Scholar : Decannulation - νέα αποτελέσματα

Patient Factors Enabling the Decannulation of the Gastrostomy Tube after Superselective Intra-Arterial Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Oral Cancer-A …

Y Honda, T Kessoku, A Kusakabe, T Matsuura… - Gan to kagaku ryoho …, 2018

Abstract Superselective intra-arterial chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced
oral cancer induces complications such as mucositis, which impedes oral intake.
Thus, at our hospital, a gastrostomy is performed in almost all patients during the …

 

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Scholar : Laryngomalacia - νέα αποτελέσματα

[HTML] A novel mutation in the NAGLU gene associated with Sanfilippo syndrome type B (mucopolysaccharidosis III B)

D Hettiarachchi, N Nethikumara, BAPS Pathirana… - Clinical Case Reports, 2018

… 1 and 2). Her investigations showed marked elevation in a- N-
acetylglucosaminidase levels, laryngomalacia, pseudoe- sotropia,
plagiocephaly, left pulmonary artery origin stenosis, bilaterally small SVC …

 

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Talaromyces pinophilus strain AUN-1 as a novel mycoparasite of Botrytis cinerea, the pathogen of onion scape and umbel blights

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Microbiological Research
Author(s): Ismail R. Abdel-Rahim, Kamal A.M. Abo-Elyousr
This study aimed to investigate the mycoparasitism of Botrytis cinerea, the pathogen of scape and umbel blights of onion seed crops, by endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus. The dual culture test showed that the antagonistic potentiality of T. pinophilus against B. cinerea depend on the mycoparasitism that was morphologically detected by the formation of mycelial overgrowth. Moreover, the light micrograph of the mycelia at the contact zone exhibited that the hyphae of T. pinophilus penetrated and grew intracellularly inside the hyphae of B. cinerea. A more illustrative figure of the establishment of coiled hyphae as well as the conformation of the penetration process was assayed by SEM and TEM analyses. SEM micrograph revealed that the hyphae of T. pinophilus grew along hyphae of B. cinerea, attached, coiled around the host hypha and generated pseudoappressorium. A clear disintegration of cell wall of the host hypha was observed at the penetration site. The micrographs of TEM exhibited the ability of T. pinophilus to produce pseudoappressorium, penetrate and then entere a hypha of B. cinerea causing distinct cytoplasmic disorganization. High activities of cell wall degrading enzymes (chitinase, lipase and protease) involved in the mycoparasitism were evaluated by the endophytic T. pinophilus. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the endophytic T. pinophilus may be a promising biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi instead of chemical fungicides.

Graphical abstract

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Induction TNX Plus Concurrent Nedaplatin-RT Versus Induction TPF Plus Concurrent Cisplatin-RT in NPC

Condition:   Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Interventions:   Drug: docetaxel, nedaplatin, and capecitabine;   Drug: concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin;   Drug: docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil;   Drug: concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin
Sponsors:   Sun Yat-sen University;   Tongji Hospital;   Wuhan Union Hospital, China;   Peking University;   Fourth Military Medical University;   Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University;   The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University;   First People's Hospital of Foshan;   Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University;   Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Province;   Xiangya Hospital of Central South University;   Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital;   Henan Cancer Hospital;   Hunan Cancer Hospital;   Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
Not yet recruiting

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iNKT cells ameliorate human autoimmunity: Lessons from alopecia areata

Publication date: Available online 18 April 2018
Source:Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Amal Ghraieb, Aviad Keren, Alex Ginzburg, Yehuda Ullmann, Adam G. Schrum, Ralf Paus, Amos Gilhar
Alopecia areata (AA) is understood to be a CD8+/NKG2D+ T cell-dependent autoimmune disease. Here, we demonstrate that human AA pathogenesis of is also affected by iNKT10 cells, an unconventional T cell subtype whose number is significantly increased in AA compared to healthy human skin. AA lesions can be rapidly induced in healthy human scalp skin xenotransplants on Beige-SCID mice by intradermal injections of autologous healthy-donor PBMCs pre-activated with IL-2. We show that in this in vivo model, the development of AA lesions is prevented by recognized the iNKT cell activator, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which stimulates iNKT cells to expand and produce IL-10. Moreover, in pre-established humanized mouse AA lesions, hair regrowth is promoted by α-GalCer treatment through a process requiring both effector-memory iNKT cells, which can interact directly with CD8+/NKG2D+ T cells, and IL-10. This provides the first in vivo evidence in a humanized model of autoimmune disease that iNKT10 cells are key disease-protective lymphocytes. Since these regulatory NKT cells can both prevent the development of AA lesions and promote hair re-growth in established AA lesions, targeting iNKT10 cells may have preventive and therapeutic potential also in other autoimmune disorders related to AA.



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Scholar : These new articles for African Security Review are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for African Security Review and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Features Artisanal small-scale opal mining (ASOM) insecurity in the Delanta wereda, Ethiopia: The shifting landscape of multidimensional insecurity in the face of emergent ASOM wealth Muauz Gidey Alemu Pages: 1-27 | DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2017.1294094 Do you have original research that relates to present-day Japan and its recent historical development? Contemporary Japan welcomes your submissions. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

A systematic review of strategies for reducing missed opportunities for vaccination

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Anelisa Jaca, Lindi Mathebula, Arthur Iweze, Elizabeth Pienaar, Charles S. Wiysonge
BackgroundMissed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs) occur when persons eligible for vaccination visit a health facility and do not get the vaccines they need. We conducted a systematic review to assess effects of interventions for reducing MOVs.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in April 2017. Three authors independently screened search outputs, reviewed potentially eligible papers, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data; resolving disagreements by consensus. We expressed study results as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.ResultsSix studies (five trials and one cohort study) met our inclusion criteria, all conducted in the United States of America. All six studies had various limitations and were classified as having a high risk of bias. We found moderate certainty evidence that the following interventions probably improve vaccination coverage: patient education (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.38–2.68), patient tracking using community health workers (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.25), and patient tracking and provider prompts (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.18–1.31). In addition, we found low certainty evidence that concurrent interventions targeting health-facility (education, prompts, and audit and feedback) and family settings (phone calls) may increase vaccination coverage (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08–1.46).ConclusionsThe currently available evidence suggests that patient education, patient tracking, outreach sessions, and provider prompts reduce missed opportunities for vaccination and improve vaccination coverage. Rigorous studies are required to confirm these findings and increase the certainty of the current evidence base. WHO is currently coordinating efforts to generate such evidence, especially from low-income and middle-income countries, and it is likely that the data will be available in the next few years.



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Biological feasibility and importance of a gonorrhea vaccine for global public health

Publication date: Available online 18 April 2018
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Leah R. Vincent, Ann E. Jerse
There is a growing public health interest in controlling sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through vaccination due to increasing recognition of the global disease burden of STIs and the role of STIs in women's reproductive health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the health and well-being of neonates. Neisseria gonorrhoeae has historically challenged vaccine development through the expression of phase and antigenically variable surface molecules and its capacity to cause repeated infections without inducing protective immunity. An estimated 78 million new N. gonorrhoeae infections occur annually and the greatest disease burden is carried by low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Current control measures are clearly inadequate and threatened by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance. The gonococcus now holds the status of "super-bug" as there is currently no single reliable monotherapy for empirical treatment of gonorrhea. The problem of antibiotic resistance has elevated treatment costs and necessitated the establishment of large surveillance programs to track the spread of resistant strains. Here we review the need for a gonorrhea vaccine with respect to global disease burden and related socioeconomic and treatment costs, with an emphasis on the impact of gonorrhea on women and newborns. We also highlight the challenge of estimating the impact of a gonorrhea vaccine due to the need for more data on the burden of gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease and related sequelae and of gonorrhea-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes and the problem of empirical diagnosis and treatment of STIs in LMIC. There is also a lack of clinical and basic science research in the area of gonococcal/chlamydia coinfection, which occurs in a high percentage of individuals with gonorrhea and should be considered when testing the efficacy of gonorrhea vaccines. Finally, we review recent research that suggests a gonorrhea vaccine is feasible and discuss challenges and research gaps in gonorrhea vaccine development.



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Responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine in children vaccinated previously with Pandemrix (ASO3B adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1pdm09)

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Katja Höschler, Jo Southern, Catherine Thompson, Fiona Warburton, Nick J. Andrews, Elizabeth Miller, Maria Zambon
BackgroundWe report a phase III/IV open-label study on the immunogenicity of a single dose of a Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) (Fluenz™) in children naïve to, or in previous receipt of, AS03B adjuvanted A/H1N1pdm09 influenza vaccine (Pandemrix™), to investigate whether early exposure to an adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine impacts on subsequent response to quadrivalent LAIV (qLAIV).Method and findingsEligible children were enrolled to receive qLAIV and stratified according to previous Pandemrix™ vaccination. Functional antibody for the vaccine strains were analysed using Haemagglutination Inhibition (HAI); in addition antibodies to the A/H1N1pdm09 strain were measured by Neuraminidase Antibody Inhibition (NAI) and neutralisation assays. Fourfold titre increases by HAI were observed for 39% (95% confidence interval 33–46%) and 43% (37–51%) of subjects for the two influenza B vaccine strains and 8% (5–13%) for the A/H3N2 strain with no significant differences between the Pandemrix™ naïve or previously vaccinated groups in antibody tites pre- or post-vaccination or seroconversion rates. In both groups, the response to the qLAIV A/H1N1pdm09 component was barely detectable, overall HAI seroconversion rate 1.8% (0.5–4.7%). Previous receipt of Pandemrix™ was associated with significantly higher levels of A/H1N1pdm09 neutralising antibody, but decreased NAI titres pre-vaccination, with the differences maintained post-vaccination.ConclusionPrevious receipt of Pandemrix™ has had a significant impact on the influenza immune status of children several years later. Higher levels of neutralising antibody to A/H1N1pdm09 pre- and post-vaccination, but significantly lower levels of antibody to NA, were observed compared with Pandemrix™-naïve children, while responses to influenza B and A/H3N2 and antibody levels prior to vaccination were similar in both groups. This suggests that early vaccination with a powerful adjuvant maintains functional immunity for several years, which prevents natural infection. Alternatively, the AS03B adjuvant may have re-directed the immune response, with focus towards viral HA and away from viral NA.



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Inactivated influenza vaccine stress can affect in vitro potency assay relationship to immunogenicity

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Yingxia Wen, Giuseppe Palladino, Yuhong Xie, Annette Ferrari, Ethan C. Settembre
Influenza vaccines are the most effective intervention to prevent the substantial public health burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza. The capability of hemagglutinin (HA), the main antigen in inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs), to elicit functional neutralizing antibodies determines IIV effectiveness. When HA is subjected to environmental stress during manufacturing or while stored prior to administration, such as low pH and temperature excursions, the HA immunological activity can be affected. Single-radial immunodiffusion (SRID), the standard in vitro potency assay for IIVs, is believed to specifically detect immunologically active HA and has been applied to evaluate HA stability against stress. Here we report that transient low pH treatment and freeze/thaw cycles with HA in PBS abolish SRID-quantified in vitro potency for all HAs of multiple influenza strains. Raised temperature substantially decreases in vitro potency with more extensive HA structural changes. Chemical stress and mechanical stress moderately change SRID in vitro potency values in a strain-dependent manner. Trypsin digestion, which selectively degrades stressed HA, followed by RP-HPLC quantification as a candidate alternative in vitro potency assay yields results comparable to SRID. Mouse immunogenicity studies confirm that HA stressed by transient low pH treatment does not elicit functional antibodies in vivo, nor does it have a measureable SRID value. However, HA stressed by raised temperature elicits high titers of functional antibodies in vivo despite substantial loss of SRID in vitro potency. This discrepancy between SRID in vitro potency and vaccine immunogenicity suggests that SRID may not reliably indicate IIV potency under all conditions. Further efforts to develop alternate potency assays that can better predict in vivo immunogenicity should continue along with additional studies exploring HA conformation, SRID values and consequent immunogenicity.



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Scholar : These new articles for African Journal of AIDS Research are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for African Journal of AIDS Research and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Online First Articles Perceived HIV-related stigma among university students in South Africa: implications for HIV testing Firoza Haffejee, Brendan Maughan-Brown, Thulasizwe Buthelezi & Ayesha B M Kharsany Pages: 1-9 | DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2018.1439512 Do you have original research that relates to present-day Japan and its recent historical development? Contemporary Japan welcomes your submissions. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Are there distinct forms of accelerated forgetting and, if so, why?

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Andrew R. Mayes, Nicola M. Hunkin, Claire Isaac, Nils Muhlert
Whether accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) and classic organic amnesia, particularly hippocampal-amnesia, differ qualitatively or merely quantitatively is disputed. Qualitative difference accounts postulate that ALF patients show normal recall memory for at least minutes, during which hippocampal-amnesics already show accelerated forgetting and impaired recall but, thereafter, ALF patients show accelerated forgetting and impaired delayed recall. These delayed impairments may be more severe than those shown by hippocampal-amnesics. In contrast, quantitative difference accounts postulate that ALF patients merely have mild hippocampal-amnesia, so their later forgetting rates and recall levels are sub-normal but always better than those of hippocampal-amnesics with worse initial recall levels (i.e., there is no cross-over in forgetting rates at longer delays). Many ALF studies in people with epilepsy have demonstrated evidence of a single dissociation – with accelerated delayed forgetting relative to healthy controls. Even when initial recall seems genuinely normal, uncompromised by patients needing more learning trials or showing below-average performance on more demanding recall tests, without further evidence, a quantitative interpretation remains possible. Resolution of the dispute requires evidence of a double dissociation between ALF patients and hippocampal-amnesics with more impaired initial recall in a comparison also involving matched controls. The only two studies that have made this comparison found that there was a cross-over interaction between initial and delayed recall in the ALF and amnesic patients, inconsistent with quantitative difference accounts. The functional and pathological conditions underlying this cross-over effect need to be systematically explored, controlling for potential methodological confounds, in temporal lobe epilepsy and transient epileptic amnesia as well as non-epileptic conditions. Future research must also explore under what conditions, if any, milder hippocampal-amnesics show relatively normal delayed forgetting of recall, and for how long, if at all, ALF patients show completely normal recall. Relatedly, the functional and pathological heterogeneity of ALF needs systematic exploration.



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Age and Alzheimer’s pathology disrupt default mode network functioning via alterations in white matter microstructure but not hyperintensities

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Christopher A. Brown, Yang Jiang, Charles D. Smith, Brian T. Gold
The default mode network (DMN) comprises defined brain regions contributing to internally-directed thought processes. Reductions in task-induced deactivation in the DMN have been associated with increasing age and poorer executive task performance, but factors underlying these functional changes remain unclear. We investigated contributions of white matter (WM) microstructure, WM hyperintensities (WMH) and Alzheimer's pathology to age-related alterations in DMN function. Thirty-five cognitively normal older adults and 29 younger adults underwent working memory task fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. In the older adults, we measured cerebrospinal fluid tau and Aβ42 (markers of AD pathology), and WMH on FLAIR imaging (marker of cerebrovascular disease). We identified a set of regions showing DMN deactivation and a set of inter-connecting WM tracts (DMN-WM) common to both age groups. There were negative associations between DMN deactivation and task performance in older adults, consistent with previous studies. Decreased DMN deactivation was associated with AD pathology and WM microstructure but not with WMH volume. Mediation analyses showed that WM microstructure mediated declines in DMN deactivation associated with both aging and AD pathology. Together these results suggest that AD pathology may exert a "second-hit" on WM microstructure, over-and-above the effects of age, both contributing to diminished DMN deactivation in older adults.



https://ift.tt/2qEv2BN

Total saponins of Albiziae Cortex show anti-hepatoma carcinoma effects by inducing S phase arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway activation

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 221
Author(s): Yi Qian, Qing-Hua Han, Li-Chao Wang, Qiang Guo, Xu-Da Wang, Peng-Fei Tu, Ke-Wu Zeng, Hong Liang
Ethnopharmacological relevanceAlbiziae Cortex (AC) is a widely used traditional medicine in China. It is possess various properties to treat insomnia, traumatic injuries, diuresis, sthenia, and confusion. Total saponins of Albiziae Cortex (TSAC) are the most abundant bioactive components of AC, which were reported to show significant anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro. But the underlying mechanism of TSAC remained to be revealed.Aim of studyIn this study, we investigated the anti-hepatoma carcinoma effects and the potential mechanism of TSAC in vivo and in vitro.Materials and methodsWe first purified TSAC from crude extracts and characterized the major bioactive compounds by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Effects of TSAC on viability of various hepatoma carcinoma cell lines were measured by MTT. Inhibition on cell proliferation was analysed using colony formation assay. Cell cycle distribution was revealed by flow cytometry. The apoptotic cells were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining and acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) double staining. Microstructures of apoptotic cells were examined by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by JC-1 staining. Western blot was used to investigate the effects of TSAC on apoptosis-related proteins, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and S-phase related protein cyclin A, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (CDK2). Effects on tumor growth was assessed by H22-bearing ICR mice.ResultsTSAC significantly decreased the hepatoma carcinoma cell viability and inhibited HepG2 cell colony formation in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that TSAC inhibited HepG2 cell growth via induction of S phase arrest. Further study showed that TSAC significantly down-regulated the expressions of cyclin A, cyclin E and CDK2 in HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, TSAC could effectively induce mitochondria-dependent caspase apoptosis pathway activation. Furthermore, TSAC increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In vivo assay showed that the anti-tumor effects of TSAC were significantly augmented without increasing toxicity in H22-bearing ICR mice.ConclusionTSAC could inhibit cell proliferation through inducing S phase arrest and activate cell apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Therefore, TSAC could be a promising agent in clinical trials for anti-hepatoma carcinoma treatment.

Graphical abstract

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Use of microreactors and freeze-drying in the manufacturing process of chitosan coated PCL nanoparticles

Publication date: 1 July 2018
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 119
Author(s): Tereza Zelenková, Renée Onnainty, Gladys Ester Granero, Antonello A. Barresi, Davide Fissore
This paper is focused on the synthesis of chitosan-coated polycaprolactone nanoparticles in microreactors and on the freeze-drying of the nanosuspension, to separate the particles from the liquid phase. Nanoparticles were produced in the confined impinging jets mixer (CIJM) and in the multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM), using the solvent displacement method, with acetone or tert-butanol (TBA) as polymer solvent. The study was initially carried out considering a feed flow rate of 80 ml min⁻¹: using acetone, the mean particle size was lower (163 ± 7 nm) and the Zeta potential was higher (31.4 ± 37 mV) with the MIVM, with respect to the CIJM (265 ± 31 nm and 9.8 ± 2.4 mV, respectively). Slightly larger particles were obtained using TBA in the MIVM (mean diameter: 221 ± 44 nm): in this case it is no longer required removing the solvent before the freeze-drying stage. The effect of the liquid flow rate was then investigated, confirming that the best results were obtained at 80 ml min⁻¹. With respect to the freeze-drying process, the effect of lyoprotectants and of steric stabilizers on particle stability was investigated. Best results were obtained with 5% sucrose and 2.5% Poloxamer 388 (mean diameter: 306 ± 8 nm); in all cases Zeta potential remained positive and larger than +30 mV. Preliminary results about the encapsulation of a test drug, ciprofloxacin, are also shown and discussed.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2JXW4vV

Scholar : These new articles for Critical Inquiry in Language Studies are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Critical Inquiry in Language Studies and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Anatomizing and extrapolating from "Do Not Publish" as oppression, silencing, and denial Glenn Toh Pages: 1-24 | DOI: 10.1080/15427587.2018.1460846 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor have superior anti-tumor effects through anti-EGFRs and targeted anti-angiogenic activities

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 171
Author(s): Dae Hee Lee, Myeong Youl Lee, Youngsuk Seo, Hyo Jeong Hong, Hyun Joo An, Jong Soon Kang, Ho Min Kim
Limitation of current anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) cancer therapy is transitory responses, inevitable relapses and its insufficient tumor-targeting. Thus, multifaceted approaches, including the development of bispecific antibodies and combination strategies targeting different pathways have been proposed as an alternative. Here, we developed a novel multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor, Cetuximab-VEGF-Grab and Trastuzumab-VEGF-Grab, by genetically fusing VEGF decoy receptor (VEGF-Grab) to a single chain Fv of anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) antibody (Cetuximab and Trastuzumab). These multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor, which recognize VEGF and EGFR family (EGFR or HER2), effectively suppressed both VEGF and EGFR pathways in vitro, to levels similar to those of the parental VEGF-Grab and anti-EGFR antibodies. In addition, the concurrent binding of multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor to VEGF and EGFR family enabled their specific localization to EGFR + tumor in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Cetuximab-VEGF-Grab and Trastuzumab-VEGF-Grab exhibited the enhanced anti-tumor activities compared to VEGF-Grab in EGFR + tumor xenograft mouse model via anti-EGFR and the targeted anti-angiogenic activities. These results indicate that multi-paratopic VEGF decoy receptor can be a promising agent, combining tumor-targeted anti-angiogenic therapy with efficient blockade of proliferative signals mediated by EGFR family.



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Editorial Board

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 169





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Scholar : Contemporary Music Review, Volume 36, Issue 6, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Contemporary Music Review, Volume 36, Issue 6, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. Timbre This new issue contains the following articles: Introduction Agency, Aporia, Approaches: How Does Musicology Solve a Problem Like Timbre? Isabella van Elferen Pages: 483-487 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2017.1452685 Articles Hues, Tints, Tones, and Shades: Timbre as Colour in the Music of Rebecca Saunders Eva McMullan-Glossop Pages: 488-529 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2017.1452697 Depending on Timbre Anthony Gritten Pages: 530-543 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2018.1426905 Performative Sounds: The Threatening Touch of Timbre Benjamin Vogels Pages: 544-561 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2018.1427185 The 'Real' Me: Practical Application of Research into the Perception of Vocal Timbre Susan Yarnall Pages: 562-579 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2018.1427186 Lachenmann's Complex Musical Aspects: Timbre as Interiority or Utopia of Communication? David Michael McCarthy Pages: 580-589 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2018.1427196 The Sound's Remains: Some Thoughts on Harrison Birtwistle's Orpheus Elegies (2004) or: Timbre from Kant to Hegel Mauro Fosco Bertola Pages: 590-613 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2018.1427189 Drastic Allure: Timbre Between the Sublime and the Grain Isabella van Elferen Pages: 614-632 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2017.1452687 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Contemporary Music Review are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Contemporary Music Review and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Twenty Years of Japanese Electroacoustic Music: Trends in 1990s and JSEM Mikako Mizuno Pages: 1-16 | DOI: 10.1080/07494467.2018.1453330 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

The role of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in the management of patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer: A single center experience

Publication date: Available online 18 April 2018
Source:Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute
Author(s): Ayman Zaki Azzam, Ahmed Alqarni, Tarek Mahmoud Amin
BackgroundIn spite of the advances in modern surgery, the outcome for patients suffering from pancreatic adenocarcinoma or periampullary adenocarcinoma is still bad. Recently, introperative radiotherapy (IORT) was introduced into the multimodality management approach to improve both tumor control and patient' survival.Aim of workTo evaluate our initial experience in combined surgical resection and IORT, and to evaluate the feasibility of the application of IORT and its effect on morbidity, mortality and local recurrence.Patients and methodsThis study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected retrospectively. A total of six patients were included in the study, during the period from November 2013 to April 2017. All surgeries were done by the same surgeon.ResultsThe average age was 60 years (50–71). The patients were four males and two females. Five patients underwent complete surgical resection (pancreaticoduodenectomy) combined with IORT. One patient had locally advanced pancreatic tumor which was beyond surgical resection, for whom surgical bypass was done to overcome the biliary obstruction combined with IORT. Two patients died from disease progression and liver metastases. The remaining four patients survived without any evidence of local recurrence or metastases on follow-up.ConclusionApplication of IORT is safe and feasible. It can be applied without additional morbidities or mortalities. Although our results are satisfactory, yet they need to be applied on a larger number of patients with longer periods of follow-up to reach sound conclusions.



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Scholar : These new articles for Asian Security are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Asian Security and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Parallel governance and political order in contested territory: Evidence from the Indo-Naga ceasefire Shalaka Thakur & Rajesh Venugopal Pages: 1-19 | DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2018.1455185 Do you have original research that relates to present-day Japan and its recent historical development? Contemporary Japan welcomes your submissions. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

The risk of immune-related endocrine disorders associated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors therapy for solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: June 2018
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 59
Author(s): Qiang Su, Xiao-chen Zhang, Di-ya Wang, Huai-rong Zhang, Cheng Zhu, Yan-li Hou, Jun-li Liu, Zu-hua Gao
BackgroundWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of immune-related endocrine disorders associated with PD-1 inhibitors therapy for solid tumors.MethodsAn Embase and PubMed search through December 6, 2017, using the following keywords was performed: immune-related endocrine disorders, and PD-1 inhibitors, etc. The data were analyzed using R 3.4.3 (R Project) and the metafor package. Patients treated with chemotherapy alone were used as control for the purpose of comparison.ResultsA total of 12 clinical trials including 5577 patients were found eligible for the meta-analysis. Compared with chemotherapy, the risk ratios of all-grade endocrine disorders are 13.89, (95% CI: 5.35–36.05, p < 0.001) for nivolumab therapy, and 9.85, (95% CI: 5.65–17.17, p < 0.001) for pembrolizumab therapy. The risk of all-grade hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism incidence was increased for nivolumab therapy (hypothyroidism: RR 10.07, 95% CI: 3.37–30.11, p < 0.001; hyperthyroidism: RR 4.29, 95% CI: 1.13–16.30, p = 0.034) and for pembrolizumab therapy (hypothyroidism: RR 7.73, 95% CI: 3.86–15.49, p < 0.001; hyperthyroidism: RR 5.09, 95% CI: 2.36–10.97, p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in the risk of grade 1–5 endocrine disorders incidence for ipilimumab-nivolumab combination therapy (versus ipilimumab, RR 3.20, 95% CI: 2.08–4.91, p < 0.001; versus nivolumab, RR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.70–3.80, p < 0.001).ConclusionsBoth nivolumab and pembrolizumab therapy could result in a higher risk of all-grade immune-related endocrine disorders than chemotherapy. Nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy could result in an even higher risk of all-grade immune-related endocrine disorders than ipilimumab or nivolumab alone. Awareness of these side effects could guide clinicians to better manage the patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors therapy for solid tumors.



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Rutin and rutin-conjugated gold nanoparticles ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis in rats through inhibition of NF-κB and iNOS activation

Publication date: June 2018
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 59
Author(s): Anum Gul, Bimal Kunwar, Maryam Mazhar, Shaheen Faizi, Dania Ahmed, Muhammad Raza Shah, Shabana U. Simjee
Numerous studies have suggested that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are important mediators of inflammatory response in human and animal models of arthritis. Besides, oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide (NO) and peroxide (PO) are also major contributors in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Over expression of these inflammatory mediators leads to the extracellular matrix degradation, and excessive cartilage and bone resorption, ultimately leading to the irreversible damage to joints. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-arthritic mechanism of bioflavonoids, rutin and rutin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (R-AuNPs) by determining their role in the modulation of NF-κB and iNOS expression in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of rats. Arthritis was induced by the subcutaneous administration of bovine type II collagen. Treatment was started with rutin, indomethacin + rutin (I + R) and R-AuNPs on the day of CIA induction. The severity of arthritis was determined by measuring the arthritic score on alternate days until mean arthritic score of 4 was observed. The NO and PO levels were also analyzed in serum samples. NF-κB and iNOS expression levels were determined in spleen tissue samples by real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Marked reduction in the arthritic score as well as in the NO and PO levels was observed in the treated groups. A significant downregulation in the NF-κB and iNOS expression levels was also observed in the treatment groups compared to the arthritic control group. Collectively, the findings suggest potential clinical role of rutin and R-AuNPs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.



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B7-H6 expression is induced by lipopolysaccharide and facilitates cancer invasion and metastasis in human gliomas

Publication date: June 2018
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 59
Author(s): Fengyuan Che, Xiaoli Xie, Long Wang, Quanping Su, Feiyu Jia, Yufu Ye, Lanlan Zang, Jing Wang, Hongyan Li, Yanchun Quan, Cuiping You, Jiawei Yin, Zhiqiang Wang, Gen Li, Yifeng Du, Lijuan Wang
Although great progress has been made in treatment regimens, gliomas are still incurable and the 5-year survival remains poor. Studies focusing on molecules that regulate tumorigenesis or tumor immunity may provide potential therapeutic strategies for patients with glioma. B7-H6 is selectively expressed in tumor cells and plays vital roles in host immune responses. In this study, we demonstrated that B7-H6 was expressed in glioma cell lines, including CRT, U251, SHG-44, SF-295, TG-905 and U373, and tumor tissues isolated from glioma patients. Moreover, the expression levels of B7-H6 were significantly correlated with glioma grade. Previous studies reported that inflammatory mediators and cytokines induced the expression of B7 family members including programmed death-ligand 1, B7-H2 and B7-H4. Therefore, we explored the regulation of B7-H6 expression in gliomas and showed that lipopolysaccharide induced the expression of B7-H6 in glioma cells. To further analyze the roles of B7-H6 in gliomas, the expression of B7-H6 in glioma cells was knocked down. The results of cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell migration and invasion assays demonstrated that the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells were inhibited after knocking down B7-H6. To elucidate the specific mechanisms of B7-H6 function in cancer progression, we examined the expression levels of proteins involved in cell apoptosis, migration and invasion. We demonstrated that the expression levels of E-cadherin and Bcl-2 associated X protein increased, and the expression levels of vimentin, N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and survivin decreased after knocking down B7-H6. In conclusion, B7-H6 plays important roles in glioma, and targeting B7-H6 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma patients.



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Anti-inflammatory effect of Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone via inhibition of MAPKs and NF-kB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish model

Publication date: June 2018
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 59
Author(s): Eun-A Kim, Seo-Young Kim, Bo-Ram Ye, Junseong Kim, Seok-Chun Ko, Won Woo Lee, Kil-Nam Kim, Il-Whan Choi, Won-Kyo Jung, Soo-Jin Heo
In this study, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of Apo-9-fucoxanthinone (AF) in in vitro RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo zebrafish model. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish, AF significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cell death. In addition, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and an inflammatory cytokines; IL-1β, TNF-α were shown reduction. And AF significantly inhibited NO production and expression of iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further, AF suppressed COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Further mechanistic studies showed that AF suppressed the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway molecules such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). According to the results, AF can be used and applied as a useful anti-inflammatory agent of nutraceutical or pharmaceutical.



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A Separable Two-Dimensional Random Field Model of Binary Response Data from Multi-Day Behavioral Experiments

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Author(s): Noa Malem-Shinitski, Yingzhuo Zhang, Daniel T Gray, Sara N Burke, Anne C Smith, Carol A Barnes, Demba Ba
BackgroundThe study of learning in populations of subjects can provide insights into the changes that occur in the brain with aging, drug intervention, and psychiatric disease.New MethodWe introduce a separable two-dimensional (2D) random field (RF) model for analyzing binary response data acquired during the learning of object-reward associations across multiple days. The method can quantify the variability of performance within a day and across days, and can capture abrupt changes in learning.ResultsWe apply the method to data from young and aged macaque monkeys performing a reversal-learning task. The method provides an estimate of performance within a day for each age group, and a learning rate across days for each monkey. We find that, as a group, the older monkeys require more trials to learn the object discriminations than do the young monkeys, and that the cognitive flexibility of the younger group is higher. We also use the model estimates of performance as features for clustering the monkeys into two groups. The clustering results in two groups that, for the most part, coincide with those formed by the age groups. Simulation studies suggest that clustering captures inter-individual differences in performance levels.Comparison with Existing Method(s)In comparison with generalized linear models, this method is better able to capture the inherent two-dimensional nature of the data and find between group differences.ConclusionsApplied to binary response data from groups of individuals performing multi-day behavioral experiments, the model discriminates between-group differences and identifies subgroups.



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PC-PVT 2.0: An updated platform for psychomotor vigilance task testing, analysis, prediction, and visualization

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Author(s): Jaques Reifman, Kamal Kumar, Maxim Y. Khitrov, Jianbo Liu, Sridhar Ramakrishnan
BackgroundThe psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) has been widely used to assess the effects of sleep deprivation on human neurobehavioral performance. To facilitate research in this field, we previously developed the PC-PVT, a freely available software system analogous to the "gold-standard" PVT-192 that, in addition to allowing for simple visual reaction time (RT) tests, also allows for near real-time PVT analysis, predictions, and visualization in a personal computer (PC).New MethodHere we present the PC-PVT 2.0 for Windows 10 operating system, which has the capability to couple PVT tests of a study protocol with the study's sleep/wake and caffeine schedules, and make real-time individualized predictions of PVT performance for such schedules. We characterized the accuracy and precision of the software in measuring RT, using 44 distinct combinations of PC hardware system configurations.ResultsWe found that 15 system configurations measured RTs with an average delay of less than 10 ms, an error comparable to that of the PVT-192. To achieve such small delays, the system configuration should always use a gaming mouse as the means to respond to visual stimuli. We recommend using a discrete graphical processing unit for desktop PCs and an external monitor for laptop PCs.Comparison with Existing MethodThis update integrates a study's sleep-wake/caffeine schedules with the testing software, facilitating testing and outcome visualization, and provides near-real-time individualized PVT predictions for any sleep-loss condition considering caffeine effects.ConclusionsThe software, with its enhanced PVT analysis, visualization, and prediction capabilities, can be freely downloaded from https://pcpvt.bhsai.org.



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Editorial board

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Microbes and Infection, Volume 20, Issue 4





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Dissecting host cell death programs in the pathogenesis of influenza

Publication date: Available online 18 April 2018
Source:Microbes and Infection
Author(s): Jeffrey Downey, Erwan Pernet, François Coulombe, Maziar Divangahi
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a pulmonary pathogen, responsible for significant yearly morbidity and mortality. Due to the absence of highly effective antiviral therapies and vaccine, as well as the constant threat of an emerging pandemic strain, there is considerable need to better understand the host-pathogen interactions and the factors that dictate a protective versus detrimental immune response to IAV. Even though evidence of IAV-induced cell death in human pulmonary epithelial and immune cells has been observed for almost a century, very little is known about the consequences of cell death on viral pathogenesis. Recent study indicates that both the type of cell death program and its kinetics have major implications on host defense and survival. In this review, we focus on cell death programs induced in influenza-infected cells and provide insight into its the immunological consequences, in hopes of fostering new areas of investigation for targeted clinical intervention.



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Scholar : These new articles for Environmental Claims Journal are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Environmental Claims Journal and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Building Codes and Energy Efficiency Building Codes and Energy Efficiency How New York City's Building Codes Succeed and Fail in Regulating GHG Emissions Irene Blumberg Pages: 1-15 | DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2018.1450472 Hoping to have your article read by anyone, anywhere and at any time? Find out more about publishing open access with Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Caracterización y simulación de ruido en las imágenes de PET reconstruidas con OSEM: desarrollo de un método para la generación de imágenes sintéticas

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2018
Source:Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular
Author(s): P. Castro, C. Huerga, P. Chamorro, J. Garayoa, M. Roch, L. Pérez
IntroducciónLos objetivos del trabajo son caracterizar las propiedades de la imagen 2D PET reconstruida mediante el algoritmo ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM) y proponer un nuevo método de generación de imágenes sintéticas.Material y métodosEl ruido se analiza en términos de magnitud, correlación espacial y distribución espectral a través de la desviación estándar, la función de autocorrelación y el espectro de potencias de ruido (NPS, por noise power spectrum), respectivamente. También se estudian sus variaciones con la posición y la cantidad de actividad. Este análisis del ruido se realiza sobre imágenes de maniquí a partir de distribuciones de actividad de ¹⁸F homogéneas. Para estudiar la resolución espacial del sistema a través de la point spread function (PSF) se emplean los coeficientes de recuperación medidos en esferas calientes en diferentes entornos radiactivos. Las funciones PSF y NPS proporcionan la base del método de simulación propuesto: convolución con la PSF como núcleo y adición de ruido a partir del NPS.ResultadosEl análisis del ruido espectral muestra que la principal contribución es de naturaleza aleatoria. También se observa que la corrección de atenuación no altera la textura del ruido pero sí modifica su magnitud. Finalmente, las imágenes sintéticas de 2 maniquíes, uno de ellos un cerebro anatómico, son comparadas cuantitativamente con las imágenes experimentales, encontrando un buen acuerdo en términos de valores de píxel y correlaciones entre píxeles. Así, la razón contraste-ruido para la esfera más grande del maniquí NEMA IEC es 10,7 en la imagen sintética y 8,8 en la imagen experimental.ConclusionesLas propiedades de las imágenes PET-OSEM pueden ser descritas por las funciones NPS y PSF. Las imágenes simuladas, incluyendo regiones anatómicas, son generadas satisfactoriamente mediante el método propuesto basado en las funciones NPS y PSF.IntroductionThe goals of the study are to characterize imaging properties in 2D PET images reconstructed with the iterative algorithm ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM) and to propose a new method for the generation of synthetic images.Material and methodsThe noise is analyzed in terms of its magnitude, spatial correlation, and spectral distribution through standard deviation, autocorrelation function, and noise power spectrum (NPS), respectively. Their variations with position and activity level are also analyzed. This noise analysis is based on phantom images acquired from ¹⁸F uniform distributions. Experimental recovery coefficients of hot spheres in different backgrounds are employed to study the spatial resolution of the system through point spread function (PSF). The NPS and PSF functions provide the baseline for the proposed simulation method: convolution with PSF as kernel and noise addition from NPS.ResultsThe noise spectral analysis shows that the main contribution is of random nature. It is also proven that attenuation correction does not alter noise texture but it modifies its magnitude. Finally, synthetic images of 2 phantoms, one of them an anatomical brain, are quantitatively compared with experimental images showing a good agreement in terms of pixel values and pixel correlations. Thus, the contrast to noise ratio for the biggest sphere in the NEMA IEC phantom is 10.7 for the synthetic image and 8.8 for the experimental image.ConclusionsThe properties of the analyzed OSEM-PET images can be described by NPS and PSF functions. Synthetic images, even anatomical ones, are successfully generated by the proposed method based on the NPS and PSF.



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Bloqueo de rama izquierda inducido por el ejercicio en la ergometría isotópica. Hallazgos y valor pronóstico

Publication date: Available online 18 April 2018
Source:Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular
Author(s): M.V. Gomez, B.C. Lorente Castro, P. Jané, L. García-Zoghby, A. Martínez-Lorca, J.A. Pérez
IntroducciónEl bloqueo completo de rama izquierda inducido por el ejercicio (BCRI-IE) es un fenómeno poco frecuente y de significado incierto. El propósito del presente trabajo ha sido describir las características gammagráficas y el valor pronóstico de dicho hallazgo.Material y métodoSe han revisado las características de 1.885 pacientes que habían acudido a nuestro servicio a realizarse una ergometría-GATED SPECT para diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica. Siete de ellos presentaron BCRI-IE en la prueba de esfuerzo. Se realizó coronariografía a 4 de los 7 pacientes. Estos pacientes se han seguido durante un tiempo medio de 30±8 meses. Se investigó la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares mayores.ResultadosLa prevalencia del BCRI-IE fue del 0,37%. Seis de los 7 pacientes eran mujeres. La perfusión y la función miocárdicas fueron normales en 3 pacientes. Tres pacientes presentaron defectos fijos de la perfusión y uno un defecto reversible. Dos de estos pacientes presentaron una FEVI moderada-severamente deprimida. Las coronarias fueron normales en los 4 pacientes con defectos de la perfusión.ConclusionesLa prevalencia del BCRI-IE entre los pacientes que acudieron a realizarse una ergometría con estudio de perfusión miocárdica fue muy baja. El hallazgo fue mucho más frecuente en mujeres. En nuestra serie 2 pacientes presentaron cardiopatía estructural de origen no isquémico pero ninguno fue diagnosticado de enfermedad coronaria. En nuestra serie la presencia de BCRI-IE no se asoció a un mayor riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares mayores.IntroductionExercise-induced left bundle branch block (EI-LBBB) is a rare circumstance of unknown significance. The purpose of this paper is to describe the scintigraphic features and the prognostic value of this finding.Material and methodsWe reviewed the features of 1,885 patients who had visited our department to undergo GATED-SPECT ergometry to diagnose ischaemic heart disease. Seven patients showed EI-LBBB throughout the exercise testing. Coronary angiography was performed in 4 of them. Patients were followed-up over an average period of time of 30±8 months. The onset of major cardiovascular events was recorded during the follow-up period.ResultsThe prevalence of EI-LBBB was 0.37%. Six out of 7 patients were women. Myocardial function and perfusion were normal in 3 patients. Three patients had fixed perfusion defects and one patient had a reversible defect. Two out of the 4 patients showing perfusion defects presented a moderate-severe decrease of the left ventricular ejection fraction. None of the 4 patients with perfusion defects were found to have coronary disease on coronary angiography.ConclusionsThe prevalence of EI-LBBB among the patients that came to undergo GATED-SPECT ergometry was very low. The finding was more frequent in women. In our series, 2 patients presented non-ischaemic structural heart disease, but no patient was diagnosed with coronary artery disease. In our patients the presence of EI-LBBB did not relate to a greater risk of experiencing a major cardiovascular event.



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Is the Type 1/Type 2 Distinction Important for Behavioral Policy?

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 5
Author(s): Nick Chater
Melnikoff and Bargh provide a powerful critique of the Type 1/Type 2 distinction as a typology of cognitive processes. But such a distinction may, nonetheless, be useful in highlighting the need for behaviorally inspired public policy.



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Editors, Contents, Cover details

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 5





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Collective Memory from a Psychological Perspective

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 22, Issue 5
Author(s): William Hirst, Jeremy K. Yamashiro, Alin Coman
Social scientists have studied collective memory for almost a century, but psychological analyses have only recently emerged. Although no singular approach to the psychological study of collective memory exists, research has largely: (i) explored the social representations of history, including generational differences; (ii) probed for the underlying cognitive processes leading to the formation of collective memories, adopting either a top-down or bottom-up approach; and (iii) explored how people live in history and transmit personal memories of historical importance across generations. Here, we discuss these different approaches and highlight commonalities and connections between them.



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Contrary to the Gospel, Ravens Do Plan Flexibly

Publication date: Available online 18 April 2018
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Author(s): Mathias Osvath, Can Kabadayi




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Cutaneous mucormycosis as a presenting feature of type 1 diabetes in a boy – case report and review of the literature

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print


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Bone mineral density comparison of adolescents with constitutional thinness and anorexia nervosa

Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print


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Hair-thin OLED fibers

Publication date: Available online 19 April 2018
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): David Bradley




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On the role of atmospheric oxygen into mechanical properties and fracture behavior of selective laser melted AlCu5MnCdVA

Publication date: 15 July 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 150
Author(s): Zhiheng Hu, Haihong Zhu, Xiaojia Nie, Changchun Zhang, Hu Zhang, Xiaoyan Zeng
In this study, the difference in the mechanical properties of AlCu5MnCdVA samples fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) with different atmospheric oxygen content when it has little effect on the formability has been investigated and the mechanism of the earlier fracture has been proposed. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the samples fabricated with the atmospheric oxygen content below 20ppm (LOC samples) are 10.89% and 128.21% higher than those of the samples fabricated with the atmospheric oxygen content below 200ppm (HOC samples), respectively. By comparing the formability, density, microstructure, phase and fracture surface of the HOC samples and the LOC samples, it is found that the earlier fracture is caused by the larger size particles forming during the process. The chemical reaction rate dramatically increases as the atmospheric oxygen content increases. The closer particles and the longer duration of high temperature of the molten pool make the collision of the particles easier, resulting in the formation of the larger particles. These findings indicate the atmospheric oxygen plays a different role when alloys with high oxygen sensitivity are being selective laser melted.

Graphical abstract

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