histamine sensitization test (HIST) in detecting minute amounts of active pertussis toxin (PTx), this animal-based test has been used to assure the safety of acellular pertussis vaccines in the United States and other countries around the world. Prompted by humane considerations, efforts are underway to find a suitable in vitro replacement assay that has critical attributes comparable to that of the HIST. In this study, we compared the sensitivity of the in vivo HIST with an in vitro Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell-based assay. Using vaccine samples that had been spiked with PTx, we found that both assays were capable of detecting as little as 4–10 ng of active pertussis toxin per dose of vaccine; thus, the sensitivities of the two assays are comparable. Because the strength of adsorption of PTx to the vaccine adjuvant could change over time, we also used both assays to examine the bioavailability of PTx in spiked vaccine samples that had been stored at 25 °C for 9 weeks, mimicking long term vaccine storage conditions. We found that both assays detected similar amounts of active PTx in these samples, indicating that bioavailability of the toxin in stored samples was similar. Taken together, our results indicate that critical attributes of the HIST are met by the CHO cell assay used in this study and provide proof of concept that the CHO cell assay may be further considered as a replacement for the in vivo HIST.



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Prevalence and factors associated with influenza vaccination of persons over 65 years old in Spain (2009–2014)

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Caridad Dios-Guerra, Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres, Pablo Jesús López-Soto, Ignacio Morales-Cané, María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego
BackgroundInfluenza is a major public health problem. Achieving 65% coverage in people over 65 years old is a health policy priority in Spain.ObjectiveTo determine the coverage of influenza vaccination in Spain in 2014 for people over 65 years and to analyze the factors associated with coverage and its progression between 2009 and 2014.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted that included 18,442 non-institutionalized individuals over 65 years who had participated in the National Health Survey in Spain in 2011 and in the European Health Survey in Spain in 2009 and 2014. Socio-demographic variables, health variables, and influenza vaccination data were used. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the variables associated with anti-influenza vaccination.ResultsInfluenza vaccination coverage has declined from 2009 (74.5%) to 2014 (57.4%). There are significant differences in the vaccination coverage among the different Spanish autonomous communities in the different years studied. Influenza vaccination was associated with males, low social class, and low level of education. There is greater participation in other preventive measures, such as assessing blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol, than in influenza vaccination.ConclusionsFewer people over 65 years old than recommended by the WHO participated in the influenza vaccination campaign in Spain in 2014. This coverage declined progressively from 2009 to 2014.



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Strengthening global vaccine access for adolescents and adults

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Angeline Nanni, Stefanie Meredith, Stephanie Gati, Karin Holm, Tom Harmon, Ann Ginsberg
Global immunization efforts to date have heavily focused on infants and children, with noted success on public health. Healthy adolescents and adults contribute to the economic growth and development of countries but efforts to ensure vaccine coverage for these groups receive inadequate global attention and resources. Emerging epidemics for a number of infectious diseases including Ebola, Zika, dengue, malaria and the continuing epidemics of tuberculosis and several sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, HPV and Hepatitis B, have high incidence and prevalence in adolescents and adults. New vaccines under development for these diseases and under-used vaccines such as for human papilloma virus will have the greatest health and economic impact in these populations.Global consensus, political will, policies, global and country infrastructure, and financing mechanisms are needed to accelerate access for the billions of adolescents and adults living under the threat of devastating infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics, especially in lower income countries. The global health community and countries cannot afford to delay planning for implementation of adolescent and adult vaccine programs that will potentially save millions of lives and strengthen global and national economies. The article examines this next challenge and suggests a research agenda and a framework for action to galvanize global and national policy decision-makers to begin preparations for future immunization challenges.



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Protection against Schistosoma haematobium infection in hamsters by immunization with Schistosoma mansoni gut-derived cysteine peptidases, SmCB1 and SmCL3

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Hatem Tallima, Marwa Abou El Dahab, Sahira Kareem, John Pius Dalton, Rashika El Ridi
We examined the immunogenicity and protective potential of SmCB1 and SmCL3 cysteine peptidases, alone and in combination, in hamsters challenged with S. haematobium. For each of two independent experiments, eight Syrian hamsters were immunized twice with a three week-interval with 0 (controls), 20 µg SmCB1, 20 µg SmCL3, or 10 µg SmCB1 plus 10 µg SmCL3, and then percutaneously exposed eight weeks later to 100 S. haematobium cercariae. Hamsters from each group were assessed for humoral and whole blood culture cytokine responses on day 10 post challenge infection, and examined for parasitological parameters 12 weeks post infection. At day 10 post-infection we found that SmCB1 and SmCL3 elicited low antibody titres and weak but polarized cytokine type 2 responses. Nevertheless, both cysteine peptidases, alone or in combination, evoked reproducible and highly significant reduction in challenge worm burden (>70%, P < 0.02) as well as a significant reduction in worm egg counts and viability. The data support our previous findings and show that S. mansoni cysteine peptidases SmCB1 and SmCL3 are efficacious adjuvant-free vaccines that induce protection in mice and hamsters against both S. mansoni and S. haematobium.



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Scholar : Eating Disorders, Volume 25, Issue 5, October-December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Eating Disorders, Volume 25, Issue 5, October-December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Prevention Series The long-term impact of an eating disorder prevention program for professional ballet school students: A 15-year follow-up study Rachel J. Bar, Stephanie E. Cassin & Michelle M. Dionne Pages: 375-387 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1308731 Original Articles On synchronicity, passing the torch, and the task of prevention Niva Piran Pages: 388-391 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1368866 PREVENTION SERIES A controlled trial of a yoga-based prevention program targeting eating disorder risk factors among middle school females Catherine Cook-Cottone, Kellie Talebkhah, Wendy Guyker & Emily Keddie Pages: 392-405 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1365562 Original Articles Self-efficacy as a predictor of treatment outcome in an outpatient eating disorder program Aaron Keshen, Thomas Helson, Joel Town & Karly Warren Pages: 406-419 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1324073 The moderating role of emotional reactivity in the link between parental hostility and eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence Anna K. Hochgraf, Rachel E. Kahn & Jungmeen Kim-Spoon Pages: 420-435 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1347417 THE LAST WORD Eating disorders: A 25-year perspective Arnold Andersen, John Foreyt, Margo Maine & Leigh Cohn Pages: 436-447 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1368874 Goodbye, Eating Disorders Leigh Cohn Editor-in-Chief Pages: 448-460 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1368868 Awards 2017 Articles of the Year Awards from Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention Pages: 461-462 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1370161 The Top 25 Articles from Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention (1993–2017) Leigh Cohn Pages: 463-466 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1370166 Editorial Board EOV Editorial Board Pages: ebi-ebi | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1398524 2018 Future Directions Forum JOIN US at the 2018 Future Directions Forum for Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology - June 15-16, 2018 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Susceptibility of metallic magnesium implants to bacterial biofilm infections.

Related Articles

Susceptibility of metallic magnesium implants to bacterial biofilm infections.

J Biomed Mater Res A. 2016 Jun;104(6):1489-99

Authors: Rahim MI, Rohde M, Rais B, Seitz JM, Mueller PP

Abstract
Magnesium alloys have promising mechanical and biological properties as biodegradable medical implant materials for temporary applications during bone healing or as vascular stents. Whereas conventional implants are prone to colonization by treatment resistant microbial biofilms in which bacteria are embedded in a protective matrix, magnesium alloys have been reported to act antibacterial in vitro. To permit a basic assessment of antibacterial properties of implant materials in vivo an economic but robust animal model was established. Subcutaneous magnesium implants were inoculated with bacteria in a mouse model. Contrary to the expectations, bacterial activity was enhanced and prolonged in the presence of magnesium implants. Systemic antibiotic treatments were remarkably ineffective, which is a typical property of bacterial biofilms. Biofilm formation was further supported by electron microscopic analyses that revealed highly dense bacterial populations and evidence for the presence of extracellular matrix material. Bacterial agglomerates could be detected not only on the implant surface but also at a limited distance in the peri-implant tissue. Therefore, precautions may be necessary to minimize risks of metallic magnesium-containing implants in prospective clinical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1489-1499, 2016.

PMID: 26860452 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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A New Editor for Jaad

Publication date: Available online 7 November 2017
Source:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Bruce H. Thiers




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Preparation and application of unhairing enzyme using solid wastes from the leather industry—an attempt toward internalization of solid wastes within the leather industry

Abstract

Usage of the animal fleshing waste as the source of carbon and nitrogen for animal skin unhairing protease (EC 3.4.21) production along with agro-industrial wastes like wheat bran has been investigated. Thermal hydrolysis of delimed fleshing waste for 3 h yielded a fleshing hydrolysate (FH) having a protein content of 20.86 mg/mL and total solids of 46,600 ppm. The FH was lyophilized and spray dried to obtain fleshing hydrolysate powder (FHP) to be used along with wheat bran and rice bran for protease production. The carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur contents of the FHP were found to be 40.1, 13.8, 5.4, and 0.2%. The control solid-state fermented (SSF) medium without FHP showed a maximum activity of only 550 U/g. A maximum protease activity of 956 U/g was obtained by using 6% FHP (taken based on the combined total weight of wheat bran and rice bran) after 96 h of fermentation, resulting in a 1.7-fold increase in the protease activity. The total cost of producing 1 kg of FHP and the cost of producing 1000 kU of protease using FHP along with wheat bran and rice bran were found to be USD 24.62 and USD 2.08, respectively; 25% of SSF protease along with 40% water was found to be capable of unhairing the sheepskins in 7 h eliminating the hazardous conventional lime sulfide unhairing system. Thus, the leather industry's solid waste internalized for the production of unhairing enzyme resulted in a sustainable solution for pollution problems.

Graphical abstract

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Automotive brake wear: a review

Abstract

Road transport systems generate toxic particulate matter (PM) when in motion, that ultimately finds its way to the atmosphere. The PM produced by road transport systems can be broadly classified as exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Exhaust emission is primarily due to product of combustion, as is the case of internal combustion engines and the PM is released to the atmosphere through the tail. Non-exhaust PM sources can be classified as sources such as emissions due to brake wear, tyre wear, road surface wear and resuspension. Both exhaust and non-exhaust sources generate PM of various sizes and shapes that has an impact on our health. Strict legislations by authorities have led to reduced exhaust emissions; however, due to the nature of complexity of PM generation by non-exhaust sources, effective control of non-exhaust emission still needs to be developed. Thus, as exhaust emissions are being controlled, non-exhaust is becoming a significant source of PM emission. The present paper reviews work done by previous researchers on non-exhaust PM and specifically, brake wear from road transport systems as this is one of the most important non-exhaust source of PM in the environment. The finding of the paper would be beneficial to policy makers and researchers.

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Soil ecological criteria for nickel as a function of soil properties

Abstract

Scientific information for the chemistry and ecotoxicology of metals in soils has been obtained in the research conducted in recent years. However, the latest "science" obtained from this research has not yet been translated into "regulations" in China. In the present study, the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for Ni which denoted as soil ecological criteria for Ni were derived based on the effects of soil properties on bioavailability/ecotoxicity of Ni, incorporating the differences in species sensitivity as well as in laboratory and field conditions. First, collected all ecotoxicity data of Ni from bioassays in Chinese soils and filtered with given criteria to obtain reliable data. Second, corrected the compiled data with either aging factor or leaching and aging factors simultaneously to eliminate the discrepancy caused by difference between laboratory and realistic field conditions. Prior to being put into a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method to fit SSD curves, the corrected Ni ecotoxicity data were normalized with Ni ecotoxicity predictive models to modify the variation in Ni ecotoxicity caused by different soil properties. Then, the hazardous concentration for x% of the species (HCx) was figured out from the Ni SSD curve and the ecological criterion of Ni (PNEC) was set equal to HCx. Finally, predictive models for HCx were developed by quantifying the relationship between the Ni HCx and soil properties. Soil pH was the major factor controlling the values of HCx for Ni, with HC5 varying from 6.5 mg/kg in an acidic soil (pH 5.0) to 218.8 mg/kg in an alkaline soil (pH 8.5). The predictive models with parameters of soil pH and organic carbon (%) could calculate HCx with determination coefficients (R²) of 0.90–0.95. When soil cation exchange capacity was taken into account the third parameter, the predictive models could predict HCx more accurate with R² values of 0.94–0.99.

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Clinical and microbiological effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on primary endodontic infections: a 6-month randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Introduction

This short-term randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on clinical success (periapical healing) and on the microbiota of primary endodontic infections.

Methods

Thirty-two patients presenting mandibular molars with apical periodontitis (one tooth/patient) were selected and randomly allocated into two therapeutic groups: control (chemo-mechanical debridement [CMD]; n = 16) and PDT (CMD + PDT; n = 16). All teeth in both groups had intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide for 7 days before final obturation. Follow-up radiographs were made at 3 and 6 months. Periapical healing was evaluated by the periapical index (PAI). Samples were obtained at baseline, after CMD with or without PDT, and just before root filling to determine the frequency and levels of 37 taxa by checkerboard.

Results

Significant decreases in PAI scores were observed in both groups over time, although at 6 months, the PDT group presented a significantly better healing score than the control (p < 0.05). At baseline, the most prevalent species in all samples were Candida albicans (46.9%), Dialister pneumosintes (31.2%), Prevotella nigrescens (28.2%), Prevotella tannerae (28.1%), and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (25%). Most species reduced over time in both groups, and no significant differences in frequency and levels of the tested species were observed between groups in any time point evaluated. C. albicans and D. pneumosintes were still detected in high frequency in both groups at 3 months post-therapy.

Conclusions

Conventional endodontic therapy with or without PDT is effective in reducing microbial load, resulting in periapical healing. Nevertheless, adjunctive PDT provides better periapical healing at 6-month follow-up.

Clinical relevance

Teeth with apical periodontitis treated with PDT adjunct to conventional treatment would demonstrate superior healing and reduction of microorganisms.

http://ift.tt/2yCUayK

Scholar : Traffic Injury Prevention, Volume 19, Issue 1, January 2, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Traffic Injury Prevention, Volume 19, Issue 1, January 2, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Original Articles Evaluation of countermeasures for red light running by traffic simulator–based surrogate safety measures Changju Lee, Jaehyun (Jason) So & Jiaqi Ma Pages: 1-8 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1328551 The sex disparity in risky driving: A survey of Colombian young drivers Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios & Bridie Scott-Parker Pages: 9-17 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1333606 Differences in the kinematics of booster-seated pediatric occupants using two different car seats O. Juste-Lorente, M. Maza, A. I. Lorente & F. J. Lopez-Valdes Pages: 18-22 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1334119 On the selection of stimulus for the auditory variant of the detection response task method for driving experiments Kristina Stojmenova, Franco Policardi & Jaka Sodnik Pages: 23-27 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1339870 Driver and front passenger injury in frontal crashes: Update on the effect of unbelted rear occupants Chantal S. Parenteau & David C. Viano Pages: 28-34 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1344355 Wrong-way driving crashes: A multiple correspondence approach to identify contributing factors Mohammad Jalayer, Mahdi Pour-Rouholamin & Huaguo Zhou Pages: 35-41 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1347260 Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to child safety restraint in citizens of Shenzhen Municipality, China, and the associations between these factors Shengyuan Liu, Haibin Zhou, Jianping Ma, Changyi Wang, Zhongwei Chen, Sihan Chen, Yingzhou Yang, Xiaoli Liu, Ji Peng, Leilei Duan & Xiao Deng Pages: 42-48 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1329534 Factors associated with prehospital death among traffic accident patients in Osaka City, Japan: A population-based study Yusuke Katayama , Tetsuhisa Kitamura , Kosuke Kiyohara , Taku Iwami , Takashi Kawamura , Sumito Hayashida , Hiroshi Ogura & Takeshi Shimazu Pages: 49-53 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1347645 Occupant responses in conventional and ABTS seats in high-speed rear sled tests David C. Viano, Chantal S. Parenteau, Roger Burnett & Priya Prasad Pages: 54-59 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1347782 Features of fatal injuries in older cyclists in vehicle–bicycle accidents in Japan Yasuhiro Matsui, Shoko Oikawa & Masahito Hitosugi Pages: 60-65 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1336663 Impact of helmet use on traumatic brain injury from road traffic accidents in Cambodia Saksham Gupta , Katherine Klaric, Nang Sam, Vuthy Din, Tina Juschkewitz, Vycheth Iv, Mark G. Shrime & Kee B. Park Pages: 66-70 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1342821 Emergency department visits by pediatric patients sustained as a passenger on a motorcycle Allison Tadros, Stephanie Owen, Shelley M. Hoffman, Stephen M. Davis & Melinda J. Sharon Pages: 71-74 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1341629 Changes in motorcycle-related injuries and deaths after mandatory motorcycle helmet law in a district of Vietnam Ninh Thi Ha, David Ederer, Van Anh Ha Vo, An Van Pham, Anthony Mounts, Leisha D. Nolen & David Sugerman Pages: 75-80 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1322203 Influence of pedestrian age and gender on spatial and temporal distribution of pedestrian crashes Alireza Toran Pour, Sara Moridpour, Richard Tay & Abbas Rajabifard Pages: 81-87 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1341630 Considering built environment and spatial correlation in modeling pedestrian injury severity Carlo G. Prato, Sigal Kaplan, Alexandre Patrier & Thomas K. Rasmussen Pages: 88-93 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1329535 Pedestrian fatality and impact speed squared: Cloglog modeling from French national data Jean-Louis Martin & Dan Wu Pages: 94-101 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1332408 Modeling crash injury severity by road feature to improve safety Praveena Penmetsa & Srinivas S. Pulugurtha Pages: 102-109 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1335396 Free access to articles in this Editor's Choice collection from the Journal of Control and Decision. Don't miss it! To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Prognostic value of metabolic indices and bone marrow uptake pattern on preoperative 18F–FDG PET/CT in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic parameters and bone marrow uptake (BMU) patterns on pretherapeutic 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F–FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma (NB).

Patients and methods

Forty-seven pediatric patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma who underwent 18F–FDG PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological factors and metabolic parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and bone marrow uptake patterns on PET/CT were compared to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

During the follow-up period, 27 (57.4%) patients experienced recurrence. MTV (P = 0.001), TLG (P = 0.004) and BMU patterns (P = 0.025) remained significant predictive factors for tumor recurrence, along with tumor size, histology, stage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and other distant metastasis (except bone metastasis). Univariate analysis showed that histology, stage, tumor size (>37.25 cm), other distant metastasis, MTV (>88.10cm³) and TLG (>1045.2 g) and BMU patterns correlated with both RFS and OS (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, TLG remained the only independent prognostic factor for RFS (P = 0.016) and OS (P = 0.012), and BMU patterns and MTV were statistically significant for OS (P = 0.024 and P = 0.038, respectively).

Conclusion

Pretherapeutic 18F-FDG PET/CT can provide reliable prognostic information for neuroblastoma pediatric patients, and patients with high MTV, TLG and focal bone marrow (unifocal and multifocal) uptake on PET/CT may have inferior outcomes during subsequent treatment.

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Metabolic benefits of 1-(3-(4-( o -tolyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)pyrrolidin-2-one: a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist

Abstract

Purpose

Previous studies have shown that several components of the metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension, obesity or imbalanced lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, are associated with the sympathetic nervous system overactivity. Therefore, the inhibition of the adrenergic nervous system seems to be a reasonable and appropriate therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic disturbances. It has been suggested that non-selective adrenoceptor antagonists could be particularly beneficial, since α₁-adrenoceptor antagonists can improve disrupted lipid and carbohydrate profiles, while the inhibition of the α₂-adrenoceptor may contribute to body weight reduction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic benefits deriving from administration of a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist from the group of pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential metabolic benefits deriving from chronic administration of a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, from the group of pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives.

Methods

The α₁- and α₂-adrenoreceptor affinities of the tested compound—1-(3-(4-(o-tolyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)pyrrolidin-2-one had been investigated previously by means of the radioligand binding assay. In the present study, we extended the pharmacological profile characteristics of the selected molecule by additional intrinistic activity assays. Next, we investigated the influence of the tested compound on body weight, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, blood pressure in the animal model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet, and additionally we measured the spontaneous activity and body temperature.

Results

The intrinistic activity studies revealed that the tested compound is a potent, non-selective antagonist of α_1B and α_2A-adrenoceptors. After the chronic administration of the tested compound, we observed reduced level of triglycerides and glucose in the rat plasma. Interestingly, the tested did not reduce the body weight and did not influence the blood pressure in normotensive animals. Additionally, the administration of the tested compound did not change the animals' spontaneous activity and body temperature.

Conclusion

Non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist seems to carry potential benefits in the improvement of the reduction of elevated glucose and triglyceride level. The lack of influence on blood pressure suggests that compounds with such a pharmacological profile may be particulary beneficial for the patients with disturbed lipid and carbohydrate profile, who do not suffer from hypertension. These results are particulary valuable, since currently there are no safe α_2A-adrenoceptor antagonist drugs available in clinical use with the ability to modulate hyperglycemia that would not affect blood pressure.

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Kinematics of the anthropoid os centrale and the functional consequences of scaphoid-centrale fusion in African apes and hominins

Publication date: January 2018
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 114
Author(s): Caley M. Orr
In most primates, the os centrale is interposed between the scaphoid, trapezoid, trapezium, and head of the capitate, thus constituting a component of the wrist's midcarpal complex. Scaphoid-centrale fusion is among the clearest morphological synapomorphies of African apes and hominins. Although it might facilitate knuckle-walking by increasing the rigidity and stability of the radial side of the wrist, the exact functional significance of scaphoid-centrale fusion is unclear. If fusion acts to produce a more rigid radial wrist that stabilizes the hand and limits shearing stresses, then in taxa with a free centrale, it should anchor ligaments that check extension and radial deviation, but exhibit motion independent of the scaphoid. Moreover, because the centrale sits between the scaphoid and capitate (a major stabilizing articulation), scaphoid-centrale mobility should correlate with scaphocapitate mobility in extension and radial deviation. To test these hypotheses, the centrale's ligamentous binding was investigated via dissection in Pongo and Papio, and the kinematics of the centrale were quantified in a cadaveric sample of anthropoids (Pongo sp., Ateles geoffroyi, Colobus guereza, Macaca mulatta, and Papio anubis) using a computed-tomography-based method to track wrist-bone motion. Results indicate that the centrale rotates freely relative to the scaphoid in all taxa. However, centrale mobility is only correlated with scaphocapitate mobility during extension in Pongo—possibly due to differences in overall wrist configuration between apes and monkeys. If an extant ape-like wrist characterized early ancestors of African apes and hominins, then scaphoid-centrale fusion would have increased midcarpal rigidity in extension relative to the primitive condition. Although biomechanically consistent with a knuckle-walking hominin ancestor, this assumes that the trait evolved specifically for that biological role, which must be squared with contradictory interpretations of extant and fossil hominoid morphology. Regardless of its original adaptive significance, scaphoid-centrale fusion likely presented a constraint on early hominin midcarpal mobility.



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Feasibility and Acceptability of Dietary Intake Assessment Via 24-Hour Recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire among Women with Low Socioeconomic Status

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Author(s): Michele A. DeBiasse, Deborah J. Bowen, Paula A. Quatromoni, Emily Quinn, Lisa M. Quintiliani
BackgroundComprehensive evaluation of dietary interventions depends on effective and efficient measurement to quantify behavior change. To date, little is known regarding which self-reported measure of dietary intake is most feasible and acceptable for use in evaluation of the effectiveness of diet intervention studies among underserved populations.ObjectiveThis research focused on evaluating feasibility and acceptability of two self-report measures of diet.DesignCross-sectional.Participants/settingTwo interviewer-administered 24-hour recalls and a 110-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were administered to both English- and Spanish-speaking participants (n=36) by native English- and Spanish-speaking research assistants. On completion of both dietary assessments, participants were interviewed regarding their preference of measure.Main outcome measuresFeasibility for completion of the dietary assessment measures was determined for contacts and retention. Acceptability of the measures was determined through responses to open- and closed-ended questions.ResultsDuring the 5-month trial, 36 participants were enrolled; 29 completed both intake measures, and 26 completed both measures and the interview. Participants were mainly Hispanic/Latina (72%), with a mean age of 37.0 (±7.6) years. Feasibility targets were met for contacts (1.9, 1.6, 1.8 contact attempts to complete each diet assessment measure with a target of ≤2) and for retention with 89% and 91% completing two 24-hour recalls and the FFQ, respectively. Participants indicated both diet assessment methods were generally acceptable; both positive and negative comments were received for use of the FFQ.ConclusionDietary assessment with the use of 24-hour recalls or an FFQ can be feasible and acceptable among women with low socioeconomic status, although care should be taken to address cultural appropriateness in the selection of the measurement method.



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Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Centers

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Author(s): David A. Wiss, Maria Schellenberger, Michael L. Prelip




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Comparative proteomics and codon substitution analysis reveal mechanisms of differential resistance to hypoxia in congeneric snails

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Journal of Proteomics
Author(s): Huawei Mu, Jin Sun, Siu Gin Cheung, Ling Fang, Haiyun Zhou, Tiangang Luan, Huoming Zhang, Chris K.C. Wong, Jian-Wen Qiu
Although high-throughput proteomics has been widely applied to study mechanisms of environmental adaptation, the conclusions from studies that are based on one species can be confounded by phylogeny. We compare the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata (a notorious invasive species) and its congener Pomacea diffusa (a non-invasive species) to understand the molecular mechanisms of their differential resistance to hypoxia. A 72-h acute exposure experiment showed that P. canaliculata is more tolerant to hypoxia than P. diffusa. The two species were then exposed to three levels of dissolved oxygen (6.7, 2.0 and 1.0mgL⁻¹) for 8h, and their gill proteins were analyzed using iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS. The two species showed striking differences in protein expression profiles, with the more hypoxia tolerant P. canaliculata having more up-regulated proteins in signal transduction and down-regulated proteins in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Evolutionary analysis revealed five orthologous genes encoding differentially expressed proteins having clear signal of positive selection, indicating selection has acted on some of the hypoxia responsive genes. Our case study has highlighted the potential of integrated proteomics and comparative evolutionary analysis for understanding the genetic basis of adaptation to global environmental change in non-model species.SignificanceRapid globalization in recent decades has greatly facilitated species introduction around the world. Successfully established introduced species, so-called invasive species, have threatened the invaded ecosystems. There has been substantial interest in studying how invasive species respond to extreme environmental conditions because the results can help not only predict their range of expansion and manage their impact, but also may reveal the adaptive mechanisms underlying their invasiveness. Our study has adopted a comparative approach to study the differential physiological and proteomic responses of two congeneric snails to various hypoxic conditions, as well as codon substitution analysis at transcriptomic level to detect signals of positive selection in hypoxia-responsive genes. The integrated physiological, proteomic and transcriptomic approach can be applied in other non-model species to understand the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to global environmental change.

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