Effect of water constituents on the degradation of sulfaclozine in the three systems: UV/TiO 2 , UV/K 2 S 2 O 8 , and UV/TiO 2 /K 2 S 2 O 8

Abstract

Bicarbonate, phosphate, chloride ions, and humic substances are among the constituents most widely present in natural waters. These non-target constituents can greatly affect the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes used for water decontamination due to their capacity to interfere with the adsorption of the target compounds on the surface of TiO₂, absorb photons, scavenge hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and generate photochemical reactive intermediates. In this work, the effect of these constituents on the degradation of sulfaclozine (SCL) was monitored in three different AOPs systems: UV/TiO₂, UV/K₂S₂O₈, and UV/TiO₂/K₂S₂O₈. It was shown that bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and phosphate (HPO₄²⁻) ions enhanced the degradation of SCL in UV/TiO₂ and UV/TiO₂/K₂S₂O₈ systems whereas the addition of humic substances influenced these rates with a much smaller extent. On the other hand, the degradation rate of SCL in the UV/K₂S₂O₈ system was not affected by the presence of HCO₃⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ but was inhibited in the presence of humic substances. In addition, the different mechanisms that can take place in the presence of these constituents were discussed and the degradation rate enhancement in presence of HCO₃⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ was attributed to the formation of new reactive species such as carbonate (CO₃^·–) and hydroxyl (·OH) radicals activated by TiO₂ holes (h⁺). In the presence of chloride (Cl⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) ions, an enhancement of SCL adsorption on the surface of TiO₂ was observed. Finally, a comparative study of the degradation of SCL in river water and ultrapure water was reported.

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MicroRNAs and their role for T stage determination and lymph node metastasis in early colon carcinoma

Abstract

Worldwide, colon cancer is among the most common cancer entities. Understanding the molecular background is the key to enable accurate stage determination, which is crucial to assess optimal therapy options. The search for preoperative biomarkers is ongoing. In recent years, several studies have proposed a diagnostic and prognostic role for miRNAs in cancer. Aim of this study was to evaluate miRNA expression patterns correlating with tumor stage, especially lymph node metastasis, in primary colon carcinoma tissue. Screening was accomplished using GeneChip^® miRNA v3.0 arrays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and validated via TaqMan^® qPCR assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) to investigate miRNA expressions in 168 FFPE and 83 fresh frozen colon carcinoma samples. Regarding lymph node status, analyses displayed no significantly differential miRNA expression. Interestingly, divergent expression of miR-18a-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-152-3p and miR-1973 was detected in stage pT1. Although miRNAs might not represent reliable biomarkers regarding lymph node metastasis status, they could support risk assessment in stage T1 tumors.

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Editorial board members

Publication date: 1 September 2017
Source:Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Volume 118





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Dopamine-modified Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots fluorescence probe for the sensitive detection of tyrosinase in serum samples and living cells imaging

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 256
Author(s): Fangmei Zhang, Longbin Xu, Qingnan Zhao, Ying Sun, Xinghua Wang, Pinyi Ma, Daqian Song
Tyrosinase (TYR) plays vital roles in melanin biosynthesis and function as an important biomarker for melanoma cancer; and thus has made rapid and sensitive detections for its activity to be on urgent demands. In this study, a facile aqueous fluorescence probe based on dopamine-functionalized-Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (Dopa-Mn:ZnS QDs) was developed to detect TYR activity. When dopamine moiety in Dopa-Mn:ZnS QDs was oxidized to dopaquinone derivative by TYR, an intra-particle photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process between Dopa-Mn:ZnS QDs and dopaquinone moiety takes place, and as a result, the fluorescence is quenched. Quantitative evaluation of TYR activity was studied in terms of the relationship between fluorescence quenching efficiency and TYR activity. The probe could detect TYR in a broad linear range of up to 1620UL⁻¹ with a low detection limit of 1.82UL⁻¹. It was then applied to detect TYR in chicken serum samples, in which, TYR could be recovered by 88.3–100.7%. Finally, the probe demonstrated low cytotoxicity as evaluated by MTT assay and successfully applied to intracellular imaging of A549 cells. This study has indicated potential applications of Dopa-Mn:ZnS QDs probe in monitoring TYR-associated diseases, clinical diagnostics, and drug discovery.

Graphical abstract

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Mutual effect of Phragmites australis, Arundo donax and immobilization agents on arsenic and trace metals phytostabilization in polluted soils

Publication date: 15 March 2018
Source:Geoderma, Volume 314
Author(s): Paola Castaldi, Margherita Silvetti, Rebeca Manzano, Giuseppe Brundu, Pier Paolo Roggero, Giovanni Garau
This study assessed the suitability of Phragmites australis and Arundo donax for the aided phytostabilization of metal(loid)s in polluted soils treated with an iron-rich water treatment residue (Fe-WTR), a municipal solid waste compost (MSW-C) and their combination (Fe-WTR+MSW-C). The three soils under study (S1, S2, S3) showed very high total concentrations of As (from 371 to 22,661mg·kg⁻¹ d.w.) and variable amounts of co-occurring trace metals (TMs) (i.e. Pb, 74–2162; Zn, 57-1535 and Cu, 19–412mg·kg⁻¹ d.w.). Results showed that P. australis and A. donax biomass was significantly increased in all the amended soils and followed the order: MSW-C>Fe-WTR+MSW-C>Fe-WTR>Control. For both plant species grown in the amended soils, metal(loid)s concentration in below ground organs were higher than those in above ground tissues. In S1 soil (the most polluted and acidic; pH3.77), the highest As bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were recorded for plants grown on untreated soil (approx. 45% higher with respect to those recorded for plants in treated soils), where the concentration of labile As was significantly higher with respect to amended soils. By contrast, in S2 and S3 soils, the most effective As bioaccumulator plants were grown on soils treated with compost, even if the addition of this amendment induced a decrease of the soil As extractability. Similar results were detected for TMs in S1 soil, where P. australis and A. donax grown on soil amended with compost showed the highest Pb, Zn and Cu BAFs, while variable results were detected in S2 soil. The lowest As translocation factors (TFs ≪1.0) were detected for plants grown on compost-amended soils (25 and 51, 34 and 50, 64 and 55% lower with respect to P. australis and A. donax control plants in S1, S2 and S3 soils respectively), while TMs translocation from roots to shoots was more variable and depending on soil, TMs, amendment and plant species.Overall, our results indicate the suitability of P. australis and A. donax, and of Fe-WTR and MSW-C, for the aided phytostabilization of soils contaminated with arsenic and trace metals.



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Sensitive detection of pyrraline with a molecularly imprinted sensor based on metal-organic frameworks and quantum dots

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 256
Author(s): Huilin Liu, Tianhong Ni, Lin Mu, Dianwei Zhang, Jing Wang, Shuo Wang, Baoguo Sun
A novel opto-sensor was constructed by anchoring the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) onto the surfaces of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) via one-step reverse micro-emulsion polymerization. It was used for highly selective and sensitive detection of pyrraline (PRL) in milk powders. High selectivity was guaranteed by molecular imprinting, and sensitivity was improved by double signal amplification using the CdSe/ZnS QDs nanocrystals as fluorescent elements and MOFs as an imprinting matrix. The QDs were introduced into the molecularly imprinted sensor as a tentacle to sense bonding interactions between the MIPs and target molecules and to transduce them into fluorescent signals. The opto-sensor had a high fluorescence quantum yield because of the use of hydrophobic CdSe/ZnS QDs and the reverse micro-emulsion. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the opto-sensor was linear with increasing PRL concentration over the range 5×10⁻⁶–1×10⁻³molL⁻¹, with a detection limit of 3.9×10⁻⁶molL⁻¹. Recoveries of 90–110% were achieved in direct selective detection of PRL in milk powders.



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Use of a Non-ICU Specialty Ward For Immediate Post-operative Management of Head and Neck Free Flap

Conditions:   Head and Neck Cancer;   Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma;   Head and Neck Carcinoma;   Trauma
Intervention:   Other: Non-ICU Specialty ward
Sponsor:   Arnaud Bewley
Recruiting

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Multiorgan Metabolic Imaging Response Assessment of Abemaciclib

Conditions:   Esophageal Adenocarcinoma;   Esophagus SCC;   Cholangiocarcinoma;   Urothelial/Bladder Cancer, Nos;   Endometrial Cancer
Intervention:   Drug: Abemaciclib
Sponsors:   Jules Bordet Institute;   Eli Lilly and Company
Not yet recruiting

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Rhumatisme psoriasique en France, du nourrisson à la personne âgée : données de deux études transversales multicentriques

Publication date: Available online 13 November 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): A. Galezowski, F. Maccari, S. Hadj-Rabia, M.-L. Sigal, A. Phan, M. Lahfa, A.-C. Bursztejn, H. Barthélémy, F. Boralévi, Z. Reguiai, C. Chiavérini, E. Estève, E. Bourrat, M. Ruer-Mulard, A. Beauchet, E. Mahé
IntroductionLe rhumatisme psoriasique touche 20 à 30 % des patients atteints de psoriasis cutané. Peu de données épidémiologiques sont disponibles en France sur sa prévalence, ses associations avec l'atteinte dermatologique et ses comorbidités.ObjectifsÉvaluer les aspects épidémiologiques et associations cliniques et épidémiologiques du rhumatisme psoriasique chez les enfants et les adultes, en France.MéthodesDeux études transversales, multicentriques ont été menées en France chez les enfants (χ-Psocar, 23 centres de dermatologie pédiatrique membres du GR SFDP, 1 an) et les adultes (Resopsocar, 29 centres de dermatologie membres du GEM RESOPSO, 4 mois) pour étudier les comorbidités cardiovasculaires et métaboliques du psoriasis.RésultatsParmi les 313 enfants (garçons : 47,6 % ; âge moyen, 9,4 ans) et 1954 adultes (hommes : 56,0 % ; âge moyen : 48,5 ans) atteints de psoriasis, 4,2 % des enfants et 21,0 % des adultes souffraient de rhumatisme psoriasique. La prévalence augmentait avec l'âge : 2,2 % des enfants, 14,2 % des adolescents et plus de 20 % après 40 ans. Elle diminuait après 70 ans (19,4 %). Quel que soit l'âge, le sexe n'était pas associé au rhumatisme psoriasique. Chez les enfants, le rhumatisme était associé à l'atteinte unguéale (p=0,04) et à la sévérité de la maladie (p=0,0004). Chez les adultes il était associé au psoriasis en plaques (p=0,002), à la sévérité de la maladie (p<0,0001) et à l'obésité (p<0,0001). Le psoriasis en plaques localisé (cuir chevelu, psoriasis palmo-plantaire par exemple) était moins souvent associé au rhumatisme psoriasique (p<0,05).ConclusionsCes deux études transversales menées en France sur 2267 patients, principalement hospitaliers, donnent une idée de la prévalence du rhumatisme psoriasique tout au long de la vie. La prévalence augmente progressivement avec l'âge, sans différence de genre, avant de diminuer chez les personnes âgées. Nous confirmons l'association avec l'onychopathie psoriasique dès l'enfance et avec l'obésité chez les adultes.BackgroundPsoriatic arthritis affects 20–30% of patients with psoriasis. Few epidemiological data are available in France about its prevalence and its association with skin lesions and comorbidities.ObjectivesTo assess the epidemiological aspects and the risk factors for psoriatic arthritis in children and adults in France.MethodsTwo cross-sectional studies were conducted in France in children (χ-Psocar, 23 pediatric dermatology centers belonging to the SFDP, 1 year) and adults (Resopsocar, 29 dermatology centers belonging to GEM RESOPSO, 4 months) to study the link between psoriasis and cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities.ResultsThree hundred and thirteen children (males: 47.6%; mean age: 9.4 yrs) and 1,954 adults (males: 56.0%; mean age: 48.5 yrs) with psoriasis were included, with 4.2% of the children and 21.0% of the adults presenting psoriatic arthritis. Prevalence increased with age: 2.2% of children, 14.2% of adolescents, and over 20% after 40 years. It decreased after the age of 70 years (19.4%). Regardless of age, arthritis was not associated with gender. In the children's group, rheumatism was associated with nail involvement (P=0.04) and disease severity (P=0.0004). Adult rheumatism was associated with generalized plaque psoriasis (P=0.002), disease severity (P<0.0001), and obesity (P<0.0001). Localized plaque psoriasis was less often associated with arthritis (P<0.05).ConclusionsThese two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2267 patients in France yielded information on the prevalence of joint involvement from infants to elderly subjects. It is the first study conducted in a single population to provide data for the whole population. Prevalence gradually increases with age, without gender difference, before decreasing in old age. We confirm the association of nail involvement in the first years of life, and of obesity in adults.



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Ecotracer: analyzing concentration of contaminants and radioisotopes in an aquatic spatial-dynamic food web model

Publication date: January 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 181
Author(s): William J. Walters, Villy Christensen
Ecotracer is a tool in the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software package used to simulate and analyze the transport of contaminants such as methylmercury or radiocesium through aquatic food webs. Ecotracer solves the contaminant dynamic equations simultaneously with the biomass dynamic equations in Ecosim/Ecospace. In this paper, we give a detailed description of the Ecotracer module and analyze the performance on two problems of differing complexity. Ecotracer was modified from previous versions to more accurately model contaminant excretion, and new numerical integration algorithms were implemented to increase accuracy and robustness. To test the mathematical robustness of the computational algorithm, Ecotracer was tested on a simple problem for which we know an analytical solution. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the program numerics. A much more complex model, the release of the cesium radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident, was also modeled and analyzed. A comparison of the Ecotracer results to sampled ¹³⁷Cs measurements in the coastal ocean area around Fukushima show the promise of the tool but also highlight some important limitations.



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Next-generation Sequencing-based genomic profiling: Fostering innovation in cancer care?

OBJECTIVES: With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, DNA sequencing has been increasingly utilized in clinical practice. Our goal was to investigate the impact of genomic evaluation on treatment decisions for heavily pretreated patients with metastatic cancer. METHODS: We analyzed metastatic cancer patients from a single institution whose cancers had progressed after all available standard-of-care therapies and whose tumors underwent next-generation sequencing analysis. We determined the percentage of patients who received any therapy directed by the test, and its efficacy. RESULTS: From July 2013 to December 2015, 185 consecutive patients were tested using a commercially available next-generation sequencing-based test, and 157 patients were eligible. Sixty-six patients (42.0%) were female, and 91 (58.0%) were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.2 years, and the mean number of pre-test lines of systemic treatment was 2.7. One hundred and seventy-seven patients (95.6%) had at least one identified gene alteration. Twenty-four patients (15.2%) underwent systemic treatment directed by the test result. Of these, one patient had a complete response, four (16.7%) had partial responses, two (8.3%) had stable disease, and 17 (70.8%) had disease progression as the best result. The median progression-free survival time with matched therapy was 1.6 months, and the median overall survival was 10 months. CONCLUSION: We identified a high prevalence of gene alterations using an next-generation sequencing test. Although some benefit was associated with the matched therapy, most of the patients had disease progression as the best response, indicating the limited biological potential and unclear clinical relevance of this practice.

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Longitudinal study of lung function in pregnant women: Influence of parity and smoking

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pulmonary function in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and analyze the influence of parity and smoking on spirometry parameters. METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study included a cohort of 120 pregnant women. The inclusion criteria were as follows: singleton pregnancy, gestational age less than 13.86 weeks, and no preexisting maternal diseases. The exclusion criteria were as follows: change of address, abortion, and inadequate spirometry testing. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02807038. RESULTS: A decrease in values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume were noted in the first second from the first to third trimester. In the first and third trimesters, multiparous women demonstrated lower absolute forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume values in the first second compared with nulliparous women (p<0.0001 and p=0.001, respectively). Multiparous women demonstrated reduced forced expiratory flow in 25% to 75% of the maneuver compared with nulliparous women in the first (p=0.005) and third (p=0.031) trimesters. The absolute values of forced expiratory flow in 25% to 75%, forced expiratory volume in the first second and predicted peak expiratory flow values in the third trimester were higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers (p=0.042, p=0.039, p=0.024, and p=0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume values in the first second during pregnancy. Parity and smoking significantly influence spirometric variables.

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Identification of the difference in the pathogenesis in heart failure arising from different etiologies using a microarray dataset

OBJECTIVES: Clinically, patients with chronic heart failure arising from different etiologies receive the same treatment. However, the prognoses of these patients differ. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the pathogenesis of heart failure arising from different etiologies differs. METHODS: Heart failure-related dataset GSE1145 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes were identified using R. A protein-protein interaction network of the differentially expressed genes was constructed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. The modules in each network were analyzed by Molecular Complex Detection of Cytoscape. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to obtain the functions of the modules. RESULTS: Samples contained in GSE1145 were myocardial tissues from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, familial cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and post-partum cardiomyopathy. The differentially expressed genes, modules, and functions of the modules associated with different etiologies varied. Abnormal formation of extracellular matrix was overlapping among five etiologies. The change in cytoskeleton organization was specifically detected in dilated cardiomyopathy. The activation of the Wnt receptor signaling pathway was limited to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The change in nucleosome and chromatin assembly was associated with only familial cardiomyopathy. Germ cell migration and disrupted cellular calcium ion homeostasis were solely detected in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The change in the metabolic process of glucose and triglyceride was detected in only post-partum cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the pathogenesis of heart failure arising from different etiologies varies, which may provide molecular evidence supporting etiology-based treatment for heart failure patients.

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Comparison of short-segment monoaxial and polyaxial pedicle screw fixation combined with intermediate screws in traumatic thoracolumbar fractures: a finite element study and clinical radiographic review

OBJECTIVES: No studies have compared monoaxial and polyaxial pedicle screws with regard to the von Mises stress of the instrumentation, intradiscal pressures of the adjacent segment and adjacent segment degeneration. METHODS: Short-segment monoaxial/polyaxial pedicle screw fixation techniques were compared using finite element methods, and the redistributed T11-L1 segment range of motion, largest maximal von Mises stress of the instrumentation, and intradiscal pressures of the adjacent segment under displacement loading were evaluated. Radiographic results of 230 patients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures treated with these fixations were reviewed, and the sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle, anterior vertebral body height of the fractured vertebrae and adjacent segment degeneration were calculated and evaluated. RESULTS: The largest maximal values of the von Mises stress were 376.8 MPa for the pedicle screws in the short-segment monoaxial pedicle screw fixation model and 439.9 MPa for the rods in the intermediate monoaxial pedicle screw fixation model. The maximal intradiscal pressures of the upper adjacent segments were all greater than those of the lower adjacent segments. The maximal intradiscal pressures of the monoaxial pedicle screw fixation model were larger than those in the corresponding segments of the normal model. The radiographic results at the final follow-up evaluation showed that the mean loss of correction of the sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle and anterior vertebral body height were smallest in the intermediate monoaxial pedicle screw fixation group. Adjacent segment degeneration was less likely to be observed in the intermediate polyaxial pedicle screw fixation group but more likely to be observed in the intermediate monoaxial pedicle screw fixation group. CONCLUSION: Smaller von Mises stress in the pedicle screws and lower intradiscal pressure in the adjacent segment were observed in the polyaxial screw model than in the monoaxial pedicle screw fixation spine models. Fracture-level fixation could significantly correct kyphosis and reduce correction loss, and adjacent segment degeneration was less likely to be observed in the intermediate polyaxial pedicle screw fixation group.

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Effect of prophylactic non-invasive mechanical ventilation on functional capacity after heart valve replacement: a clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: During cardiac surgery, several factors contribute to the development of postoperative pulmonary complications. Non-invasive ventilation is a promising therapeutic tool for improving the functionality of this type of patient. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional capacity and length of stay of patients in a nosocomial intensive care unit who underwent prophylactic non-invasive ventilation after heart valve replacement. METHOD: The study was a controlled clinical trial, comprising 50 individuals of both sexes who were allocated by randomization into two groups with 25 patients in each group: the control group and experimental group. After surgery, the patients were transferred to the intensive care unit and then participated in standard physical therapy, which was provided to the experimental group after 3 applications of non-invasive ventilation within the first 26 hours after extubation. For non-invasive ventilation, the positive pressure was 10 cm H2O, with a duration of 1 hour. The evaluation was performed on the 7th postoperative day/discharge and included a 6-minute walk test. The intensive care unit and hospitalization times were monitored in both groups. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBeC): RBR number 8bxdd3. RESULTS: Analysis of the 6-minute walk test showed that the control group walked an average distance of 264.34±76 meters and the experimental group walked an average distance of 334.07±71 meters (p=0.002). The intensive care unit and hospitalization times did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive ventilation as a therapeutic resource was effective toward improving functionality; however, non-invasive ventilation did not influence the intensive care unit or hospitalization times of the studied cardiac patients.

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Local and systemic effects of fibrin and cyanoacrylate adhesives on lung lesions in rabbits

OBJECTIVES: Tissue adhesives can be used to prevent pulmonary air leaks, which frequently occur after lung interventions. The objective of this study is to evaluate local and systemic effects of fibrin and cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives on lung lesions in rabbits. METHODS: Eighteen rabbits were submitted to videothoracoscopy + lung incision alone (control) or videothoracoscopy + lung incision + local application of fibrin or cyanoacrylate adhesive. Blood samples were collected and assessed for leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and interleukin-8 levels preoperatively and at 48 hours and 28 days post-operatively. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized for gross examination of the lung surface, and lung fragments were excised for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Fibrin and cyanoacrylate produced similar adhesion scores of the lung to the parietal pleura. Microscopic analysis revealed uniform low-cellular tissue infiltration in the fibrin group and an intense tissue reaction characterized by dense inflammatory infiltration of granulocytes, giant cells and necrosis in the cyanoacrylate group. No changes were detected in the leukocyte, neutrophil or lymphocyte count at any time-point, while the interleukin-8 levels were increased in the fibrin and cyanoacrylate groups after 48 hours compared with the pre-operative control levels (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Both adhesive agents promoted normal tissue healing, with a more pronounced local inflammatory reaction observed for cyanoacrylate. Among the serum markers of inflammation, only the interleukin-8 levels changed post-operatively, increasing after 48 hours and decreasing after 28 days to levels similar to those of the control group in both the fibrin and cyanoacrylate groups.

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Impact assessment of an automated drug-dispensing system in a tertiary hospital

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the costs and patient safety of a pilot implementation of an automated dispensing cabinet in a critical care unit of a private tertiary hospital in São Paulo/Brazil. METHODS: This study considered pre- (January-August 2013) and post- (October 2013-October 2014) intervention periods. We considered the time and cost of personnel, number of adverse events, audit adjustments to patient bills, and urgent requests and returns of medications to the central pharmacy. Costs were evaluated based on a 5-year analytical horizon and are reported in Brazilian Reals (R$) and US dollars (USD). RESULTS: The observed decrease in the mean number of events reported with regard to the automated drug-dispensing system between pre- and post-implementation periods was not significant. Importantly, the numbers are small, which limits the power of the mean comparative analysis between the two periods. A reduction in work time was observed among the nurses and administrative assistants, whereas pharmacist assistants showed an increased work load that resulted in an overall 6.5 hours of work saved/day and a reduction of R$ 33,598 (USD 14,444) during the first year. The initial investment (R$ 206,065; USD 88,592) would have been paid off in 5 years considering only personnel savings. Other findings included significant reductions of audit adjustments to patient hospital bills and urgent requests and returns of medications to the central pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of the positive impact of this technology on personnel time and costs and on other outcomes of interest is important for decision making by health managers.

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Review of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of uterine fibroids

Uterine leiomyoma is the most frequently occurring solid pelvic tumor in women during the reproductive period. Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound is a promising technique for decreasing menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea in symptomatic women. The aim of this study is to review the role of Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of uterine fibroids in symptomatic patients. We performed a review of the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases up to April 2016. The analysis and data collection were performed using the following keywords: Leiomyoma, High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation, Ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Menorrhagia. Two reviewers independently performed a quality assessment; when there was a disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. Nineteen studies of Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound-treated fibroid patients were selected. The data indicated that tumor size was reduced and that symptoms were improved after treatment. There were few adverse effects, and they were not severe. Some studies have reported that in some cases, additional sessions of Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound or other interventions, such as myomectomy, uterine artery embolization or even hysterectomy, were necessary. This review suggests that Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound is a safe and effective technique. However, additional evidence from future studies will be required before the technique can be recommended as an alternative treatment for fibroids.

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Plasmid-mediated mcr-1 in carbapenem-susceptible Escherichia coli ST156 causing a blood infection: an unnoticeable spread of colistin resistance in Brazil?

OBJECTIVE: We describe an IncX4 pHC891/16mcr plasmid carrying mcr-1 in a colistin-resistant and carbapenem-susceptible E. coli isolate (HC891/16), ST156, which caused a blood infection in a Brazilian patient with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Strain HC891/16 was subjected to whole genome sequencing using the MiSeq Platform (Illumina, Inc., USA). Assembly was performed using Mira and ABACAS. RESULTS: The isolates showed resistance only to ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and cefoxitin, and whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of aac(6')Ib-cr and blaTEM1. CONCLUSION: Our findings warn of the possible silent dissemination of colistin resistance by carbapenem-susceptible mcr-1 producers, as colistin susceptibility is commonly tested only among carbapenem-resistant isolates.

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Reduction of venous pressure during the resection of liver metastases compromises enteric blood flow: IGFBP-1 as a novel biomarker of intestinal barrier injury

OBJECTIVES: Disruption of the intestinal barrier and bacterial translocation commonly occur when intestinal blood flow is compromised. The aim of this study was to determine whether liver resection induces intestinal damage. METHODS: We investigated intestinal fatty-acid binding protein and insulin-like growth factor binding protein levels in the plasma of patients who underwent liver resection. RESULTS: We show that liver resection is associated with significant intestinal barrier injury, even if the Pringle maneuver is not performed. CONCLUSION: We propose the use of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 as a novel biomarker of intestinal damage in such situations.

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Molecular photoprotection of human keratinocytes in vitro by the naturally occurring mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) palythine

Summary

Background

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces molecular and genetic changes in the skin, which result in skin cancer, photoageing and photosensitivity disorders. The use of sunscreens is advocated to prevent such photodamage, however most formulations contain synthetic UVR filters that are non-biodegradable and can damage fragile marine ecosystems. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) are natural UVR-absorbing compounds that have evolved in marine species for protection against chronic UVR exposure in shallow-water habitats.

Objectives

To determine if palythine, a photostable model MAA, could offer protection against a range of UVR-induced damage biomarkers that are important in skin cancer and photoageing.

Methods

HaCaT human keratinocytes were used to assess the photoprotective potential of palythine using a number of endpoints including cell viability, DNA damage (non-specific, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and oxidatively generated damage), gene expression changes (linked to inflammation, photoageing and oxidative stress) and oxidative stress. The anti-oxidant mechanism was investigated using chemical quenching and Nrf2 pathway activation assays.

Results

Palythine offered statistically significant protection (p<0.005) against all endpoints tested even at extremely low concentrations (0.3% w/v). Additionally, palythine was found to be a potent antioxidant, reducing oxidatively generated stress, even when added post exposure.

Conclusions

Palythine is an extremely effective multifunctional photoprotective molecule in vitro that has potential to be developed as a natural and biocompatible alternative to synthetic UVR filters.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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How to get rid of a nose piercing bump

Even with the best aftercare, a bump may form around a nose piercing. In this article, learn how to treat and prevent a nose piercing bump.

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DPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T predict toxicity and efficacy, respectively, in patients on chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil for colorectal cancer

Abstract

Background

Significant inter-individual variation in the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) represents a major therapeutic hindrance either by impairing drug response or inducing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study aimed at exploring the cause behind this inter-individual alterations in consequences of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy by investigating the effects of DPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms on toxicity and response of 5-FU in Bangladeshi colorectal cancer patients.

Methods

Colorectal cancer patients (n = 161) receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy were prospectively enrolled. DPYD and MTHFR polymorphisms were assessed in peripheral leukocytes. Multivariate analyses were applied to evaluate which variables could predict chemotherapy-induced toxicity and efficacy.

Results

Multivariate analyses showed that DPYD*2A polymorphism was a predictive factor (P = 0.023) for grade 3 and grade 4 5-fluorouracil-related toxicities. Although MTHFR C677T polymorphism might act as forecasters for grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia, diarrhea, and mucositis, this polymorphism was found to increase significantly (P = 0.006) the response of 5-FU.

Conclusion

DPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms could explain 5-FU toxicity or clinical outcome in Bangladeshi colorectal patients.

http://ift.tt/2hu8YIJ

Skeletally anchored mesialization of molars using digitized casts and two surface-matching approaches

Abstract

Purpose

To (1) quantify the three-dimensional treatment effect of a Mesialslider appliance using superimposed digital models, (2) to evaluate anchorage loss (measured by incisor displacement), and (3) to assess agreement between two different matching approaches, i.e., control point (CP)-based and iterative closest point (ICP) matching.

Methods

In a retrospective study, the effects of a skeletally anchored uni- and bilateral mesialization appliance (Mesialslider) as well as simultaneous mesialization and distalization appliance (Mesio-Distalslider) were evaluated in 48 subjects (aged 11–53 years). Pre- and posttreatment casts were digitized and superimposed with two different approaches, i.e., using ten manually selected control points located at the anterior palate and by means of an automated ICP-matching approach using a standardized palatal reference area. The treatment effects were evaluated using control points on the maxillary central incisors and maxillary molar teeth, and the methods were compared through the application of linear regression analyses and computation of alignment errors.

Results

Average upper molar mesialization was 6.3 ± 2.6 mm. Anchorage loss, designated as the mean amount of upper incisor displacement, was less than 0.5 mm in all dimensions investigated. Using the measurement method sufficient registration was possible using both approaches and corresponding tooth movements were significantly correlated (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Accurate measurements of tooth displacement can be performed using both CP- and ICP-based matching approaches. Within the limits of performing a retrospective study, a premolar width of molar mesialization appeared possible without clinically relevant anchorage loss.

http://ift.tt/2zCjTXe

Endocrine Pathology Society Hubert Wolfe Award for 2017: Call for Nominations

http://ift.tt/2iRkgDx

Mapping the mechanical gradient of human dentin-enamel-junction at different intratooth locations

Publication date: Available online 12 November 2017
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Zhengzhi Wang, Kun Wang, Wanyin Xu, Xiaoyu Gong, Feiyu Zhang
ObjectivesThe local structures and mechanical properties within tooth dentin-enamel-junction (DEJ) regions have been focused for numerous studies. The reported results, however, remain inconsistent particularly on the functional width and gradient architecture of the DEJ. The current study aims at systematically determining the mechanical gradient of the DEJ at different intratooth locations such that a clearer understanding on the tooth properties and the potential correlations with the tooth function could be obtained.MethodsWe re-examined how mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness transitioned from those of dentin to those of enamel using combined static and dynamic nanoindentation mapping techniques. A new mapping method and associated image processing procedures were developed to improve the measurement accuracy and resolution.ResultsA thin, sigmoidally-transitioned interphase layer of the DEJ was identified with an accurate functional width of 2–3μm. The DEJ width and gradient architecture were found intratooth location-dependent, with the DEJ at the occlusal sites being wider and transitioning smoother than that at the cervical sites. Such different widths and architectures of the interphase layer at sites subjected to different types and magnitudes of loadings during mastication could promote more efficient stress transferring between enamel and dentin without compromising the overall stiffness of the tooth.SignificanceThe presented study not only adds our understanding in the local mechanical properties within tooth DEJ regions, it could also further advance the development of DEJ-mimetic, functional gradient interphase for strong and ultra-durable jointing between dissimilar materials.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2zAPidg

Scholar : Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 64, Issue 7, October 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 64, Issue 7, October 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Review Article Denudation history of the Southeastern Highlands of Australia J. A. Webb Pages: 841-850 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2017.1384759 Original Articles Naturaliste Plateau: constraints on the timing and evolution of the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province and its role in Gondwana breakup N. G. Direen , B. E. Cohen , R. Maas , F. A. Frey, J. M. Whittaker , M. F. Coffin , S. Meffre , J. A. Halpin & A. J. Crawford Pages: 851-869 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2017.1367326 The structural evolution of the Northern Hastings Block and southern Nambucca Block, southern New England Orogen, eastern Australia J. Yan, P. G. Lennox & R. Offler Pages: 871-887 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2018.1382573 Apparent conflicting Roadian–Wordian (middle Permian) CA-IDTIMS and palynology ages from the Canning Basin, Western Australia A. J. Mory , J. L. Crowley, J. Backhouse, R. S. Nicoll, S. E. Bryan , M. López Martínez & D. J. Mantle Pages: 889-901 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2017.1365586 A workflow for exploration sampling in regolith-dominated terranes using portable X-ray fluorescence: comparison with laboratory data and a case study M. F. Gazley, L. C. Bonnett, L. A. Fisher, W. Salama & J. H. Price Pages: 903-917 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2017.1367721 The significance and timing of sheetflood vs braided channel deposition on lacustrine fan deltas, Junggar Basin, NW China B. Peng, Z. Jin, J. Wang, T. Chang, X. Zhu & B. Gul Pages: 919-930 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2017.1379436 Tectono-stratigraphic evolution and hydrocarbon exploration in the Eocene Southern Lufeng Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea J. W. Ge, X. M. Zhu, X. T. Zhang, B. G. Jones, F. S. Yu, Z. C. Niu & M. Li Pages: 931-956 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2017.1370613 Diagenesis and hydrocarbon emplacement in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstones in the southern Ordos Basin, China H. Chen, X. Zhu, C. Chen, W. Yin, Q. Zhang & R. Shi Pages: 957-980 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2017.1375983 Errata Erratum Pages: 981-982 | DOI: 10.1080/08120099.2017.1388737 Browse papers on image & data fusion, GIS, LiDAR & more in the International Journal of Image and Data Fusion's exclusive Editor's Choice collection. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology are available online

@media screen and (max-width:400px) { .two .column, .two .left, .two .right{ max-width: 100% !important; } } @media screen and (min-width: 401px) and (max-width:620px){ .two .column, .two .left, .two .right { max-width: 100% !important; } }

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Kukulkanus, a new genus of buxtoniin brachiopod from the Artinskian–Kungurian (Early Permian) of Mexico Miguel A. Torres-Martínez, Francisco Sour-Tovar & Ricardo Barragán Pages: 1-8 | DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2017.1395073 Hoping to have your article read by anyone, anywhere and at any time? Find out more about publishing open access with Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Reproductive factors, nutritional status and serum 25(OH)D levels in women with breast cancer: A case control study

Publication date: Available online 11 November 2017
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Author(s): Nighat Y. Sofi, Monika Jain, Umesh Kapil, Vuthaluru Seenu, Lakshmy R., Chander P. Yadav, Ravindra M. Pandey, Neha Sareen
The study was conducted with an objective to investigate the association between reproductive factors, nutritional status and serum 25(OH)D levels among women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC). A total of 200 women with BC attending a tertiary healthcare institute of Delhi, India matched with 200 healthy women for age (±2years) and socio economic status were included in the study. Data was collected on socio-demographic profile, reproductive factors, physical activity and dietary intake (24hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire) using interviewer administered structured questionnaires and standard tools. Non fasting blood samples (5ml) were collected for the biochemical estimation of serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels by chemiluminescent immunoassay and colorimetric assay technique. Data was analyzed by univariable conditional logistic regression and significant variables with (p< 0.05), were analyzed in final model by conditional multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean age of patients at diagnosis of BC was 45±10years. Results of multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher odds of BC for reproductive factors like age at marriage (more than 23 years), number of abortions, history or current use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP), with [OR (95% CI)] of [2.4 (1.2 to 4.9)], [4.0 (1.6 to 12.6)], [2.4 (1.2 to 5.0)]. Women with physically light activities and occasional consumption of eggs were found to have higher odds of BC [4.6 (1.6 to 13.0)] and [3.2 (1.6 to 6.3)]. Women with serum 25(OH)D levels less than 20ng/ml and calcium levels less than 10.5mg/dl had higher odds of having BC [2.4 (1.2 to 5.1)] and [3.7 (1.5 to 8.8)]. A protective effect of urban areas as place of residence and energy intake greater than 50% of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) per day against BC was observed (p<0.05). The findings of the present study revealed a significant association of reproductive and dietary factors in addition to sedentary physical activity and low serum 25(OH)D levels in women diagnosed with BC.



http://ift.tt/2zSrB0F

Skeletally anchored mesialization of molars using digitized casts and two surface-matching approaches

Abstract

Purpose

To (1) quantify the three-dimensional treatment effect of a Mesialslider appliance using superimposed digital models, (2) to evaluate anchorage loss (measured by incisor displacement), and (3) to assess agreement between two different matching approaches, i.e., control point (CP)-based and iterative closest point (ICP) matching.

Methods

In a retrospective study, the effects of a skeletally anchored uni- and bilateral mesialization appliance (Mesialslider) as well as simultaneous mesialization and distalization appliance (Mesio-Distalslider) were evaluated in 48 subjects (aged 11–53 years). Pre- and posttreatment casts were digitized and superimposed with two different approaches, i.e., using ten manually selected control points located at the anterior palate and by means of an automated ICP-matching approach using a standardized palatal reference area. The treatment effects were evaluated using control points on the maxillary central incisors and maxillary molar teeth, and the methods were compared through the application of linear regression analyses and computation of alignment errors.

Results

Average upper molar mesialization was 6.3 ± 2.6 mm. Anchorage loss, designated as the mean amount of upper incisor displacement, was less than 0.5 mm in all dimensions investigated. Using the measurement method sufficient registration was possible using both approaches and corresponding tooth movements were significantly correlated (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Accurate measurements of tooth displacement can be performed using both CP- and ICP-based matching approaches. Within the limits of performing a retrospective study, a premolar width of molar mesialization appeared possible without clinically relevant anchorage loss.

http://ift.tt/2zCjTXe

Liver immunotolerance and hepatocellular carcinoma: Patho-physiological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives

Publication date: December 2017
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 87
Author(s): Gaël S. Roth, Thomas Decaens
At the moment of the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 70% of patients have only access to palliative treatments, with very few therapeutic options. Liver immunology is very specific, and liver immunotolerance is particularly developed because of the constant and massive influx of antigens. Deregulation of hepatic immunotolerance is implicated in chronic liver diseases development and particularly in liver carcinogenesis. For these reasons, HCC may be an excellent candidate for anticancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-L1/PD-1. Nonetheless, because of the specific immune environment of the liver and the frequent association of HCC with hepatocellular insufficiency, the safety and the efficacy of these new treatments have to be properly studied in this situation. Thus, multiple phase II and III studies are in progress studying immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies, combination of different immunotherapies or local strategies such as transarterial chemoembolization combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Currently, only the final results of the tremelimumab phase II and the Nivolumab phase I/II study (CheckMate-040) are available. The latter is promising but need to be confirmed by the ongoing phase III studies to confirm the place of immunotherapy in the treatment of HCC. With many new molecular targets and therapeutic combination, immunotherapy represents a new hope in treating HCC patients although serious evaluation is still needed to confirm its interest.



http://ift.tt/2zTJfAY

Editorial Board

Publication date: 15 March 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 101





http://ift.tt/2yUZbmt

Metals in Diplodus sargus cadenati and Sparisoma cretense —a risk assessment for consumers

Abstract

The increases in urbanization, demography and industrial activity, along with growing human needs which exploit the resources of the planet, have exponentially exacerbated pollution. In particular, the discharge of heavy metals into the marine ecosystem is a problem of global magnitude, as this may damage the diversity of marine species and ecosystems because of their toxicity, long persistence and bioaccumulation. Consequently, it is necessary to carry out an assessment of the risk of human exposure from the consumption of marine species potentially exposed to this type of pollutants. In the present study, the levels of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Al) as well as trace and essential metals (B, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V and Zn) and macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Na) have been quantified in two species of fish for human consumption. In order to do this, a total of 80 muscle samples and 80 liver samples, belonging to two species of osteichthyes (bony fish), Diplodus sargus cadenati and Sparisoma cretense, were analyzed. The specimens studied were captured on the north coast of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) using recreational fishing techniques. As they caught from the shore, the data obtained respond to the need to assess the toxic levels in two representative species of artisanal and recreational fishing in the area. The risk assessment indicated that these two fish species are safe for the average consumer; however, if the livers are frequently consumed, there may be potential risks because they exceed the Admissible Daily Intakes for Pb and Cd.

http://ift.tt/2yvhNoX

Benchmarking the scientific research on wastewater-energy nexus by using bibliometric analysis

Abstract

With an exponential increase in urbanization and industrialization, water pollution is an inevitable consequence of relatively lagging wastewater treatment facilities. The conventional activated sludge process for wastewater treatment primarily emphasizes the removal of harmful substances to maintain increasingly stringent effluent discharged standards, which is considered an energy-intensive technique. Therefore, innovative and sustainable wastewater treatment should pay more attention to energy and resource recovery in dealing with fossil fuel depletion, global-scale energy security, and climate change. A bibliometric analysis was applied to trace wastewater-energy nexus-related research during the period 1991 to 2015, with respect to the Science Citation Index EXPANDED (SCI-EXPANDED) database. Journal of Hazardous Materials, ranking 1st in h-index (79), was the most productive journal (431, 4.5%) during the same time, followed by International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (422, 4.4%) and Water Research (393, 4.1%) journal, the latter owning a topmost journal impact factor. Though, China (2154, 22.5%) was the most productive country, while the USA with highest h-index (88) was the favorest collaborative country. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (241, 2.5%) produced the maximum publications. A novel method called "word cluster analysis" showed that the emerging sustainable processes and novel renewable energy application are applied in response to the desire for a net wastewater-energy nexus system. Based on different wastewater types, the emerging energy and sources recovery treatment processes of Anammox, anaerobic digestion, and microbial fuel cells gained extensive innovation. Evaluation indicators including sustainability, life cycle assessment, and environmental impact were appropriately used to dissert feasibility of the novel treatment methods in regard of renewable energy utilization, energy savings, and energy recovery. The transformation of the new concept of "broaden income source, economize on expenditures and exploit inner potential" should be generalized in order to achieve an environmentally sustainable development of wastewater-energy nexus system.

http://ift.tt/2ADWnHr

Capability of Secale montanum trusted for phytoremediation of lead and cadmium in soils amended with nano-silica and municipal solid waste compost

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of Secale montanum trusted for phytoremediation of contaminated soils with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). To conduct this study, soil samples were taken from contaminated rangelands soils around National Lead & Zinc Factory, Zanjan, Iran. In this study, which was performed in a greenhouse, after preparing the pot and treating soils with nano-silica (NS) and municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) amendments, 20 Secale seeds were cultured in each pot. The translocation factor (TF), the bio-concentration factor (BCF), and remediation factor (RF) were calculated to determine the phytoremediation capability of Secale. Six months after establishment, plant organs were harvested and Pb and Cd concentrations were measured in shoot and roots of Secale. For statistical analysis and to compare the obtained means, ANOVA and Tukey's tests were performed, respectively. The pot experiment results showed that Pb uptake and accumulation by roots of S. montanum were highest in pots amended with NS500. In comparison, Pb concentration in shoots of Secale was highest in pots amended with MSWC 2%. In general, it seems that NS500 and MSWC 2% help phytoremediation capability of Secale in the Pb-contaminated soils.

http://ift.tt/2zGvxOW

Knowledge, behavior and attitudes of dental practitioners towards photodynamic therapy use in dental practice

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Fahim Vohra, Ishfaq A Bukhari, Saeed A Sheikh, Refal Albaijan, Abdul Hakeem Qureshi, Zaeem Arif, Zohaib Akram
BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess knowledge, behavior and attitudes of dental practitioners (DPs) towards photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dental clinical practice.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed and a 13-item survey questionnaire was given to DPs practicing in 13 different teaching hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Questions were aimed at exploring the knowledge of DPs regarding PDT and their attitude towards PDT and perceptions that may influence clinical practices. Chi-square and spearman coefficient were conducted to compare subgroups and correlate factors with the knowledge score of DPs.ResultsA total of 509 questionnaires were completed (response rate=82%). Median age of participants was 34 years and 70% were females. Most DPs demonstrated good knowledge related to PDT, and nearly 77%, 69% and 62% were aware of the mechanism of action and the role of photosensitizers in PDT respectively. It was reported that 74% of the respondents expressed that they are comfortable to know about PDT in detail for their clinical practice. A cumulative 54% disagreed that discussing the option for PDT with their patients was peripheral to their role as clinicians. A striking 82% would like to attend seminars and workshops on PDT. Significant difference was found among senior lecturers and assistant professors for the knowledge items (p <0.05). No statistical correlation was found between the knowledge items score of DPs and their behavior (r=0.18; p=0.762), attitude (r=0.04; p=0.594) and self-rated knowledge (r=0.42; p=0.854).ConclusionDental practitioners showed adequate knowledge regarding PDT and its use in dentistry. However, expertise with regards to handling and training is warranted so that DPs could use PDT in their dental practice.



http://ift.tt/2zxsY45

Combination Vismodegib and Photodynamic Therapy for Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas

Publication date: Available online 1 November 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Jason M. Rizzo, Robert J. Segal, Nathalie C. Zeitouni
BackgroundOral vismodegib therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are non-invasive treatments for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with overlapping utility in widespread BCCs and patients who are poor surgical candidates. There is no published study to date investigating the combination use of PDT with vismodegib to optimize individual response rates.ObjectiveTo evaluate the combination of red light PDT and vismodegib therapy in patients with multiple nodular BCCs. The primary objective was to determine the safety of this combination therapy. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of the overall response rate, treatment-related pain, and cosmesis.MethodsAn open label pilot study of immunocompetent patients with multiple BCCs treated with 3 months of continuous vismodegib therapy (150 mg daily) and 3 consecutive ALA PDT sessions. Outcomes were assessed following each PDT session and 30 days post-treatment.ResultsFour patients with multiple nodular BCC (median=5) were enrolled in the trial between January and August of 2016. Three patients completed the full intervention phase trial and a total of 19 lesions were treated. One patient completed 2 months of vismodegib and 2 PDT sessions. One PDT session was sufficient for small lesions, whereas larger lesions required all 3 sessions. The fifteen evaluable lesions at the end of the 3 PDT sessions showed complete responses. At 30-day follow-up, one of the treated lesions was noted to have clinical evidence of disease. Overall response rate showed 90% complete response and 10% partial response for the study. Combination therapy was well tolerated and yielded a similar or superior side effect profile to that of individual therapies with excellent cosmesis.ConclusionCombination PDT-vismodegib is a potential safe & effective therapy for the treatment of multiple BCCs that may enhance efficacy of individual therapies.



http://ift.tt/2zTmlJX

Short-term effects of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in obese patients with chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 21
Author(s): Fahim Vohra, Zohaib Akram, Ishfaq A. Bukhari, Saeed A. Sheikh, Fawad Javed
BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical periodontal and immunological parameters in obese patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).MethodsFifty-three obese with CP patients were divided into 2 groups receiving aPDT with SRP and SRP only respectively. Full-mouth plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks post-therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in all periodontal variables in both study groups at 6 weeks and 12 weeks with respect to the baseline visit (p<0.001). Significant reduction in PD of 4–6mm and ≥7mm was observed for aPDT group as compared to SRP group (p<0.01) at both 6 weeks and 12 weeks of follow-up. At 6 weeks, a significant (p<0.001) gain in CAL was observed in both groups, which remained stable at 12 weeks. IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased significantly (p=0.001) at 12 weeks after therapy in both the groups. Inter-group comparison showed significant difference for TNF-α (p=0.024) and IL-6 (p=0.044) levels for aPDT group at 12 week follow-up.ConclusionWithin the limits of this clinical trial, adjunctive aPDT showed improvement in clinical and immunological parameters in obese patients with CP. Antimicrobial PDT showed additional benefit in moderate and deep periodontal pockets in obese patients with CP.



http://ift.tt/2zwsJ9w

A new screening method to detect proximal dental caries using fluorescence imaging

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Eun-Soo Kim, Eun-Song Lee, Si-Mook Kang, Eun-Ha Jung, Elbert de Josselin de Jong, Hoi-In Jung, Baek-Il Kim
ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the screening performance of the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology to detect proximal caries using both fluorescence loss and red fluorescence in a clinical situation. Moreover, a new simplified QLF score for the proximal caries (QS-Proximal) is proposed and its validity for detecting proximal caries was evaluated as well.MethodsThis clinical study included 280 proximal surfaces, which were assessed by visual-tactile and radiographic examinations and scored by each scoring system according to lesion severity. The occlusal QLF images were analysed in two different ways: (1) a quantitative analysis producing fluorescence loss (ΔF) and red fluorescence (ΔR) parameters; and (2) a new QLF scoring index. For both quantitative parameters and QS-Proximal, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were calculated as a function of the radiographic scoring index at the enamel and dentine caries levels.ResultsBoth ΔF and ΔR showed excellent AUROC values at the dentine caries level (ΔF=0.860, ΔR=0.902) whereas a relatively lower value was observed at the enamel caries level (ΔF=0.655, ΔR=0.686). The QS-Proximal also showed excellent AUROC ranged from 0.826 to 0.864 for detecting proximal caries at the dentine level.ConclusionThe QS-Proximal, which represents fluorescence changes, showed excellent performance in detecting proximal caries using the radiographic score as the gold standard.



http://ift.tt/2zTmehv

Secretion of the angiogenic factor VEGF after photodynamic therapy with ALA under hypoxia-like conditions in colon cancer cells

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 21
Author(s): Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka, Beata Kwiatek, Zenon P. Czuba, Anna Mertas, Wojciech Latos, Thomas Verwanger, Barbara Krammer, Aleksander Sieroń
BackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), eliminates not only the tumor, but also modulates signaling factors release, e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which plays a crucial role in cancer progression. Assessment of the VEGF-secreting activity of resistant colon cancer cells in different degree of malignancy: SW480 and SW620 under hypoxia-like conditions during δ- aminolevulinic acid (ALA) PDT was the objective of our study.MethodsThe colon cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 were treated in sublethal doses with ALA PDT in hypoxia- like conditions with cobalt chloride (CoCl2). To assess cell viability, MTT assays were performed and the discrimination of the cell death mode was monitored via fluorescence microscopy. The cells cytotoxicity using LDH test was assessed. Determination of VEGF was carried out using the Bio- Plex Assay Pro™ kit on the Bio- Plex Suspension Array System.ResultsALA PDT used in sublethal doses decreases release of VEGF in more aggressively growing SW620 colon cancer cell line in hypoxia-like conditions. In addition the level of secretion of VEGF in SW620 was much higher than in SW480 cells, which correlates with the grade of aggressive growth of colon cancer cells.ConclusionOur outcomes offer evidence, that in hypoxia mimic condition sublethal ALA-PDT- mediated VEGF inhibition could be clinically relevant.



http://ift.tt/2zyp5vP

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for infectious stomatitis in snakes: Clinical views and microbiological findings

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Marcelo Pires Nogueira de Carvalho, Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha, Terezinha Knöbl, Fabio Celidonio Pogliani, José Luiz Catão-Dias, Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna, Martha Simões Ribeiro, Fábio Parra Sellera
BackgroundAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been broadly investigated as an alternative to treat localized infections, without leading to the selection of resistant microorganisms. Infectious stomatitis is a multifactorial disease frequently reported in captive snakes characterized by infection of the oral mucosa and surrounding tissues. In this study, we investigated methylene blue (MB)-mediated APDT to treat infectious stomatitis in snakes and verified the resistance phenotype and genotype before and after APDT.MethodsThree Boid snakes presented petechiae, edema and caseous material in their oral cavities. MB (0.01%) was applied on the lesions and after 5min they were irradiated using a red laser (λ=660nm), fluence of 280J/cm², 8J and 80s per point, 100mW, spot size 0.028cm² and fluence rate of 3.5W/cm². APDT was repeated once a week during 3 months. Samples of the lesions were collected to identify bacteria and antibiotic resistance profiles. To analyze the clonality of bacterial isolates before and after APDT, isolates were subjected to ERIC PCR analysis.ResultsSnakes presented clinical improvement such as reduction of inflammatory signs and caseous material. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were present in all snakes; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Morganella morganii were also identified in some animals. We also observed that the oral microbiota was completely replaced following APDT. However, K. pneumoniae isolates before and after APDT were a single clone with 100% of genetic similarity that lost resistance phenotype for seven antibiotics of four classes.ConclusionsThese results show that APDT can be used to treat infectious stomatitis in snakes.



http://ift.tt/2zTm9KJ

Photodynamic therapy using a cytotoxic photosensitizer porphyrus envelope that targets the cell membrane

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Mizuho Inai, Norihiro Honda, Hisanao Hazama, Sharmin Akter, Shinichiro Fuse, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Tomoyuki Nishikawa, Yasufumi Kaneda, Kunio Awazu
BackgroundSubcellular localization of a photosensitizer is known to determine the therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cell membrane is an optimal target that promises an effective treatment outcome.ObjectivesWe previously developed a novel photosensitizer named porphyrus envelope (PE) by combining hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) with lipidated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX lipid). In the current study, the cellular localization of PE and its ability to induce multiple anti-tumor effect were characterized.Materials and MethodsThe localization and uptake of PpIX lipid in cells were evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscopy and a cell-based fluorescent assay, respectively. The ability of PE to suppress the migration and proliferation of cancer cells was assessed using a scratch-wound assay. The synergistic effect of PDT and HVJ-E treatment was evaluated using an in vitro experiment with PC-3 cells.ResultsPE localized along the cell membrane and PpIX lipid accumulated selectively in the prostate cancer cells within 10min. Also, PE maintained the ability to undergo fusion and induce cancer cell death even after light irradiation at the dose for PDT. Incubation with PE resulted in delayed migratory and proliferative activity of PC-3 cells. PE-mediated PDT was twice as effective when cells were further incubated with PE following PDT.ConclusionsPE allows rapid drug delivery targeting the cell membrane. Because the cytotoxicity of HVJ-E was maintained, synergistic effect of HVJ-E and the photochemical reactions resulted in highly effective killing of prostate cancer cells in vitro and thus represents a promising treatment for prostate cancer.



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IDIOPATHIC ELASTOSIS PERFORANS SERPIGINOSA WITH SATISFACTORY RESPONSE AFTER 5-ALA PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Publication date: Available online 10 November 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): S Alique-García, J. Company-Quiroga, C. Horcajada-Reales, B. Echeverría-García, J.C. Tardío-Dovao, J. Borbujo
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of photochemical reactions mediated through the interaction of photosensitizing agents, light, and oxygen for the treatment of malignant or benign diseases. Topical photosensitizers employed in dermatology are 5-aminolevulinic acid (5 ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate, classically used for the treatment of superficial non-melanoma skin cancer and their precursors. Recently the efficacy of PDT has been introduced in other benign diseases. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS) is a rare skin disorder characterized by transepidermal elimination of abnormal elastic fibers. Management of this condition is complicated, various methods have been used but with limited success. We report a case of EPS in a 30-yeard-old woman treated with 5 ALA-PDT. After 4 sessions the lesions have almost completely disappeared with no residual side effects. Therefore we present an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of EPS.



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Topical ALA-PDT as alternative therapeutic option in treatment-recalcitrant dermatosis: Report of 4 cases

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Calvina Theresia, Jie Zheng, Xiao-Ying Chen
BackgroundTopical Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely acknowledged for its safety and effectiveness in treating oncologic skin diseases such as basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Despite its broad applications in dermatology, this method is a relatively new therapeutic option for treating inflammatory/infectious skin diseases.ObjectivesTo determine whether topical PDT is a safe and effective treatment option in treating treatment-recalcitrant dermatosis.ObservationsWe presented one of each case of Acne Vulgaris, facial flat warts, urethral meatus Condyloma Acuminatum and extramammary Paget's disease, where other treatment options were either ineffective or not feasible, then those patients underwent topical PDT and showed significant improvement with minimal side effects.ConclusionsTopical PDT therapy may be applied in cases of Acne Vulgaris, facial flat warts, urethral meatus Condyloma Acuminatum and extramammary Paget's disease, where other treatment has shown no or minimal improvement, or in whom ablative or invasive procedure is to be avoided or not well tolerated.



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Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of peri-implant diseases: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 21
Author(s): Gowri Sivaramakrishnan, Kannan Sridharan
BackgroundPhotodynamic therapy in peri-implantitis has been tested in randomized clinical trials. Though systematic review and meta-analysis on human and animal studies, identifies the utility of photodynamic therapy, a comparison of other interventions with photodynamic therapy for peri-implantitis does not exist. Hence the aim of this network meta-analysis is to identify the role of photodynamic therapy for peri-implantitis compared with other interventions tested in randomized human clinical trials.MethodRandomized controlled trials comparing photodynamic therapy and other interventions in patients with peri- implantitis was searched for in electronic databases. The risk of bias was calculated using Cochrane risk of Bias tool. The heterogeneity between the studies in direct comparison was assessed using Chi-square and I² tests. GRADE working group approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plot and Trim and Fill method was used to identify the number of missing studies.ResultsWe observed a significant reduction in the level of attachment scores with the use of combined photodynamic therapy with mechanical debridement when compared with other interventions tested. For bleeding on probing, pocket depth and plaque scores no statistically significant results were obtained.ConclusionThe use of photodynamic therapy with mechanical debridement will definitely bring about significant improvement in patients with peri-implantitis. Further trials on the use of photodynamic therapy with other treatment modalities need to be tested to arrive at the best possible treatment option for peri-implantitis.



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Effect of methylene blue-induced photodynamic therapy on a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Mariana Alencar Nemezio, Sofia Sampaio de Souza Farias, Maria Cristina Borsatto, Carolina Patrícia Aires, Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
BackgroundSeveral studies have reported the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to control biofilm but its efficacy depends on several factors, such as biofilm model used. This study aims to examine whether exposure to diode laser combined with methylene blue affects the bacterial viability and polysaccharide content in a Streptococcus mutans cariogenic biofilm model, which simulated 'feast-famine' episodes of exposure to sucrose that occur in the oral cavity.Materials and methodsS. mutans biofilms were formed on acrylic resin discs and exposed to a 10% sucrose solution for 1min, eight times/day. After growing for 48h, the biofilms were submitted to the following treatments, twice daily (n=4): (i) 0.9% NaCl (NaCl) as the negative control; (ii) 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive antibacterial control; (iii) diode laser combined with methylene blue, using an energy density of 320J/cm² (aPDT). After 120h of growth, the biofilm formed on each disc was collected to determine the viable bacterial counts and concentration of insoluble exopolysaccharides (IEPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS).ResultsBacterial counts in the biofilms formed differed among the treatments. Compared with NaCl, aPDT significantly destabilized biofilm (p<0.0001). aPDT and CHX equally lowered the concentration of IEPS and IPS in biofilms.ConclusionUnder the experimental conditions assessed, our findings indicate that a twice-daily treatment with diode laser combined with methylene blue effectively decreased bacterial viability and the intra- and extracellular polysaccharide concentration in biofilms of S. mutans, a cariogenic bacterium.



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Treatment of oral refractory large area mucosal leukoplakia with CO2 laser combined with photodynamic therapy: Case report

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Yunfeng Zhang, Linglin Zhang, Degang Yang, Guolong Zhang, Xiuli Wang




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Clinical study on clinical operation and post-treatment reactions of HMME-PDT in treatment of PWS

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Yunjie Zhang, Xianbiao Zou, Hongxia Chen, Yuguang Yang, Hui Lin, Xiaojuan Guo
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical efficacy of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) in treating port-wine stains (PWS), and its clinical operation skills and operation essentials.MethodA total of 16 cases of PWS with negative HMME skin test results were included in this study. Their treated areas were exposed and injected with 5mg/kg HMME, and then irradiated under 532nm LED green light (produced by Wuhan YaGe LED1 modified machines), with the irradiation power density between 80 and 100mW/cm². Each light spot was irradiated for 20–25min. After one treatment, the clinical efficacy and post-treatment reactions at each treated area were observed.ResultUnder standard operation, two of the 16 cases were cured (12.5%) after one HMME-PDT treatment, eight cases indicates a good efficacy (50.0%), four cases showed alleviation (25.0%), while two cases displayed no efficacy (12.5%), indicating an one-time response rate of 87.5%. Pain was reported during treatment, and significant post-treatment edema was observed at the treated areas; And no allergy or other adverse reaction were reported.ConclusionIn adherence to operation standards and operation essentials during treatment, HMME-PDT shows a satisfactory clinical efficacy in treating PWS.



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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM – 660nm) in a dog with chronic gingivostomatitis

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Paula Abreu Villela, Naiá de Carvalho de Souza, Juliana Durigan Baia, Marco Antonio Gioso, Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha, Patrícia Moreira de Freitas
Chronic gingivostomatitis in dogs is an inflammatory syndrome of the oral cavity, which treatment and control of concomitant periodontitis allow healing in most of the cases. In the presence of recurrent lesions, invasive methods are necessary to treat lesions and pain. As a conservative adjuvant method, photobiomodulation (PBM) with low power laser is able to promote reduction of tissue pain and tissue inflammation besides increasing vascularization and healing, restoring the normal function of the irradiated organ in a shorter time. In veterinary medicine, there is no standardization of technique for its use in oral tissue for treating gingivostomatitis in dogs. In the present case, a dog was submitted to aPDT (7.2J/point, 3min/point, 180J/cm²) and PBM (1.6J/point, 40s/point, 25J/cm²), using a semiconductor diode laser, with wavelength of 660nm, spot size of ​​0.04cm² and output power of 40mW. The established protocol proved to be effective as coadjutant treatment for chronic gingivostomatitis, restoring the integrity of dog's affected mucosa and gingiva.



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Effects of LED —Based Photodynamic Therapy using Red and Blue Lights, with Natural Hydrophobic Photosensitizers on Human Glioma Cell Line

Publication date: Available online 7 November 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Zahra Jamali, Sedigheh Marjaneh Hejazi, Seyed Mohsen Ebrahimi, Hemen Moradi-sardareh, Maliheh Paknejad
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received high attention in cancer treatment due to its minimal side effects, specific cancer-targeting, non-invasion and low cost. It utilizes a specific group of anti-cancer drugs called photosensitizers (PS), which can be only activated under a certain wavelength light illumination and kills cancer cells. To screen the potential of PS and setup of PDT treatment protocol, it is essential to assess the PDT efficacy in vitro.In this study, a light-emitting diode- (LED-) based illumination system at two wavelengths (red & blue) with homogeneous and stable irradiation, and constant temperature conditions in 96-well plates was provided. The photodynamic effect of curcumin (CUR) and methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid (MAL) using LED light on human glioma cell line was investigated. The obtained results indicate that this homemade LED-based illumination system is a favorable light source for in vitro PDT in 96-well plates. The PDT using CUR and MAL was efficient at final concentrations of 25μM and 2mM, and light doses of 60J/cm2 and 40J/cm2 respectively. The blue PDT efficiency was dependent on the light and PS doses. MAL-PDT and CUR-PDT using blue LED significantly decreased cell viability in the treatment groups compared with control groups. Furthermore, MAL-PDT using blue LEDs was more effective in comparison with conventional red LEDs on the human glioma cell line.



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The diagnostic value of the native fluorescence visualization device for early detection of premalignant/malignant lesions of the oral cavity

Publication date: Available online 24 October 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Maryam Amirchaghmaghi, Nooshin Mohtasham, Zahra Delavarian, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Masoud Hatami, Pegah Mosannen Mozafari
PurposeThe present study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of a native fluorescence visualization device in the identification of oral malignant/dysplastic lesions.MethodsThis study involved 45 patients who had oral lesions that were suspected to be malignant, potentially malignant, or benign. The patients visited the Oral Medicine Department of the Mashhad Dental School. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratio of this device were determined.ResultsThe histopathological assessment of samples showed 9 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 12 lesions with dysplasia. Ten samples of dysplastic lesions and all malignant lesions appeared dark or red/orange when examined with the native fluorescence visualization device. In 90% of the dysplastic/malignant lesions, the label-free fluorescence results were positive. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of this device were 90%, 15%, 40%, and 71%, respectively.ConclusionsThe native fluorescence visualization device can be used in specialized centers as an adjunctive device to increase the sensitivity of a clinical examination, but is not capable of distinguishing benign lesions from malignant and dysplastic ones due to its low specificity.



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Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis with photodynamic therapy: Systematic review of current evidence

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Muhammad Qutayba Almerie, Gemma Gossedge, Kathleen E. Wright, David G. Jayne
BackgroundPeritoneal carcinomatosis results when tumour cells implant and grow within the peritoneal cavity. Treatment and prognosis vary based on the primary cancer. Although therapy with intention-to-cure is offered to selective patients using cytoreductive surgery with chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor for most of the patients. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer-therapeutic modality where a photosensitiser is administered to patients and exerts a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells when excited by light of a specific wavelength. It has potential application in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the evidence of using PDT to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis in both animals and humans (Medline/EMBASE searched in June 2017).ResultsThree human and 25 animal studies were included. Phase I and II human trials using first-generation photosensitisers showed that applying PDT after surgical debulking in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis is feasible with some clinical benefits. The low tumour-selectivity of the photosensitisers led to significant toxicities mainly capillary leak syndrome and bowel perforation. In animal studies, PDT improved survival by 15–300%, compared to control groups. PDT led to higher tumour necrosis values (categorical values 0–4 [4=highest]: PDT 3.4±1.0 vs. control 0.4±0.6, p<0.05) and reduced tumour size (residual tumour size is 10% of untreated controls, p<0.001).ConclusionPDT has potential in treating peritoneal carcinomatosis, but is limited by its narrow therapeutic window and possible serious side effects. Recent improvement in tumour-selectivity and light delivery systems is promising, but further development is needed before PDT can be routinely applied for peritoneal carcinomatosis.



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Development of a novel Schiff base derivative for enhancing the anticancer potential of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Yusei Shinohara, Yoshio Endo, Chiaki Abe, Ikkyu Shiba, Masahiro Ishizuka, Tohru Tanaka, Yutaka Yonemura, Shun-Ichiro Ogura, Masahide Tominaga, Hisatsugu Yamada, Yoshihiro Uto
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), is now widely used for photodynamic diagnosis (ALA-PDD) and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) of various cancers. Recently, we found that treatment of cancer cells with the Schiff base derivative TX-816 along with ALA could significantly increase the efficacy of ALA-PDT. This enhancing effect of TX-816 on ALA-PDT is attributed to 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde (DCSA), a molecule produced by the degradation of TX-816. Similar to TX-816, DCSA significantly enhances the effect of ALA-PDT. Furthermore, DCSA could restore the sensitivity of cancer cells that acquired resistance to ALA-PDT. These results indicate that DCSA, as well as TX-816, is a potent lead compound for the development of an ALA-PDT sensitizer. TX-816 might be a useful compound for designing prodrug-type ALA-PDT enhancers.



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Programmable LED-based integrating sphere light source for wide-field fluorescence microscopy

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Aziz ul Rehman, Ayad G. Anwer, Ewa M. Goldys
Wide-field fluorescence microscopy commonly uses a mercury lamp, which has limited spectral capabilities. We designed and built a programmable integrating sphere light (PISL) source which consists of nine LEDs, light-collecting optics, a commercially available integrating sphere and a baffle. The PISL source is tuneable in the range 365–490nm with a uniform spatial profile and a sufficient power at the objective to carry out spectral imaging. We retrofitted a standard fluorescence inverted microscope DM IRB (Leica) with a PISL source by mounting it together with a highly sensitive low- noise CMOS camera. The capabilities of the setup have been demonstrated by carrying out multispectral autofluorescence imaging of live BV2 cells.



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Assessing daylight & low-dose rate photodynamic therapy efficacy, using biomarkers of photophysical, biochemical and biological damage metrics in situ

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 20
Author(s): Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Souza, Ethan LaRochelle, Kayla Marra, Jason Gunn, Scott C. Davis, Kimberley S. Samkoe, M. Shane Chapman, Edward V. Maytin, Tayyaba Hasan, Brian W. Pogue
BackgroundSunlight can activate photodynamic therapy (PDT), and this is a proven strategy to reduce pain caused byconventional PDT treatment, but assessment of this and other alternative low dose rate light sources, and their efficacy, has not been studied in an objective, controlled pre-clinical setting. This study used three objective assays to assess the efficacy of different PDT treatment regimens, using PpIX fluorescence as a photophysical measure, STAT3 cross-linking as a photochemical measure, and keratinocyte damage as a photobiological measure.MethodsNude mouse skin was used along with in vivo measures of photosensitizer fluorescence, keratinocyte nucleus damage from pathology, and STAT3 cross-linking from Western blot analysis. Light sources compared included a low fluence rate red LED panel, compact fluorescent bulbs, halogen bulbs and direct sunlight, as compared to traditional PDT delivery with conventional and fractionated high fluence rate red LED light delivery.ResultsOf the three biomarkers, two had strong correlation to the PpIX-weighted light dose, which is calculated as the product of the treatment light dose (J/cm²) and the normalized PpIX absorption spectra. Comparison of STAT3 cross-linking to PpIX-weighted light dose had an R=0.74, and comparison of keratinocyte nuclear damage R=0.70. There was little correlation to PpIX fluorescence. These assays indicate most of the low fluence rate treatment modalities were as effective as conventional PDT, while fractionated PDT showed the most damage.ConclusionsDaylight or artificial light PDT provides an alternative schedule for delivery of drug-light treatment, and this pre-clinical assay demonstrated that in vivo assays of damage could be used to objectively predict a clinical outcome in this altered delivery process.

Graphical abstract

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