High-grain diets supplemented with phytogenic compounds or autolyzed yeast modulate ruminal bacterial community and fermentation in dry cows

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Journal of Dairy Science
Author(s): V. Neubauer, R. Petri, E. Humer, I. Kröger, E. Mann, N. Reisinger, M. Wagner, Q. Zebeli
The feeding of concentrate-rich diets may lead to microbial imbalances and dysfermentation in the rumen. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing phytogenic compounds (PHY) or autolyzed yeast (AY) on rumen fermentation and microbial abundance in cows intermittently fed concentrate-rich diets. The experiment was carried out as an incomplete 3 × 4 Latin square design, with 8 nonlactating rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian cows. The cows were randomly assigned to a concentrate diet that was either not supplemented (CON), or supplemented with PHY or AY. Each of the 4 consecutive experimental periods was composed of a 1-wk roughage-only diet (RD), 6-d gradual concentrate increase, followed by 1 wk of 65% concentrate (dry matter basis; Conc I), and 1 wk of RD and a final 2-wk 65% concentrate (dry matter basis; Conc II) phase. Digesta samples were collected from the rumen mat for bacterial 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq (Illumina, Balgach, Switzerland) sequencing, and samples of particle-associated rumen liquid were obtained for measuring short-chain fatty acids, lactate, ammonia, and pH during RD (d 6), Conc I (d 19), and Conc II (d 39). The concentrate feeding caused a decrease of overall bacterial diversity indices, especially during Conc I. The genera Ruminococcus, Butyrivibrio, and Coprococcus were decreased, whereas Prevotella, Megasphaera, Lachnospira, and Bacteroides were increased in abundance. Supplementation of both feed additives increased the abundance of gram-positive and decreased that of gram-negative bacteria. Supplementation of AY enhanced cellulolytic bacteria such as Ruminococcus spp., whereas PHY decreased starch and sugar fermenters including Bacteroides spp., Shuttleworthia spp., and Syntrophococcus spp. Moreover, PHY supplementation increased butyrate percentage in the rumen in both concentrate phases. In conclusion, intermittent high-concentrate feeding altered the digesta-associated rumen bacterial community and rumen fermentation with more significant alterations found in Conc I than in Conc II. The data also showed that both feed additives had the most significant modulatory effects on the bacterial community, and their subsequent fermentation, during periods of low pH.



http://ift.tt/2EzzbLT

Vocalization as an indicator of estrus climax in Holstein heifers during natural estrus and superovulation

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Journal of Dairy Science
Author(s): Volker Röttgen, Frank Becker, Armin Tuchscherer, Christine Wrenzycki, Sandra Düpjan, Peter C. Schön, Birger Puppe
The reliable detection of estrus is an important scientific and practical challenge in dairy cattle farming. Female vocalization may indicate reproductive status, and preliminary evidence suggests that this information can be used to detect estrus in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to associate the changes in the vocalization rate of dairy heifers with behavioral estrus indicators as well as test the influence of the type of estrus (natural estrus vs. superovulation-induced estrus). We analyzed 6 predefined estrus-related behavior patterns (standing to be mounted, head-side mounting, active mounting, chin resting, being mounted while not standing, and active sniffing in the anogenital region) and vocalization rates in the peri-estrus period (day of estrus ± 1 d) of 12 German Holstein heifers using audio-visual recordings. Each heifer was observed under natural estrus and a consecutive superovulation induced by FSH and cloprostenol. Estrus was determined by behavioral patterns and confirmed by clinical examination (vaginoscopy and ultrasound imaging of the ovaries) as well as by the concentration of peripheral progesterone. Estrus behavior and vocalization rates were analyzed in 3-h intervals (an average of 19 intervals for each heifer), and an estrus score was calculated based on the 6 behaviors. The interval with the highest estrus score (I0) was considered the estrus climax. We demonstrated similar time courses for the estrus score and vocalization rate independent of estrus type. However, in natural estrus, the maximum vocalization rate (±SE) occurred in the interval before estrus climax (I−1; 42.58 ± 21.89) and was significantly higher than that in any other interval except estrus climax (I0; 27.58 ± 9.76). During natural estrus, the vocalization rate was significantly higher within the interval before estrus climax (I−1; 42.58 ± 21.89 vs. 11.58 ± 5.51) than under superovulation. The results underscore the potential use of vocalization rate as a suitable indicator of estrus climax in automated estrus detection devices. Further studies and technical development are required to record and process individual vocalization rates.



http://ift.tt/2Fq6MZV

Discriminating aging and protein-to-fat ratio in Cheddar cheese using sensory analysis and a potentiometric electronic tongue

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Journal of Dairy Science
Author(s): Jackie B. Lipkowitz, Carolyn F. Ross, Charles Diako, Denise M. Smith
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the flavor and taste attributes of full-fat Cheddar cheeses with different protein-to-fat ratios (PFR) over aging time using a descriptive sensory analysis panel and a consumer panel, and to correlate these attributes with instrumental parameters obtained by the potentiometric electronic tongue. Three Cheddar cheese formulations (PFR of 0.74, 0.85, and 1.01) were produced in triplicate and composition was verified. Cheese was aged at 7.2°C and evaluated at 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, and 12 mo by a trained panel (n = 10) for 8 flavor and 5 taste attributes and using an electronic tongue for 7 nonvolatile taste attributes. Cheese aged for 12 mo was also evaluated by a consumer sensory panel for liking and intensity attributes. Principal component analysis was performed to discriminate cheese based on aging time and PFR, whereas correlation between sensory and instrumental attributes was assessed using partial least squares regression. Descriptive sensory analysis of flavor and taste attributes differentiated Cheddar cheeses over aging time, but not among PFR formulations. The electronic tongue distinguished changes among cheese samples due to PFR formulation and aging time. The electronic tongue proved successful in characterizing the nonvolatile flavor components in Cheddar cheese and correlated with taste perceptions measured by descriptive sensory analysis. Consumer evaluations showed distinctive attribute profiles for the 3 PFR Cheddar cheese formulations. Overall, higher fat content was associated with increased flavor intensities in Cheddar cheese and drove consumer acceptability and purchase intent ratings. The electronic tongue detected smaller changes in tastes (bitter, metallic, salty, sour, spicy, sweet, and umami) of the 3 PFR formulations over time when compared with the trained panelists, who detected no differences, suggesting that the electronic tongue may be more sensitive to tastants than humans and may have the capability for early detection or identification of problems in a batch of cheese during aging. Results suggest taste quality of cheese may be monitored using the electronic tongue with greater sensitivity than a trained panel, and may be more objective, rapid, and cost effective than human panelists.



http://ift.tt/2Ezz1Eh

The effect of different precooling rates and cold storage on milk microbiological quality and composition

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Journal of Dairy Science
Author(s): Lizandra F. Paludetti, Alan L. Kelly, Bernadette O'Brien, Kieran Jordan, David Gleeson
The objective of this study was to measure the effect of different milk cooling rates, before entering the bulk tank, on the microbiological load and composition of the milk, as well as on energy usage. Three milk precooling treatments were applied before milk entered 3 identical bulk milk tanks: no plate cooler (NP), single-stage plate cooler (SP), and double-stage plate cooler (DP). These precooling treatments cooled the milk to 32.0 ± 1.4°C, 17.0 ± 2.8°C, and 6.0 ± 1.1°C, respectively. Milk was added to the bulk tank twice daily for 72 h, and the tank refrigeration temperature was set at 3°C. The blend temperature within each bulk tank was reduced after each milking event as the volume of milk at 3°C increased simultaneously. The bacterial counts of the milk volumes precooled at different rates did not differ significantly at 0 h of storage or at 24-h intervals thereafter. After 72 h of storage, the total bacterial count of the NP milk was 3.90 ± 0.09 log10 cfu/mL, whereas that of the precooled milk volumes were 3.77 ± 0.09 (SP) and 3.71 ± 0.09 (DP) log10 cfu/mL. The constant storage temperature (3°C) over 72 h helped to reduce bacterial growth rates in milk; consequently, milk composition was not affected and minimal, if any, proteolysis occurred. The DP treatment had the highest energy consumption (17.6 ± 0.5 Wh/L), followed by the NP (16.8 ± 2.7 Wh/L) and SP (10.6 ± 1.3 Wh/L) treatments. This study suggests that bacterial count and composition of milk are minimally affected when milk is stored at 3°C for 72 h, regardless of whether the milk is precooled; however, milk entering the tank should have good initial microbiological quality. Considering the numerical differences between bacterial counts, however, the use of the SP or DP precooling systems is recommended to maintain low levels of bacterial counts and reduce energy consumption.



http://ift.tt/2FoV0Pv

Effect of the concentration of circulating prolactin on dairy cows' responsiveness to domperidone injection

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Journal of Dairy Science
Author(s): J.J. Tong, I.M. Thompson, X. Zhao, P. Lacasse
The objective of this study was to determine whether the responsiveness of the mammary gland to prolactin (PRL) is affected by the concentration of the hormone. After 1 pre-experimental week (d −7 to −1), 18 Holstein cows in mid to late lactation were injected intramuscularly twice daily with either 0.5 mg of quinagolide (QN) or 2 mL of water (control) for 2 wk (d 1 to 14; treatment period). After the treatment period, all cows received daily subcutaneous injections of 300 mg of domperidone (DOMP) for 3 wk (d 15 to 35; DOMP period). The cows were monitored for an additional 2 wk as a posttreatment period (d 36 to 49). Blood and milk samples were collected 3 times per week. Additionally, blood samples were collected during the a.m. milking on d −4, 14, and 35. Milk production was not affected by QN during the treatment period but was increased during the DOMP and posttreatment periods in the QN cows. With respect to milk composition, the treatments affected only the protein content, which was greater in the QN cows during the treatment period. Blood PRL concentration declined during QN injections and was lower in the QN cows than in the control cows between d 5 and 14. The basal concentration of PRL was increased by DOMP injections during the DOMP and posttreatment periods but was not affected by previous QN injections. Prolactin concentration in milk was not affected by the QN treatments but was increased by DOMP injections during the DOMP and posttreatment periods. Milking-induced PRL release was decreased by QN on d 14. On d 35, milking did not induce a significant release of PRL above the baseline for both treatments. In conclusion, the results of this experiment support the contention that the mammary gland's responsiveness to PRL is modulated by the previous level of the hormone.



http://ift.tt/2EwSy8a

Stabilizing vitamin D3 using the molten globule state of α-lactalbumin

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Journal of Dairy Science
Author(s): Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen, Henrik V. Sørensen, Daniel E. Otzen
α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) is the second most abundant bovine whey protein. It has been intensively studied because of its readiness to populate the molten globular (MG) state, a partially folded state with native levels of secondary structure but loss of tertiary structure. The MG state of α-LA exposes a significant number of hydrophobic patches that could be used to bind and stabilize small hydrophobic molecules such as vitamin D3 (vitD). Accordingly, we tested the ability of α-LA to stabilize vitD in a pH interval from 7.4 to 2; over this pH interval, α-LA transitions from the folded state to the MG state. The MG state stabilized vitD better than the folded state and was superior to the major bovine whey protein β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), which is known to stabilize vitD. At pH 7.4, β-LG and α-LA stabilized vitD to the same extent. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching measurements indicated that α-LA has one binding site at pH 7.4 but acquires an additional binding site when the pH is lowered to pH 2 to 4. Stability measurements of the vitD in the α-LA–vitD complex at different temperatures suggest that UHT processing would lead to little loss of vitD. This study demonstrates the potential of α-LA as a component in vitD fortification, particularly for low pH applications.



http://ift.tt/2FqgviK

Canadian National Dairy Study: Herd-level milk quality

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Journal of Dairy Science
Author(s): C.A. Bauman, H.W. Barkema, J. Dubuc, G.P. Keefe, D.F. Kelton
The objective of this study was to estimate Canadian national milk quality parameters and estimate the bulk tank milk (BTM) prevalence of 4 mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma bovis, and Prototheca spp., on Canadian dairy farms. A questionnaire was sent to all Canadian dairy producers. Of the 1,062 producers who completed the questionnaire, 374 producers from across the country were visited and milking hygiene was assessed. Farm-level milk quality data for all Canadian dairy producers was collected from the provincial marketing boards and combined with the questionnaire and farm visit data. In addition, a BTM sample was collected either during the farm visit or by the marketing board in November of 2015 and was tested for 4 major mastitis pathogens using the PathoProof Mastitis Major 4 PCR Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA). Apparent herd-level prevalence was 46% for S. aureus, 6% for Prototheca spp., 0% for M. bovis, and 0% for Strep. agalactiae. Due to the low prevalence of M. bovis and Strep. agalactiae and a lack of significant factors associated with farms testing positive for Prototheca spp., an association analysis could only be carried out for Staph. aureus-positive farms. Factors associated with Staph. aureus-positive farms were not fore-stripping cows before milking (odds ratio = 1.87), milking with a pipeline system (odds ratio = 2.21), and stall bases made of a rubberized surface (mats and mattresses), whereas protective factors were using blanket dry cow therapy (odds ratio = 0.49) and applying a tag or visible mark on cows known to have chronic mastitis infections (odds ratio = 0.45). The Canadian national production-weighted geometric mean somatic cell count was determined to be 208,000 cells/mL. This is the first national dairy study conducted in Canada. Participating farms had higher milk yield; were more likely to have a loose housing system, parlor, or automated milking system; and had lower weighted mean BTM somatic cell count than the national level. Sampling larger farms with better milk quality means the apparent prevalence of the 4 mastitis pathogens likely underestimates the true levels.



http://ift.tt/2EwUnCc

Internal Mammary Vessels’ Impact on Abdominal Skin Perfusion in Free Abdominal Flap Breast Reconstruction

Background: Wound healing problems at the donor site in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction cause significant morbidity to patients. No studies have investigated what impact the use of the internal mammary artery in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction has on abdominal skin perfusion. We hypothesized that harvesting the internal mammary vessels (IMV) has a negative effect on abdominal skin perfusion. Methods: The abdomen and anterior thoracic wall of 17 patients scheduled for secondary free abdominal flap breast reconstruction using IMV was pre-, intra-, and postoperatively examined with dynamic infrared thermography. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the rate and pattern of recovery in Huger's vascular zones were made with each patient being its own control. Zone III on the side where IMV were used was numbered zone IV. The contralateral zone III was used as reference. Results: Postoperative abdominal skin perfusion in zone IV was always significantly reduced compared with zone III (1-tailed t test, P

http://ift.tt/2CZXA0M

Prepectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction and Postmastectomy Radiotherapy: Short-Term Outcomes

Background: Prosthetic breast reconstruction in the setting of radiotherapy is associated with poor outcomes. Until recently, prosthetic breast reconstruction was predominantly performed by placing the prosthesis in a subpectoral space. Placement of the prosthesis in a prepectoral space is currently emerging as a simpler, alternative approach to subpectoral placement. The impact of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) on prepectoral reconstruction has not yet been specifically assessed. This study compared the outcomes of patients who underwent immediate, direct-to-implant, or 2-staged, prepectoral breast reconstruction followed by PMRT with those from patients who did not receive PMRT. Methods: Patients with well-perfused skin flaps and without contraindications, including uncontrolled diabetes-mellitus, previous irradiation, and current tobacco use, were offered the prepectoral approach. Following implant or expander placement, patients underwent planned or unplanned radiotherapy. Complications after each stage of reconstruction were recorded. Results: Thirty-three patients underwent 52 breast reconstructions via the prepectoral approach. Sixty-five percentage of the breasts were irradiated, including 21% after expander and 44% after implant placement. Patients were followed for a mean of 25.1 ± 6.4 months. Complication rate in irradiated breasts was 5.9% (1 incidence of seroma and 1 incidence of wound dehiscence followed by expander removal) and 0% in nonirradiated breasts. Capsular contracture rate was 0% in both irradiated and nonirradiated breasts. Conclusions: Immediate implant-based prepectoral breast reconstruction followed by PMRT appears to be well tolerated, with no excess risk of adverse outcomes, at least in the short term. Longer follow-up is needed to better understand the risk of PMRT in prepectorally reconstructed breasts.

http://ift.tt/2mrYbOi

Detection of (Sub)Clinical Toxicity in Irradiated vs. Non-irradiated Surgically Treated Esophageal Cancer Patients: a Pilot Study (CROSS SECT)

Condition:   Thoracic Tumor
Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: CTTC scan, cardiac MRI, ECG, 6 minute walking test, echocardiogram
Sponsor:   University Medical Center Groningen
Recruiting

http://ift.tt/2EwY4I9

De-escalation of Adjuvant Radio (Chemo) Therapy for HPV-positive Head-neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Condition:   Head-and-neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Interventions:   Radiation: De-escalation radio(chemo)therapy - Level 1;   Radiation: De-escalation radio(chemo)therapy - Level 2;   Radiation: Standard radio(chemotherapy)
Sponsors:   Technische Universität Dresden;   German Cancer Consortium (DKTK);   National Centre for Tumor Diseases Dresden-Heidelberg;   Radiation Oncology Working Group of the German Cancer Society
Not yet recruiting

http://ift.tt/2FpNXWL

Myeloid Cell Reprogramming in Thyroid Carcinoma

Condition:   Thyroid Cancer
Intervention:  
Sponsor:   Radboud University
Not yet recruiting

http://ift.tt/2EwXVEB

A Study Evaluating Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Activity of RO6874281 as a Single Agent (Part A) or in Combination With Trastuzumab or Cetuximab (Part B or C)

Conditions:   Solid Tumor;   Breast Cancer;   Cancer of Head and Neck
Interventions:   Drug: RO6874281;   Drug: Trastuzumab;   Drug: Cetuximab
Sponsor:   Hoffmann-La Roche
Recruiting

http://ift.tt/2Fnoygi

Scholar : These new articles for International Journal of Rail Transportation are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for International Journal of Rail Transportation and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles A simulation platform to assess comprehensive power quality issues in electrified railways Ke Wang, Haitao Hu, Cai Chen, Zhengyou He & Lihua Chen Pages: 1-22 | DOI: 10.1080/23248378.2018.1424046 Effect of crosswinds on aerodynamic characteristics around a generic train model Izuan Amin Ishak, Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali, Mohamad Fitri Mohd Yakub & Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim Pages: 1-32 | DOI: 10.1080/23248378.2018.1424573 Browse articles in this special issue on: 'Advancements in Civil and Structural Engineering' To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Cantú syndrome with coexisting familial pituitary adenoma

Abstract

Context

Pseudoacromegaly describes conditions with an acromegaly related physical appearance without abnormalities in the growth hormone (GH) axis. Acromegaloid facies, together with hypertrichosis, are typical manifestations of Cantú syndrome.

Case description

We present a three-generation family with 5 affected members, with marked acromegaloid facies and prominent hypertrichosis, due to a novel missense variant in the ABCC9 gene. The proband, a 2-year-old girl, was referred due to marked hypertrichosis, noticed soon after birth, associated with coarsening of her facial appearance. Her endocrine assessment, including of the GH axis, was normal. The proband's father, paternal aunt, and half-sibling were referred to the Endocrine department for exclusion of acromegaly. Although the GH axis was normal in all, two subjects had clinically non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas, a feature which has not previously been associated with Cantú syndrome.

Conclusions

Activating mutations in the ABCC9 and, less commonly, KCNJ8 genes—representing the two subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel—have been linked with Cantú syndrome. Interestingly, minoxidil, a well-known ATP-sensitive potassium channel agonist, can cause a similar phenotype. There is no clear explanation why activating this channel would lead to acromegaloid features or hypertrichosis. This report raises awareness for this complex condition, especially for adult or pediatric endocrinologists who might see these patients referred for evaluation of acromegaloid features or hirsutism. The link between Cantú syndrome and pituitary adenomas is currently unclear.

http://ift.tt/2mjAYNp

Scholar : These new articles for South African Theatre Journal are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for South African Theatre Journal and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles The video way of thinking | Ben Spatz Pages: 1-9 | DOI: 10.1080/10137548.2017.1414629 Routledge Performance Archive - http://ift.tt/1txaJgs "Take a Tour" to find out more and recommend the Archive to your librarian to arrange a free trial for your institution. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Cantú syndrome with coexisting familial pituitary adenoma

Abstract

Context

Pseudoacromegaly describes conditions with an acromegaly related physical appearance without abnormalities in the growth hormone (GH) axis. Acromegaloid facies, together with hypertrichosis, are typical manifestations of Cantú syndrome.

Case description

We present a three-generation family with 5 affected members, with marked acromegaloid facies and prominent hypertrichosis, due to a novel missense variant in the ABCC9 gene. The proband, a 2-year-old girl, was referred due to marked hypertrichosis, noticed soon after birth, associated with coarsening of her facial appearance. Her endocrine assessment, including of the GH axis, was normal. The proband's father, paternal aunt, and half-sibling were referred to the Endocrine department for exclusion of acromegaly. Although the GH axis was normal in all, two subjects had clinically non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas, a feature which has not previously been associated with Cantú syndrome.

Conclusions

Activating mutations in the ABCC9 and, less commonly, KCNJ8 genes—representing the two subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel—have been linked with Cantú syndrome. Interestingly, minoxidil, a well-known ATP-sensitive potassium channel agonist, can cause a similar phenotype. There is no clear explanation why activating this channel would lead to acromegaloid features or hypertrichosis. This report raises awareness for this complex condition, especially for adult or pediatric endocrinologists who might see these patients referred for evaluation of acromegaloid features or hirsutism. The link between Cantú syndrome and pituitary adenomas is currently unclear.

http://ift.tt/2mjAYNp

Scholar : These new articles for Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction are available online

@media screen and (max-width:400px) { .two .column, .two .left, .two .right{ max-width: 100% !important; } } @media screen and (min-width: 401px) and (max-width:620px){ .two .column, .two .left, .two .right { max-width: 100% !important; } }

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Owning the end of the world: Zero K and DeLillo's post-postmodern mutation Erik Cofer Pages: 1-12 | DOI: 10.1080/00111619.2017.1412936 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Amplification of pressure waves in laser-assisted endodontics with synchronized delivery of Er:YAG laser pulses

Abstract

When attempting to clean surfaces of dental root canals with laser-induced cavitation bubbles, the resulting cavitation oscillations are significantly prolonged due to friction on the cavity walls and other factors. Consequently, the collapses are less intense and the shock waves that are usually emitted following a bubble's collapse are diminished or not present at all. A new technique of synchronized laser-pulse delivery intended to enhance the emission of shock waves from collapsed bubbles in fluid-filled endodontic canals is reported. A laser beam deflection probe, a high-speed camera, and shadow photography were used to characterize the induced photoacoustic phenomena during synchronized delivery of Er:YAG laser pulses in a confined volume of water. A shock wave enhancing technique was employed which consists of delivering a second laser pulse at a delay with regard to the first cavitation bubble-forming laser pulse. Influence of the delay between the first and second laser pulses on the generation of pressure and shock waves during the first bubble's collapse was measured for different laser pulse energies and cavity volumes. Results show that the optimal delay between the two laser pulses is strongly correlated with the cavitation bubble's oscillation period. Under optimal synchronization conditions, the growth of the second cavitation bubble was observed to accelerate the collapse of the first cavitation bubble, leading to a violent collapse, during which shock waves are emitted. Additionally, shock waves created by the accelerated collapse of the primary cavitation bubble and as well of the accompanying smaller secondary bubbles near the cavity walls were observed. The reported phenomena may have applications in improved laser cleaning of surfaces during laser-assisted dental root canal treatments.

http://ift.tt/2FtViEQ

Does biochar affect the availability and chemical fractionation of phosphate in soils?

Abstract

Biochar as a soil amendment has been reported to affect the content and availability of soil nutrients. In this study, we aimed to test whether the biochar addition to soils would change the availability and chemical fractionation of phosphate in soils. Two soils (Ultisol and Alfisol) were amended with five kinds of biochars at application rate of 0, 1, and 2% (w/w). After 3-month incubation, availability and chemical forms of P were measured to investigate the potential effect and role of biochar in improving P availability in soils. The biochars used here had a lager variation of P content, depending on their feedstocks. Compared to the untreated soils, application of biochars derived from deciduous tree leaves (DLB), reed (RB), and rice straw (RSB) significantly increased the pH of two soils. The total P content of biochar-amended soils was increased with the addition of biochars. However, only RSB exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) of total P content. Application of biochars significantly increased the NH₄Cl-extractable P content of two soils, indicating that biochars were able to increase the availability of phosphate in soils, but the amount of available P was dependent on biochar types. Ultisol and Alfisol amended with RSB (2% w/w) showed an increase in the P availability (0.5 M NaHCO₃-extractable P) by 46 and 39%, respectively. For strongly acidic Ultisol, addition of biochar significantly increased Al-P and Ca-P content, as well as decreased Fe-P content. The P desorption test indicated the release of P from soils increased with the addition of biochar. Results suggested that biochar would change the P sorption affinity of the soil and help to increase the availability of fixed P. The increase of P availability with biochar application was due to the pH change and direct P contribution from biochar. Our results concluded that biochar affected the availability, chemical forms, and sorption capability of phosphate in soil. The extent of biochar effects on soil P varied greatly with the type of feedstock of biochar and soil type.

http://ift.tt/2qOveAO

Adrenal Oncocytic Neoplasm with Paradoxical Loss of Important Mitochondrial Steroidogenic Protein: The 18 kDA Translocator Protein.

Adrenal Oncocytic Neoplasm with Paradoxical Loss of Important Mitochondrial Steroidogenic Protein: The 18 kDA Translocator Protein.

Case Rep Endocrinol. 2017;2017:6734695

Authors: Ruiz-Cordero R, Gupta A, Jayakumar AR, Ciancio G, Nielsen GP, Jorda M

Abstract
The adrenal glands produce a variety of hormones that play a key role in the regulation of blood pressure, electrolyte homeostasis, metabolism, immune system suppression, and the body's physiologic response to stress. Adrenal neoplasms can be asymptomatic or can overproduce certain hormones that lead to different clinical manifestations. Oncocytic adrenal neoplasms are infrequent tumors that arise from cells in the adrenal cortex and display a characteristic increase in the number of cytoplasmic mitochondria. Since the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis includes the transport of cholesterol across the mitochondrial membranes, in part carried out by the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), we assessed the expression of TSPO in a case of adrenal oncocytic neoplasm using residual adrenal gland of the patient as internal control. We observed a significant loss of TSPO immunofluorescence expression in the adrenal oncocytic tumor cells when compared to adjacent normal adrenal tissue. We further confirmed this finding by employing Western blot analysis to semiquantify TSPO expression in tumor and normal adrenal cells. Our findings could suggest a potential role of TSPO in the tumorigenesis of this case of adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasm.

PMID: 29318061 [PubMed]

http://ift.tt/2mjvZfT

Rare Cause of Recurrent Hypoglycemia: Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome.

Rare Cause of Recurrent Hypoglycemia: Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome.

Case Rep Endocrinol. 2017;2017:6423852

Authors: Tinmanee R, Buranagan R, Ploybutr S, Lertwattanarak R, Sriwijitkamol A

Abstract
We report a case of insulin autoimmune syndrome associated with several autoantibodies, presenting with recurrent hypoglycemia, predominantly in the postprandial period, which improved by dietary management and spontaneously resolved within two months. Differentiation from other causes of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, such as insulinoma, is important to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures or surgical interventions. The 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and mixed meal test showed a typical pattern, which may be useful indirect evidence of insulin autoimmune syndrome.

PMID: 29318060 [PubMed]

http://ift.tt/2D4z2mF

Antidepressant-Related Black Thyroid

http://ift.tt/2DkNVP4

Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism with TSH ≤10 mIU/L on glomerular filtration rate in adult women without known kidney disease

http://ift.tt/2D0Eesd

Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism with TSH ≤10 mIU/L on glomerular filtration rate in adult women without known kidney disease

http://ift.tt/2D0Eesd

Complete resorption of Veritas® in acellular dermal matrix (ADM)-assisted implant-based breast reconstructions—is there a need for tighter regulation of new products developed for use in breast reconstruction?

Abstract

Background

Veritas® collagen matrix is derived from bovine pericardium and is currently used in soft tissue and breast reconstruction. This study reports the experience of implant-based breast reconstruction using Veritas® collagen matrix in a specialist breast unit.

Methods

This case series included all consecutive patients undergoing mastectomy and implant-based reconstruction using Veritas® over an 18-month period. Demographics, risk factors, operative parameters and postoperative outcomes were recorded prospectively.

Results

Nineteen patients underwent a total of 30 breast reconstruction procedures over the study period. Of these, 57.9% (N = 11) had bilateral procedures. Breast cancer was the commonest indication. Forty percent (N = 12) had concomitant axillary surgery. Forty percent (N = 12) had two-stage reconstruction. Prophylactic antibiotics and drains were used in all cases. Median mastectomy weight was 308 g (interquartile range (IQR) 205–363 g). Median implant volume was 350 ml (IQR 275–400 ml). Twenty percent (N = 6) had minor complications within 3 months. Forty-two percent (N = 8) of patients had complete resorption of Veritas® (50%, N = 15 reconstructions) with "bottoming out" of implants requiring revision surgery. Ten percent (N = 3) developed capsular contracture following radiotherapy and 3.3% (N = 1) had implant loss due to pain following postoperative infection. Product outcomes were reported to the manufacturers.

Conclusions

Veritas® collagen matrix has a comparable immediate postoperative complication rate when compared to other acellular dermal matrix. However, the long-term resorption rate in this series is high resulting in frequent correctional surgery.

Level of Evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic study.

http://ift.tt/2mgl4Uf

Characterizing and sourcing ambient PM2.5 over key emission regions in China III: Carbon isotope based source apportionment of black carbon

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 177
Author(s): Kuangyou Yu, Zhenyu Xing, Xiaofeng Huang, Junjun Deng, August Andersson, Wenzheng Fang, Örjan Gustafsson, Jiabin Zhou, Ke Du
Regional haze over China has severe implications for air quality and regional climate. To effectively combat these effects the high uncertainties regarding the emissions from different sources needs to be reduced. In this paper, which is the third in a series on the sources of PM2.5 in pollution hotspot regions of China, we focus on the sources of black carbon aerosols (BC), using carbon isotope signatures. Four-season samples were collected at two key locations: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH, part of Northern China plain), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). We find that that fossil fuel combustion was the predominant source of BC in both BTH and PRD regions, accounting for 75 ± 5%. However, the contributions of what fossil fuel components were dominating differed significantly between BTH and PRD, and varied dramatically with seasons. Coal combustion is overall the all-important BC source in BTH, accounting for 46 ± 12% of the BC in BTH, with the maximum value (62%) found in winter. In contrast for the PRD region, liquid fossil fuel combustion (e.g., oil, diesel, and gasoline) is the dominant source of BC, with an annual mean value of 41 ± 15% and the maximum value of 55% found in winter. Region- and season-specific source apportionments are recommended to both accurately assess the climate impact of carbonaceous aerosol emissions and to effectively mitigate deteriorating air quality caused by carbonaceous aerosols.



http://ift.tt/2mq6xGh

On-site ocean horizontal aerosol extinction coefficient inversion under different weather conditions on the Bo-hai and Huang-hai Seas

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 177
Author(s): Xianjiang Zeng, Min Xia, Yinghui Ge, Wenping Guo, Kecheng Yang
In this paper, we explore the horizontal extinction characteristics under different weather conditions on the ocean surface with on-site experiments on the Bo-hai and Huang-hai Seas in the summer of 2016. An experimental lidar system is designed to collect the on-site experimental data. By aiming at the inhomogeneity and uncertainty of the horizontal aerosol in practice, a joint retrieval method is proposed to retrieve the aerosol extinction coefficients (AEC) from the raw data along the optical path. The retrieval results of both the simulated and the real signals demonstrate that the joint retrieval method is practical. Finally, the sequence observation results of the on-site experiments under different weather conditions are reported and analyzed. These results can provide the attenuation information to analyze the atmospheric aerosol characteristics on the ocean surface.



http://ift.tt/2mpQGYp

Atmospheric ammonia measurements along the coastal lines of Southeastern China: Implications for inorganic nitrogen deposition to coastal waters

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 177
Author(s): Shui-Ping Wu, Lu-Hong Dai, Ya Wei, Heng Zhu, Yin-Ju Zhang, James J. Schwab, Chung-Shin Yuan
Ambient NH3 concentrations were determined using Ogawa passive samplers along the coastal lines of southeast China from June 2015 to May 2017. Additional monitoring of PM2.5 and precipitation around Xiamen Bay during the period from November 2015 to May 2017 were carried out to estimate atmospheric inorganic nitrogen (IN) deposition to the bay. Distinct seasonal variations of ambient NH3 were observed with summer averages 1.41–5.56 times higher than winter, which agreed well with the seasonal trend of air temperature. Nitrate concentrations (pNO3^-) in PM2.5 were significantly higher than ammonium concentrations (pNH4⁺), and both species showed higher concentrations in winter and spring and lower values in summer and fall which were influenced mainly by the monsoon cycle, gas-to-particle transformation process and rain washout. Paired t-testing revealed that no significant differences of pNO3^- and pNH4⁺ between the urban and suburban sites around the Xiamen Bay. Unlike pNO3^- and pNH4⁺, there were no clear seasonal trends for NH4⁺ and NO3⁻ concentrations in precipitation samples (wNH4⁺ and wNO3^-). On average, the deposition of IN consisted of NH3-N (27.4–28.2%) and pNO3^--N (25.9–26.8%), followed by pNH4⁺-N (17.0–17.7%), wNH4⁺-N (14.5%), wNO3^--N (13.3–13.8%) and NO2-N (0.35–0.46%); and showed distinct seasonal trends with higher values in winter/spring and lower values in summer/fall. In 2016, the total IN deposition was determined to be 36.45 and 35.92 kg N ha⁻¹ at the urban and suburban sites around the Xiamen Bay, respectively. The proportion of IN deposition to total IN loads (terrestrial + atmospheric), varied over the range of 7.1–13.3% depending on the data source of riverine influx. Our observations revealed that the total IN deposition could account for 9.6–25.1% (based on primary productivity over Taiwan Strait) and 1.7–5.3% (based on primary productivity in Guangdong coastal region) of new productivity in Xiamen Bay, respectively. As an important nutrient source, the atmospheric deposition of N could have significant impacts on coastal marine ecosystems.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2mrIG96

Multi-model Analysis of Diffusion-weighted Imaging of Normal Testes at 3.0 T

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Xiangde Min, Zhaoyan Feng, Liang Wang, Jie Cai, Basen Li, Zan Ke, Peipei Zhang, Huijuan You, Xu Yan
Rationale and ObjectivesThis study aimed to establish diffusion quantitative parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], DDC, α, Dapp, and Kapp) in normal testes at 3.0 T.Materials and methodsSixty-four healthy volunteers in two age groups (A: 10–39 years; B: ≥ 40 years) underwent diffusion-weighted imaging scanning at 3.0 T. ADC1000, ADC2000, ADC3000, DDC, α, Dapp, and Kapp were calculated using the mono-exponential, stretched-exponential, and kurtosis models. The correlations between parameters and the age were analyzed. The parameters were compared between the age groups and between the right and the left testes.ResultsThe average ADC1000, ADC2000, ADC3000, DDC, α, Dapp, and Kapp values did not significantly differ between the right and the left testes (P > .05 for all). The following significant correlations were found: positive correlations between age and testicular ADC1000, ADC2000, ADC3000, DDC, and Dapp (r = 0.516, 0.518, 0.518, 0.521, and 0.516, respectively; P < .01 for all) and negative correlations between age and testicular α and Kapp (r = −0.363, −0.427, respectively; P < .01 for both). Compared to group B, in group A, ADC1000, ADC2000, ADC3000, DDC, and Dapp were significantly lower (P < .05 for all), but α and Kapp were significantly higher (P < .05 for both).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated the applicability of the testicular mono-exponential, stretched-exponential, and kurtosis models. Our results can help establish a baseline for the normal testicular parameters in these diffusion models. The contralateral normal testis can serve as a suitable reference for evaluating the abnormalities of the other side. The effect of age on these parameters requires further attention.



http://ift.tt/2mgsua3

Breast Imaging Match Highlights the Need to Unify the Approach to Fellowship

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Cory M. Pfeifer




http://ift.tt/2D0ljNp

Quantitative CT Evaluation of Small Pulmonary Vessels in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Shin Matsuoka, Akiyuki Kotoku, Tsuneo Yamashiro, Shoichiro Matsushita, Atsuko Fujikawa, Kunihiro Yagihashi, Yasuo Nakajima
Rationale and ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional area (CSA) of small pulmonary vessels and the CT obstruction index in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and the correlation between the changes in these measurements after anticoagulant therapy.Materials and MethodsFifty-two patients with acute PE were selected for this study. We measured the CSA less than 5 mm² on coronal reconstructed images to obtain the percentage of the CSA (%CSA < 5). CT angiographic index was obtained based on the Qanadli method for the evaluation of the degree of pulmonary arterial obstruction. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the initial and the follow-up values and changes in the %CSA < 5 and the CT obstruction index.ResultsThere was no significant correlation between the %CSA < 5 and CT obstruction index on both initial (ρ = −0.03, P = 0.84) and follow-up (ρ = −0.03, P = 0.82) assessments. In contrast, there was a significant negative correlation between the changes in %CSA < 5 and the CT obstruction index (ρ = −0.59, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAlthough the absolute %CSA < 5 and CT obstruction index were not significantly correlated, the changes in the values of the two parameters had a significant correlation. Changes in %CSA < 5, which can be obtained easily, can be used as biomarker of therapeutic response in patients with acute PE.



http://ift.tt/2CZh6cW

Fully Automated Segmentation of Polycystic Kidneys From Noncontrast Computed Tomography

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Dario Turco, Maddalena Valinoti, Eva Maria Martin, Carlo Tagliaferri, Francesco Scolari, Cristiana Corsi
Rationale and ObjectivesTotal kidney volume is an important biomarker for the evaluation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression. In this study, we present a novel approach for automated segmentation of polycystic kidneys from non–contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images.Materials and MethodsNon–contrast-enhanced CT images were acquired from 21 patients with a diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney volumes obtained from the fully automated method were compared to volumes obtained by manual segmentation and evaluated using linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses. Dice coefficient was used for performance evaluation.ResultsKidney volumes from the automated method well correlated with the ones obtained by manual segmentation. Bland-Altman analysis showed a low percentage bias (−0.3%) and narrow limits of agreements (11.0%). The overlap between the three-dimensional kidney surfaces obtained with our approach and by manual tracing, expressed in terms of Dice coefficient, showed good agreement (0.91 ± 0.02).ConclusionsThis preliminary study showed the proposed fully automated method for renal volume assessment is feasible, exhibiting how a correct use of biomedical image processing may allow polycystic kidney segmentation also in non–contrast-enhanced CT. Further investigation on a larger dataset is needed to confirm the robustness of the presented approach.



http://ift.tt/2mgSkum

Uterine Artery Embolization

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Timothy E. Murray, Tayyaub Mansoor, Dermot J. Bowden, Damien C. O'Neill, Michael J. Lee
Rationale and ObjectivesInvestigators aimed to assess online information describing uterine artery embolization (UAE) to examine the quality and readability of websites patients are accessing.Materials and MethodsA list of applicable, commonly used searchable terms was generated, including "Uterine Artery Embolization," "Fibroid Embolization," "Uterine Fibroid Embolization," and "Uterine Artery Embolisation." Each possible term was assessed across the five most-used English language search engines to determine the most commonly used term. The most common term was then investigated across each search engine, with the first 25 pages returned by each engine included for analysis. Duplicate pages, nontext content such as video or audio, and pages behind paywalls were excluded. Pages were analyzed for quality and readability using validated tools including DISCERN score, JAMA Benchmark Criteria, HONcode Certification, Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Gunning-Fog Index. Secondary features such as age, rank, author, and publisher were recorded.ResultsThe most common applicable term was "Uterine Artery Embolization" (492,900 results). Mean DISCERN quality of information provided by UAE websites is "fair"; however, it has declined since comparative 2012 studies. Adherence to JAMA Benchmark Criteria has reduced to 6.7%. UAE website readability remains more difficult than the World Health Organization–recommended 7–8th grade reading levels. HONcode-certified websites (35.6%) demonstrated significantly higher quality than noncertified websites.ConclusionsQuality of online UAE information remains "fair." Adherence to JAMA benchmark criteria is poor. Readability is above recommended 7–8th grade levels. HONcode certification was predictive of higher website quality, a useful guide to patients requesting additional information.



http://ift.tt/2D0lisP

Environmental pollutants, pathogens and immune system in earthworms

Abstract

Earthworms also known as farmer's friends are natural tillers of soil. They belong to Phylum Annelida and class Oligochaeta. Acid soils with organic matter and surface humus maintain the largest fauna of worms and earthworms. Due to their habitat in soil, they are constantly exposed to microbes and pollution generated by anthropogenic sources. Studies have revealed that damage of the immune system of earthworms can lead to alterations of both morphological and cellular characteristics of worms, activation of signalling pathways and can strongly influence their survival. Therefore, the understanding of the robust immune system in earthworms has become very important from the point of view of understanding its role in combating pathogens and pollutants and its role in indicating the soil pollution. In this article, we have outlined the (i) components of the immune system and (ii) their function of immunological responses on exposure to pollutants and pathogens. This study finds importance from the point of view of ecotoxicology and monitoring of earthworm health and exploring the scope of earthworm immune system components as biomarkers of pollutants and environmental toxicity. The future scope of this review remains in understanding the earthworm immunobiology and indicating strong biomarkers for pollution.

http://ift.tt/2mj8Mdt

Surveillance After Endovascular Treatment for Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury

Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): Vladimir Makaloski, Konstantinos Spanos, Jürg Schmidli, Tilo Kölbel




http://ift.tt/2FseDWD

Degradation of organics extracted from dewatered sludge by alkaline pretreatment in microbial electrolysis cell

Abstract

Waste activated sludge in China are mostly subjected to dewatering process before final disposal without stabilization. This study investigated the feasibility of organics degradation and H₂ production from non-stabilized dewatered sludge (DS) by microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Alkaline pretreatment was used to disintegrate sludge matrix and solubilize organic matters in DS. Then, the treatment performance of DS supernatant in a single-chamber MEC at various applied voltages was investigated. The COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate increased with increasing voltage, which ranged from 26.35 to 44.92% at 0.5–0.9 V. The average coulombic efficiency was 75.6%, while the cathodic hydrogen recovery was not satisfied (15.56–20.05%) with H₂ production rates of 0.027–0.038 m³ H₂/(m³ day). The reasons could be ascribed to the complexity of the substrate, H₂ loss, and the confinement of configuration in scale-up. The organic matter degradation was influenced by the composition of DS. The carbohydrates could be readily used; meanwhile, the major component of the DS supernatant, i.e. proteins, was difficult to be utilized, which resulted from the low biodegradability of the transphilic fractions during the MEC operation.

http://ift.tt/2mpJlrH

Scholar : ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙΤΙΣ - νέα αποτελέσματ

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in HIV (+) Patients from 1998 to 2012: A Nationwide Analysis

K Mehta, A Im, F Rahman, H Wang, P Veldkamp - Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2018

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Ethnomedicinal, Toxicity and Pharmacological study of Abrus precatorious: A Critical Review

DNS Gautam - Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2017

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SS Gao, IS Zhao, S Duffin, D Duangthip, ECM Lo… - International Journal of …, 2018

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Y Liu, C Yue, J Li, J Wu, S Wang, D Sun, Y Guo, Z Lin… - Oncology Letters

… The concurrent chemo‑ therapy of cisplatin (30 mg/m2) and docetaxel (40 mg/m2) and external
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Therapeutic Targets of FDA-Approved Immunotherapies in Oncology

SN Markovic, AB Kumar - The Basics of Cancer Immunotherapy, 2018

A healthy individual is capable of identifying a foreign antigen and generating
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Z GÜNEŞ

… Patients are offered active share in their own care. Key Words: Stomatitis, chemoterapy,
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