Scholar : Obstructive sleep apnea - νέα αποτελέσματα

[HTML] THU0464 Increased frequency of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in behcet's syndrome patients with vena cava superior thrombosis

A Gokturk, SN Esatoglu, Y Ozguler, E Atahan… - 2018

Background Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), is a medical emergency and can
also be seen in Behçet's syndrome (BS). Contrary to the severe outcome seen in
malign conditions, SVCS in BS usually has a benign course, complicated rarely by …

Prevalence of parasomnias in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A registry-based cross-sectional study

RS Lundetræ, IW Saxvig, S Pallesen, H Aurlien… - Frontiers in Psychology, 2018

Objective: To assess the prevalence of parasomnias in relation to presence and
severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized higher parasomnia
prevalence with higher OSA severity. Methods: The sample comprised 4,372 patients …

The Correlations between Electroencephalogram Frequency Components and Restoration of Stable Breathing from Respiratory Events in Sleep Apnea Hypopnea …

S Huang, T Wang, X Zhang, CW Yen, J Liang, L Zeng… - Respiratory Physiology & …, 2018

… the likelihood and magnitude of post-event overshoots promoted recurrent
obstruction (Younes et al … Previous studies have shown that obstructive
respiratory events were more common during rapid … and all were free of known …

Obstructive sleep apnea and the effect of CPAP treatment on ischemia-modified albumin levels: a multi effect size meta-analysis with diagnostic test accuracy

SR Varikasuvu, N Dutt, D Sahu - Sleep and Breathing, 2018

Purpose A close association of oxidative stress (OS) and ischemia-modified albumin
(IMA) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been reported in the literature, but the
results on IMA are ambiguous. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the …

Dental and skeletal long-term side effects of mandibular advancement devices in obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis

ML Bartolucci, F Bortolotti, S Martina, G Corazza… - European journal of …, 2018

Background Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are effective in reducing
apnea episodes and they are frequently used as first-line therapy in obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA) patients. Objectives The MAD must be used every night for a lifetime …

Neuropathic changes in the tongue protruder muscles in patients with snoring or obstructive sleep apnea

S Podnar, LD Grošelj - Neurophysiologie Clinique, 2018

Objective Both myopathic and neuropathic tongue protruder muscle changes have
been demonstrated to occur in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients using different
methods. We tried to elucidate this dilemma using quantitative electromyographic …

The ageing brain in sleep apnoea: paradoxical resilience, survival of the fittest, or simply comparing apples and oranges?

D Gozal - 2018

[HTML] The impact of bariatric surgery on the resolution of obstructive sleep apnoea

TO Sillo, S Lloyd-Owen, E White… - BMC Research Notes, 2018

… due to variations in diagnostic methodology and screening tools [3, 4]. It is
characterised by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep … 5.View
ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar; Lee W, Nagubadi S, Kryger MH, Mokhlesi …

Beneficial effects of adaptive servo-ventilation on natriuretic peptides and diastolic function in acute heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction and sleep …

E D'Elia, P Ferrero, C Vittori, A Iacovoni, A Grosu… - Sleep and Breathing, 2018

… Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16:233–270 11. Lattimore JL, Wilcox
I, Skilton M, Langenfeld M, Celermajer DS (2006) Treatment of obstructive
sleep apnea leads to improved mi- crovascular endothelial function in …

Sleep disorders and the risk of stroke

M McDermott, DL Brown, RD Chervin - Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2018

… Obstructive sleep apnea, an established independent risk factor for stroke, is a highly
prevalent disease that is estimated to double the risk of stroke. It remains uncertain
whether non-apnea sleep disorders increase the risk of stroke …

 

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Scholar : ΓΛΩΣΣΙΤΙΣ - νέα αποτελέσματα

LONG-TERM SURVEILLANCE OF LANGUR ALPHAHERPESVIRUS IN A ZOO POPULATION OF SILVERED LANGURS (TRACHYPITHECUS CRISTATUS)

KA Gustavsen, BL Raphael, MJ Wildes, D McAloose… - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife …, 2018

… macaques (M. fascicularis). 4,26 Ulcerative glossitis, without systemic disease, has
also been described in a minority of subadult rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) with
presumed primary B virus infection. 16 These manifestations …

Comparison of the retention rates of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin between normal and high-oleic peanuts after roasting

DS Kim, HS Kim, SJ Hong, JJ Cho, J Lee, EC Shin - Applied Biological Chemistry

… Riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ) is involved in growth promotion, oral mucosal protection,
and in vivo oxidation and reduction. Riboflavin deficiency can cause stunted growth
in children, stomatitis, glossitis, and angular stomatitis [14] …

Medical Examination Made Memorable: Integrating Everything

Y Shahed, A Culyer - 2018

 

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Scholar : Εμφυτευματα - νέα αποτελέσμα

Εμφυτεύσιμα ηλεκτρονικά

Φ Κεβάνι - 2018

 

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Scholar : ΑΠΝΟΙΑ - νέα αποτελέσματα

[PDF] Επεξεργασία εικόνων βιοψιών με χρήση τεχνικών μηχανικής μάθησης.

Α Αρτζμάντ - 2018

Page 1. ΤΕΙ ΗΠΕΙΡΟΥ ΣΧΟΛΗ: ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΩΝ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ: ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΩΝ
ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ ΠΜΣ: ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΝΙΚΩΝ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΚΤΥΩΝ
ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΕΠΕΞΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΕΙΚΟΝΩΝ ΒΙΟΨΙΩΝ ΜΕ ΧΡΗΣΗ …

 

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Scholar : Myringotomy and tubes - νέα αποτελέσματα

[PDF] Implementation of Metrics to Assess Surgical Microscope Maneuvering Skills During Myringotomy

A Shamsil, B Wickens, PC Doyle, SK Agrawal… - CMBES Proceedings, 2018

… The objective of this paper is to present a set of discriminatory metrics that quantify the
microscope‟s motion path during a middle ear surgery (myringotomy with ventilation
tube insertion) and numerically evaluate the trainee‟s performance …

Successful treatment of eosinophilic otitis media associated with severe bronchial asthma with an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody, mepolizumab

I Suzaki, Y Kimura, A Tanaka, K Hirano, A Ishibashi… - Auris Nasus Larynx, 2018

… However, patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)
and hypereosinophilic syndrome are excluded from the diagnosis of EOM
[10] ; [11]. EOM is resistant to conventional treatments for otitis media (ie …

[PDF] Pneumokokvaccination, antibiotika og trommehindedræn

AM Howitz

… 20. Jardine A, Menzies RI, Deeks SL, Patel MS, McIntyre PB. The impact
of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on rates of myringotomy with venti- lation
tube insertion in Australia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009 Sept:28(9):761-765. 21 …

 

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Intraoperative Imaging of a PET Positive Lymph Node(s) Using 18FDG and a Dual-Mode, Hand-Held Intraoperative Imager

Condition:   Head and Neck Neoplasms
Intervention:   Device: Imaging Beta Probe (IBP)
Sponsors:   University of Arkansas;   Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc.
Not yet recruiting

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Improvement of activated carbon characteristics by sonication and its application for pharmaceutical contaminant adsorption

Abstract

Sonicated activated carbon (SAC) was developed and used to remove ibuprofen and ketoprofen from aqueous media by adsorption. A standard activated carbon sample (AC) was used as comparison. Both adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N₂ adsorption isotherms (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET)), helium gas pycnometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the adsorption study, kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics were evaluated. SAC presented better characteristics than AC. Pseudo-second-order model was adequate to predict the kinetic curves. The isotherm data obeyed the Sips model. Thermodynamic results revealed a spontaneous and endothermic process, where physisorption was involved. The maximum adsorption capacities of SAC were 134.5 and 89.2 mg g⁻¹ for ibuprofen and ketoprofen, respectively. For AC, the maximum adsorption capacities were 115.1 and 79.1 mg g⁻¹ for ibuprofen and ketoprofen, respectively. The sonication technique presented great potential to improve the AC characteristics, generating a promising material (SAC) for ibuprofen and ketoprofen adsorption.

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C11 Methionine PET (MET-PET) Imaging of Glioblastoma for Detecting Post-operative Residual Disease and Response to Chemoradiation Therapy

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Yingbing Wang, Otto Rapalino, Pedram Heidari, Jay Loeffler, Helen A. Shih, Kevin Oh, Umar Mahmood
Purpose/ObjectivesResponse criteria of glioblastoma after chemoradiation do not account for metabolic changes that occur after treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of positron emission tomography imaging with C11 Methionine (MET-PET) for detecting changes that occur after chemoradiation therapy and the value of molecular biomarkers for predicting magnitude of metabolic response.Materials and MethodsNewly diagnosed glioblastoma patients undergoing standard chemoradiation treatment were enrolled in this prospective imaging study with MET-PET scan performed within 3 days following surgical resection and again at 4 weeks after completion of chemoradiation. Near contemporaneous contrast enhanced MRI (ceMRI) was performed within 2 weeks of each MET-PET. MET-PET imaging was analyzed for SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVvolume on a multimodality workstation (Syngovia 24B, Siemens).ResultsA total of 18 subjects underwent baseline post-operative MET-PET imaging, of which 14 subjects underwent post-chemoradiation MET-PET imaging. Among subjects who showed residual MET-avid disease on immediate post-operative MET-PET scans and also underwent post-chemo radiation MET-PET imaging (n=10), mean ΔSUVmax was -40% (range -100%-0%), mean ΔSUVmean was -35% (range -100%-0%), and mean ΔSUV volume was -64% (range -100%-0%). Δtumor/brain reference was -40% (range -100%-0%) using SUVmax and -35% (range -100%-0%) using SUVmean. In contrast, none of the T2 weighted images on ceMRI showed reduction in abnormal T2/FLAIR signal by greater than 25% by visual assessment. ΔSUVmax, ΔSUVmean, and ΔSUVvolume correlated with MGMT methylation status (p=0.01), but not with EGFR, or c-MET amplification status. All patients were IDH-1 wildtype.ConclusionsMET-PET scanning shows significant decrease in metabolic signal at 1 month post-chemoradiation compared to the immediate post-operative period, even when T2/FLAIR changed little. MGMT promoter methylation status further predicts differential metabolic responses. MET-PET may be a useful tool for delineation of radiation targets and assessment of response.

Teaser

C11 Methionine PET may be a useful tool for delineation of radiation targets and assessment of response in glioblastoma. C11 Methionine PET scanning can show a significant decrease in extent of MET-avid glioblastoma at 1 month after completion of chemoradiation compared to the immediate post-operative period, even when T2/FLAIR changes little. MGMT promoter methylation status further predicts differential metabolic responses.


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Quantitative Imaging for Radiation Oncology

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Uulke A. van der Heide, Daniela Thorwarth




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Long-Term Impact of Regional Nodal Irradiation in Patients with Node-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy

Publication date: Available online 19 June 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Shane R. Stecklein, Minjeong Park, Diane D. Liu, Janeiro J. Valle Goffin, Abigail S. Caudle, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Carlos H. Barcenas, Sarah Mougalian, Wendy A. Woodward, Vicente Valero, Aysegul A. Sahin, Wei T. Yang, Simona F. Shaitelman
BackgroundThe impact of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) on locoregional recurrence (LRR) and any disease recurrence (DR) in women with node-positive breast cancer who receive neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAT) is unknown.MethodsThe impact of RNI on LRR and DR was estimated with the cumulative incidence method in 1289 women with stage II-III breast cancer with cytologically confirmed axillary metastases who received NAT, 1989-2007. Multicovariate Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of RNI after accounting for other predictive and prognostic variables.ResultsThe median follow-up after definitive surgery was 10.2 years. Axillary pCR was observed in 368 of 1289 patients (28.5%). On univariate analysis, axillary pCR reduced 10-year LRR risk from 9.7% to 4.8% (P=.006) and DR risk from 43.0% to 17.0% (P<.001). RNI was administered to 1080 of 1289 patients (83.8%). On univariate analysis, RNI did not affect 10-year LRR risk (no RNI, 9.4%; RNI, 8.1%; P=.62) or DR risk (no RNI, 31.3%; RNI, 36.5%; P=.16). On multicovariate analysis, RNI significantly reduced the risk of LRR (hazard ratio [HR], 0.497; 95% CI, 0.279-0.884; P=.02) and DR (HR, 0.731; 95% CI, 0.541-0.988; P=.04), and showed a particularly strong reduction in risk of DR in patients with HER2+ disease who received trastuzumab (HR, 0.237; 95% CI, 0.109-0.517; P=.0003). A nomogram to predict 10-year LRR risk with and without RNI has been generated to assist clinicians in individualizing treatment decisions based on patient and disease characteristics and response to NAT.ConclusionsAdjuvant RNI reduces risk of LRR and DR in breast cancer patients with axillary metastases who receive NAT across subtypes and particularly decreases the risk of DR in HER2+ breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. Enrollment on the NSABP B-51/RTOG 1304 protocol is encouraged to help determine whether RNI can be omitted in patients with axillary pCR to NAT.



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Tumor shrinkage during chemoradiation in locally advanced cervical cancer patients: prognostic significance, and impact for image-guided adaptive brachytherapy

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Antoine Schernberg, Sophie Bockel, Pierre Annede, Ingrid Fumagalli, Alexandre Escande, Fabien Mignot, Manon Kissel, Philippe Morice, Enrica Bentivegna, Sebastien Gouy, Eric Deutsch, Christine Haie-Meder, Cyrus Chargari
ObjectiveTo study the prognostic value of gross tumor volume (GTV) shrinkage and its dosimetric implication in a large cohort of cervical cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy plus image—guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT).Materials and MethodsClinical records of consecutive patients treated in our Institution between February 2004 and November 2015 by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (45Gy in 25 fractions +/- lymph node boosts) followed by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided adaptive pulse-dose rate brachytherapy were included. The prognostic value of GTV and its evolution after chemoradiotherapy were examined first on initial staging MRI and then at time of brachytherapy. All measures and measurement cutoff were selected using time-dependent Area Under the Curve for 3-year progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsGTV evolution between diagnosis and the time of brachytherapy was assessed in 247 patients. After chemoradiotherapy, complete response was observed in 75 patients (28%). Optimal cutoffs were GTV=55cc at diagnosis, GTV=7.5cc at brachytherapy, and GTV reduction ≥90%. All patients with volume above or reduction below these cutoffs had significant reduced overall survival (OS), PFS, local control (LC) and distant metastasis control (DMC) (p<0.001). Patients with anemia at diagnosis had a lower tumor volume response rate (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, incorporating the FIGO stage, N+ stage, anemia, and dosimetric parameters for IGABT, GTV optimal volume reduction after chemoradiotherapy was independently associated with improved OS, PFS, LC, and DMC (p<0.001).ConclusionThese results could provide a rationale for dose de-escalation studies in brachytherapy for patients displaying optimal GTV volumetric reduction after chemoradiotherapy, and may reinforce the need for dose escalation in poor responding patients.

Teaser

The prognostic value of GTV and its evolution after chemoradiotherapy, assessed in 247 patients were examined first on initial staging MRI and then at time of brachytherapy. In multivariate analysis, GTV optimal volume reduction was independently associated with improved overall survival and local control (p<0.001). Patients with optimal GTV reduction had no significant benefit from dose escalation D90 CTVHR ≥80Gy (p>0.3) while patients without optimal GTV reduction may have (p<0.05).


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Patient reported outcomes in NRG Oncology RTOG 0938, evaluating two ultrahypofractionated regimens for prostate cancer

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): Himanshu R. Lukka, Stephanie L. Pugh, Deborah W. Bruner, Jean-Paul Bahary, Colleen A.F. Lawton, Jason A. Efstathiou, Rajat J. Kudchadker, Lee E. Ponsky, Samantha A. Seaward, Ian S. Dayes, Darindra D. Gopaul, Jeff M. Michalski, Guila Delouya, Irving D. Kaplan, Eric M. Horwitz, Mack Roach, Wayne H. Pinover, David C. Beyer, John O. Amanie, Howard M. Sandler, Lisa A. Kachnic
BackgroundThere is considerable interest in very short (ultrahypofractionated) radiotherapy regimens to treat prostate cancer based on potential radiobiological advantages, patient convenience and resource allocation benefits.ObjectiveTo demonstrate that detectable changes in health related quality of life measured by the bowel and urinary domains of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-50) were not substantially worse than baseline.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsXXXX is a non-blinded randomized phase II study of NCCN low risk prostate cancer where each arm is compared to a historical control.Intervention(s)Patients were randomized to five fractions (7.25Gy in two weeks), or twelve fractions (4.3Gy in 2.5 weeks).Outcome Measurements and Statistical AnalysisThe co-primary endpoints were the proportion of patients with a change in EPIC bowel score at one year (baseline to one-year) >five points and in EPIC urinary score >two points tested with a one-sample binomial test.Resultsand Limitations: 127 patients were enrolled to five fractions (121 analyzed) and 128 to twelve fractions (125 analyzed). Median follow-up for all patients at the time of analysis was 3.8 years. The one year frequency for >five point change in bowel score for five and twelve fractions were 29.8%(p<0.001) and 28.4%(p<0.001) respectively. The one year frequency for >two point change in urinary score for five and twelve fractions were 45.7%(p<0.001) and 42.2%(p<0.001) respectively. For five and twelve fractions 32.9% of patients had a drop in 1 year EPIC sexual score ≥ 11 points (p=0.34) while 30.9% of patients had a drop in 1 year EPIC sexual score ≥11 points (p=0.20) in the twelve fraction arm respectively. DFS at two years is 93.3% (95% CI: 88.8, 97.8) and 88.3% (95% CI: 82.5, 94.0) in the five and twelve fraction arms, respectively. There was no late grade 4 or 5 treatment-related urinary or bowel toxicity.ConclusionsThis study confirms that based on changes in bowel and urinary domains and toxicity (acute and late) the five and twelve fractions regimens are well tolerated. These ultrahypofractionated approaches need to be compared to current standard radiotherapy regimens

Teaser

The urinary and rectal quality of life outcomes reported by prostate cancer patients undergoing 5 & 12 prostate radiotherapy treatments are comparable to current standard 38-44 radiotherapy treatments. These shorter radiotherapy treatments need to be compared to the current standard radiotherapy treatments in a larger study.


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LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION WITH VARIABLE INTENSITY PRESERVES TORQUE

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Author(s): Joni A. Mettler, Dillon M. Magee, Barbara M. Doucet
The neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) parameters that optimally modulate torque output during prolonged stimulation protocols are not well-established. The purpose of this study was to compare torque output between low-frequency and high-frequency NMES protocols while increasing stimulation intensity. Eleven healthy young individuals received a repetitive, intermittent low-frequency (20 Hz) and high-frequency (60 Hz) NMES over the quadriceps muscles. Stimulation intensity was increased throughout the protocol to achieve a submaximal target torque output. Mean torque, peak torque and torque-time integral (TTI) were measured. The 20 Hz protocol produced a higher mean torque (P = 0.001) and TTI (P = 0.008) compared to the 60 Hz protocol. The stimulation intensity required to achieve target torque during NMES was not different between frequencies (P > 0.0001). When the goal is to optimize torque output during prolonged submaximal NMES, such as during functional electrical stimulation, low-frequency stimulation may be preferred.



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Muscle fiber conduction velocity of the vastus medilais and lateralis muscle after eccentric exercise induced-muscle damage

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Author(s): Razieh Nasrabadi, Zahra Izanloo, Ali Sharifnezad, Mohammad Reza Hamedinia, Nosratollah Hedayatpour
Change in muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) has been reported after eccentric exercise induces muscle fiber damage, most likely due to change in membrane permeability of the injured fiber. The extent of damage to the muscle fiber depends on the morphological and architectural characteristics of the muscle fibers. Morphological and architectural characteristics of the VMO muscle fibers are different from VL muscle. Thus, it is expected that eccentric exercise of quadriceps muscle results in a non-uniform fiber damage within the VMO and VL muscle and, as a consequence, non-uniform changes in membrane excitability and conduction velocity. The aim of the study was to investigate MFCV of the VMO and VL muscles before and 24 h after eccentric exercise. Multichannel surface EMG signals were concurrently recorded from the right VMO and VL muscles of 15 healthy men during sustained isometric contractions at 50% of the maximal force. Maximal voluntary force significantly reduced after eccentric exercise with respect to the pre-exercise condition (P<0.0001). MFCV decreased over time during the sustained contractions at faster rates when assessed 24 h after exercise (VMO= -26.1; VL= -20.1) with respect to the pre-exercise condition (VMO= -9.1; VL= -13.7, P<0. 0001). Moreover, VMO showed a greater rate of reduction in MFCV over sustained contraction (26.1 ± 10.7%) in comparison with VL muscle (20.1 ± 8.5% , P<0.025) 24 h after eccentric exercise. The result indicates that eccentric exercise contributes to a larger reduction in MFCV within the VMO muscle as compared to the VL muscle. This may abolish the ability of VMO to counteract the lateral pull of the VL muscle during knee extension, thereby leaving the knee complex more vulnerable to injury.



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Additional Insight Into Biarticular Muscle Function: The Influence Of Hip Flexor Fatigue On Rectus Femoris Activity At The Knee

Publication date: Available online 19 June 2018
Source:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Author(s): Joshua C. Carr, Matt S. Stock, Jennah M. Hernandez, Jesus R. Ortegon, Jacob A. Mota
We evaluated the compensatory adaptations in muscle regionalization and synergist activity after fatiguing a biarticular muscle at one joint with different muscle lengths. Eleven men (mean ± SD age = 23 ± 3 years) performed 50 maximal concentric isokinetic contractions of the dominant hip flexors on two occasions. For one trial, the knee joint was fully extended. For the other, the knee joint was fixed at 70°. Maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors were performed immediately before and after the hip flexion fatigue protocol while bipolar surface electromyographic signals were detected from the vastus lateralis and at five points along the length of the rectus femoris. Regardless of knee joint angle during the hip flexion fatigue protocol, knee extension peak torque was unchanged following hip flexion fatigue. Electromyographic amplitude for the vastus lateralis (p = .047, η² = .338) and rectus femoris (p < .001, η² = .667) showed main effects for time, indicating higher and lower post-fatigue values, respectively. There was no evidence of region-specific rectus femoris adaptations during extension at the knee following fatigue of the hip flexors. These data suggest that synergistic adaptations were involved in maintaining knee extension peak torque following hip flexion fatigue.



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Gait evaluation using Inertial Measurement Units in subjects with Parkinson’s disease

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Author(s): Matteo Zago, Chiarella Sforza, Ilaria Pacifici, Veronica Cimolin, Filippo Camerota, Claudia Celletti, Claudia Condoluci, Maria Francesca De Pandis, Manuela Galli
We investigated whether a wearable system based on a commercial Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) can reliably provide the main spatiotemporal gait parameters in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD), compared to a gold-standard optoelectronic motion capture system.The gait of 22 subjects with PD (Age: 69.4 (6.1) years; UPDRS-III: 28.0 (9.2)) was recorded simultaneously with an optoelectronic system and a commercial IMU-based wearable system. Eight spatiotemporal parameters describing the step cycle (cadence, velocity, stride length, stride duration, step length, stance, swing and double support duration) were compared between the two systems. The IMU and the optical system reported comparable gait parameters, with the exception of walking velocity (optical system, 0.72 (0.27) m∙s^-1 vs. IMU: 0.86 (0.26) m∙s^-1, p<0.05). Although most parameters detected by the two systems were not statistically different, some of them like stride length, double support and step duration showed notable root mean square and mean absolute errors. In conclusion, the algorithm embedded in the current release of the commercial IMU requires further improvements to be properly used with subjects with PD. Overall, the IMU system was sufficiently accurate in the assessment of fundamental gait spatiotemporal parameters. The fast and simplified data recording process allowed by wearables makes this technology appealing and represents a possible solution for the quantification of gait in the clinical context, especially when using a traditional 3D optoelectronic gait analysis is not possible, and when subjects are not fully cooperative.



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Lower extremity muscle activity during descent from varying step heights

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Author(s): Emily E. Gerstle, Kevin G. Keenan, Kristian O'Connor, Stephen C. Cobb
During step descent, lower extremity musculature is critical for positioning the foot and ankle for initial contact and stabilizing the structures following contact. Although continuous stair descent has been extensively examined, curb/single transition steps where many injuries occur requires further study. The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of landing strategy and step height on lower extremity muscle activity of uninjured individuals during transition step descent. Twenty-two participants walked along a level walkway, stepped down a single step (heights: 5-cm, 15-cm, 25-cm) landed with the heel or forefoot, and continued walking. Muscle activity of the leading leg's peroneals, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius were recorded 200ms before and after initial contact. Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVAs within the three step heights and two landing strategies were run for both the pre- and post-contact periods. Step height by landing strategy interactions existed during the pre-contact periods for all three muscles. During the post-contact period, all muscle activity increased with each step height increment. Additionally, the medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior demonstrated significant landing strategy differences. This study highlights the importance of considering both landing strategy and step height when designing or interpreting investigations of transition step negotiation.



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Chiropractic spinal manipulation alters TMS induced I-wave excitability and shortens the cortical silent period

Publication date: Available online 19 June 2018
Source:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
Author(s): Heidi Haavik, Imran Khan Niazi, Mads Jochumsen, Paulius Uginčius, Oğuz Sebik, Gizem Yılmaz, Muhammad Samran Navid, Mustafa Görkem Özyurt, Kemal S. Türker
The objective of this study was to construct peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) and peristimulus frequencygram (PSF) using single motor unit recordings to further characterize the previously documented immediate sensorimotor effects of spinal manipulation. Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) via a double cone coil over the tibialis anterior (TA) motor area during weak isometric dorsiflexion of the foot was used on two different days in random order; pre/post spinal manipulation (in eighteen subjects) and pre/post a control (in twelve subjects) condition. TA electromyography (EMG) was recorded with surface and intramuscular fine wire electrodes. Three subjects also received sham double cone coil TMS pre and post a spinal manipulation intervention. From the averaged surface EMG data cortical silent periods (CSP) were constructed and analysed. Twenty-one single motor units were identified for the spinal manipulation intervention and twelve single motor units were identified for the control intervention. Following spinal manipulations there was a shortening of the silent period and an increase in the single unit I-wave amplitude. No changes were observed following the control condition. The results provide evidence that spinal manipulation reduces the TMS-induced cortical silent period and increases low threshold motoneurone excitability in the lower limb muscle. These finding may have important clinical implications as they provide support that spinal manipulation can be used to strengthen muscles. This could be followed up on populations that have reduced muscle strength, such as stroke victims.



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Cover Figure

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Cortex, Volume 104





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Editorial Board

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Cortex, Volume 104





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The ‘Enfacement’ illusion: A window on the plasticity of the self

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Cortex, Volume 104
Author(s): Giuseppina Porciello, Ilaria Bufalari, Ilaria Minio-Paluello, Enrico Di Pace, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Understanding how self-representation is built, maintained and updated across the lifespan is a fundamental challenge for cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Studies demonstrate that the detection of body-related multisensory congruency builds bodily and facial self-representations that are crucial to developing self-recognition. Studies showing that the bodily self is more malleable than previously believed were mainly concerned with full-bodies and non-facial body parts. Crucially, however, intriguing recent evidence indicates that simple experimental manipulations could even affect self-face representation that has long been considered a stable construct impervious to change. In this review, we discuss how Interpersonal Multisensory Stimulation (IMS) paradigms can be used to temporarily induce Enfacement, i.e., the subjective illusion of looking at oneself in the mirror when in fact looking at another person's face. We show that Enfacement is a subtle but robust phenomenon occurring in a variety of experimental conditions and assessed by multiple explicit and implicit measures. We critically discuss recent findings on i) the role of sensory extero/proprio-ceptive (visual, tactile, and motor) and interoceptive (cardiac) signals in self-face plasticity, ii) the importance of multisensory integration mechanisms for the bodily self, and iii) the neural network related to IMS-driven changes in self-other face processing, within the predictive coding theoretical framework.



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The body and cognition: The relation between body representations and higher level cognitive and social processes

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Cortex, Volume 104
Author(s): Chris Dijkerman, Bigna Lenggenhager




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Radiocaesium transfer from volcanic soils to Swiss chard, cabbage and sweet corn

Publication date: December 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 192
Author(s): Paulina Schuller, Alejandra Castillo, Gabriele Voigt, Natalia Semioshkina
The root uptake of radiocaesium by different plant parts of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) and the potential influence of K-fertilising on the transfer behaviour was studied in allophanic volcanic soils (umbric andosol and dystric fluvisol) in Chile under temperate climate and heavy rainfall conditions (∼2660 mm y⁻¹) over several vegetation periods. The soils were spiked homogeneously to 0.20 m depth with 100 kBq ¹³⁴Cs m⁻² and activity concentrations measured. The transfer factor (TF, on a dry mass basis) to Swiss chard had a clear exponential decrease within each crop year for both soil types, either K-fertilised or unfertilised. The highest values of the TFs to Swiss chard were at the beginning of the harvests, and the half-times of TF decrease ranged between 52 and 137 d for umbric andosol and between 40 and 164 d for dystric fluvisol. Over the five seasons there was no consistent ageing effect based on TF in either soil types for the three studied crops. The effect of ¹³⁴Cs foliar uptake by Swiss chard from resuspended soil was estimated to account for about 70% (external leaves) and 30% (internal leaves) increase in the TF for the K-unfertilised umbric andosol, and showed an ambiguous behaviour for the K-fertilised umbric andosol. Consequently foliar uptake does not explain the 370 and 500% increase of the TF to Swiss chard leaves determined during the third growing period in the umbric andosol without and with K-fertilisation, respectively. Therefore an uncertainty factor of 3–5 is recommended to be taken into account when using this parameter for dose calculations. The TF to Swiss chard was found to be higher than previously reported values. The TF to cabbage and sweet corn plant parts was found to be within the range of previously reported values. Normal K-fertilisation resulted in about 2.4-fold reduction in ¹³⁴Cs TF to Swiss chard, 2.3-fold to sweet corn and 3.0-fold to cabbage.



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Extended Kd distributions for freshwater environment

Publication date: December 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 192
Author(s): Patrick Boyer, Claire Wells, Brenda Howard
Many of the freshwater Kd values required for quantifying radionuclide transfer in the environment (e.g. ERICA Tool, Symbiose modelling platform) are either poorly reported in the literature or not available. To partially address this deficiency, Working Group 4 of the IAEA program MODARIA (2012–2015) has completed an update of the freshwater Kd databases and Kd distributions given in TRS 472 (IAEA, 2010). Over 2300 new values for 27 new elements were added to the dataset and 270 new Kd values were added for the 25 elements already included in TRS 472 (IAEA, 2010). For 49 chemical elements, the Kd values have been classified according to three solid-liquid exchange conditions (adsorption, desorption and field) as was previously carried out in TRS 472. Additionally, the Kd values were classified into two environmental components (suspended and deposited sediments). Each combination (radionuclide x component x condition) was associated with log-normal distributions when there was at least ten Kd values in the dataset and to a geometric mean when there was less than ten values. The enhanced Kd dataset shows that Kd values for suspended sediments are significantly higher than for deposited sediments and that the variability of Kd distributions are higher for deposited than for suspended sediments. For suspended sediments in field conditions, the variability of Kd distributions can be significantly reduced as a function of the suspended load that explains more than 50% of the variability of the Kd datasets of U, Si, Mo, Pb, S, Se, Cd, Ca, B, K, Ra and Po. The distinction between adsorption and desorption conditions is justified for deterministic calculations because the geometric means are systematically greater in desorption conditions. Conversely, this distinction is less relevant for probabilistic calculations due to systematic overlapping between the Kd distributions of these two conditions.



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Factors influencing the development of attitudes towards men who sexually offend and the impact on their care and treatment: A systematic review of literature between 1985 and 2015

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): Laura Challinor, Simon Duff
BackgroundResearch has investigated the attitudes of a range of professional and paraprofessional staff who are exposed to men who have sexually offended. The evidence emerging from this work suggests that many factors appear to have an effect on the attitudes that staff develop, including the number of years in their job, gender, or parental status.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to explore these factors to determine the influence they have on the attitudes of care staff and how these attitudes subsequently influence the care and treatment provided to men who sexually offend.MethodAn electronic search of seven bibliographic databases was conducted to identify primary research studies in addition to scanning reference lists of existing studies and contacting experts in the field. The search generated 13,987 hits. After scanning the titles and abstracts, 51 papers were subject to the exclusion criteria. A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final synthesis process.ResultsA number of factors appear to be important when exploring the relationship between attitudes and the care and treatment provided to men who sexually offend. These include factors within the domains of cognitive, affective and behavioural attitudes.ConclusionsThe papers highlighted a range of factors that influence attitudes. These factors appear to influence the flavour of attitudes and the nature of attitudes is seen to be an influencing factor in terms of the quality of relationships between men who commit sexual offences and professional staff. However the definition of attitudes needs to be more carefully applied to empirical research. Results collected from the studies provide suggestions regarding the clinical implications.



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Aggression in mental health residential facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): Viola Bulgari, Clarissa Ferrari, Francesco Pagnini, Giovanni de Girolamo, Laura Iozzino
ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of aggression exhibited by patients living in community residential facilities and to identify risk factors for such aggression.MethodsA systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) dataset (registration number: CRD42016042475). PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for studies published prior to February 21st 2017. Studies reporting the number of patients who perpetrated aggressive behavior in residential facilities were included. Methodological quality, publication bias, and the role of moderators were assessed. A pooled effect size was calculated for each outcome. Factors affecting between-study heterogeneity were analyzed using sub-groups and meta-regression analysis.ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria, for a total sample of 3760 patients. The pooled prevalence of aggression in residential facilities was 29% (95% CI 0.17–0.42) with a high heterogeneity and variability among studies. History of violence, personality disorders, lifetime substance and alcohol misuse were found significantly associated with aggression.ConclusionAggression in residential care services is common. Certain individual factors are associated to an increased risk for such aggression.



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A tuneable approach to uniform light distribution for artificial daylight photodynamic therapy

Publication date: Available online 18 June 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Paul O'Mahoney, Neil Haigh, Kenny Wood, C. Tom A. Brown, Sally Ibbotson, Ewan Eadie
ObjectivesImplementation of daylight photodynamic therapy (dPDT) is somewhat limited by variable weather conditions. Light sources have been employed to provide artificial dPDT indoors, with low irradiances and longer treatment times. Uniform light distribution across the target area is key to ensuring effective treatment, particularly for large areas. A novel light source is developed with tuneable direction of light emission in order to meet this challenge.MethodsWavelength composition of the novel light source is controlled such that the protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX) weighed spectra of both the light source and daylight match. The uniformity of the light source is characterised on a flat surface, a model head and a model leg. For context, a typical conventional PDT light source is also characterised. Additionally, the wavelength uniformity across the treatment site is characterised.ResultsThe PpIX-weighted spectrum of the novel light source matches with PpIX-weighted daylight spectrum, with irradiance values within the bounds for effective dPDT. By tuning the direction of light emission, improvements are seen in the uniformity across large anatomical surfaces. Wavelength uniformity is discussed.ConclusionsWe have developed a light source that addresses the challenges in uniform, multiwavelength light distribution for large area artificial dPDT across curved anatomical surfaces.



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