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Τετάρτη 13 Ιουνίου 2018
Scholar : These new articles for Archives and Manuscripts are available online
Scholar : Dance Education in Practice, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : Philosophical Magazine, Volume 98, Issue 20, July 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Association between Breslow Thickness and Dermoscopic Findings in Acral Melanoma
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2018
Source:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Je-Ho Mun, Gwanghyun Jo, Claudia C. Darmawan, Jin Park, Jung Min Bae, HyunJu Jin, Woo-Il Kim, Hoon-Soo Kim, Hyun-Chang Ko, Byung-Soo Kim, Moon-Bum Kim
BackgroundDermoscopy is a useful tool for the diagnosis of acral melanomas (AM). However, little is known about the influence of tumor thickness on the dermoscopic findings of AM.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of Breslow thickness (BT) on the dermoscopic patterns of AM.MethodsData on cases of AM on the glabrous skin were collected from four university hospitals. We investigated the frequency of each dermoscopic feature of AM according to the BT. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the association between the specific dermoscopic patterns and BT.ResultsMultivariable analysis revealed that red (odds ratio [OR] 16.482, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.605-99.016), blue (OR 7.092; 95% CI 1.707-37.435), and white colors (OR 5.048, 95% CI 1.152-22.897) were more common in AM with BT >2 mm. Regarding patterns, atypical vascular patterns (OR 34.589, 95% CI 6.458-305.852), blue-white veil (OR 9.605, 95% CI 1.971-72.062), and ulcers (OR 5.084, 95% CI 1.145-24.152) were more frequently detected in cases with BT >2 mm.LimitationsA retrospective study design and small sample sizeConclusionThis study showed an association between dermoscopic patterns and tumor thickness among patients with AM. Dermoscopy can be a useful adjuvant tool in predicting BT in AM.
https://ift.tt/2HJT3NB
Scholar : Behaviour & Information Technology, Volume 37, Issue 7, July 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : These new articles for CoDesign are available online
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Developmental assessment of preterm infants: Chronological or corrected age?
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 80
Author(s): Ayelet Harel-Gadassi, Edwa Friedlander, Maya Yaari, Benjamin Bar-Oz, Smadar Eventov-Friedman, David Mankuta, Nurit Yirmiya
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of age correction on the developmental assessment scores of preterm infants, using for the first time, the Mullen scales of early learning (MSEL) test. Participants included 110 preterm infants (born at a gestational age of ≤ 34 weeks) at ages 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. The corrected age-based MSEL composite score and each of the five MSEL scale scores were significantly higher than chronological age-based scores at all ages. These corrected scores were significantly higher than the chronological scores regardless of gestational age whether weight was, or adequate or small for gestational age. Larger differences between corrected and chronological age-based scores significantly correlated with earlier gestational age and with lower birth weight between 1 and 24 months but not at 36 months. Using chronological age-based scores yielded significantly more infants identified with developmental delays than using corrected age-based scores. The findings indicate that clinicians and researchers, as well as family members, should be aware of and acknowledge the distinction between corrected and chronological ages when evaluating preterm infants in research and clinical practices.
https://ift.tt/2t223bq
Health-related quality of life of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities
Author(s): Heather C. Karras, Danita N. Morin, Kamaldeep Gill, Sara Izadi-Najafabadi, Jill G. Zwicker
BackgroundAlthough Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is primarily a motor disorder, it can also impact emotional and psychosocial functioning of children with this condition. Evidence suggests that children with DCD experience lower quality of life than their peers, but few studies have explicitly examined the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of these children.AimsTo: (1) describe HRQOL of children with DCD compared to typically-developing children; (2) compare HRQOL from the perspectives of children with DCD and their parents; and (3) explore predictors of HRQOL for children with DCD.MethodsData from the KidScreen-52 and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire were collected from 50 children with DCD [Mean(SD) age: 9.8 (1.2) years] and their parents and compared to normative data.ResultsChildren with DCD and their parents report significantly lower HRQOL compared to published norms. Caregivers have a significantly lower perception of their child's HRQOL than their child's self-report in many domains. Parents of children with DCD report that their children experience significantly more emotional and behavioral disturbances compared to norms. Poor motor function and attentional difficulties predict HRQOL.Conclusion and implicationsDCD appears to contribute to lower perceived HRQOL. Findings inform therapeutic targets for children with DCD, beyond motor skill intervention.
https://ift.tt/2sV8Vbf
Substrate micropatterns produced by polymer demixing regulate focal adhesions, actin anisotropy, and lineage differentiation of stem cells
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Sebastián L. Vega, Varun Arvind, Prakhar Mishra, Joachim Kohn, N. Sanjeeva Murthy, Prabhas V. Moghe
Stem cells are adherent cells whose multipotency and differentiation can be regulated by numerous microenvironmental signals including soluble growth factors and surface topography. This study describes a simple method for creating distinct micropatterns via microphase separation resulting from polymer demixing of poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine carbonate) (PDTEC) and polystyrene (PS). Substrates with co-continuous (ribbons) or discontinuous (islands and pits) PDTEC regions were obtained by varying the ratio of PDTEC and sacrificial PS. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on co-continuous PDTEC substrates for 3 days in bipotential adipogenic/osteogenic (AD/OS) induction medium showed no change in cell morphology but exhibited increased anisotropic cytoskeletal organization and larger focal adhesions when compared to MSCs cultured on discontinuous micropatterns. After 14 days in bipotential AD/OS induction medium, MSCs cultured on co-continuous micropatterns exhibited increased expression of osteogenic markers, whereas MSCs on discontinuous PDTEC substrates showed a low expression of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation markers. Substrates with graded micropatterns were able to reproduce the influence of local underlying topography on MSC differentiation, thus demonstrating their potential for high throughput analysis. This work presents polymer demixing as a simple, non-lithographic technique to produce a wide range of micropatterns on surfaces with complex geometries to influence cellular and tissue regenerative responses.Statement of SignificanceGaining a better understanding of how engineered microenvironments influence stem cell differentiation is integral to increasing the use of stem cells and materials in a wide range of tissue engineering applications. In this study, we show the range of topography obtained by polymer demixing is sufficient for investigating how surface topography affects stem cell morphology and differentiation. Our findings show that co-continuous topographies favor early (3-day) cytoskeletal anisotropy and focal adhesion maturation as well as long-term (14-day) expression of osteogenic differentiation markers. Taken together, this study presents a simple approach to pattern topographies that induce divergent responses in stem cell morphology and differentiation.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2sU9LFm
CytID Analysis of Oral Lesions
Interventions: Other: Oral examination with incandescent light; Other: Oral examination with OralID; Diagnostic Test: Biopsy; Diagnostic Test: CytID; Diagnostic Test: hpvID
Sponsors: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Recruiting
https://ift.tt/2JUDY0R
Vestibular Treatment in Adolescents Following Sport Related Concussion
Interventions: Behavioral: Vestibular Exercise Intervention; Behavioral: Standard of Care
Sponsor: University of Pittsburgh
Not yet recruiting
https://ift.tt/2LKGnZ2
CT features of HER2-mutant lung adenocarcinomas
Source:Clinical Imaging, Volume 51
Author(s): Peter Sawan, Andrew J. Plodkowski, Angela E. Li, Bob T. Li, Alexander Drilon, Marinela Capanu, Michelle S. Ginsberg
ObjectivesTo describe the radiological phenotype of HER2-mutant lung cancers on CT at presentation.MethodsEligible patients with lung adenocarcinomas with HER2 mutations were stage-matched with two control groups (EGFR- and KRAS-mutant groups). Evaluated CT features of the primary tumor included size, location, consistency, contour, presence of pleural tags and pleural retractions. Presence of pleural effusions, lung metastases, adenopathy, chest wall invasion, and were also recorded. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare continuous and categorical features, respectively.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-four patients were identified: 50 (33%) harbored HER2 mutations, 56 (36%) harbored KRAS mutations, and 48 (31%) harbored EGFR mutations. Compared with KRAS, HER2 tumors presented as smaller lesions (2.3 cm versus 2.9 cm, p = 0.005 for length; 1.6 cm versus 2.1 cm, p = 0.002 for width) with the presence of pleural tags (74% vs. 52%, p = 0.03), pleural retractions (58% vs. 39%, p = 0.006), ipsilateral hilar (36% vs. 16%, p = 0.03) and scalene/supraclavicular N3 adenopathy (24% vs. 7%, p = 0.03). Compared with EGFR, pleural retractions were more prevalent among the HER2 tumors (58% vs. 37%, p = 0.05).ConclusionsLung adenocarcinomas with HER2 gene mutation exhibit an aggressive behavior manifesting by higher incidence of local invasion, compared to KRAS and EGFR mutant controls, and a nodal metastatic spread compared to KRAS-mutant control. This is the first radiogenomics study of HER2 mutations in lung cancer.
https://ift.tt/2LKzFm0
MR diffusion kurtosis imaging for cancer diagnosis: A meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative kurtosis value and diffusion coefficient
Source:Clinical Imaging, Volume 52
Author(s): Lu Shen, Guoxing Zhou, Fei Tang, Yi Lin, Jie Zhou, Pinshuo Lv, Yibin Wang, Genlin Zong, Jiangmin Zhao
PurposeTo perform a meta-analysis for assessing the accuracy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived quantitative parameters (kurtosis values, K; and corrected diffusion coefficients non-Gaussian bias, D) in separating malignant cancers from benign lesions.MethodsRelevant studies were searched in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases and were analyzed by Meta-DiSc software.ResultsFourteen eligible studies involving 1847 lesions in 1107 patients (895 were benign and 952 were malignant) were included. Pooled analysis showed the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR), and negative LR were respectively 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79–0.85), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80–0.86), 4.61 (95% CI, 2.98–7.14), and 0.22 (95% CI, 0.18–0.28) for K, with the overall area under curve (AUC) of 0.89. The sensitivity, specificity, positive LR, and negative LR were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.80–0.88), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79–0.89), 6.39 (95% CI, 3.14–12.99), and 0.18 (95% CI, 0.14–0.23) for D, with the overall AUC of 0.92. The sensitivity, specificity, positive LR, and negative LR for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79–0.84), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82–0.88), 4.75 (95% CI, 3.38–6.68), and 0.24 (95% CI, 0.19–0.29), with the overall AUC of 0.89. The superiority of D to K and ADC was also confirmed by the subgroup analysis of prostate cancer.ConclusionOur findings suggest that DKI should be added to the routine imaging protocol for screening cancer, with the highest diagnostic accuracy of diffusion coefficients.
https://ift.tt/2JS65h4
Dominant intraprostatic cancer confirmed by direct MRI-guided biopsy: Concordance with histopathological findings
Source:Clinical Imaging, Volume 51
Author(s): Nicholas P. Meermeier, Kevin R. Turner, Bryan R. Foster, Csanád Várallyay, Jen-Jane Liu, Fergus V. Coakley
PurposeTo investigate the concordance between dominant intraprostatic cancer seen on endorectal multiparametric MRI and confirmed by MRI-targeted biopsy with histopathological findings at radical prostatectomy, since existing literature has emphasized the miss rather than the concordance rate of MRI.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively identified 20 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy after a dominant intraprostatic cancer focus was identified at endorectal multiparametric MRI and confirmed by MRI-targeted biopsy. Concordance was determined by comparing the location and Gleason grade group of dominant tumor at MRI with the location and Gleason grade group determined at histopathological review.ResultsMean patient age was 65 years (range, 48 to 76) and median serum prostatic specific antigen level was 9.4 ng/mL (range, 4.6 to 58.0). In all 20 patients, the location of dominant tumor based on MRI and targeted biopsy corresponded with the dominant tumor location at histopathology. In 9 patients, Gleason grade group was the same at targeted biopsy and final histopathology. In 9 patients, final Gleason grade group was higher and in two patients it was lower.ConclusionOur preliminary results suggest dominant tumor as determined by endorectal multiparametric MRI and confirmed by a positive MRI-targeted biopsy has high concordance with histopathological findings at radical prostatectomy for location, and reasonable concordance for Gleason grade group.
https://ift.tt/2LKbwvM
accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging techniques for parotid tumors, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Source:Clinical Imaging, Volume 52
Author(s): Ying-Ying Liang, Fan Xu, Yuan Guo, Jin Wang
ObjectiveTo assess the added benefit of combining different MRI techniques for preoperative diagnosis of parotid tumors when compared to conventional MRI and advanced MRI techniques alone with meta-analysis.MethodsA comprehensive PubMed electronic database search was performed for original diagnostic studies up to July 2017. The methodologic quality of each study was evaluated by two independent reviewers who used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Statistical analysis included pooling of sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CI). All analyses were conducted using STATA (version 12.0), RevMan (version 5.2), and Meta-Disc 1.4 software programs.ResultsPooled sensitivity and specificity of conventional MRI, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and the above combination were 76% (95%CI)/91% (95%CI)/80% (95%CI)/86% (95%CI) and 83% (95%CI)/56% (95%CI)/90% (95%CI)/90% (95%CI).ConclusionConventional MRI combined with DWI and DCE showed higher diagnostic accuracy than conventional or advanced MRI alone, supporting their use in parotid tumors diagnosis.
https://ift.tt/2JPpsHy
Communication errors in radiology – Pitfalls and how to avoid them
Source:Clinical Imaging, Volume 51
Author(s): Stephen Waite, Jinel Moore Scott, Ian Drexler, Jennifer Martino, Alan Legasto, Brian Gale, Srinivas Kolla
Communication failures are a common cause of patient harm and malpractice claims against radiologists. In addition to overt communication breakdowns among providers, it is also important to address the quality of communication to optimize patient outcomes. In this review, we describe common communication failures and potential solutions providing a framework for radiologists to improve health care delivery.
https://ift.tt/2LLvvKl
Kinetics of atmospheric reactions of 4-chloro-1-butene
Abstract
Chloroalkenes are among the important anthropogenic organic compounds emitted in the atmosphere as a result of their wide use in synthetic processes in industry. Despite their well-known adverse effects on human health and air quality, the chemistry of these chloroalkenes remains poorly explored. In this work, reactions of 4-chloro-1-butene (CBE), a representative example of chloroalkenes, with O3, OH, NO3, and Cl are investigated in a 100-L Teflon reaction chamber equipped with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The absolute rate method was used for the reaction with O3 while the relative rate method was used for reactions with OH, NO3, and Cl. The following rate constants were obtained at room temperature (298 ± 2) K and atmospheric pressure: (3.96 ± 0.43) × 10−18, (2.63 ± 0.96) × 10−11, (4.48 ± 1.23) × 10−15, and (2.35 ± 0.90) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, for reactions with O3, OH, NO3, and Cl, respectively. Atmospheric lifetimes of CBE calculated from rate constants of the different reactions obtained in this work showed that reaction with OH is the main loss process for CBE, while in coastal areas and in the marine boundary layer, the CBE loss by Cl reaction becomes important. Estimation of the value of the photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) indicated that CBE has a large ozone formation potential. The present work underlines the need for further studies on the atmospheric chemistry of chlorinated VOCs.
https://ift.tt/2JUO5lY
Editorial Board and Contents
Publication date: July 2018
Source:Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 29, Issue 7
https://ift.tt/2l5ifFd
Roles of Aldolase Family Genes in Human Cancers and Diseases
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Author(s): Yu-Chan Chang, Yi-Chieh Yang, Chia-Ping Tien, Chih-Jen Yang, Michael Hsiao
The aldolase family members involved in metabolism and glycolysis are present in three isoforms: ALDOA, ALDOB, and ALDOC. Aldolases are differentially expressed in human tissues, and aberrant expression has been observed in several human diseases and cancer types. However, non-enzymatic functions through protein–protein interactions or epigenetic modifications have been reported in recent years. Using high-throughput screening and -omics database integration, aldolase has been validated as an independent clinical prognostic marker of human cancers. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide potential clinical value from in silico predictions and also summarize well-known signaling axes or phenotypes in various cancer types. Finally, we discuss the role of aldolase in the treatment of human diseases and cancers.
https://ift.tt/2t547iT
Prognostic value of nerve ultrasound and electrophysiological findings in traumatic sural neuropathy
Source:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Author(s): A. Kerasnoudis, P. Ntasiou, G. Barmpalios
IntroductionWe report on the prognostic role of cross sectional area (CSA) enlargement and axonal damage in traumatic sural neuropathy (TSN).MethodsReference values were defined in 23 healthy subjects. 13patients with TSN underwent evaluation [Thessaloniki Hypesthesia Score (THS), ultrasound, electrophysiology). All patients were followed up with THS 6 months after initial evaluation.ResultsDuring initial evaluation, the 13 patients showed a mean THS of 2.6 (SD+/-0.9). 7 patients showed pathological (pUS) and 6 normal CSA (nUS). 8 patients showed axonal affection (pCS) and 5 no axonal affection (nCS). During follow up, mean THS was 3.1 (SD+/-0.9) in pUS, and 1.8 (SD+/-0.7) in the nUS group (p<0.001). Mean THS was 2.8 (SD+/-0.7) in pCS, and 2.1 (SD+/-0.9) in nCS group (p = 0.035).DiscussionCSA enlargement, but not axonal loss, seems to have a negative prognostic role in patients with TSN.
https://ift.tt/2HHIwSZ
Development of a Standardized Cranial Phantom for Training and Optimization of Functional Stereotactic Operations
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
https://ift.tt/2LMsERy
The different effects of natural pyrethrins and beta -cypermethrin on human hepatocyte QSG7701 cells by ROS-mediated oxidative damage
Abstract
With the widespread use of natural pyrethrins and pyrethroids to defend pest insects, people had the sustained interest in the potential risk to environment and human health. However, the research about natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin induction of cytotoxicity is still seldom. This study is about the cytotoxic effects of these on human non-target cells in vitro. The cytotoxic effect of natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin on QSG7701 cells were researched by using various bioassays in vitro. The results suggested that with the natural pyrethrin concentration increased, the viability of QSG7701 cells were inhibited increasingly, and the IC50 value as calculated was approximately 42.54 and 18.68 μg/mL after the cells were treated 24 and 48 h. The proliferative potential of QSG7701 cells treated with 40 μg/mL natural pyrethrins 6 and 12 h was decreased by 67.44 and 94.74%, dramatic enhancement ROS, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA exhibit severity of impairment, and chromatin DNA condensation. However, beta-cypermethrin has lower toxicity than natural pyrethrins. The IC50 values of beta-cypermethrin were all > 80 μg/mL, and the colony formation expression was decreased by 15.26 and 19.09%, which implied that natural pyrethrins are more significantly cytotoxic and potentially genotoxic to human hepatocyte cells.
https://ift.tt/2l4C3bE
Promoting in vivo early angiogenesis with sub-micrometer strontium-contained bioactive microspheres through modulating macrophage phenotypes
Publication date: September 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 178
Author(s): Fujian Zhao, Bo Lei, Xian Li, Yunfei Mo, Renxian Wang, Dafu Chen, Xiaofeng Chen
Early vascularization capacity of biomaterials plays an essential role in efficient wound healing and tissue regeneration, especially in large tissue tension implanting position such as bone augmentation. Strontium-contained silica-based bioactive materials have shown the role of promoting angiogenesis by stimulating osteoblasts to secrete angiogenesis related cytokines. However, osteoblasts have little effect on early angiogenesis due to the inflammatory reaction of implantation site. Here, for the first time, we found that the monodispersed strontium-contained bioactive glasses microspheres (SrBGM) could significantly promote the early angiogenesis through regulating macrophage phenotypes. After being stimulated with SrBGM in vitro, RAW cells (macrophages) presented a trend towards to M2 phenotype and expressed high level of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Moreover, the RAW conditioned medium of SrBGM significantly enhanced the angiogenic capacity of HUVECs. The in vivo early vascularization studies showed that significant new vessels were observed at the center of SrBGM-based scaffolds after implantation for 1 week in a bone defect model of rats, suggesting their enhanced early vascularization. Due to the efficient vascularization, the in vivo new bone formation was promoted significantly. Our study may provide a novel strategy to promote the early vascularization of biomaterials through modulating the microphage phenotypes, which has wide applications in various tissue regeneration and wound healing.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2taYhN9
Biocompatible PEGylated Gold nanorods function As cytokinesis inhibitors to suppress angiogenesis
Publication date: September 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 178
Author(s): Hongyuan Song, Ting Guo, Zichang Zhao, Youheng Wei, Haoyang Luo, Weizong Weng, Rui Zhang, Ming Zhong, Chunying Chen, Jiacan Su, Wei Shen
Pathological angiogenesis is driven by uncontrolled growth of endothelial cells (ECs), which could lead to retinopathy, tumor and rheumatoid arthritis, etc. ECs must experience multiple cell division process to grow, and cytokinesis is the final step. The present study shows that PEGylated GNRs (PEG-GNRs) specifically target ECs cytokinesis process which results in high ratio of binucleated cells, and these binucleated ECs lose the ability to proliferate. Further data show that PEG-GNRs do not induce toxicity in vitro and in vivo. PEG-GNRs could inhibit ECs proliferation, migration, tube formation and inhibit angiogenesis in ex vivo model. Oxygen induced retinopathy and tumor angiogenesis model further show that PEG-GNRs can inhibit angiogenesis in vivo. Gene expression profiles reveal that PEG-GNRs mainly affect ECs cell division process, and PEG-GNRs treated ECs are arrested in G2/M phase. The mechanism is that PEG-GNRs could disrupt TGFβ pathway, and subsequently suppress the assembly of actin filaments in contractile ring site. These findings indicate that PEG-GNR is a novel cytokinesis inhibitor which can be used to interfere with retinal angiogenesis and tumor.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2MnzQ7Y
Androgen and estrogen actions on male physical activity: a story beyond muscle
Physical inactivity is a pandemic that contributes to several chronic diseases and poses a significant burden on health care systems worldwide. The search for effective strategies to combat sedentary behavior has led to an intensification of the research efforts to unravel the biological substrate controlling activity. A wide body of preclinical evidence makes a strong case for sex steroids regulating physical activity in both genders, albeit the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. The beneficial effects of androgens on muscle as well as on other peripheral functions might play a role in favoring adaptation to exercise. Alternatively or in addition, sex steroids could act on specific brain circuitries to boost physical activity. This review critically discusses the evidence supporting a role for androgens and estrogens stimulating male physical activity, with special emphasis on the possible role of peripheral and/or central mechanisms. Finally, the potential translation of these findings to humans is briefly discussed.
https://ift.tt/2JPGF3y
Brown adipose tissue development and function and its impact on reproduction
Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) is one of the smallest organs in the body, it has the potential to have a substantial impact on both heat production as well as fat and carbohydrate metabolism. This is most apparent at birth, which is characterised with the rapid appearance and activation of the BAT specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)1 in many large mammals. The amount of brown fat then gradually declines with age, an adaptation that can be modulated by the thermal environment. Given the increased incidence of maternal obesity and its potential transmission to the mother's offspring, increasing BAT activity in the mother could be one mechanism to prevent this cycle. To date, however, all rodent studies investigating maternal obesity have been conducted at standard laboratory temperature (21°C), which represents an appreciable cold challenge. This could also explain why offspring weight is rarely increased, suggesting that future studies would benefit from being conducted at thermoneutrality (~28°C). It is also becoming apparent that each fat depot has a unique transcriptome and show different developmental pattern, which is not readily apparent macroscopically. These differences could contribute to the retention of UCP1 within the supraclavicular fat depot, the most active depot in adult humans, increasing heat production following a meal. Despite the rapid increase in publications on BAT over the past decade, the extent to which modifications in diet and/or environment can be utilised to promote its activity in the mother and/or her offspring remains to be established.
https://ift.tt/2LOZaCK
Involvement of adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction in virus-induced type 1 diabetes
The etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains poorly understood. We used the LEW1.WR1 rat model of Kilham rat virus (KRV)-induced T1D to better understand the role of the innate immune system in the mechanism of virus-induced disease. We observed that infection with KRV results in cell influx into visceral adipose tissue soon following infection prior to insulitis and hyperglycemia. In sharp contrast, subcutaneous adipose tissue is free of cellular infiltration, whereas β cell inflammation and diabetes are observed beginning on day 14 post infection. Immunofluorescence studies further demonstrate that KRV triggers CD68+ macrophage recruitment and the expression of KRV transcripts and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in visceral adipose tissue. Adipocytes from naive rats cultured in the presence of KRV express virus transcripts and upregulate cytokine and chemokine gene expression. KRV induces apoptosis in visceral adipose tissue in vivo, which is reflected by positive TUNEL staining and the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, KRV leads to an oxidative stress response and downregulates the expression of adipokines and genes associated with mediating insulin signaling. Activation of innate immunity with Poly I:C in the absence of KRV leads to CD68+ macrophage recruitment to visceral adipose tissue and a decrease in adipokine expression detected 5 days following Poly (I:C) treatment. Finally, proof-of-principle studies show that brief anti-inflammatory steroid therapy suppresses visceral adipose tissue inflammation and protects from virus-induced disease. Our studies provide evidence raising the hypothesis that visceral adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction may be involved in early mechanisms triggering β cell autoimmunity.
https://ift.tt/2JOgZV8
Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 37: Perspective: Stabilizing the Microbiome Skin-Gut-Brain Axis with Natural Plant Botanical Ingredients in Cosmetics
Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 37: Perspective: Stabilizing the Microbiome Skin-Gut-Brain Axis with Natural Plant Botanical Ingredients in Cosmetics
Cosmetics doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5020037
Authors: Kavita Beri
The microbiome of the gut and skin have recently been shown to have a strong connection through the host immune system. Various skin and gut inflammatory conditions are interrelated and connected through intricate immune pathways that affect the host barrier functions both in the skin and the gut. Microbiome 'dysbiosis' of the skin and gut leads to various alterations in host immune pathways that can alter the barrier and lead to disease. In this perspective article, we discuss the role of plant botanicals in cosmetics and their effect on the skin-gut-brain axis.
https://ift.tt/2y6tyq6
Diagnostic accuracy of inferior vena caval respiratory variation in detecting fluid unresponsiveness: A systematic review and meta-analysis
https://ift.tt/2JObgyC
Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Microleakage of Class V Cavities Restored with Composite Resin
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Ladan Madani, Edwin Sarkisians, Nazanin Kiomarsi, Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard, Nasim Chiniforush
ObjectivesDisinfection of enamel and dentin following cavity preparation is a necessity. Considering the possible effect of antimicrobial agents on tooth structure and dental adhesives, this study aimed to assess the microleakage of composite restorations following disinfection of cavity walls with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT).Materials and methodsStandard class V cavities were prepared in the buccal surfaces of 68 extracted human premolars. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups (n = 17) for use of different adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 or One-Step Plus) and disinfection with aPDT. The cavities were filled with Filtek Ultimate composite. After thermocycling and immersion in 0.5% fuchsine, the teeth were sectioned and evaluated under a stereomicroscope to determine the microleakage score. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (P < 0.05).ResultsNo significant difference was noted in microleakage in the occlusal and gingival walls among the study groups (P > 0.05). In each study group, microleakage in the gingival wall was significantly higher than that in the occlusal wall (P < 0.05).ConclusionMethylene blue-mediated aPDT does not seem to contribute to the microleakage of class V resin-based dental restorations, independently of the composition of bonding agents used.
https://ift.tt/2sSeCXy
Assessing continuity in the ancestral territory of the Tsleil-Waututh-Coast Salish, southwest British Columbia, Canada
Source:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Volume 51
Author(s): Jesse Morin, Dana Lepofsky, Morgan Ritchie, Marko Porčić, Kevan Edinborough
Archaeological interpretations of continuity and abandonment can have significant implications for descendent communities. Such interpretations are contingent on the social and spatial scale of analysis. We assess the evidence for continuity among the Coast Salish at four of social-spatial scales using a suite of radiocarbon dates derived from Tsleil-Wat (Burrard Inlet and Indian Arm) and the Fraser Valley (∼3500–250 cal BP). We define continuity as the ability to pass on place-based knowledge inter-generationally – conservatively a span of 60 years. For each social-spatial scale, we evaluate whether we have the minimum number of radiocarbon dates required to assess continuity. We also utilize demographic modeling of the radiocarbon dates to evaluate whether there are significant gaps in the data that would indicate discontinuities in occupation. Overlapping radiocarbon dates suggest continuity at various social-spatial scales, but our ability to detect long-term continuity increases with sample size and size of the social-spatial unit. The modeling did not reveal gaps in occupation, but low statistical power limits our ability to make conclusive interpretations. These analyses highlight both the importance of choosing appropriate scales of analysis and the potential limitations of archaeological data sets for evaluating continuity at culturally meaningful scales in the past.
https://ift.tt/2JFtBuk
Aerosol Optical Depth variability over the Arabian Peninsula as inferred from satellite measurements
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 187
Author(s): K. Ravi Kumar, Raju Attada, Hari Prasad Dasari, Ramesh K. Vellore, Sabique Langodan, Yasser O. Abualnaja, Ibrahim Hoteit
Aerosol abundance from widespread deserts over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) plays an important role in the regional climate and air quality. This study investigates the spatio-temporal variability of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) ranging from seasonal to inter-annual time scales during the period 2003–2016 using satellite retrievals from MISR and MODIS, together with ground-based observations from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) available during the period 2003–2012 over the AP. The MODIS AOD (MISR AOD) observations exhibit 0.81 and 0.85 (0.71 and 0.76) correlations with ground-based observations during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The correlations were also found to be significant with respect to the surface monitoring station at Solar village in Saudi Arabia. Our observational analysis reveals higher (lower) concentrations of AOD during dry (wet) seasons over the AP. The observed AODs indicate similar spatial distributions over annual and seasonal time scales, with high AODs over the Southern Red sea (SR), and the Northeast AP, and lower AODs over the central and southern end of the AP. It is also observed that the AOD exhibits year-to-year variations over different sub-regions of the AP. Analyses of the inter-annual variability over the AP reveals a significant relationship between the AOD and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the summertime. Furthermore, positive AOD anomalies over the AP can be closely linked with the intensification of the westerly jet at the Tokar Gap during La Niña phases. Enhanced monsoon associated heat low over the AP during La Niña phases further favors greater uplift and saltation of dust from desert regions.
https://ift.tt/2y7tGFK
Angio-CT-Guided Transarterial Chemoembolization Immediately in Combination with Radiofrequency Ablation for Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Hongjun Yuan, Fengyong Liu, Xin Li, Yang Guan, Maoqiang Wang
Rationale and ObjectivesTo evaluate the method and effectiveness of Angio-CT-guided transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) immediately in combination with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs; maximum enhancing diameter >5 cm).Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 48 patients with solitary large HCCs who were admitted from October 2012 to June 2016 and treated by immediate combination therapy, and 48 patients with solitary large HCCs who were treated by a sequential combination (RFA at 2–4 weeks after TACE) therapy in the same period were randomly selected as controls. After treatment, the success rates of the immediately combined technique, the short-term outcomes of the immediately combined treatment (using the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumor standard), and the survival rates were evaluated.ResultsThe success rate of the immediately combined technique was 100%. The complete remission rates 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment in the study group were 58.3%༌56.2%, and 47.9%, respectively, while the corresponding complete remission rates of control group were 37.5%, 33.3%, and 27.1%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of the study group were 95.8%, 85.4%, and 58.3%, respectively, while the corresponding survival rates of the control group were 83.3%, 68.7%, and 43.8%, respectively. None of the patients had any serious complications.ConclusionAngio-CT-guided TACE immediately in combination with RFA is a feasible, safe method for the treatment of large HCCs with excellent short-term outcomes and improved long-term prognoses.
https://ift.tt/2sTu3yP
Single Injection Dual-Phase Cone Beam CT (DP-CBCT): Vascular Anatomy Assessment and Occult Nodule Detection; Have We Reached the Focus?
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Pierleone Lucatelli, Gianluca De Rubeis, Renato Argirò, Mario Corona, Mario Bezzi
https://ift.tt/2sYHdJY
Using Correlative Properties of Neighboring Pixels to Enhance Contrast-to-Noise Ratio of Abnormal Hippocampus in Patients With Intractable Epilepsy and Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Matthew S. Parsons, Aseem Sharma, Charles Hildebolt
Rationale and ObjectivesTo test whether an image-processing algorithm can aid in visualization of mesial temporal sclerosis on magnetic resonance imaging by selectively increasing contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between abnormal hippocampus and normal brain.Materials and MethodsIn this Institutional Review Board-approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study, baseline coronal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of 18 adults (10 females, eight males; mean age 41.2 years) with proven mesial temporal sclerosis were processed using a custom algorithm to produce corresponding enhanced images. Average (Hmean) and maximum (Hmax) CNR for abnormal hippocampus were calculated relative to normal ipsilateral white matter. CNR values for normal gray matter (GM) were similarly calculated using ipsilateral cingulate gyrus as the internal control. To evaluate effect of image processing on visual conspicuity of hippocampal signal alteration, a neuroradiologist masked to the side of hippocampal abnormality rated signal intensity (SI) of hippocampi on baseline and enhanced images using a five-point scale (definitely abnormal to definitely normal). Differences in Hmean, Hmax, GM, and SI ratings for abnormal hippocampi on baseline and enhanced images were assessed for statistical significance.ResultsBoth Hmean and Hmax were significantly higher in enhanced images as compared to baseline images (p < 0.0001 for both). There was no significant difference in the GM between baseline and enhanced images (p = 0.9375). SI ratings showed a more confident identification of abnormality on enhanced images (p = 0.0001).ConclusionImage-processing resulted in increased CNR of abnormal hippocampus without affecting the CNR of normal gray matter. This selective increase in conspicuity of abnormal hippocampus was associated with more confident identification of hippocampal signal alteration.
https://ift.tt/2MoXOjd
The Microbiome in Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Author(s): Amar Sarkar, Siobhán Harty, Soili M. Lehto, Andrew H. Moeller, Timothy G. Dinan, Robin I.M. Dunbar, John F. Cryan, Philip W.J. Burnet
Psychology and microbiology make unlikely friends, but the past decade has witnessed striking bidirectional associations between intrinsic gut microbes and the brain, relationships with largely untested psychological implications. Although microbe–brain relationships are receiving a great deal of attention in biomedicine and neuroscience, psychologists have yet to join this journey. Here, we illustrate microbial associations with emotion, cognition, and social behavior. However, despite considerable enthusiasm and potential, technical and conceptual limitations including low statistical power and lack of mechanistic descriptions prevent a nuanced understanding of microbiome–brain–behavior relationships. Our goal is to describe microbial effects in domains of cognitive significance and the associated challenges to stimulate interdisciplinary research on the contribution of this hidden kingdom to psychological processes.
https://ift.tt/2Mpwhhd
Why Does the Cortex Reorganize after Sensory Loss?
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Author(s): Amy Kalia Singh, Flip Phillips, Lotfi B. Merabet, Pawan Sinha
A growing body of evidence demonstrates that the brain can reorganize dramatically following sensory loss. Although the existence of such neuroplastic crossmodal changes is not in doubt, the functional significance of these changes remains unclear. The dominant belief is that reorganization is compensatory. However, results thus far do not unequivocally indicate that sensory deprivation results in markedly enhanced abilities in other senses. Here, we consider alternative reasons besides sensory compensation that might drive the brain to reorganize after sensory loss. One such possibility is that the cortex reorganizes not to confer functional benefits, but to avoid undesirable physiological consequences of sensory deafferentation. Empirical assessment of the validity of this and other possibilities defines a rich program for future research.
https://ift.tt/2t2Ud1i
What causes webbed toes in humans?
Some people are born with extra skin between their toes. This is called webbing, and it can be a genetic condition, although sometimes the cause is unknown. The treatment to correct webbed toes usually involves surgery to remove the extra skin. In this article, learn more about webbed toes and how to treat them.
https://ift.tt/2l7NJe3
Tissue-Restricted Adaptive Type 2 Immunity Is Orchestrated by Expression of the Costimulatory Molecule OX40L on Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:Immunity
Author(s): Timotheus Y.F. Halim, Batika M.J. Rana, Jennifer A. Walker, Bernhard Kerscher, Martin D. Knolle, Helen E. Jolin, Eva M. Serrao, Liora Haim-Vilmovsky, Sarah A. Teichmann, Hans-Reimer Rodewald, Marina Botto, Timothy J. Vyse, Padraic G. Fallon, Zhi Li, David R. Withers, Andrew N.J. McKenzie
The local regulation of type 2 immunity relies on dialog between the epithelium and the innate and adaptive immune cells. Here we found that alarmin-induced expression of the co-stimulatory molecule OX40L on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provided tissue-restricted T cell co-stimulation that was indispensable for Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cell responses in the lung and adipose tissue. Interleukin (IL)-33 administration resulted in organ-specific surface expression of OX40L on ILC2s and the concomitant expansion of Th2 and Treg cells, which was abolished upon deletion of OX40L on ILC2s (Il7raCre/+Tnfsf4fl/fl mice). Moreover, Il7raCre/+Tnfsf4fl/fl mice failed to mount effective Th2 and Treg cell responses and corresponding adaptive type 2 pulmonary inflammation arising from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection or allergen exposure. Thus, the increased expression of OX40L in response to IL-33 acts as a licensing signal in the orchestration of tissue-specific adaptive type 2 immunity, without which this response fails to establish.
Graphical abstract
Teaser
Type 2 immunity underpins diverse processes central to tissue homeostasis, allergic inflammation, and anti-helminth immunity. Halim et al. demonstrate that the local expansion of Th2 and Treg cells in response to the alarmin IL-33 is dependent on the expression of the costimulatory molecule OX40L by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), revealing a central role for the IL-33-ILC2-OX40L pathway in the orchestration of type 2 immunity.https://ift.tt/2LMSdlA
New process makes wood stronger than many titanium alloys
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Laurie Donaldson
https://ift.tt/2JxKWcy
Why do you have to be so complicated?
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): David Bradley
https://ift.tt/2y4yHPx
Cold battery
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): David Bradley
https://ift.tt/2MproET
Graphene unlocks wearable, smart electronic devices
Source:Materials Today
Author(s): Cordelia Sealy
https://ift.tt/2y4yDzh
Xanthohumol attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2 signaling pathways
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 61
Author(s): Fan Li, Yunyi Yao, Hui Huang, Hua Hao, Mingzhong Ying
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, cisplatin has been reported to induce nephrotoxicity by directly inducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of xanthohumol on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The model of nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin and xanthohumol was given intraperitoneally for three consecutive days. The results showed that xanthohumol significantly attenuated kidney histological changes and serum creatinine and BUN production. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 in kidney tissues were suppressed by xanthohumol. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS were suppressed by treatment of xanthohumol. The activities of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased by cisplatin were reversed by xanthohumol. Furthermore, the expression of TLR4 and the activation of NF-κB induced by cisplatin were significantly inhibited by xanthohumol. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were dose-dependently up-regulated by the treatment of xanthohumol. In conclusion, xanthohumol protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by ameliorating inflammatory and oxidative responses.
https://ift.tt/2t56HVV
Costunolide ameliorates lipoteichoic acid-induced acute lung injury via attenuating MAPK signaling pathway
Publication date: August 2018
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 61
Author(s): Zhengxu Chen, Dan Zhang, Man Li, Baolong Wang
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is an experimental model for mimicking Gram-positive bacteria-induced pneumonia that is a refractory disease with lack of effective medicines. Here, we reported that costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, ameliorated LTA-induced ALI. Costunolide treatment reduced LTA-induced neutrophil lung infiltration, cytokine and chemokine production (TNF-α, IL-6 and KC), and pulmonary edema. In response to LTA challenge, treatment with costunolide resulted less iNOS expression and produced less inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Pretreatment with costunolide also attenuated the LTA-induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK in BMDMs. Furthermore, costunolide treatment reduced the phosphorylation of TAK1 and inhibited the interaction of TAK1 with Tab1. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that costunolide protects against LTA-induced ALI via inhibiting TAK1-mediated MAPK signaling pathway, and our studies suggest that costunolide is a promising agent for treatment of Gram-positive bacteria-mediated pneumonia.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2MoOlbF
A photoelectrochemical aptasensor constructed with core-shell CuS-TiO2 heterostructure for detection of microcystin-LR
Publication date: 15 October 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 117
Author(s): Yunfei Tang, Yun Chai, Xiaoqiang Liu, Lele Li, Liwei Yang, Peipei Liu, Yanmei Zhou, Huangxian Ju, Yunzhi Cheng
In this work, a CuS-TiO2 heterojunction composite was prepared by dispersedly depositing CuS nanoparticles on TiO2 nanospheres surface with a hydrothermal method, and was then used to construct a photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for sensitive detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in aquatic environment. The energy bands of CuS nanoparticles and spherical anatase TiO2 were well matched, which enhanced the photo-to-current conversion efficiency. The composite exhibited the enhanced visible light absorption, the improved separation of photo-generated charges, and the reduced self-aggregation of CuS nanoparticles, leading to the enhanced photocurrent response. The PEC aptasensor was constructed by immobilizing CuS-TiO2 composite on ITO electrode with chitosan film that further covalently bound aminated aptamer. After the target, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) as an analyte model, was captured by the aptamer on the aptasensor, it could be oxidized by the photo-generated hole to impede the electron-hole recombination and further amplify the photocurrent. The PEC aptasensor showed superior analytical performance for MC-LR with a linear range of 5.0 × 10−5 nM to 250 nM and a detection limit of 2.0 × 10−5 nM. The detection results with the aptasensor for practical water samples indicated its promising application in environmental monitoring.
https://ift.tt/2JAdvWG
Electrochemical primer extension based on polyoxometalate electroactive labels for multiplexed detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms
Publication date: 15 October 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 117
Author(s): Nassif Chahin, Laura A. Uribe, Ahmed M. Debela, Serge Thorimbert, Bernold Hasenknopf, Mayreli Ortiz, Ioannis Katakis, Ciara K. O'Sullivan
Polyoxymetalates (POMs) ([SiW11O39{Sn(CH2)2CO)}]4- and [P2W17O61{Sn(CH2)2CO)}]6-) were used to modify dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) through amide bond formation, and applied to the multiplexed detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an electrochemical primer extension reaction. Each gold electrode of an array was functionalised with a short single stranded thiolated DNA probe, specifically designed to extend with the POM-ddNTP at the SNP site to be interrogated. The system was applied to the simultaneous detection of 4 SNPs within a single stranded 103-mer model target generated using asymmetric PCR, highlighting the potential of POM-ddNTPs for targeted, multiplexed SNP detection. The four DNA bases were successfully labelled with both ([SiW11O39{Sn(CH2)2CO)}]4- and [P2W17O61{Sn(CH2)2CO)}]6-), and [SiW11O39{Sn(CH2)2CO)}]4- demonstrated to be the more suitable due to its single oxidation peak, which provides an unequivocal signal. The POM-ddNTP enzymatically incorporated to the DNA anchored to the surface was visualised by AFM using gold coated mica. The developed assay has been demonstrated to be highly reproducible, simple to carry out and with very low non-specific background signals. Future work will focus on applying the developed platform to the detection of SNPs associated with rifampicin resistance in real samples from patients suffering from tuberculosis.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2y7iNDR
Crystal structures and anticancer activities of five novel pyrazolone-enamine transition metal complexes with 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one
Publication date: 5 November 2018
Source:Journal of Molecular Structure, Volume 1171
Author(s): Ziao Zong, Xiaodan Wei, Xingchen Yan, Yuhua Fan
Three pyrazolone-enamine ligands HL1, HL2 and H2L3 were synthesized by the reaction of 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (HPMBP) with methyl 4-aminophenylacetate, 4-aminobenzamide and 2-amino-5-methylphenol, respectively, followed by tautomeric reactions. Their complexes [Zn(L1)2] (1), [Co(L2)2(H2O)2] (2), [CuL3(H2O)2] (3a), [ZnL3(H2O)2] (3b) and [CdL3(H2O)2] (3c) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray, IR, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, TG analysis. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that HL1, complex 1 and complex 2 are all connected by hydrogen bonds, CH···π interactions and van der Waals forces to form the 3-D network. The Zn(II) ion in complex 1 is four coordinated to two L1 ligands. The Co(II) ion in complex 2 is six coordinated to two L2 ligands and two water molecules. The metal ions in complexes 3a, 3b and 3c are five coordinated to one L3 ligand and two water molecules. After coordination, the structures of the ligands reversed to the Schiff base structures. Moreover, the anticancer activities were investigated, the results show that complexes 3a and 3b can effectively inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Besides, complexes 1, 2, 3b and 3c exhibit excellent luminescence properties.
https://ift.tt/2LJMZqA
Mechanisms of fibronectin-binding protein A (FnBPA110–263) vaccine efficacy in Staphylococcus aureus sepsis versus skin infection
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Rui Zhang, Sun Li, Xiao-Kai Zhang, Yu Wang, Liu-Yang Yang, Hao Zeng, Da-Peng Yan, Quan-Ming Zou, Qian-Fei Zuo
Increasing rates of life-threatening infections and decreasing susceptibility to antibiotics urge an effective vaccine targeting Staphylococcus aureus. Here we investigate the role of cellular immunity in FnBPA110–263 mediated protection in Staphylococcus aureus infection. This study revealed FnBPA110–263 broadly protected mice from seven FnBPA isotypes strains in the sepsis model. FnBPA110–263 immunized B-cell deficient mice were protected against lethal challenge, while T-cell deficient mice were not. Reconstituting mice with FnBPA110–263 specific CD4+ T-cells conferred antigen specific protection. In vitro assays indicated that isolated FnBPA110–263 specific splenocytes from immunized mice produced abundant IL-17A. IL-17A deficient mice were not protected from a lethal challenge by FnBPA110–263 vaccination. Moreover, neutralizing IL-17A, but not IFN-γ,reverses FnBPA110–263-induced protective efficacy in sepsis and skin infection model. These findings suggest that IL-17A producing Th17 cells play an essential role in FnBPA110–263 vaccine-mediated defense against S. aureus sepsis and skin infection in mice.
https://ift.tt/2lakJCt
Τρίτη 12 Ιουνίου 2018
Clinical significance of extrathyroidal extension according to primary tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Author(s): Lihua Liu, Chan Oh, Jae Hyung Heo, Hee Sung Park, Kyungmin Lee, Jae Won Chang, Seung-Nam Jung, Bon Seok Koo
BackgroundExtrathyroidal extension (ETE) is a risk factor for poor papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) outcomes. However, the clinical significance of ETE according to primary tumor size has not been well-established. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in clinical outcomes, according to the presence and extent of ETE, between different primary tumor size groups.MethodsIn total, 381 patients with PTC underwent total thyroidectomy with or without lymph node (LN) dissection from 2004 to 2010. We divided the patients into two groups according to primary tumor size: ≤ 1 cm or > 1 cm. Each group was further divided into subgroups according to the presence of ETE (ETE vs. no ETE) and degree of ETE (microscopic ETE vs. macroscopic ETE). The clinicopathological features and rate of recurrence during follow-up were compared among groups.ResultsAmong the PTC patients with primary tumors >1 cm, patients with ETE had a higher recurrence rate than those without ETE, and only macroscopic ETE affected recurrence in patients with PTC > 1cm (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between those without ETE and those with microscopic ETE (P=0.100). When the primary tumor size was less than 1 cm, there were no difference in recurrence rates between the groups with or without ETE, or between the groups with microscopic and macroscopic ETE (P >0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggests that the presence and degree of ETE may be associated with PTC outcome based on primary tumor size.
https://ift.tt/2JHgGYT
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
